精品解析：福建省福州市福清市2025-2026学年第二学期八年级校内期中适应性练习英语学科

2025—2026学年第二学期八年级校内期中适应性练习 英语学科 （满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟） 友情提示：所有答案都必须填写在答题卡相应的位置上 I．听力（共三节，20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节 听句子听下面五个句子，从每小题所给的三幅图中选出与句子内容相符的选项。（每个句子读两遍） 1. A. B. C. 2. A. B. C. 3. A. B. C. 4. A. B. C. 5. A. B. C. 第二节 听对话听下面七段对话，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。（每段对话读两遍） 6. What advice does Sam give to Mary? A. Give a speech. B. Borrow some books. C. Find some information. 7. How long does Amy practice the violin every day? A. Half an hour. B. An hour. C. One and a half hours. 8. What are they talking about? A. Ideas for doing housework. B. Ways to get pocket money. C. Plans for after-school activities. 9. Why does the boy ride a bike to school? A. To save time. B. To keep healthy. C. To protect the environment. 听第5段对话，回答第10，11小题。 10. What color does the girl’s sister like best? A. Green. B. Blue. C. Pink. 11. How much does the girl pay for the bag? A. 158 yuan. B. 89 yuan. C. 79 yuan. 听第6段对话，回答第12，13小题。 12. How are they communicating? A. Face to face. B. On the phone. C. By email. 13. What does Mike do? A. A student. B. A worker. C. A policeman. 听第7段对话，回答第14，15小题。 14. What’s the possible relationship between them? A.Driver and passenger. B. Mother and son. C. Teacher and student. 15. Where can we stay during a lightning storm? A. Under a big tree. B. In a closed car. C. In an open field. 第三节 听独白根据所听到的内容及要求完成表格，每空一词。（独白读三遍） Secrets of Junior High Study Build good habits Develop a ________ plan from the beginning. Manage time ________ Finish your homework quickly. Sleep more than ________ hours a day. Don’t compare yourself to others Pay attention to your own ________. Don’t push yourself too much. Stay ________ Keep up with your work. Ⅱ．选择填空（共两节，10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 1. Confucius still learned from others ________ his late years. A. at B. on C. in 2. Don’t worry about making mistakes while learning—it’s quite ________. A. strange B. normal C. harmful 3. — You can’t ________ everyone, so just be yourself. — You’re right. Being true is very important. A. trust B. satisfy C. forget 4. Many people don’t realize the importance of health ________ they fall ill. A. after B. when C. until 5. —Do you want more sugar in your coffee? —No, ________ please. I’m trying to cut down. A. more B. less C. fewer 6. —Can I ________ your dictionary to look up the new word? —Sure, here you are. A. lend B. return C. borrow 7. Please ________ the wet floor, or you may fall down. A. turn off B. keep off C. get off 8. —Dad, can I meet my online friend alone tonight? —No. It is a big ________ to your safety. A. chance B. treat C. risk 9. — I plan to stay up to finish this game. — ________. You know health comes first. A. Step forward B. Think twice C. Take action 10. —What a cool model car! Could you tell me ________? —Sorry, I can’t remember the exact cost. A. where you bought it B. who gave it to you C. how much you paid for it Ⅲ．根据对话内容，从下面选项中选出恰当的句子补全对话，有两个选项是多余的。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） Li Lei: Helen, you always get good grades in English. ____11____ Helen: Sure! I think good learning habits are very important. Li Lei: ____12____ Helen: I usually take careful notes in class and review them every evening. Li Lei: That’s helpful. ____13____ Helen: Yes, I also try to speak English as much as possible, both in and after class. Li Lei: I’m too shy to speak in public. ____14____ Helen: Don’t worry. You can start with small things, like talking with your deskmate in English for 5 minutes every day. Li Lei: ____15____ I’ll try it from tomorrow. Helen: That’s great! I believe you will make progress soon. A. What do you think is the most important for learning English? B. Can you share some of your learning habits with me? C. What good habits do you have? D. Do you have any other good ideas? E. What should I do to improve my spoken English? F. How long have you been learning English? G. That sounds easy and useful. Ⅳ．完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 In a quiet village, there lived a farmer named Henry. He believed that only hard work could bring a good harvest (收成). However, his neighbors saw things ____16____. They thought luck was the most important thing. Many of them didn’t pay much attention to their fields, hoping that the ____17____ season would save them. They often joked about Henry’s actions, but Henry did not mind. He knew that land only ____18____ what you put into it—effort, care, and patience. One year, the fields were cracked (有裂纹的) and dusty under the burning (强烈的) sun. Many farmers gave up, ____19____ Henry didn’t. Every morning, Henry picked up two heavy buckets (桶) and walked to a faraway well ____20____ water. He poured the water into his field. Days turned into weeks. The other fields stayed dry, but Henry’s land ____21____ signs of life. Then one evening, the wind changed and it rained. The village was filled with joy, but no one felt ____22____ than Henry because now things were different for him. When harvest time came, Henry’s field was ____23____ golden grain, while others’ got little. The neighbors who once joked about the man’s act now all praised his success. The village leader said, “Henry didn’t ____24____ for luck. He tried his best to make his own luck.” There is a ____25____ we can learn from Henry: We should not give up easily while running after our dreams. 16. A. easily B. differently C. carefully 17. A. lucky B. dry C. busy 18. A. gave up B. gave back C. gave away 19. A. and B. because C. but 20. A. for B. with C. to 21. A. made B. felt C. showed 22. A. sadder B. happier C. angrier 23. A. proud of B. short of C. full of 24. A. look B. wait C. thank 25. A. story B. lesson C. joke V．阅读理解（共三节，25小题，满分45分） 第一节 阅读下面A、B、C三篇短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Time Capsules are fun to make. If you open one after many years, it will be like opening a “time machine”. But before you start, William E. Jarvis has some good tips for you. Tip 1 Choose the right container (容器) ●Don’t use paper boxes, they break easily. ●Use a stainless-steel box so that it can last over 10 years. Tip 2 Prepare proper things ●Put a letter inside. ●Do not put plants in it. ●Do not put electronic things like phones or cameras in it. Tip 3 Write your letter ●Use permanent ink to prevent fading (褪色). ●Choose paper that lasts a long time. ●Write your hopes for the future. Tip 4 Pick a safe place ●Put it under a big tree or in a corner of your yard. ●Leave a mark, like a sign, so you can find it again. ●Don’t put it in the ground, because water might get in. You will have a special time capsule. Years later, when you open it, you can look back at your old life and dreams. It will be like talking to your younger self! 26. What is a time capsule like? A. A big tree. B. A safe place. C. A time machine. D. A young child. 27. Which of the following can be put into a time capsule? A. B. C. D. 28. Why should you use special ink and paper for the letter? A. To keep the letter for a long time. B. To let others understand it easily. C. To write the letter more clearly. D. To make the letter easy to find. 29. What does the writer mainly tell us in Tip 4? A. What to write in the letter. B. How to choose a good box. C. Where to put the time capsule. D. What to put inside the capsule. 30. Where can you read this text? A. A history book. B. A fiction story. C. A science report. D. A life magazine. B Madolline Gourley is from Australia. Over the past few years, she has traveled to many cities in her country and in the U.S. A. And she has spent very little on these trips. How did she manage to do this? Well, Madolline grew up with cats and has always been a “big cat fan”. In 2017, she discovered a professional pet sitting website (宠物托管网站). She started looking on it for jobs in different cities. “As a pet sitter, you help your customers take care of their pets,” she explains. “In exchange, you get to live in their homes for free.” Madolline spends about 30 minutes a day caring for her customers’ cats. “I’m usually asked to feed the cats twice a day. I also need to change their water and clean their litter boxes (猫砂盆) every day or two,” she says. She sends her customers two or three photos or videos of their pets each day. This is to update them on how their pets are doing. Madolline will also do other simple tasks for her customers if they need it. These tasks include collecting mail and taking out the trash. The rest of the time, she is free. She can explore the city where she stays. Most of her customers are very nice. They sometimes even tell her about great places to visit. Madolline has been sharing her journeys online. Her next trip will be in Canada. And she is looking for places to stay there! 31. What does Madolline work as? A. A postman. B. A pet sitter. C. A baby sitter. D. A house cleaner. 32. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? update v. (updated, updating) ①to keep something correct ②to make something more modern ③to give someone the latest information ④to change something into a newer form A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 33. What does Madolline usually do for her customers? A. She cleans the whole house every day. B. She travels around the city with the cats. C. She takes the cats out for a walk twice a day. D. She sends photos or videos of cats to the owners. 34. If you want to travel like Madolline, which of the following should you be good at? A. Driving a car. B. Taking care of animals. C. Cooking delicious food. D. Speaking different languages. 35. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show how to travel around Australia. B. To explain how to care for cats at home. C. To describe a way to share travels online. D. To introduce a way to travel with little money. C From extreme (极端的) weather to rising sea levels, climate change has caused a lot of problems. Now, there is a new one: the Earth’s days are getting a little longer as the planet spins (旋转) more slowly. We all know the greenhouse effect. Human activities give off gases like CO2. These gases keep heat in the air, warming the planet. As a result, large amounts of ice at the North and South Poles (极) are melting. Antarctica loses about 150 billion tons of ice every year, and Greenland loses 270 billion tons. This melting ice threatens (威胁) coastal areas. But that is not the only problem. The melting ice moves Earth’s weight away from the poles and into the oceans. This affects how fast the Earth spins. Imagine a figure skater doing a spin. When she stretches out her arms, more weight is farther from her spin axis, and she spins more slowly. When she pulls her arms in, the weight moves closer, and she spins faster. The same thing happens to the Earth. As more of Earth’s weight moves away from the poles, the planet spins more slowly, making our days a little bit longer. The change in Earth’s spin is very small, but it is speeding up. Scientists say that if we do not control the gases we give off, the change will become even greater. Even so, the change will not affect our daily lives much. But it should make us think about what we are doing to our planet. If we take no action, more problems may come. 36. What is the new problem caused by climate change in Paragraph 1? A. The Earth spins faster. B. The sea level is rising. C. The Earth’s days get longer. D. The ice at the poles is melting. 37. What causes the ice at the poles to melt according to the passage? A. The Earth spins more slowly. B. The days become a little longer. C. Greenhouse gases warm the Earth. D. The weight moves away from the poles. 38. According to Paragraph 4, which skater spins faster? A. B. C. D. 39. What can we infer from the passage? A. Melting ice changes how fast the Earth spins. B. The Earth will keep spinning faster in the future. C. The change in Earth’s spin affects our daily lives greatly. D. Human activities have nothing to do with climate change. 40. What is the writer’s attitude towards the climate change problem? A. Fearful and doing nothing. B. Surprised and not believing. C. Worried and calling for action. D. Hopeful and waiting for change. 第二节 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，回答下列问题。（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） D Long ago, during the time of Emperor Yao (尧帝), the God of Water caused all the rivers to flood. The Yellow River overflowed, and the people nearby lived a hard life. Emperor Yao asked Gun (鲧) to stop the flooding. Gun led people to build dams (水坝) to block the floodwaters. But after nine years of hard work, nothing worked. Gun then went to Heaven and stole (偷) a magic soil that could grow bigger in water. Using it, he managed to control the floods, and people’s lives returned to normal. The God of Heaven was angry with Gun for stealing the magic soil. He sent another god to kill Gun and take back the soil. The floods returned overnight. But Gun’s story did not end—three years later, his son Yu was born from his belly (腹部) in the form of a dragon. Emperor Shun, a new ruler, ordered Yu to continue the work. Yu used a different way from his father’s. Instead of trying to block the water, he built channels to guide the water into the sea. When mountains stood in his way, he used his power to dig through them. Yu later married but left home four days later to continue fighting the floods. For thirteen years, he worked without a stop. At last, Yu managed all the rivers. The people respected him deeply. Emperor Shun was so impressed that he chose him to be the next ruler. Yu then became known as Yu the Great. To honor Yu the Great, the Chinese built many statues (雕塑) and temples in his name. In this way, his efforts to stop the terrible floods would never be forgotten. 41. What happened to the Yellow River during the time of Emperor Yao? ________________________________________ 42. How did Gun try to stop the floods at first? ________________________________________ 43. What method did Yu use to control the floods? ________________________________________ 44. How many years did Yu spend fighting the floods? ________________________________________ 45. What made Yu a great hero in Chinese history? ________________________________________ 第三节 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） E From ancient times, humans have always needed a way to buy and sell things. In the beginning, people used the barter (物物交换) system. For example, a cow could be traded for a horse. ____46____ However, things became more difficult as the population grew. People needed a standard unit to measure the value of things. ____47____ And it has been with us ever since. According to research, Chinese people were the first to use money. As early as 3,000 years ago, they used shells to buy things. ____48____ Then, the world’s first paper money, Jiaozi, appeared in Chengdu in 1023. In ancient Europe, money coins came into use around the 6th or 5th century BCE. Unlike the Chinese, ____49____ Around the 17th century, paper money became popular in Europe because it was easier to carry and store. In the early 19th century, the Bank of England introduced “gold-backed” paper money. ____50____ This made people feel safer because the paper money was connected to something valuable. A. Then, the era (时代) of money began. B. This system worked well for a long time. C. Europeans made their coins from gold and silver. D. People could exchange this paper money for gold or silver in the bank. E. Hundreds of years later, they started to use copper (铜) and bronze (青铜). VI．根据句意选择方框中所给的短语的适当形式填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） stick to by heart take notes be thankful for run out of 51. He learns new words ________ every day. 52. Look! The students ________ carefully in class. 53. If we keep wasting resources, we ________ them. 54. She ________ her plan and finished all her tasks on time. 55. We should ________ the love and support from our parents. VII． 根据每小题所提供的图画情景和提示词，写出一个与图画情景相符的句子。 56. always, far _____________________ 57. afford _____________________ 58. be interested in _____________________ 59. necessary _____________________ 60. while _____________________ VIII．短文填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10 分） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，要求所填的词意义准确，形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。（最多两个词） Long ago in Europe, young people learned skills by becoming apprentices (学徒). An apprentice was a boy, usually around 12 or 13 years old. He ____61____ (leave) home to live with a master and learn a skill, such as baking, ____62____ (make) shoes, or sewing clothes. Life was not easy. These boys worked all day. They helped with small ____63____ (task) like cleaning, cooking, or carrying tools. At the same time, they ____64____ (careful) watched the master and learned step by step. And guess what? They didn’t get paid! Instead, the master gave ____65____ (they) food, clothes, and a place to sleep. Most apprentices lived ____66____ the master for five to seven years. After finishing his ____67____ (train), an apprentice became a journeyman. He could travel, work for other masters, and earn money. But to become a master himself, he had to make something great—a masterpiece (杰作). ____68____ group of experts would judge (评判) it. If they liked it, he could open his own shop and teach others. Being an apprentice was hard, ____69____ it was the start of a big journey. It taught young people ____70____ (work) hard. Just like students today, they had to keep going to reach their goals. IX．书面表达（15分） 71. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike很苦恼，因为他的父母不给他买喜欢的船模。请你根据以下提示写一封回信，讲述你攒钱买电子阅读器（e-reader）的一次经历和感受，以此来鼓励他靠自己的努力早日获得船模。词数80词。 Why to buy: ◆a good tool ◆easy to carry ◆… How to save money: ◆make a budget ◆save pocket money ◆… How you feel: … 注意： （1）必须包括要点内容，应适当拓展； （2）首、尾句已给出，不计入总词数； （3）文章不得透露真实个人姓名和学校名称。 Dear Mike, I can understand your sadness. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Stick to your small goal and try your best to work for it. I’m sure you’ll get the model ship soon. Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026学年第二学期八年级校内期中适应性练习 英语学科 （满分：150分 考试时间：120分钟） 友情提示：所有答案都必须填写在答题卡相应的位置上 I．听力（共三节，20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分） 第一节 听句子听下面五个句子，从每小题所给的三幅图中选出与句子内容相符的选项。（每个句子读两遍） 1. A. B. C. 2. A. B. C. 3. A. B. C. 4. A. B. C. 5. A. B. C. 第二节 听对话听下面七段对话，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。（每段对话读两遍） 6. What advice does Sam give to Mary? A. Give a speech. B. Borrow some books. C. Find some information. 7. How long does Amy practice the violin every day? A. Half an hour. B. An hour. C. One and a half hours. 8. What are they talking about? A. Ideas for doing housework. B. Ways to get pocket money. C. Plans for after-school activities. 9. Why does the boy ride a bike to school? A. To save time. B. To keep healthy. C. To protect the environment. 听第5段对话，回答第10，11小题。 10. What color does the girl’s sister like best? A. Green. B. Blue. C. Pink. 11. How much does the girl pay for the bag? A. 158 yuan. B. 89 yuan. C. 79 yuan. 听第6段对话，回答第12，13小题。 12. How are they communicating? A. Face to face. B. On the phone. C. By email. 13. What does Mike do? A. A student. B. A worker. C. A policeman. 听第7段对话，回答第14，15小题。 14. What’s the possible relationship between them? A.Driver and passenger. B. Mother and son. C. Teacher and student. 15. Where can we stay during a lightning storm? A. Under a big tree. B. In a closed car. C. In an open field. 第三节 听独白根据所听到的内容及要求完成表格，每空一词。（独白读三遍） Secrets of Junior High Study Build good habits Develop a ________ plan from the beginning. Manage time ________ Finish your homework quickly. Sleep more than ________ hours a day. Don’t compare yourself to others Pay attention to your own ________. Don’t push yourself too much. Stay ________ Keep up with your work. Ⅱ．选择填空（共两节，10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） 从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的正确答案。（共10小题；每小题1分，共10分） 1. Confucius still learned from others ________ his late years. A. at B. on C. in 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：孔子在他晚年仍然向他人学习。 at在……时刻；on在……上面；in在……期间。根据固定搭配in one’s late years译为“在某人的晚年”符合语境，所以此处应用介词in。 2. Don’t worry about making mistakes while learning—it’s quite ________. A. strange B. normal C. harmful 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：学习时不要担心犯错——这是相当正常的。 strange奇怪的；normal正常的；harmful有害的。根据“Don’t worry about making mistakes while learning”可知，既然劝慰不要担心，说明犯错是普遍现象，即“正常的”。 3. — You can’t ________ everyone, so just be yourself. — You’re right. Being true is very important. A. trust B. satisfy C. forget 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你不能使每个人满意，所以做你自己就好。——你说得对。忠于自我非常重要。 trust信任；satisfy使满意；forget忘记。根据“so just be yourself”可知，既然要做自己，说明无法让所有人都满意，satisfy符合语境。 4. Many people don’t realize the importance of health ________ they fall ill. A. after B. when C. until 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：许多人直到生病了才意识到健康的重要性。 after在……之后；when当……时候；until直到……为止。固定搭配not...until...意为“直到……才……”。根据句中“don’t realize”可知是否定句，结合句意可知填until，表示直到生病才意识到健康的重要性。 5. —Do you want more sugar in your coffee? —No, ________ please. I’m trying to cut down. A. more B. less C. fewer 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——你想在咖啡里加更多的糖吗？——不，请少一点。我正在试图减少摄入量。 more更多的；less更少的（修饰不可数名词）；fewer更少的（修饰可数名词复数）。根据“No”以及“I’m trying to cut down.”可知想要更少的糖，sugar为不可数名词，应用less修饰。 6. —Can I ________ your dictionary to look up the new word? —Sure, here you are. A. lend B. return C. borrow 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我能借你的字典查一下这个新单词吗？——当然，给你。 lend借出；return归还；borrow借入。根据“Can I... your dictionary”及答语“here you are”可知，说话人请求从对方那里借用字典，对于主语“I”来说是“借入”，应填borrow。 7. Please ________ the wet floor, or you may fall down. A. turn off B. keep off C. get off 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：请避开湿的地板，否则你可能会摔倒。 turn off关闭；keep off避开/不接近；get off下车。根据“or you may fall down” (否则你可能会摔倒) 可知，要避开湿的地板，应填“keep off”。 8. —Dad, can I meet my online friend alone tonight? —No. It is a big ________ to your safety. A. chance B. treat C. risk 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——爸爸，我今晚可以单独去见我的网友吗？——不行。这对你的安全来说是一个很大的风险。 chance机会；treat款待；risk风险。根据网络安全常识，单独见网友存在安全隐患，risk符合语境。 9. — I plan to stay up to finish this game. — ________. You know health comes first. A. Step forward B. Think twice C. Take action 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：——我计划熬夜通关这个游戏。——三思。你知道健康第一。 Step forward向前走；Think twice三思，慎重考虑；Take action采取行动。根据答语后句“You know health comes first.”可知，说话人认为熬夜不利于健康，劝对方要慎重考虑，应填Think twice。 10. —What a cool model car! Could you tell me ________? —Sorry, I can’t remember the exact cost. A. where you bought it B. who gave it to you C. how much you paid for it 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：——多么酷的汽车模型啊！你能告诉我你花了多少钱买的吗？——对不起，我不记得确切的价格了。 根据答语“Sorry, I can’t remember the exact cost.”可知，回答者不记得确切花费，推测问句是在询问价格，应用how much引导宾语从句。 Ⅲ．根据对话内容，从下面选项中选出恰当的句子补全对话，有两个选项是多余的。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） Li Lei: Helen, you always get good grades in English. ____11____ Helen: Sure! I think good learning habits are very important. Li Lei: ____12____ Helen: I usually take careful notes in class and review them every evening. Li Lei: That’s helpful. ____13____ Helen: Yes, I also try to speak English as much as possible, both in and after class. Li Lei: I’m too shy to speak in public. ____14____ Helen: Don’t worry. You can start with small things, like talking with your deskmate in English for 5 minutes every day. Li Lei: ____15____ I’ll try it from tomorrow. Helen: That’s great! I believe you will make progress soon. A. What do you think is the most important for learning English? B. Can you share some of your learning habits with me? C. What good habits do you have? D. Do you have any other good ideas? E. What should I do to improve my spoken English? F. How long have you been learning English? G. That sounds easy and useful. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 14. E 15. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一段关于英语学习方法的对话，Li Lei向Helen请教英语学习的经验，Helen分享了自己的学习习惯和提升口语的方法。 【11题详解】 根据Li Lei说的“Helen, you always get good grades in English.”以及Helen的回应“Sure! I think good learning habits are very important.”可知，此处Li Lei是在请求Helen分享学习方法，B项“Can you share some of your learning habits with me?（你能和我分享一些你的学习习惯吗？）”衔接下文。 【12题详解】 根据Helen的回答“I usually take careful notes in class and review them every evening.”可知，此处Li Lei是在询问Helen有哪些好的学习习惯，C项“What good habits do you have?（你有哪些好的习惯？）”引出下文。 【13题详解】 根据Helen的回应“Yes, I also try to speak English as much as possible, both in and after class.”可知，此处Li Lei是在询问Helen是否还有其他好方法，D项“Do you have any other good ideas?（你还有其他好方法吗？）”自然过渡。 【14题详解】 根据Li Lei说的“I’m too shy to speak in public.”以及Helen的回应“Don’t worry. You can start with small things, like talking with your deskmate in English for 5 minutes every day.”可知，此处Li Lei是在询问如何提升口语，E项“What should I do to improve my spoken English?（我该怎么做才能提高英语口语？）”符合语境。 【15题详解】 根据Helen给出的建议以及Li Lei的回应“I’ll try it from tomorrow.”可知，此处Li Lei是对建议表示认可，G项“That sounds easy and useful.（这听起来既简单又实用)”符合逻辑。 Ⅳ．完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分） 从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案。 In a quiet village, there lived a farmer named Henry. He believed that only hard work could bring a good harvest (收成). However, his neighbors saw things ____16____. They thought luck was the most important thing. Many of them didn’t pay much attention to their fields, hoping that the ____17____ season would save them. They often joked about Henry’s actions, but Henry did not mind. He knew that land only ____18____ what you put into it—effort, care, and patience. One year, the fields were cracked (有裂纹的) and dusty under the burning (强烈的) sun. Many farmers gave up, ____19____ Henry didn’t. Every morning, Henry picked up two heavy buckets (桶) and walked to a faraway well ____20____ water. He poured the water into his field. Days turned into weeks. The other fields stayed dry, but Henry’s land ____21____ signs of life. Then one evening, the wind changed and it rained. The village was filled with joy, but no one felt ____22____ than Henry because now things were different for him. When harvest time came, Henry’s field was ____23____ golden grain, while others’ got little. The neighbors who once joked about the man’s act now all praised his success. The village leader said, “Henry didn’t ____24____ for luck. He tried his best to make his own luck.” There is a ____25____ we can learn from Henry: We should not give up easily while running after our dreams. 16. A. easily B. differently C. carefully 17. A. lucky B. dry C. busy 18. A. gave up B. gave back C. gave away 19. A. and B. because C. but 20. A. for B. with C. to 21. A. made B. felt C. showed 22. A. sadder B. happier C. angrier 23. A. proud of B. short of C. full of 24. A. look B. wait C. thank 25. A. story B. lesson C. joke 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. C 22. B 23. C 24. B 25. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了农民Henry和邻居们对待耕种的不同态度：邻居们迷信运气、疏于劳作，而Henry坚持努力、用心照料田地，最终在旱灾中获得丰收，告诉我们“努力创造自己的运气，不要轻易放弃”的道理。 【16题详解】 句意：然而，他的邻居们看待事情的方式不同。 前文提到Henry认为只有努力才能有好收成，后文说邻居们觉得运气才是最重要的，可见二者观点相反，differently“不同地”符合语境。easily“容易地”、carefully“仔细地”均无法体现二者的观点差异。 【17题详解】 句意：他们中的许多人不太关注自己的田地，希望幸运的季节能拯救它们。 根据前文“they thought luck was the most important thing（他们认为运气是最重要的）”可知，邻居们寄希望于运气，应选用lucky“幸运的”，dry“干燥的”、busy“忙碌的”与上下文“迷信运气”的语境无关。 【18题详解】 句意：他知道土地只会回报你投入其中的东西——努力、关心和耐心。 根据前文Henry相信努力才有收获，可知此处表达土地会回报付出，gave back“回报”符合语境，gave up“放弃”、gave away“赠送”均与土地和付出的关系无关。 【19题详解】 句意：许多农民放弃了，但Henry没有。 前文说“Many farmers gave up（许多农民放弃了）”，后文说“Henry didn’t（Henry 没有）”，二者是转折关系，but“但是”符合语境，and“和”表并列、because“因为”表原因，均无法体现转折逻辑。 【20题详解】 句意：每天早上，Henry都会挑两个沉重的桶，走到一个很远的井边打水。 此处表达Henry去井边的目的是取水，用介词for表示目的，符合语境，with“和……一起”、to“到”均无法表达“为了取水”的目的。 【21题详解】 句意：其他田地依然干涸，但Henry的土地呈现出生机。 前文说Henry坚持挑水浇田，后文说下雨后他的田地有了收获，可见此处是说他的土地展现出生机，showed“展现、呈现”符合语境，made“制作”、felt“感觉”均与“田地呈现生机”的语境不符。 【22题详解】 句意：村子里充满了喜悦，但没有人比Henry更开心，因为现在情况对他来说不一样了。 Henry一直坚持努力，而邻居们都放弃了，所以下雨时他的心情比任何人都更喜悦，happier“更开心的”符合语境，sadder“更难过的”、angrier“更生气的”与上下文“喜悦”的氛围矛盾。 【23题详解】 句意：收获时节到来时，Henry的田里满是金黄的谷物，而其他人的收成很少。 根据后文“while others’ got little（而其他人的收成很少）”，可知Henry的田地收成很好，full of “充满”符合语境，proud of“为……骄傲”、short of“缺少”均与“丰收”的语境不符。 【24题详解】 句意：村长说：“Henry没有等待运气。他尽自己最大的努力创造自己的运气。” 根据前文邻居们“hoping that the lucky season would save them（等待幸运的季节拯救他们）”，而Henry一直在努力，可知他没有等待运气，wait for“等待”符合语境，look for“寻找”、thank for“感谢”均与“Henry不迷信运气、靠自己努力”的语境不符。 【25题详解】 句意：我们可以从Henry身上学到一个启示：在追求梦想的过程中，我们不应该轻易放弃。 后文是从Henry的故事中得到的道理，lesson“教训、启示”符合语境，story“故事”、joke“玩笑”均不合语境。 V．阅读理解（共三节，25小题，满分45分） 第一节 阅读下面A、B、C三篇短文，根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳答案。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Time Capsules are fun to make. If you open one after many years, it will be like opening a “time machine”. But before you start, William E. Jarvis has some good tips for you. Tip 1 Choose the right container (容器) ●Don’t use paper boxes, they break easily. ●Use a stainless-steel box so that it can last over 10 years. Tip 2 Prepare proper things ●Put a letter inside. ●Do not put plants in it. ●Do not put electronic things like phones or cameras in it. Tip 3 Write your letter ●Use permanent ink to prevent fading (褪色). ●Choose paper that lasts a long time. ●Write your hopes for the future. Tip 4 Pick a safe place ●Put it under a big tree or in a corner of your yard. ●Leave a mark, like a sign, so you can find it again. ●Don’t put it in the ground, because water might get in. You will have a special time capsule. Years later, when you open it, you can look back at your old life and dreams. It will be like talking to your younger self! 26. What is a time capsule like? A. A big tree. B. A safe place. C. A time machine. D. A young child. 27. Which of the following can be put into a time capsule? A. B. C. D. 28. Why should you use special ink and paper for the letter? A. To keep the letter for a long time. B. To let others understand it easily. C. To write the letter more clearly. D. To make the letter easy to find. 29. What does the writer mainly tell us in Tip 4? A. What to write in the letter. B. How to choose a good box. C. Where to put the time capsule. D. What to put inside the capsule. 30. Where can you read this text? A. A history book. B. A fiction story. C. A science report. D. A life magazine. 【答案】26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了制作时间胶囊的实用建议，从容器选择、物品准备、信件书写到存放地点给出了具体指导，同时说明了时间胶囊的意义。 【26题详解】 文章开头“If you open one after many years, it will be like opening a ‘time machine’.”表明时间胶囊就像一台“时光机”。 【27题详解】 Tip 2中“Put a letter inside. Do not put plants in it. Do not put electronic things like phones or cameras in it.”指出只有信件可以放入，植物、相机、手机都不可以。 【28题详解】 Tip 3中“Use permanent ink to prevent fading. Choose paper that lasts a long time.指出使用特殊墨水和纸张是为了防止褪色、让信件能保存很长时间。 【29题详解】 Tip 4的标题是“Pick a safe place”，内容围绕“把时间胶囊放在大树下、院子角落，做标记，不要埋在地下”展开，主要介绍了时间胶囊的存放地点。 【30题详解】 文章介绍的是制作时间胶囊的生活实用建议，这类内容常见于生活杂志，历史书、科幻小说、科学报告都不符合文本类型。 B Madolline Gourley is from Australia. Over the past few years, she has traveled to many cities in her country and in the U.S. A. And she has spent very little on these trips. How did she manage to do this? Well, Madolline grew up with cats and has always been a “big cat fan”. In 2017, she discovered a professional pet sitting website (宠物托管网站). She started looking on it for jobs in different cities. “As a pet sitter, you help your customers take care of their pets,” she explains. “In exchange, you get to live in their homes for free.” Madolline spends about 30 minutes a day caring for her customers’ cats. “I’m usually asked to feed the cats twice a day. I also need to change their water and clean their litter boxes (猫砂盆) every day or two,” she says. She sends her customers two or three photos or videos of their pets each day. This is to update them on how their pets are doing. Madolline will also do other simple tasks for her customers if they need it. These tasks include collecting mail and taking out the trash. The rest of the time, she is free. She can explore the city where she stays. Most of her customers are very nice. They sometimes even tell her about great places to visit. Madolline has been sharing her journeys online. Her next trip will be in Canada. And she is looking for places to stay there! 31. What does Madolline work as? A. A postman. B. A pet sitter. C. A baby sitter. D. A house cleaner. 32. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 3 most probably mean? update v. (updated, updating) ①to keep something correct ②to make something more modern ③to give someone the latest information ④to change something into a newer form A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④ 33. What does Madolline usually do for her customers? A. She cleans the whole house every day. B. She travels around the city with the cats. C. She takes the cats out for a walk twice a day. D. She sends photos or videos of cats to the owners. 34. If you want to travel like Madolline, which of the following should you be good at? A. Driving a car. B. Taking care of animals. C. Cooking delicious food. D. Speaking different languages. 35. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show how to travel around Australia. B. To explain how to care for cats at home. C. To describe a way to share travels online. D. To introduce a way to travel with little money. 【答案】31. B 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了澳大利亚人Madolline Gourley通过宠物托管网站以极低成本旅行的经历。 【31题详解】 文章第二段明确提到“As a pet sitter, you help your customers take care of their pets”，并说明她通过宠物托管网站寻找工作。因此她的身份是宠物看护员。 【32题详解】 文中该句为“This is to update them on how their pets are doing.”，意为“这是为了更新他们宠物的状况”。前文提到她每天给客户发送宠物照片或视频，目的是让客户知晓宠物的最新情况。选项中①“保持正确”、②“使其更现代”、④“更新成更新形式”均不符合语境，③“给某人最新信息”最为贴切。故答案为C。 【33题详解】 第三段明确指出“She sends her customers two or three photos or videos of their pets each day.”，即每天发送宠物照片或视频。 【34题详解】 全文核心内容是Madolline通过照顾猫获得免费住宿，从而低成本旅行。因此，擅长照顾动物是前提条件。 【35题详解】 文章开头提出Madolline可以花费很少完成旅行，随后介绍了她实现低花费旅行的方法，因此本文的主要目的是介绍一种少花钱旅行的方式。 C From extreme (极端的) weather to rising sea levels, climate change has caused a lot of problems. Now, there is a new one: the Earth’s days are getting a little longer as the planet spins (旋转) more slowly. We all know the greenhouse effect. Human activities give off gases like CO2. These gases keep heat in the air, warming the planet. As a result, large amounts of ice at the North and South Poles (极) are melting. Antarctica loses about 150 billion tons of ice every year, and Greenland loses 270 billion tons. This melting ice threatens (威胁) coastal areas. But that is not the only problem. The melting ice moves Earth’s weight away from the poles and into the oceans. This affects how fast the Earth spins. Imagine a figure skater doing a spin. When she stretches out her arms, more weight is farther from her spin axis, and she spins more slowly. When she pulls her arms in, the weight moves closer, and she spins faster. The same thing happens to the Earth. As more of Earth’s weight moves away from the poles, the planet spins more slowly, making our days a little bit longer. The change in Earth’s spin is very small, but it is speeding up. Scientists say that if we do not control the gases we give off, the change will become even greater. Even so, the change will not affect our daily lives much. But it should make us think about what we are doing to our planet. If we take no action, more problems may come. 36. What is the new problem caused by climate change in Paragraph 1? A. The Earth spins faster. B. The sea level is rising. C. The Earth’s days get longer. D. The ice at the poles is melting. 37. What causes the ice at the poles to melt according to the passage? A. The Earth spins more slowly. B. The days become a little longer. C. Greenhouse gases warm the Earth. D. The weight moves away from the poles. 38. According to Paragraph 4, which skater spins faster? A. B. C. D. 39. What can we infer from the passage? A. Melting ice changes how fast the Earth spins. B. The Earth will keep spinning faster in the future. C. The change in Earth’s spin affects our daily lives greatly. D. Human activities have nothing to do with climate change. 40. What is the writer’s attitude towards the climate change problem? A. Fearful and doing nothing. B. Surprised and not believing. C. Worried and calling for action. D. Hopeful and waiting for change. 【答案】36. C 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了气候变化导致地球自转变慢、白天变长的新问题，分析了温室气体使极地冰层融化、融化后的水改变地球重量分布、进而影响自转速度的科学原理，并以花样滑冰运动员为类比进行解释，最后指出变化虽小但应引起人类对自身行为的反思。 【36题详解】 第一段明确指出气候变暖导致了一个新问题：“the Earth’s days are getting a little longer”。因此答案为C。 【37题详解】 第二段说明人类活动排放CO₂等气体，这些气体导致温室效应，使地球变暖，进而导致极地冰层融化。因此答案为C。 【38题详解】 第四段以花样滑冰运动员为例：当手臂收回时，重量靠近转轴，旋转速度更快。故选A。 【39题详解】 第三段明确说“melting ice affects how fast the Earth spins”，且全文逻辑支持这一因果关系。因此答案为A。B项与原文“spin more slowly”矛盾；C项与最后一段“will not affect our daily lives much”矛盾；D项与全文观点相反。 【40题详解】 最后一段作者指出变化虽小但应引起思考，并说“If we take no action, more problems may come”，体现出担忧并呼吁行动的态度。因此答案为C。 第二节 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，回答下列问题。（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） D Long ago, during the time of Emperor Yao (尧帝), the God of Water caused all the rivers to flood. The Yellow River overflowed, and the people nearby lived a hard life. Emperor Yao asked Gun (鲧) to stop the flooding. Gun led people to build dams (水坝) to block the floodwaters. But after nine years of hard work, nothing worked. Gun then went to Heaven and stole (偷) a magic soil that could grow bigger in water. Using it, he managed to control the floods, and people’s lives returned to normal. The God of Heaven was angry with Gun for stealing the magic soil. He sent another god to kill Gun and take back the soil. The floods returned overnight. But Gun’s story did not end—three years later, his son Yu was born from his belly (腹部) in the form of a dragon. Emperor Shun, a new ruler, ordered Yu to continue the work. Yu used a different way from his father’s. Instead of trying to block the water, he built channels to guide the water into the sea. When mountains stood in his way, he used his power to dig through them. Yu later married but left home four days later to continue fighting the floods. For thirteen years, he worked without a stop. At last, Yu managed all the rivers. The people respected him deeply. Emperor Shun was so impressed that he chose him to be the next ruler. Yu then became known as Yu the Great. To honor Yu the Great, the Chinese built many statues (雕塑) and temples in his name. In this way, his efforts to stop the terrible floods would never be forgotten. 41. What happened to the Yellow River during the time of Emperor Yao? ________________________________________ 42. How did Gun try to stop the floods at first? ________________________________________ 43. What method did Yu use to control the floods? ________________________________________ 44. How many years did Yu spend fighting the floods? ________________________________________ 45. What made Yu a great hero in Chinese history? ________________________________________ 【答案】41. The Yellow River overflowed, and the people nearby lived a hard life. 42. He led people to build dams to block the floodwaters. 43. He built channels to guide the water into the sea and dug through mountains in his way instead of blocking the water. 44. He spent thirteen years fighting the floods. 45. He successfully controlled the floods by guiding water into the sea instead of blocking it, worked for 13 years without stopping, and saved people from the disaster. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国古代神话中“大禹治水”的故事，介绍了鲧和大禹父子两代治理洪水的不同方法，以及大禹治水的功绩和后世对他的纪念。 【41题详解】 根据第一段中“The Yellow River overflowed, and the people nearby lived a hard life.”可知，尧帝时期黄河泛滥，附近的百姓生活艰难。答案为原文直接引述。 【42题详解】 根据第二段中“Gun led people to build dams to block the floodwaters.”可知，鲧一开始带领人们修建水坝来阻挡洪水。答案为原文答案直接提取。 【43题详解】 根据第四段中“Instead of trying to block the water, he built channels to guide the water into the sea. When mountains stood in his way, he used his power to dig through them.”可知，大禹没有堵截洪水，而是修建河道引导洪水流入大海，遇到挡路的山就用力量凿穿。适当整合原文信息即可。 【44题详解】 根据第五段中“For thirteen years, he worked without a stop.”可知，大禹花了十三年时间治理洪水。答案为原文具体时间信息。 【45题详解】 这是一道半开放性的主旨理解题，可以结合原文信息作答。根据全文内容，尤其是“At last, Yu managed all the rivers. The people respected him deeply.”和最后一段中“To honor Yu the Great, the Chinese built many statues and temples in his name. In this way, his efforts to stop the terrible floods would never be forgotten.”可知，他用疏导的方法成功治理了洪水，十三年间坚持不懈、为民造福的功绩，让他成为伟大英雄。总结原文信息，合理作答即可。 第三节 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分） E From ancient times, humans have always needed a way to buy and sell things. In the beginning, people used the barter (物物交换) system. For example, a cow could be traded for a horse. ____46____ However, things became more difficult as the population grew. People needed a standard unit to measure the value of things. ____47____ And it has been with us ever since. According to research, Chinese people were the first to use money. As early as 3,000 years ago, they used shells to buy things. ____48____ Then, the world’s first paper money, Jiaozi, appeared in Chengdu in 1023. In ancient Europe, money coins came into use around the 6th or 5th century BCE. Unlike the Chinese, ____49____ Around the 17th century, paper money became popular in Europe because it was easier to carry and store. In the early 19th century, the Bank of England introduced “gold-backed” paper money. ____50____ This made people feel safer because the paper money was connected to something valuable. A. Then, the era (时代) of money began. B. This system worked well for a long time. C. Europeans made their coins from gold and silver. D. People could exchange this paper money for gold or silver in the bank. E. Hundreds of years later, they started to use copper (铜) and bronze (青铜). 【答案】46. B 47. A 48. E 49. C 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文按时间顺序介绍了货币从物物交换到现代纸币的发展历程。 【46题详解】 空前提到物物交换体系，空后转折说人口增长后物物交换出现问题，故空处应是指这种交换方式一开始是可行的，B项“This system worked well for a long time.”承接了前文对“物物交换”的介绍，说明其早期的可行性，为后文的转折做铺垫，逻辑衔接自然。 【47题详解】 前文人们需要一个标准单位来衡量物品的价值，后面说从那之后就一直伴随着我们，空处应是引出货币的诞生，A项“Then, the era (时代) of money began.”回应了前文“需要标准单位”的需求，引出货币这一标准交易媒介，同时与后文的“ever since”相呼应。 【48题详解】 本段介绍中国货币发展，从最早的贝壳到后来的交子，E项“Hundreds of years later, they started to use copper (铜) and bronze (青铜).”补充了中国货币形式从贝壳到金属币的演变过程，与前后文的时间线一致，展现了货币的发展。 【49题详解】 本段介绍欧洲古代货币，C项“Europeans made their coins from gold and silver.”承接了前文对“欧洲硬币”的介绍，对比了中西方早期货币材料的差异，逻辑连贯。 【50题详解】 空前提到英格兰银行推出了“金本位纸币”，此处应解释该纸币的运作方式，D项“People could exchange this paper money for gold or silver in the bank.”解释了“金本位纸币”的含义，同时呼应了后文的“connected to something valuable”，逻辑清晰。 VI．根据句意选择方框中所给的短语的适当形式填空（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） stick to by heart take notes be thankful for run out of 51. He learns new words ________ every day. 52. Look! The students ________ carefully in class. 53. If we keep wasting resources, we ________ them. 54. She ________ her plan and finished all her tasks on time. 55. We should ________ the love and support from our parents. 【答案】51. by heart 52. are taking notes 53. will run out of 54. stuck to 55. be thankful for 【解析】 【51题详解】 句意：他每天熟记新单词。此处需要一个短语修饰动词短语learns new words，表示学习的方式。结合“学习新单词”的语境，learn...by heart意为“熟记……”，符合句意。 【52题详解】 句意：看！学生们正在课堂上认真记笔记。“Look!”是现在进行时的标志，句子需用“be+现在分词”结构。结合“课堂上的行为”，“take notes（记笔记）”符合语境，主语students是复数，be动词用are，take变为现在分词taking。 【53题详解】 句意：如果我们继续浪费资源，我们将会耗尽它们。if引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时。结合“浪费资源将会耗尽资源”的逻辑，“run out of（用完、耗尽）”符合语境，其一般将来时形式为will run out of。 【54题详解】 句意：她坚持自己的计划，按时完成了所有任务。句子由and连接并列谓语，后半句finished是过去式，前半句也需用一般过去时。结合“按计划完成任务”的语境，“stick to（坚持）”符合句意，其过去式为stuck to。 【55题详解】 句意：我们应该对父母的爱和支持心存感激。should后接动词原形，结合语境“对父母的爱与支持的态度”，“be thankful for（对……心存感激）”符合句意，用原形即可。 VII． 根据每小题所提供的图画情景和提示词，写出一个与图画情景相符的句子。 56. always, far _____________________ 57. afford _____________________ 58. be interested in _____________________ 59. necessary _____________________ 60. while _____________________ 【答案】56. Tom always jumps farther than Bob. 57. The girl can’t afford the shirt. 58. She is interested in keeping a diary. 59. It is necessary to keep quiet in the library. 60. The girl is watering flowers while the boy is reading a newspaper. 【解析】 【56题详解】 根据图片和提示词，可知本句应表达为“Tom总是比Bob跳得远”。本句是主谓结构，时态为一般现在时，主语是Tom，谓语是jumps（第三人称单数形式），“far”需要使用比较级farther，“always”是频率副词，作状语，“than Bob”是比较对象。完整句子为：Tom always jumps farther than Bob. 【57题详解】 根据图片和提示词，可知本句应表达为“这个女孩买不起这件衬衫”。本句是主谓宾结构，主语是The girl，谓语是can’t afford（情态动词 + 动词原形），宾语是the shirt。完整句子为：The girl can’t afford the shirt. 【58题详解】 根据图片和提示词，可知本句应表达为“她对写日记感兴趣”。本句是主谓结构，时态为一般现在时，主语是She，“be interested in”后接动名词，所以“keep”要变为keeping，宾语是a diary。完整句子为：She is interested in keeping a diary. 【59题详解】 根据图片和提示词，可知本句应表达为“在图书馆保持安静是必要的”。本句用句型“It is necessary to do sth.”，其中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to keep quiet in the library”。完整句子为：It is necessary to keep quiet in the library. 【60题详解】 根据图片和提示词，可知本句应表达为“女孩在浇花，而男孩在看报纸”。本句是由while引导的时间状语从句，主从句都使用现在进行时（be + 现在分词），主语分别是The girl和the boy，谓语分别是is watering和is reading，宾语分别是flowers和a newspaper。完整句子为：The girl is watering flowers while the boy is reading a newspaper. VIII．短文填词（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10 分） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，要求所填的词意义准确，形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。（最多两个词） Long ago in Europe, young people learned skills by becoming apprentices (学徒). An apprentice was a boy, usually around 12 or 13 years old. He ____61____ (leave) home to live with a master and learn a skill, such as baking, ____62____ (make) shoes, or sewing clothes. Life was not easy. These boys worked all day. They helped with small ____63____ (task) like cleaning, cooking, or carrying tools. At the same time, they ____64____ (careful) watched the master and learned step by step. And guess what? They didn’t get paid! Instead, the master gave ____65____ (they) food, clothes, and a place to sleep. Most apprentices lived ____66____ the master for five to seven years. After finishing his ____67____ (train), an apprentice became a journeyman. He could travel, work for other masters, and earn money. But to become a master himself, he had to make something great—a masterpiece (杰作). ____68____ group of experts would judge (评判) it. If they liked it, he could open his own shop and teach others. Being an apprentice was hard, ____69____ it was the start of a big journey. It taught young people ____70____ (work) hard. Just like students today, they had to keep going to reach their goals. 【答案】61. left 62. making 63. tasks 64. carefully 65. them 66. with 67. training 68. A 69. but 70. to work 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了古代欧洲学徒制度的相关内容，讲述了学徒的生活、学习过程以及从学徒到熟练工再到师傅的成长历程。 【61题详解】 句意：他离开家，和师傅一起生活并学习一门手艺，比如烘焙、制鞋或缝纫衣服。根据上下文的“Long ago”和一般过去时的语境，此处需要动词过去式作谓语，leave应变为过去式left。 【62题详解】 句意：他离开家，和师傅一起生活并学习一门手艺，比如烘焙、制鞋或缝纫衣服。此处需要动名词形式，与前面的baking、后面的sewing构成并列结构，共同作为介词such as的宾语，因此动词make需变为动名词making。 【63题详解】 句意：他们帮忙做一些小任务，比如打扫、做饭或搬运工具。此处需要名词复数。task是可数名词，根据后文列举的多个任务（打扫、做饭、搬运工具），可知应用复数形式tasks。 【64题详解】 句意：同时，他们仔细观察师傅，一步步学习。此处需要副词修饰动词watched，表示“观察”的方式，因此形容词careful需变为副词carefully。 【65题详解】 句意：相反，师傅给他们食物、衣服和睡觉的地方。此处需要人称代词宾格作动词give的宾语，指代前文的学徒们，因此主格they需变为宾格them。 【66题详解】 句意：大多数学徒和师傅一起生活五到七年。此处需要介词，结合语境“和……一起生活”，使用搭配live with，故填with。 【67题详解】 句意：完成他的培训后，学徒就成为了熟练工。此处需要名词作finishing的宾语，表示“培训、训练”，因此动词train需变为名词training。 【68题详解】 句意：一组专家会评判它。此处需要不定冠词修饰名词短语group of experts。group以辅音音素开头，故填A（句首首字母大写）。 【69题详解】 句意：当学徒很辛苦，但这是一段伟大旅程的开始。此处需要连词表示转折关系，结合前后句“辛苦”和“旅程的开始”的逻辑对比，故填but。 【70题详解】 句意：它教会年轻人努力工作。teach sb. to do sth.意为“教某人做某事”，此处需要动词不定式，故填to work。 IX．书面表达（15分） 71. 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友Mike很苦恼，因为他的父母不给他买喜欢的船模。请你根据以下提示写一封回信，讲述你攒钱买电子阅读器（e-reader）的一次经历和感受，以此来鼓励他靠自己的努力早日获得船模。词数80词。 Why to buy: ◆a good tool ◆easy to carry ◆… How to save money: ◆make a budget ◆save pocket money ◆… How you feel: … 注意： （1）必须包括要点内容，应适当拓展； （2）首、尾句已给出，不计入总词数； （3）文章不得透露真实个人姓名和学校名称。 Dear Mike, I can understand your sadness. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Stick to your small goal and try your best to work for it. I’m sure you’ll get the model ship soon. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Mike, I can understand your sadness. I once saved up for an e-reader by myself. I wanted an e-reader for three reasons. First, it is a good tool for reading. Second, it is easy to carry anywhere. Third, it helps protect my eyes from phone screens. To save money, I made a weekly budget and saved all my pocket money. I also did housework to earn extra money and gave up snacks for two months. Finally, I got the e-reader. I felt very proud because I achieved it through my own hard work. Stick to your small goal and try your best to work for it. I’m sure you’ll get the model ship soon. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 文体：书信体记叙文（以一般过去时为主，辅以一般现在时）。 明确要点：攒钱买电子阅读器的经历（原因、方法）、感受、鼓励对方。 确定人称：第一人称（I/my）。 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称。 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构（首尾句已给出）： 开头承接句：引出自身攒钱经历。 主体段：分别说明购买原因（三点）和攒钱方法（四点）。 结尾前承接句：表达获得后的感受。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：买电子阅读器的原因（Why to buy） 具体理由：a good tool for reading/easy to carry anywhere/helps protect my eyes from phone screens等 拓展表达：convenient to use/lightweight and portable等 要点二：攒钱的方法（How to save money） 具体做法：make a weekly budget/save all my pocket money/do housework to earn extra money/give up snacks等 拓展表达：cut down on unnecessary expenses/do part-time jobs等 要点三：自己的感受（How you feel） 情感表达：felt very proud/achieved it through my own hard work/learned the value of effort等 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $