Unit 6 Crossing Cultures (Section A) 核心知识点精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语Unit 6 Crossing Cultures（Section A）复习讲义通过思维导图构建知识体系，以表格梳理38个重点短语（如shake hands、table manners），分模块解析核心词汇（如shake、embarrassed的拓展与搭配）和重难句型（如so...that...、unless引导从句），清晰呈现文化差异主题下语言知识的内在联系与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“随学随练+综合过关”的分层设计，随学随练如hug的适当形式填空即时巩固词汇，知识过关练习含翻译句子（如“在公共场合大声打电话是不礼貌的”）等题型，培养语言能力与文化意识。通过对比embarrassed/embarrassing等易混词、解析unless与if的转换提升思维品质，支持学生自主复习，助力教师实施精准分层教学。

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 核心知识点精讲 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. shake hands 握手 2. bump fists 碰拳 3. rub noses 碰鼻礼；蹭鼻子 4. kiss on the cheek 亲吻脸颊 5. greet people 问候他人；与人打招呼 6. offer you some tea 给你提供一些茶(offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物) 7. press their palms together 双手合十 8. What’s wrong? 怎么了？；出什么事了？ 9. table manners 餐桌礼仪 10. so...that... 如此… 以至于… 11. a little worried 有点担心 12. bring a small gift 带一份小礼物 13. remember to do 记得去做某事 14. wait for 等待 15. Good to know! 还好知道了！；了解了！ 16. the proper way to do... 做… 的恰当方式 17. a knife and fork 一副刀叉 18. get confused 感到困惑 19. most importantly 最重要的是 20. enjoy oneself 玩得开心 21. sit up 坐直 22. keep...off... 使不碰到；使避开 23. stand up 站起来 24. reach for 伸手去拿 25. pass you the dish 把盘子递给你 26. serving chopsticks 公筷 27. shared dishes 共享菜品；共食菜肴 28. one another 互相；彼此 29. take off 脱下；起飞 30. as soon as 一… 就… 31. expect sb. to do 期待 / 要求某人做某事 32. on time 准时 33. stick... into... 把… 插进… 里 34. invite sb. to do... 邀请某人做某事 35. culture shock 文化冲击 36. different from 与…不同 37. one’s own 某人自己的 38. for example 例如 39. get off 下车；离开 40. even though 即使；虽然 41. plenty of 大量的；充足的 42. personal space 个人空间 43. stand close to 靠近…站立 44. be used to 习惯于… 45. discover culture differences 发现文化差异 2、 重点词汇解析 1. shake /ʃeɪk/ v. 与(某人)握手；摇动；颤抖，发抖；n.摇动；颤抖，发抖；奶昔 [词汇拓展] <过去式> shook/ʃʊk/；<过去分词> shaken/ˈʃeɪkən/；<动词-ing>shaking [词汇搭配] shake hands 握手；shake one’s head 摇头；shake...off 去除，摆脱；milk shake奶昔 [词汇例句] 写出下列句子中shake的中文意思 (1) Shake the bottle well before use. (2) Do people in Italy shake hands when they meet? (3) I can't seem to shake off this cold. (4) He was shaking with fear. (5) Alice ordered a strawberry shake. 2. hug /hʌg/ v. & n. 拥抱；抱紧 [词汇拓展] <过去式>hugged；<过去分词>hugged；<动词-ing> hugging [词汇搭配] hug each other 相互拥抱；bear hug 熊抱；紧紧的拥抱 [词汇例句] She sat in the chair, hugging her knees. 她双臂抱膝坐在椅子上。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) When she heard the good news, she ________ (hug) her best friend for joy. (2) People in western countries often greet their friends with a ________. (hug) (3) In some cultures, people greet close friends by ________ (hug) each other. 3. embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的   [词汇拓展] embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adj. 使人难堪的；embarrass(v.)使尴尬 embarrassment(n.)尴尬 [词汇搭配] be embarrassed about/at... 对...感到尴尬；a bit embarrassed有点儿尴尬 [词汇用法] · embarrass用作动词，表示“使...尴尬”。 Her questions about my private life embarrassed me. 她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。 · embarrassed 用作形容词，表示“感到尴尬的”，一般用来描述人的感受。 He felt embarrassed at being the centre of attention. 他因自己成为众人注目的中心而感到很尴尬。 · embarrassing用作形容词，表示“使人感到尴尬的”，用来描述事物的特征或属性，有时也用于描述人的特征。 He didn’t know what to do when facing such an embarrassing situation.面对如此尴尬的情况，他不知道做什么。 · embarrassment用作名词，表示“尴尬”。 [随学随练] 用embarrass的适当形式填空 (1) He looked a bit . (2) I nearly died of when he said that. (3) That was an situation for me. (4) I didn't want to him by kissing him in front of his friends. 4. confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的   [词汇拓展] confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的；confuse(v.)使困惑 confusion(n.)困惑；confusedly(adv.)困惑地 [词汇搭配] be confused about对...很困惑 [词汇用法] · confuse用作动词，表示“使...困惑”。 Your performance really confused me. 你的表现让我很困惑。 · confused 用作形容词，表示“感到困惑的”，一般用来描述人的感受。 People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.人们如今被那些五花八门的食 物标签搞得稀里糊涂。 · confusing用作形容词，表示“使人感到困惑的”，用来描述事物的特征或属性，有时也用于描述人的特征。 It was really a very confusing experience. 这真是让人莫名其妙的经历。 · confusion用作名词，表示“困惑”。 I fell into confusion.我陷入了困惑。 [随学随练] 用confuse的适当形式填空 (1) There is some about the new rules. (2) The instructions on the box are very . (3) I'm ─say all that again. (4) His words me. I really couldn’t understand what he meant. 5. formal /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的   [词汇拓展] informal(adj.)不正式的，非正式的；formally(adv.)正式地 [词汇搭配] a formal letter of apology正式的道歉信 [词汇例句] She has a very formal manner, which can seem unfriendly.她的举止很是郑重其事，有可能会显得不友好。 [随学随练] 单项填空 You need to wear ________ clothes for the job interview. A．uncommon B．formal C．simple D．dirty 6. uncommon /ʌnˈkɒmən/ adj. 罕见的；不寻常的   [词汇拓展] common(adj.)常见的，普通的；unusual(adj.)不寻常的，特别的 uncommonly(adv.)极其，非凡地 [词汇例句] It is not uncommon for college students to live at home.大学生住在家里并不少见。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —In China, it’s ________ to see people greet each other with a hug. A handshake is the usual way here. —Yes, I noticed that. In my country, hugging is quite normal between friends. A．unhealthy B．uncommon C．impossible D．impolite 7. fork /fɔːk/ n. 叉子   [词汇拓展] knife(n.)刀 [词汇搭配] a knife and fork 一副刀叉 [词汇例句] The girl isn’t used to eating with a knife and fork. 这个小女孩不习惯用刀叉吃东西。 8. manner /ˈmænə(r)/ n. 方式；举止，态度；(pl. manners) 礼仪   [词汇搭配] table manners 餐桌礼仪；have good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌 all manner of sb./sth.各种各样的人（或事）；形形色色的人（或事） in a friendly manner 以友好的方式 [词汇例句] He has no manner. 他毫无礼貌。 She smiled again in a friendly manner.又友好地微笑了一下。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —David, don’t stick your chopsticks into the bowl. It’s impolite. —Okay, Mom. I will be more careful about my ________. A．habits B．manners C．plans D．exercises 9. proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/ adj. 恰当的，正确的  [词汇拓展] properly(adv.)恰当的；improper(adj.)不正当的；不合适的；improperly(adv.)不恰当地 [词汇搭配] the proper way to do...做某事的恰当的方式； [词汇例句] Nothing is in its proper place.东西都放得乱七八糟。 [随学随练] 用proper适当形式填空 (1) We should learn to use the Internet ________ (proper) to make it serve us better. (2) It’s ________ (proper) to speak with your mouth full in public. 10. serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/ adj. 分菜用的 n. 一份食物   [词汇拓展] serve(v.)服务，提供；service(n.)服务；helping(n.)（进餐时的）一份食物，一客食物 portion(n.)（食物的）一份，一客 [词汇搭配] serving dish上菜用的盘子；serving chopsticks 公筷 [词汇例句] Pile the potatoes into a warm serving dish. 将土豆堆在一个保温菜盘里。 11. chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstɪk/ n. (usually pl.) 筷子   [词汇拓展] chop(v.)剁，砍；stick(n.)棍、棒 [词汇搭配] serving chopsticks 公筷；a pair of chopsticks 衣服筷子 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Mark, you’re so good at using ________ now. I almost forget you’re a foreigner. —To be honest, it was pretty hard for me to use them to eat at first in China. A．mirrors B．chopsticks C．scissors D．forks 12. surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adj.出人意料的；令人吃惊的 [词汇拓展] surprised(adj.)感到意外的；surprise(v.)使意外；(n.)意外，惊喜 surprisingly(adv.)出人意料地；惊人地 [词汇用法] · surprise既用作动词，表示“使...意外”，也可以用作名词，表示“意外，惊喜”。 It's always surprised me how popular he is.他怎么那么受欢迎，我百思不得其解。 What a nice surprise!真是让人惊喜！ · surprised用作形容词，表示“感到意外的”，一般用来描述人的感受。 She looked surprised when I told her.我告诉她时她显得很惊讶。 · surprising 用作形容词，表示“使人感到吃惊的”，用来描述事物的特征或属性，有时也用于描述人的特征。 It's not surprising (that) they lost. 他们吃了败仗，不奇怪。 · surprisingly用作副词，表示“出人意料地，惊人地”。 She looked surprisingly well. 她看上去身体出奇地好。 [随学随练] 用surprise的适当形式填空 (1) We’re so at the boy’s great progress. (2) I have a for you: We are moving to Switzerland! (3) , 50% of the students choose to use their phones or computers to relax. (4) It is not that children learn to read at different rates(速度). (5) We'll solve the problem ourselves and everyone. 13. cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 与文化有关的；文化的   [词汇拓展] culture(n.)文化；culturally(adv.)文化地，文化上；cross-cultural(adj.)跨文化的 [词汇搭配] cultural difference 文化的差异；cultural events文化活动 [词汇例句] They added their own cultural styles to the digital lanterns.他们将自己的文化风格融入 到了数字花灯中。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The documentary provides a ________ look into the life of the ancient Egyptians, showing their customs and beliefs. A．culture B．cultural C．culturally D．cultures 3、 重难句型解析 1. 状语从句的省略 (教材原句)It is usually OK to be late when visiting friends.拜访朋友时，迟到一会儿通常是没关系的。 句中when visiting friends是一个省略的时间状语从句，原句为：when you are visiting friends。在时间、条件等状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，且从句谓语动词包含 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）时，可省略从句的主语和 be 动词，保留现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）或形容词 / 介词短语。 如：I’ll avoid looking at my phone while I am crossing the road next time. 可省略为I’ll avoid looking at my phone while crossing the road next time. [随学随练] 单项填空 When ________ the death of his grandpa, Mike couldn’t help crying. A．to know B．know C．knowing D．knew 2. It is+adj.+ to do 句型 (教材原句)It is rude to give or take things with your left hand.用左手递东西或接东西是不礼貌的。 (教材原句)It’s so interesting to discover cultural differences like this!像这样发现文化差异实在太有趣了！ 以上两句都是“It is+adj.+to do...”句型，句中it是形式主语，真正地主语是后面的不定式。 此句型可以做以下拓展： · 当adj.修饰事物时，形容词后加for sb.变成“It is+adj.+ for sb.+ to do ...”表示“对于某人来说，做...是...样的”。 如：It is important for teenagers to relax and have fun. 对于青少年来说，放松和娱乐是很重要的。 · 当adj.修饰人物时，形容词后加of sb.变成“It is+adj.+ of sb.+ to do ...”表示“某人做...是...样的”。 如：It was impolite of you to enter the room without knocking at the door. 你没敲门就进入房间，是很不礼 貌的。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 在公共场合，大声打电话是不礼貌的。 (2) 在中国，用手吃东西一般是不太合适的。 3. so...that...引导结果状语从句 (教材原句)But English table manners are so confusing that I'm a little worried.但英国的餐桌礼仪实在太复杂难懂，以至于我有点担心。 此句中so...that...表示“如此...以至于...”，引导结果状语从句，so是副词，后接形容词或副词，that后为从句，表示结果。 such...that...也用于引导结果状语从句，such后接名词或名词短语。 如：The girl felt so excited that he couldn’t fall asleep. 这个小女孩太兴奋了以至于睡不着。 David made such an excellent robot that everyone highly praised him. 大卫制作出如此优秀的机器人， 每个人都盛赞他。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 甘肃牛肉面如此美味，许多外国人都爱上了它。 (so…that…) (2) 这是一部如此令人兴奋的电影，李毅想再看一遍。 (such…that…) 4. unless引导条件状语从句 (教材原句)Bring a small gift, but don't bring food unless the host asks you to.可以带一份小礼物，但除非主人主动要求，否则不要带食物。 此句包含unless引导的条件状语从句，unless意为“除非，若不”。含unless从句的复合句常可以和含if从句的复合句互换使用。 如：Unless we improve our service, we won’t have more customers. 除非我们改善服务，否则不会拥有更多 顾客。 上句可改写为：If we don’t improve our service, we won’t have more customers.如果我们不改善服务，就不\ 会有更多顾客。 [随学随练] 改写句子 If we don’t improve health care, people won’t live longer. (用unless改写) 翻译句子 除非主人邀请你早点来，否则不要提前到达聚会。 5. what和that引导宾语从句 (教材原句)If you get confused, watch what everyone else does.如果你感到困惑，就看看其他人怎么做。 (教材原句)Do you know what culture shock is?你知道什么是文化冲击吗？ (教材原句)After the meal, thank the host and say that everything was delicious.用餐结束后，向主人道谢，并夸赞饭菜都很美味。 前两句中包含what引导的宾语从句，第三句中含有that引导的宾语从句。 what在引导宾语从句时，what在从句中充当主干成分。而that引导宾语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何成分。这是二者最主要的区别。 如：You will understand what his words mean after you go into the room. 走进房间后，你就会明白他的话是 什么意思。 I finally realize that he is an honest man. 我终于意识到他是一个诚实的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The story tells us ________ we should forgive others and be thankful to them. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 6. once引导状语从句 (教材原句)But once I was used to it, I became more curious and interested in learning about the culture there.但一旦我习惯了之后，就变得更加好奇，也更有兴趣去了解当地的文化。 此句中once表示“一旦...”，可以引导时间或条件状语从句。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 一旦你制定一个计划，你就要坚持它(计划)。 4、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词或按照中文句子补全句子，每空一词。 (1) In Western countries, people often use ________ (叉子) and knives to eat. (2) He solved the problem in a different ________ (方式). (3) It’s ________ (恰当的) to say “thank you” when someone helps you. (4) I had two ________ (一份食物) of pizza because the pizza was so delicious! (5) —What did your French friend do when you two first met in Paris? —She ________ (亲吻) me on each side of my face. (6) Mrs. Ni ________ (拥抱) her daughter when she saw the little girl holding flowers for her. (7) It’s ________ (粗鲁的) to stare at others when they are eating. (8) Don’t leave the table ________ (除非) everyone has finished eating. (9) It’s ________ (出人意料的) how quickly children can learn new languages. (10) The _________ (文化的) festival will have many traditional dances and music shows. (11) 初次见面时我们通常握手。 We usually ________ ________ when we meet for the first time. (12) It’s important to learn basic ________ ________ (餐桌礼仪) when visiting another country. (13) She had to ________ ________ (坐直) late to finish her project before the deadline. (14) We’d better ________ ________ the wet paint. (使……不碰到) (15) Please use the ________ ________ (公筷) to take food from the shared plates. (16) Adam is a mountain climber, he is ________ ________ taking risks. (习惯于) 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) Keep your elbows ________ the table; it’s an impolite manner in Western culture. (2) Seeing my terrible homework, the teacher ________ (shake) her head with a patient sigh. (3) They ________ each other warmly when they met again at the airport. (hug) (4) The child ________ me by asking ________ questions. (embarrass) (5) Although the teacher tried to explain the ________ (confuse) rules clearly, many students still felt ________ (confuse). (6) We wore _________ (formal) clothes like T-shirts and shorts to the picnic. (7) He behaved ________ (rude) at the dinner party, which made everyone uncomfortable. (8) Pandas are ________ (common) in this area because they only live in a few places in China. (9) You should use your cellphone ________ instead of playing games all day. (proper) (10) The story has a ________ (surprise) ending. We were all ________ (surprise) when we read it. (11) He is used to ________ (wake) up early every morning and going for a run before breakfast. (12) We will take part in a ________ (culture)exchange activity next week. 3. 单项填空 (1) —In what ________ can we show our respect to the guests? —We can stand up when they enter the room and offer them seats. A．manner B．opinion C．habit D．rule (2) —Chengdu is a fascinating city and it is full of delicious food and ________ landmarks (地标) like Du Fu Cottage. —I’d like to visit it one day. A．comfortable B．powerful C．cultural D．huge (3) I want to know ________ I should do to improve my reading ability. A．when B．who C．where D．what (4) —I am going to test my new invention—Umbrella Hat! —I wonder whether it could ________ the rain. A．keep off B．put down C．run after D．throw away (5) — You will never know your friend ________ you stand in his shoes. — That’s the spirit. A true friend is someone who always considers your feelings. A．as B．though C．since D．unless (6) —Mike, it’s not ________ to talk with your mouth full of food.         —Sorry, Mom. I won’t do it again. A．proper B．standard C．natural D．normal (7) —Do you know the news? —Yes. In fact, we are ________ when we hear the ________ news. A．surprised; surprised B．surprised; surprising C．surprising; surprised D．surprising; surprising (8) My grandmother ________ live in the countryside, but now she ________ living in the city with us. A．used to; is used to B．is used to; used to C．used to; used to D．is used to; is used to 4. 选择填空 A 请选择适当的连词(unless/as soon as/so...that.../if)填空。 I know you’re going to have dinner at an American friend’s house tonight. Don’t worry! Let me share some tips with you. First, you should arrive on time. 1 you arrive too early, the host may still be getting things ready. It’s better to be a few minutes late. Second, bring a small gift 2 you know the host well. In the US, people often bring flowers or a bottle of wine. Third, table manners are 3 important 4 you should watch what others do. Hold the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left. 5 you feel confused, just follow what everyone else does. Finally, 6 the meal is over, remember to thank the host and say that the food was delicious. Americans really appreciate that! Enjoy your dinner! B 根据句意用方框中的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 manner; serve; confuse; chopstick; shake 1．It’s not polite to   hands with others with a pair of gloves. 2．This recipe will be enough for five . 3．It’s arguable (可证实的) that giving too much detail may actually be . 4．It’s basic table to wait for everyone to be served before starting to eat. 5．Most Chinese people can use to eat almost everything except fluids like soup. C 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 soon, strong, use, culture, curious, startle, unless, shock, interest, careful Jack is an exchange student from Canada. He enjoys traveling to different countries and he never misses any chance to try new things 1 he is ill. As 2 as he arrives in China, he feels excited and 3 about everything here. He finds that Chinese people often 4 body language to show their feelings. He is so 5 by it that he asks his classmates for help. His classmates tell him many cultural differences between China and Western countries. Jack listens 6 and tries to remember them. He finds that Chinese people are not 7 to show their feelings directly. He is 8 by this difference at first, but later he learns to understand it. Jack also learns that different countries have different 9 traditions. He thinks it’s important to respect them. Day by day, he becomes more and more 10 in Chinese culture and decides to stay longer. 5. 翻译句子 (1) 在美国，第一次与人见面时，你应该握手。 (2) 当我们出去吃饭时，使用公筷是必要的。 (3) 印度人可能不常用刀叉。反而，他们通常用手来进食。 (4) 当你初次去外国时，经历“文化冲击”是正常的。 (5) 你最好不要脱掉你的毛衣，除非你觉得太热。 (6) 他跑得如此快，以至于我们都追不上他。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 核心知识点精讲 1 (Section A) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section A部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section A部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. shake hands 握手 2. bump fists 碰拳 3. rub noses 碰鼻礼；蹭鼻子 4. kiss on the cheek 亲吻脸颊 5. greet people 问候他人；与人打招呼 6. offer you some tea 给你提供一些茶(offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物) 7. press their palms together 双手合十 8. What’s wrong? 怎么了？；出什么事了？ 9. table manners 餐桌礼仪 10. so...that... 如此… 以至于… 11. a little worried 有点担心 12. bring a small gift 带一份小礼物 13. remember to do 记得去做某事 14. wait for 等待 15. Good to know! 还好知道了！；了解了！ 16. the proper way to do... 做… 的恰当方式 17. a knife and fork 一副刀叉 18. get confused 感到困惑 19. most importantly 最重要的是 20. enjoy oneself 玩得开心 21. sit up 坐直 22. keep...off... 使不碰到；使避开 23. stand up 站起来 24. reach for 伸手去拿 25. pass you the dish 把盘子递给你 26. serving chopsticks 公筷 27. shared dishes 共享菜品；共食菜肴 28. one another 互相；彼此 29. take off 脱下；起飞 30. as soon as 一… 就… 31. expect sb. to do 期待 / 要求某人做某事 32. on time 准时 33. stick... into... 把… 插进… 里 34. invite sb. to do... 邀请某人做某事 35. culture shock 文化冲击 36. different from 与…不同 37. one’s own 某人自己的 38. for example 例如 39. get off 下车；离开 40. even though 即使；虽然 41. plenty of 大量的；充足的 42. personal space 个人空间 43. stand close to 靠近…站立 44. be used to 习惯于… 45. discover culture differences 发现文化差异 2、 重点词汇解析 1. shake /ʃeɪk/ v. 与(某人)握手；摇动；颤抖，发抖；n.摇动；颤抖，发抖；奶昔 [词汇拓展] <过去式> shook/ʃʊk/；<过去分词> shaken/ˈʃeɪkən/；<动词-ing>shaking [词汇搭配] shake hands 握手；shake one’s head 摇头；shake...off 去除，摆脱；milk shake奶昔 [词汇例句] 写出下列句子中shake的中文意思 (1) Shake the bottle well before use. (v.) 摇动 (2) Do people in Italy shake hands when they meet? (v.)与(某人)握手 (3) I can't seem to shake off this cold. (v.)去除，摆脱 (4) He was shaking with fear. (v.)颤抖，发抖 (5) Alice ordered a strawberry shake. (n.)奶昔 2. hug /hʌg/ v. & n. 拥抱；抱紧 [词汇拓展] <过去式>hugged；<过去分词>hugged；<动词-ing> hugging [词汇搭配] hug each other 相互拥抱；bear hug 熊抱；紧紧的拥抱 [词汇例句] She sat in the chair, hugging her knees. 她双臂抱膝坐在椅子上。 [随学随练] 用适当形式填空 (1) When she heard the good news, she ________ (hug) her best friend for joy. 【答案】hugged 【详解】句意：当她听到这个好消息时，她高兴地拥抱了她最好的朋友。根据“When she heard the good news”可知，主句为一般过去时，谓语动词hug用过去式hugged。 (2) People in western countries often greet their friends with a ________. (hug) 【答案】hug 【详解】句意：西方国家的人们常常用拥抱来问候朋友。hug在这里作名词，意思是“拥抱”。前面有不定冠词a，所以名词用单数形式hug。 (3) In some cultures, people greet close friends by ________ (hug) each other. 【答案】hugging 【详解】句意：在一些文化中，人们通过互相拥抱来问候亲密的朋友。by是介词，后接动词时要用其动名词形式，hug的动名词形式是hugging。 3. embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的   [词汇拓展] embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/ adj. 使人难堪的；embarrass(v.)使尴尬 embarrassment(n.)尴尬 [词汇搭配] be embarrassed about/at... 对...感到尴尬；a bit embarrassed有点儿尴尬 [词汇用法] · embarrass用作动词，表示“使...尴尬”。 Her questions about my private life embarrassed me. 她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。 · embarrassed 用作形容词，表示“感到尴尬的”，一般用来描述人的感受。 He felt embarrassed at being the centre of attention. 他因自己成为众人注目的中心而感到很尴尬。 · embarrassing用作形容词，表示“使人感到尴尬的”，用来描述事物的特征或属性，有时也用于描述人的特征。 He didn’t know what to do when facing such an embarrassing situation.面对如此尴尬的情况，他不知道做什么。 · embarrassment用作名词，表示“尴尬”。 [随学随练] 用embarrass的适当形式填空 (1) He looked a bit embarrassed. (2) I nearly died of embarrassment when he said that. (3) That was an embarrassing situation for me. (4) I didn't want to embarrass him by kissing him in front of his friends. 4. confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的   [词汇拓展] confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/ adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的；confuse(v.)使困惑 confusion(n.)困惑；confusedly(adv.)困惑地 [词汇搭配] be confused about对...很困惑 [词汇用法] · confuse用作动词，表示“使...困惑”。 Your performance really confused me. 你的表现让我很困惑。 · confused 用作形容词，表示“感到困惑的”，一般用来描述人的感受。 People are confused about all the different labels on food these days.人们如今被那些五花八门的食 物标签搞得稀里糊涂。 · confusing用作形容词，表示“使人感到困惑的”，用来描述事物的特征或属性，有时也用于描述人的特征。 It was really a very confusing experience. 这真是让人莫名其妙的经历。 · confusion用作名词，表示“困惑”。 I fell into confusion.我陷入了困惑。 [随学随练] 用confuse的适当形式填空 (1) There is some confusion about the new rules. (2) The instructions on the box are very confusing. (3) I'm confused─say all that again. (4) His words confused me. I really couldn’t understand what he meant. 5. formal /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的   [词汇拓展] informal(adj.)不正式的，非正式的；formally(adv.)正式地 [词汇搭配] a formal letter of apology正式的道歉信 [词汇例句] She has a very formal manner, which can seem unfriendly.她的举止很是郑重其事，有可能会显得不友好。 [随学随练] 单项填空 You need to wear ________ clothes for the job interview. A．uncommon B．formal C．simple D．dirty 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你需要穿正式的衣服去参加求职面试。 考查形容词辨析。uncommon不常见的；formal正式的；simple简单的；dirty脏的。根据“for the job interview”可知，面试通常需要着装正式。故选B。 6. uncommon /ʌnˈkɒmən/ adj. 罕见的；不寻常的   [词汇拓展] common(adj.)常见的，普通的；unusual(adj.)不寻常的，特别的 uncommonly(adv.)极其，非凡地 [词汇例句] It is not uncommon for college students to live at home.大学生住在家里并不少见。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —In China, it’s ________ to see people greet each other with a hug. A handshake is the usual way here. —Yes, I noticed that. In my country, hugging is quite normal between friends. A．unhealthy B．uncommon C．impossible D．impolite 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——在中国，看到人们用拥抱来互相问候是不常见的。这里通常的方式是握手。——是的，我注意到了。在我的国家，朋友之间拥抱很正常。 考查形容词辨析。unhealthy不健康的；uncommon不常见的；impossible不可能的；impolite不礼貌的。根据答语“In my country, hugging is quite normal between friends.”可知，在对方国家拥抱是正常的，而中国通常用握手，因此拥抱在中国是不常见的。故选B。 7. fork /fɔːk/ n. 叉子   [词汇拓展] knife(n.)刀 [词汇搭配] a knife and fork 一副刀叉 [词汇例句] The girl isn’t used to eating with a knife and fork. 这个小女孩不习惯用刀叉吃东西。 8. manner /ˈmænə(r)/ n. 方式；举止，态度；(pl. manners) 礼仪   [词汇搭配] table manners 餐桌礼仪；have good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌 all manner of sb./sth.各种各样的人（或事）；形形色色的人（或事） in a friendly manner 以友好的方式 [词汇例句] He has no manner. 他毫无礼貌。 She smiled again in a friendly manner.又友好地微笑了一下。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —David, don’t stick your chopsticks into the bowl. It’s impolite. —Okay, Mom. I will be more careful about my ________. A．habits B．manners C．plans D．exercises 【答案】B 【详解】——David，不要把筷子插进碗里，这不礼貌。——好的，妈妈，我会更加注意我的礼仪。 考查名词辨析。habits习惯；manners礼仪；plans计划；exercises练习。根据“It’s impolite.”可知，对话涉及礼貌行为，因此David承诺注意自己的礼仪，而非习惯、计划或练习。故选B。 9. proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/ adj. 恰当的，正确的  [词汇拓展] properly(adv.)恰当的；improper(adj.)不正当的；不合适的；improperly(adv.)不恰当地 [词汇搭配] the proper way to do...做某事的恰当的方式； [词汇例句] Nothing is in its proper place.东西都放得乱七八糟。 [随学随练] 用proper适当形式填空 (1) We should learn to use the Internet ________ (proper) to make it serve us better. 【答案】properly 【详解】句意：我们应该学会正确地使用互联网，让它更好地为我们服务。根据句子结构，此处需用副词修饰动词use，proper的副词形式为properly，意为正确地；恰当地。故填properly。 (2) It’s ________ (proper) to speak with your mouth full in public. 【答案】improper 【详解】句意：当众嘴里塞满食物说话是不恰当的。proper为形容词，意为“合适的”，结合生活常识可知当众嘴里塞满食物说话是不恰当的，此处需用其反义词，给proper加否定前缀im构成improper，意为“不恰当的”。 10. serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/ adj. 分菜用的 n. 一份食物   [词汇拓展] serve(v.)服务，提供；service(n.)服务；helping(n.)（进餐时的）一份食物，一客食物 portion(n.)（食物的）一份，一客 [词汇搭配] serving dish上菜用的盘子；serving chopsticks 公筷 [词汇例句] Pile the potatoes into a warm serving dish. 将土豆堆在一个保温菜盘里。 11. chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstɪk/ n. (usually pl.) 筷子   [词汇拓展] chop(v.)剁，砍；stick(n.)棍、棒 [词汇搭配] serving chopsticks 公筷；a pair of chopsticks 衣服筷子 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Mark, you’re so good at using ________ now. I almost forget you’re a foreigner. —To be honest, it was pretty hard for me to use them to eat at first in China. A．mirrors B．chopsticks C．scissors D．forks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——马克，你现在用筷子用得真好。我几乎忘记你是个外国人了。——说实话，一开始在中国用筷子吃饭对我来说真的很难。 考查名词辨析。mirrors镜子；chopsticks筷子；scissors剪刀；forks叉子。根据语境及后文“it was pretty hard for me to use them to eat at first in China（一开始在中国用它们吃饭对我来说真的很难）”可知，这里说的是在中国吃饭时用的工具，结合常识可知，在中国吃饭常用的工具是筷子，故选B。 12. surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adj.出人意料的；令人吃惊的 [词汇拓展] surprised(adj.)感到意外的；surprise(v.)使意外；(n.)意外，惊喜 surprisingly(adv.)出人意料地；惊人地 [词汇用法] · surprise既用作动词，表示“使...意外”，也可以用作名词，表示“意外，惊喜”。 It's always surprised me how popular he is.他怎么那么受欢迎，我百思不得其解。 What a nice surprise!真是让人惊喜！ · surprised用作形容词，表示“感到意外的”，一般用来描述人的感受。 She looked surprised when I told her.我告诉她时她显得很惊讶。 · surprising 用作形容词，表示“使人感到吃惊的”，用来描述事物的特征或属性，有时也用于描述人的特征。 It's not surprising (that) they lost. 他们吃了败仗，不奇怪。 · surprisingly用作副词，表示“出人意料地，惊人地”。 She looked surprisingly well. 她看上去身体出奇地好。 [随学随练] 用surprise的适当形式填空 (1) We’re so surprised at the boy’s great progress. (2) I have a surprise for you: We are moving to Switzerland! (3) Surprisingly, 50% of the students choose to use their phones or computers to relax. (4) It is not surprising that children learn to read at different rates(速度). (5) We'll solve the problem ourselves and surprise everyone. 13. cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 与文化有关的；文化的   [词汇拓展] culture(n.)文化；culturally(adv.)文化地，文化上；cross-cultural(adj.)跨文化的 [词汇搭配] cultural difference 文化的差异；cultural events文化活动 [词汇例句] They added their own cultural styles to the digital lanterns.他们将自己的文化风格融入 到了数字花灯中。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The documentary provides a ________ look into the life of the ancient Egyptians, showing their customs and beliefs. A．culture B．cultural C．culturally D．cultures 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这部纪录片提供了对古埃及人生活的文化视角，展示了他们的习俗和信仰。 culture文化，名词单数；cultural文化的，形容词；culturally文化上，副词；cultures 文化，名词复数。空处位于冠词和名词之间，需用形容词修饰名词look。应填cultural。 3、 重难句型解析 1. 状语从句的省略 (教材原句)It is usually OK to be late when visiting friends.拜访朋友时，迟到一会儿通常是没关系的。 句中when visiting friends是一个省略的时间状语从句，原句为：when you are visiting friends。在时间、条件等状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致时，且从句谓语动词包含 be 动词（am/is/are/was/were）时，可省略从句的主语和 be 动词，保留现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）或形容词 / 介词短语。 如：I’ll avoid looking at my phone while I am crossing the road next time. 可省略为I’ll avoid looking at my phone while crossing the road next time. [随学随练] 单项填空 When ________ the death of his grandpa, Mike couldn’t help crying. A．to know B．know C．knowing D．knew 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当得知他爷爷去世的消息时，迈克忍不住哭了。 考查时间状语从句的省略。“When”引导时间状语从句时，若从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句隐含“主语 + be动词”的结构，可省略主语和be动词，此处“迈克”与“得知”是主动关系，可直接用现在分词作状语。故选C。 2. It is+adj.+ to do 句型 (教材原句)It is rude to give or take things with your left hand.用左手递东西或接东西是不礼貌的。 (教材原句)It’s so interesting to discover cultural differences like this!像这样发现文化差异实在太有趣了！ 以上两句都是“It is+adj.+to do...”句型，句中it是形式主语，真正地主语是后面的不定式。 此句型可以做以下拓展： · 当adj.修饰事物时，形容词后加for sb.变成“It is+adj.+ for sb.+ to do ...”表示“对于某人来说，做...是...样的”。 如：It is important for teenagers to relax and have fun. 对于青少年来说，放松和娱乐是很重要的。 · 当adj.修饰人物时，形容词后加of sb.变成“It is+adj.+ of sb.+ to do ...”表示“某人做...是...样的”。 如：It was impolite of you to enter the room without knocking at the door. 你没敲门就进入房间，是很不礼 貌的。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 在公共场合，大声打电话是不礼貌的。 It is impolite to talk loudly on the phone in public places. (2) 在中国，用手吃东西一般是不太合适的。 It is generally improper to eat with your hands in China. 3. so...that...引导结果状语从句 (教材原句)But English table manners are so confusing that I'm a little worried.但英国的餐桌礼仪实在太复杂难懂，以至于我有点担心。 此句中so...that...表示“如此...以至于...”，引导结果状语从句，so是副词，后接形容词或副词，that后为从句，表示结果。 such...that...也用于引导结果状语从句，such后接名词或名词短语。 如：The girl felt so excited that he couldn’t fall asleep. 这个小女孩太兴奋了以至于睡不着。 David made such an excellent robot that everyone highly praised him. 大卫制作出如此优秀的机器人， 每个人都盛赞他。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 甘肃牛肉面如此美味，许多外国人都爱上了它。 (so…that…) Gansu beef noodles are so delicious that many foreigners fall in love with them. (2) 这是一部如此令人兴奋的电影，李毅想再看一遍。 (such…that…) It is such an exciting movie that Li Yi wants to see it again. 4. unless引导条件状语从句 (教材原句)Bring a small gift, but don't bring food unless the host asks you to.可以带一份小礼物，但除非主人主动要求，否则不要带食物。 此句包含unless引导的条件状语从句，unless意为“除非，若不”。含unless从句的复合句常可以和含if从句的复合句互换使用。 如：Unless we improve our service, we won’t have more customers. 除非我们改善服务，否则不会拥有更多 顾客。 上句可改写为：If we don’t improve our service, we won’t have more customers.如果我们不改善服务，就不\ 会有更多顾客。 [随学随练] 改写句子 If we don’t improve health care, people won’t live longer. (用unless改写) Unless we improve health care, people won’t live longer. 翻译句子 除非主人邀请你早点来，否则不要提前到达聚会。 Don’t arrive at the party early unless the host invites you to come early. 5. what和that引导宾语从句 (教材原句)If you get confused, watch what everyone else does.如果你感到困惑，就看看其他人怎么做。 (教材原句)Do you know what culture shock is?你知道什么是文化冲击吗？ (教材原句)After the meal, thank the host and say that everything was delicious.用餐结束后，向主人道谢，并夸赞饭菜都很美味。 前两句中包含what引导的宾语从句，第三句中含有that引导的宾语从句。 what在引导宾语从句时，what在从句中充当主干成分。而that引导宾语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何成分。这是二者最主要的区别。 如：You will understand what his words mean after you go into the room. 走进房间后，你就会明白他的话是 什么意思。 I finally realize that he is an honest man. 我终于意识到他是一个诚实的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空 The story tells us ________ we should forgive others and be thankful to them. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个故事告诉我们，我们应该原谅他人并感激他们。 what什么；that无实义，只起连接作用；if是否/如果；whether是否。根据“The story tells us...we should forgive others and be thankful to them.”可知，从句部分结构完整，不缺成分，且句意表示确定的道理而非疑问，应用that引导宾语从句。 6. once引导状语从句 (教材原句)But once I was used to it, I became more curious and interested in learning about the culture there.但一旦我习惯了之后，就变得更加好奇，也更有兴趣去了解当地的文化。 此句中once表示“一旦...”，可以引导时间或条件状语从句。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 一旦你制定一个计划，你就要坚持它(计划)。 Once you make a plan, you should stick to it. 4、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词或按照中文句子补全句子，每空一词。 (1) In Western countries, people often use ________ (叉子) and knives to eat. 【答案】forks 【详解】句意：在西方国家，人们通常使用叉子和刀子来进食。“叉子”fork，且此处与“knives”并列，需用复数名词。故填forks。 (2) He solved the problem in a different ________ (方式). 【答案】manner 【详解】句意：他用一种不同的方式解决了这个问题。根据汉语提示，manner“方式”，前有不定冠词a，此处用单数。 (3) It’s ________ (恰当的) to say “thank you” when someone helps you. 【答案】proper 【详解】句意：当有人帮助你时，说“谢谢”是恰当的。句中“It's”后面通常接形容词作表语，结合“to say ‘thank you’ when someone helps you”可知，应是说“谢谢”是恰当的行为，proper“恰当的”，符合语境。 (4) I had two ________ (一份食物) of pizza because the pizza was so delicious! 【答案】servings 【详解】句意： 我吃了两份披萨，因为披萨太好吃了！“一份食物”对应的单词是serving，前面有数词two，因此serving要用复数形式servings。 (5) —What did your French friend do when you two first met in Paris? —She ________ (亲吻) me on each side of my face. 【答案】kissed 【详解】句意：——你和你的法国朋友在巴黎第一次见面时，她做了什么？——她亲吻了我的双颊。句子时态为一般过去时，空格处需填入动词作句子谓语，中文提示“亲吻”,对应单词kiss，过去式直接在词尾加-ed。故填kissed。 (6) Mrs. Ni ________ (拥抱) her daughter when she saw the little girl holding flowers for her. 【答案】hugged 【详解】句意：倪太太看到女儿捧着花给她时，拥抱了这个小女孩。hug“拥抱”，动词。此处描述的是过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，动词用过去式hugged。故填hugged。 (7) It’s ________ (粗鲁的) to stare at others when they are eating. 【答案】rude 【详解】句意：当别人吃饭时盯着他们看是不礼貌的。根据“It’s…to stare at others when they are eating.”及汉语提示可知，rude“粗鲁的”，形容词，作表语。 (8) Don’t leave the table ________ (除非) everyone has finished eating. 【答案】unless 【详解】句意：不要离开餐桌，除非所有人都用完餐。unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句。 (9) It’s ________ (出人意料的) how quickly children can learn new languages. 【答案】surprising 【详解】句意：孩子们学习新语言的速度之快真是出人意料。根据中文提示可知，“出人意料的”对应的英文是surprising，是形容词，此处作表语。 (10) The _________ (文化的) festival will have many traditional dances and music shows. 【答案】cultural 【详解】句意：这个文化节将有很多传统舞蹈和音乐表演。空格处修饰festival，应填形容词，结合汉语提示，应是cultural“文化的”。故填cultural。 (11) 初次见面时我们通常握手。 We usually ________ ________ when we meet for the first time. 【答案】 shake hands 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，缺少“握手”，英文表达为shake hands，结合“usually”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语是We，谓语动词用原形。故填shake；hands。 (12) It’s important to learn basic ________ ________ (餐桌礼仪) when visiting another country. 【答案】 table manners 【详解】句意：在访问其他国家时，学习基本的餐桌礼仪是很重要的。根据汉语提示，“餐桌礼仪”用table manners表达，manner表示“礼仪、礼节”这一含义时，需使用复数形式manners，前加table作定语，修饰该名词短语表示具体范畴。故填table；manners。 (13) She had to ________ ________ (坐直) late to finish her project before the deadline. 【答案】 sit up 【详解】句意：她不得不熬夜坐直身体以在截止日期前完成她的项目。“坐直”对应的英文短语是“sit up”。“have to”是情态动词，后接动词原形。故填sit；up。 (14) We’d better ________ ________ the wet paint. (使……不碰到) 【答案】 keep off 【详解】句意：我们最好不要碰到未干的油漆。根据中文提示“使……不碰到”，英文常用短语keep off意为“使不接触、避开”，had better接动词原形。 (15) Please use the ________ ________ (公筷) to take food from the shared plates. 【答案】 serving chopsticks 【详解】句意：请使用公筷从共享餐盘里夹菜。根据提示可知，“公筷” 对应的英文固定表达是serving chopsticks。故填serving；chopsticks。 (16) Adam is a mountain climber, he is ________ ________ taking risks. (习惯于) 【答案】 used to 【详解】句意：亚当是一名登山者，他习惯于冒险。“习惯于做某事”可以用“be used to doing sth.”这个短语。故填used；to。 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) Keep your elbows ________ the table; it’s an impolite manner in Western culture. 【答案】off 【详解】句意：不要把胳膊肘放在餐桌上，这在西方文化中是不礼貌的行为。结合题干，可知此处需要表达“远离”的含义，“keep…off…”是固定搭配，意为“使……远离/不接触……”，符合句子表达的餐桌礼仪要求。 (2) Seeing my terrible homework, the teacher ________ (shake) her head with a patient sigh. 【答案】shook 【详解】句意：看到我糟糕的作业，老师耐心地叹了口气摇摇头。shake“摇动，晃动”，句子描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，shake为不规则动词，过去式变为shook。 (3) They ________ each other warmly when they met again at the airport. (hug) 【答案】hugged 【详解】句意：当他们在机场再次见面时，他们热情地拥抱了彼此。句中when they met again at the airport是时间状语从句，其中met是meet的过去式，说明句子时态为一般过去时，因此主句的谓语动词hug也需要使用过去式hugged。 (4) The child ________ me by asking ________ questions. (embarrass) 【答案】 embarrassed embarrassing 【详解】句意：孩子问了一些令人尴尬的问题，让我很尴尬。分析句子可知，第一空缺少谓语动词，第二空作定语修饰名词questions，应用形容词。embarrass“使尴尬”，动词，结合语境可知，时态是一般过去时，所以第一空用动词的过去式；embarrass的形容词是embarrassed和embarrassing，第二空修饰的名词表示物，所以用-ing结尾的形容词。故填embarrassed；embarrassing。 (5) Although the teacher tried to explain the ________ (confuse) rules clearly, many students still felt ________ (confuse). 【答案】 confusing confused 【详解】句意：尽管老师试图清楚地解释那些令人困惑的规则，但许多学生仍然感到困惑。第一空修饰名词“rules”（事物），应用-ing结尾的形容词“confusing”作定语；第二空作表语，描述主语“many students”（人）的感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词“confused”。故填confusing；confused。 (6) We wore _________ (formal) clothes like T-shirts and shorts to the picnic. 【答案】informal 【详解】句意：我们去野餐时穿的是比较随意的服装，比如T恤和短裤。括号内给出的单词formal是形容词，意思是“正式的”，野餐穿的T恤、短裤属于非正式服饰，在formal前加否定前缀in-可得到其反义词informal，意为“非正式的”，形容词作定语。 (7) He behaved ________ (rude) at the dinner party, which made everyone uncomfortable. 【答案】rudely 【详解】句意：他在宴会上举止粗鲁，使每个人都感到不舒服。此处修饰动词behaved ，需要用副词， rude的副词形式是rudely ，表示“粗鲁地”。 (8) Pandas are ________ (common) in this area because they only live in a few places in China. 【答案】uncommon 【详解】句意：熊猫在这个地区并不常见，因为它们只生活在中国少数地方。根据“because they only live in a few places”可知，熊猫在这个地区并不常见，需填形容词作表语。common的反义词是uncommon“不常见的”。 (9) You should use your cellphone ________ instead of playing games all day. (proper) 【答案】properly 【详解】句意：你应该正确使用手机，而不是整天玩游戏。proper意为“恰当的”，是形容词。此处修饰动词use，应用副词形式properly (10) The story has a ________ (surprise) ending. We were all ________ (surprise) when we read it. 【答案】 surprising surprised 【详解】句意：这个故事有一个令人惊讶的结局。当我们读这个故事的时候，我们都很惊讶。第一空“ending”是名词，前面需要一个形容词来修饰，surprise的形容词形式surprising表示“令人惊讶的”，常用来修饰物；第二空 “We were all...” 这里需要一个形容词来描述人的感受，surprise的形容词形式surprised表示“感到惊讶的”，常用来修饰人。 (11) He is used to ________ (wake) up early every morning and going for a run before breakfast. 【答案】waking 【详解】句意：他习惯每天早上早起，并且在早饭前去跑步。be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”，这里的to是介词，后面必须跟动名词， 所以填waking。 (12) We will take part in a ________ (culture)exchange activity next week. 【答案】cultural 【详解】句意：我们下周将参加一场文化交流活动。此处修饰名词exchange activity需用形容词作定语，culture的形容词形式为cultural。 3. 单项填空 (1) —In what ________ can we show our respect to the guests? —We can stand up when they enter the room and offer them seats. A．manner B．opinion C．habit D．rule 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们可以用什么方式向客人表示尊重？——当他们进入房间时我们可以站起来并给他们让座。 manner方式；opinion意见；habit习惯；rule规则。根据答语“We can stand up when they enter the room and offer them seats”可知，这是在说明具体的行为方式，应填manner。 (2) —Chengdu is a fascinating city and it is full of delicious food and ________ landmarks (地标) like Du Fu Cottage. —I’d like to visit it one day. A．comfortable B．powerful C．cultural D．huge 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——成都是一座迷人的城市，它充满了美味的食物和像杜甫草堂这样的文化地标。 ——我希望有一天能去参观。 考查形容词辨析。comfortable舒适的；powerful有力量的；cultural文化的；huge巨大的。根据下文“Du Fu Cottage”可知，杜甫草堂是著名的文化古迹，属于“文化地标”。故选C。 (3) I want to know ________ I should do to improve my reading ability. A．when B．who C．where D．what 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我想知道为了提高我的阅读能力我应该做什么。 when什么时候；who谁；where哪里；what什么。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作动词do的宾语，指代“做的事情”，应用what。 (4) —I am going to test my new invention—Umbrella Hat! —I wonder whether it could ________ the rain. A．keep off B．put down C．run after D．throw away 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我打算测试一下我的新发明——雨伞帽！——我想知道它是否能防雨。 keep off挡住，防止；put down放下；run after追赶；throw away扔掉。根据“I wonder whether it could...the rain.”可知，此处表示“挡住雨，防止被淋湿”，应填keep off。 (5) — You will never know your friend ________ you stand in his shoes. — That’s the spirit. A true friend is someone who always considers your feelings. A．as B．though C．since D．unless 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——除非你站在他的立场上，否则你永远不会了解你的朋友。——就是这个道理。真正的朋友是总是考虑你的感受的人。 as因为/当……时；though虽然；since自从/既然；unless除非。结合“You will never know your friend...you stand in his shoes.”可知，此处表示条件“除非你站在他的立场上，否则不会了解他”，应用unless引导条件状语从句。 (6) —Mike, it’s not ________ to talk with your mouth full of food.         —Sorry, Mom. I won’t do it again. A．proper B．standard C．natural D．normal 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——迈克，嘴里含着食物说话是不得体的。——对不起，妈妈。我不会再那样做了。 proper适当的，得体的；standard标准的；natural自然的；normal正常的。根据“talk with your mouth full of food”可知，满嘴食物说话是不礼貌的行为，此处指这种行为不合适，proper 符合语境。 (7) —Do you know the news? —Yes. In fact, we are ________ when we hear the ________ news. A．surprised; surprised B．surprised; surprising C．surprising; surprised D．surprising; surprising 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道这个消息吗？——是的。事实上，当我们听到这个令人惊讶的消息时，我们很惊讶。 考查形容词辨析。surprised感到惊讶的，常修饰人；surprising令人惊讶的，常修饰物或事件。第一空主语是“we”，表示人的感受，用surprised；第二空修饰“news”，表示消息本身令人惊讶，用surprising。故选B。 (8) My grandmother ________ live in the countryside, but now she ________ living in the city with us. A．used to; is used to B．is used to; used to C．used to; used to D．is used to; is used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的祖母过去住在农村，但现在她习惯于和我们住在城市里。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。根据第一空后动词原形live可知表示过去的状态，填used to；根据第二空后动名词living及now可知表示现在的习惯，主语she对应is used to。 4. 选择填空 A 请选择适当的连词(unless/as soon as/so...that.../if)填空。 I know you’re going to have dinner at an American friend’s house tonight. Don’t worry! Let me share some tips with you. First, you should arrive on time. 1 you arrive too early, the host may still be getting things ready. It’s better to be a few minutes late. Second, bring a small gift 2 you know the host well. In the US, people often bring flowers or a bottle of wine. Third, table manners are 3 important 4 you should watch what others do. Hold the knife in your right hand and the fork in your left. 5 you feel confused, just follow what everyone else does. Finally, 6 the meal is over, remember to thank the host and say that the food was delicious. Americans really appreciate that! Enjoy your dinner! 【答案】1．If 2．unless 3．so 4．that 5．If 6．as soon as 【导语】本文讲述了在美国朋友家做客时应注意的礼仪和注意事项。 1．句意：如果你到得太早，主人可能还在准备东西。根据“you arrive too early, the host may still be getting things ready”可知，如果到得太早，主人可能还在准备，应用if“如果”引导条件状语从句。句首首字母大写。 2．句意：第二，除非你很了解主人，否则带一份小礼物。根据“bring a small gift...you know the host well”可知，除非你很了解主人，否则带一份小礼物，应用unless“除非”引导条件状语从句。 3．句意：第三，餐桌礼仪很重要，你应该观察别人的做法。根据“table manners are...important...you should watch what others do”可知，餐桌礼仪如此重要，以至于你应该观察别人的做法，应用so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。 4．句意：第三，餐桌礼仪很重要，你应该观察别人的做法。根据“table manners are...important...you should watch what others do”可知，餐桌礼仪如此重要，以至于你应该观察别人的做法，应用so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。 5．句意：如果你感到困惑，就跟着其他人做。根据“you feel confused, just follow what everyone else does”可知，如果你感到困惑，就跟着其他人做，应用if“如果”引导条件状语从句。 6．句意：最后，一吃完饭，记得感谢主人，并说食物很好吃。根据“the meal is over, remember to thank the host and say that the food was delicious”可知，一吃完饭，记得感谢主人，应用as soon as“一……就……”引导时间状语从句。 B 根据句意用方框中的单词填空，每个单词限用一次。 manner; serve; confuse; chopstick; shake 1．It’s not polite to   hands with others with a pair of gloves. 2．This recipe will be enough for five . 3．It’s arguable (可证实的) that giving too much detail may actually be . 4．It’s basic table to wait for everyone to be served before starting to eat. 5．Most Chinese people can use to eat almost everything except fluids like soup. 【答案】1．shake 2．servings 3．confusing 4．manners 5．chopsticks 【解析】 1．意:戴着手套和别人握手是不礼貌的。根据“It's not polite to..hands with others with a pair of gloves.及备选词汇可知,戴着手套和别人握手是不礼貌的，shake hands“握手”符合题意，此处位于动词不定式to后面，动词用原形。故填shake。 2．句意：这个食谱足够五个人食用。根据“This recipe will be enough for five...”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“份量、食用人数”，作介词“for”的宾语，serve符合语境，其名词形式是serving，且被“five”修饰，应用复数形式servings。故填servings。 3．句意：可以论证的是，提供太多细节实际上可能会令人困惑。根据“giving too much detail may actually be...”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“令人困惑的”，作表语，confuse符合语境，其形容词形式是confusing。故填confusing。 4．句意：在开始用餐前等所有人都被服务到是基本的餐桌礼仪。根据“basic table...”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“礼仪”，作主语，manner符合语境，应用复数形式manners。故填manners。 5．句意：大多数中国人可以用筷子吃几乎所有东西，除了汤之类的流体。根据“use...to eat almost everything”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“筷子”，作宾语，chopstick符合语境，筷子通常成对使用，应用复数形式chopsticks。故填chopsticks。 C 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空 soon, strong, use, culture, curious, startle, unless, shock, interest, careful Jack is an exchange student from Canada. He enjoys traveling to different countries and he never misses any chance to try new things 1 he is ill. As 2 as he arrives in China, he feels excited and 3 about everything here. He finds that Chinese people often 4 body language to show their feelings. He is so 5 by it that he asks his classmates for help. His classmates tell him many cultural differences between China and Western countries. Jack listens 6 and tries to remember them. He finds that Chinese people are not 7 to show their feelings directly. He is 8 by this difference at first, but later he learns to understand it. Jack also learns that different countries have different 9 traditions. He thinks it’s important to respect them. Day by day, he becomes more and more 10 in Chinese culture and decides to stay longer. 【答案】 1．unless 2．soon 3．curious 4．use 5．shocked 6．carefully 7．strong 8．startled 9．cultural 10．interested 【导语】本文介绍了加拿大交换生Jack在中国的经历与感受，讲述了他初到中国时的好奇、对文化差异的观察与适应过程，以及他对中国文化的兴趣逐渐加深的故事。 1．句意：他喜欢去不同国家旅行，除非他生病了，否则他从不错过任何尝试新事物的机会。这里需要一个引导条件状语从句的连词，表示“除非，如果不”，unless符合语境。 2．句意：他一到中国，就感到很兴奋，并且对这里的一切都感到好奇。固定搭配as soon as表示“一……就……”，用来引导时间状语从句，应填soon。 3．句意：他一到中国，就感到很兴奋，并且对这里的一切都感到好奇。curious about是固定搭配，意为“对……感到好奇”，此处用形容词curious与前面的excited并列，描述Jack初到中国的心情。 4．句意：他发现中国人经常用肢体语言来表达自己的感受。句子缺少谓语动词，主语Chinese people为复数，时态为一般现在时，use作谓语，符合“用肢体语言表达感受”的语义。 5．句意：他对此感到非常惊讶，于是向他的同学们求助。固定搭配 be shocked by 表示“对……感到震惊/惊讶”，此处用过去分词形式的形容词shocked，作表语描述Jack的感受。 6．句意：杰克认真地听着，并努力把它们记下来。句子需要一个副词修饰动词listens，方框中的形容词careful需变为副词形式carefully，表示“认真地听”，符合语境。 7．句意：他发现中国人并不强烈倾向于直接表达自己的感受。此处需用方框内的形容词strong，表示“强烈的”，符合“不倾向于直接表达感受”的文化差异语境。 8．句意：一开始他对这种差异感到很震惊，但后来他学着去理解它。结合上下文，此处应延续Jack对文化差异的感受，用startle构成be startled by搭配，表示“被这种差异震惊”，符合语境逻辑。 9．句意：杰克还了解到，不同的国家有着不同的文化传统。句子需要一个形容词修饰名词traditions，方框中的名词culture需变为形容词形式cultural，表示“文化传统”。 10．句意：日复一日，他对中国文化越来越感兴趣，并决定多待一段时间。固定搭配become interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，此处用形容词interested，描述Jack对中国文化态度的变化。 5. 翻译句子 (1) 在美国，第一次与人见面时，你应该握手。 【答案】In the US, you should shake hands when you meet someone for the first time. (2) 当我们出去吃饭时，使用公筷是必要的。 【答案】It is necessary to use serving chopsticks when we dine out. (3) 印度人可能不常用刀叉。反而，他们通常用手来进食。 【答案】Indian people may not use a knife and fork very often. They usually eat with their hands instead. (4) 当你初次去外国时，经历“文化冲击”是正常的。 【答案】When you go to a foreign country for the first time, it’s normal to experience culture shock. (5) 你最好不要脱掉你的毛衣，除非你觉得太热。 【答案】You'd better not take off your sweater unless you feel too hot, (6) 他跑得如此快，以至于我们都追不上他。 【答案】He ran so quickly that none of us could catch up with him. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $