Unit1 词汇备课 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册
人教版九上unit1词汇备课
1. bring about
· 词性：动词短语
· 词义：带来；引起
· 近义词：cause, lead to
· 反义词：prevent, stop
· 词形转换：bring (原形) → brought (过去式/过去分词)
· 固定搭配：bring about changes (带来变化)；bring about a disaster (引起灾难)
· 例句：Science and technology have brought about great progress. (科技带来了巨大进步。)
· 练习题：
1. The new policy ________ about many positive changes in the past two years. (用bring的适当形式填空)
答案：has brought
解析：根据时间状语“in the past two years”可知用现在完成时，has brought。
2. This invention may _______ about a revolution in transport. (用bring的适当形式填空)
答案：bring
解析：may后接动词原形，故填bring。
2. rough
· 词性：形容词
· 词义：崎岖的；粗糙的；粗略的
· 近义词：uneven, coarse
· 反义词：smooth, flat
· 词形转换：roughly (副词) → roughness (名词)
· 固定搭配：rough road (崎岖的路)；rough paper (粗糙的纸)；rough idea (大致想法)
· 例句：The path through the forest is very rough. (穿过森林的小路非常崎岖。)
· 练习题：
1. He pushed the boat into the river ________ (rough). (用副词形式)
答案：roughly
解析：修饰动词pushed，需要副词，rough的副词是roughly。
2. The ________ (rough) of the surface made it hard to write on. (用名词形式)
答案：roughness
解析：作主语，用名词roughness，意为“粗糙”。
3. be covered with
· 词性：动词短语
· 词义：被……覆盖
· 近义词：be coated with
· 反义词：be exposed to
· 词形转换：cover (v. 覆盖) → uncovered (adj. 未覆盖的)
· 固定搭配：be covered with snow (被雪覆盖)；be covered with dust (布满灰尘)
· 例句：The mountain is covered with thick snow all year round. (这座山终年被厚厚的雪覆盖。)
· 练习题：
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1. She ________ her face with her hands when she heard the news. (用cover的适当形式填空)
答案：covered
解析：主动语态，表示“用手捂住脸”，用过去式covered。
2. The ground was ________ (cover) with fallen leaves. (用适当形式)
答案：covered
解析：be covered with固定搭配，cover用过去分词。
4. sandstorm
· 词性：名词
· 词义：沙尘暴
· 近义词：dust storm
· 反义词：无
· 词形转换：sand (n. 沙子) + storm (n. 风暴) → 复合名词
· 固定搭配：a severe sandstorm (严重的沙尘暴)；sandstorm warning (沙尘暴预警)
· 例句：Sandstorms often happen in spring in northern China. (中国北方春季常发生沙尘暴。)
· 练习题：
1. The ________ (sand) blew into our eyes during the storm. (用名词适当形式)
答案：sand
解析：sand表示“沙子”，不可数名词，这里直接作主语。
2. Many trees can help reduce the frequency of sand________ (storm). (用复数)
答案：storms
解析：可数名词，此处表示多场沙尘暴，用复数storms。
5. farmland
· 词性：名词
· 词义：耕地；农田
· 近义词：cropland, field
· 反义词：desert, wasteland
· 词形转换：farm (n./v.) + land (n.) → farmer (n. 农民)
· 固定搭配：protect farmland (保护耕地)；fertile farmland (肥沃的农田)
· 例句：The government tries to stop the loss of farmland. (政府努力阻止耕地流失。)
· 练习题：
1. My uncle is a ________ (farm). He works on the farmland every day. (用名词)
答案：farmer
解析：指人“农民”，加-er。
2. They ________ (farm) that land for many years. (用动词适当形式)
答案：have farmed
解析：根据时间状语“for many years”用现在完成时。
6. shortage
· 词性：名词
· 词义：短缺；不足
· 近义词：lack, deficiency
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· 反义词：surplus, abundance
· 词形转换：short (adj.) → shortage (n.) → shorten (v.) → shortly (adv.)
· 固定搭配：water shortage (缺水)；food shortage (食物短缺)；a shortage of … (缺乏……)
· 例句：Many African countries suffer from water shortage. (许多非洲国家面临缺水问题。)
· 练习题：
1. The days get ________ (short) in winter. (用比较级)
答案：shorter
解析：冬季白昼变“更短”，用比较级。
2. We need to ________ (short) the distance between the two cities. (用动词)
答案：shorten
解析：表示“缩短”，动词shorten。
7. lack
· 词性：名词 & 动词
· 词义：缺乏；不足
· 近义词：shortage, need
· 反义词：sufficiency, plenty
· 词形转换：lacking (adj.) (作表语时常见)
· 固定搭配：lack of (缺乏)；lack for nothing (什么都不缺)；be lacking in (缺少……)
· 例句：Lack of exercise can lead to health problems. (缺乏锻炼会导致健康问题。)
· 练习题：
1. She is ________ (lack) in confidence. (用适当形式)
答案：lacking
解析：be lacking in为固定搭配，表“缺乏”。
2. They didn’t sell the product because of ________ (lack) of demand. (用名词)
答案：lack
解析：a lack of… 名词用法。
8. bush
· 词性：名词
· 词义：灌木
· 近义词：shrub
· 反义词：tree (高大树木)
· 词形转换：bushy (adj. 灌木茂密的)
· 固定搭配：beat around the bush (拐弯抹角，初中可选讲)
· 例句：A rabbit hid in the bush. (一只兔子藏在灌木丛中。)
· 练习题：
1. The garden is full of ________ (bush) plants. (用形容词)
答案：bushy
解析：修饰plants，需要形容词bushy，意为“灌木茂密的”。
2. We walked through the ________ (bush) to get to the river. (用复数)
答案：bushes
解析：可数名词，复数加-es。
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