Unit 3 Food and Culture（知识清单）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Unit 3 Food and Culture 单词 1. 菜肴；风味；烹饪 _______________ 2. 先前的；优先的 _______________ 3. 在……之前 _______________ 4. 由……组成（或构成） _______________ 5. 由……组成（或构成） _______________ 6. 胡椒；胡椒粉；辣椒 _______________ 7. 烹饪法；食谱 _______________ 8. 大胆自信的；敢于冒险的 _______________ 9. 厨师；主厨 _______________ 10. 胡椒粒 _______________ 11. 醋 _______________ 12. 填满；把……塞进；东西；物品 ___________ 13. （切下的食物）薄片；把……切成薄片 _______________ 14. 切下 _______________ 15. 洋葱；葱头 _______________ 16. 羊羔肉；羔羊 _______________ 17. 烤羊肉串 _______________ 18. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的 _______________ 19. 点心（中国食品） _______________ 20. 特别的；罕见的 _______________ 21. 最小值；最少量；最低（限度）的；最小的 _______________ 22. 吃；喝；饮；消耗 _______________ 23. 脾气；火气 _______________ 24. 素食者 _______________ 25. 无用的东西 _______________ 26. 垃圾食品 _______________ 27. 蒜 _______________ 28. 熏猪肉；咸肉 _______________ 29. 火腿 _______________ 30. 香肠；腊肠 _______________ 31. 甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜 _______________ 32. 豆腐 _______________ 33. 品牌 _______________ 34. 油橄榄；橄榄树 _______________ 35. 无花果 _______________ 36. （尤指烹饪）材料；成分 _______________ 37. （饭后）甜点 _______________ 38. 生面团 _______________ 39. 稳定的；稳重的 _______________ 40. （苏格兰）羊杂碎肚 _______________ 41. 食堂；餐厅 _______________ 42. 自助餐厅；自助食堂 _______________ 43. 圆面包；小圆甜饼 _______________ 44. 辣椒 _______________ 45. 猪肉 _______________ 46. 红烧肉 _______________ 47. 珍珠 _______________ 48. 有点；稍微 _______________ 49. 夫人；女士 _______________ 50. 卡路里（热量单位） _______________ 51. 协会；关联 _______________ 52. 不顾；不加理会 _______________ 53. 不管；不顾 _______________ 54. 类别；种类 _______________ 55. 维生素 _______________ 56. 纤维；纤维制品 _______________ 57. 数量；数额 _______________ 58. 奶制的；乳品（业）的；乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂 _______________ 59. 适度；合理 _______________ 60. 完美的；理想的；想象的；理想；完美的人（或事物） _______________ 61. 根本的；基础的；基本的；基本规律；根本法则 _______________ 62. 咀嚼；嚼碎；咀嚼 _______________ 63. 一致的；连续的 _______________ 64. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的 _______________ 65. 诀窍；计谋；把戏 _______________ 短语 1. 在……之前 _______________ 2. 由……组成（或构成） _______________ 3. 切下 _______________ 4. 不管；不顾 _______________ 熟词生义 1. 熟义：东西；物品 生义：填满；把……塞进 _______________ 2. 熟义：品牌 生义：打烙印于；加污名于 _______________ 3. 熟义：盘子 生义：菜肴；风味 _______________ 4. 熟义：脾气 生义：使缓和；使温和 _______________ 5. 熟义：把戏；恶作剧 生义：诀窍；技巧 _______________ 6. 熟义：全面的；综合的 生义：总体上；大致上 _______________ 句型 1. 句型公式: what 引导表语从句 _______________ 人如其食(吃什么你就是什么样的人)。 2. 句型公式: that 引导同位语从句 _______________ 然而, 越来越多的证据表明, 相比油腻的食物, 糖是给健康带来不良影响的真正原因。 3. 句型公式: how 引导宾语从句 _______________ 怎么样生活以及对饮食做出正确的决定都取决于你。 语法 1. 过去完成时 2. 过去完成时的被动语态 一、词汇清单 知识点1 association n.协会；关联；联想；交往 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1) The book on Chinese cuisine was published in __________ (associate) with a local company. (2) Before taking this class, I always associate success __________ hard work only. ・in association with... 与…… 合作；与…… 有关联 ・associate vt. 联想；联系 associate...with... 把…… 和…… 联系在一起 ・be associated with... 与…… 有关 ・associate with... 与…… 交往；结交 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵 (3) 这次公益活动是由学生会联合一些爱心企业共同举办的。 This charity event was held by the student union in association with some caring enterprises. (4) 如果你经常和乐观的人交往，你的心态也会变得更积极。 If you often associate with optimistic people, your mindset will also become more positive. 知识点2 quantity n.数量；数额 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1) A large quantity of water __________ (be) wasted in our daily life. (2) Quantities of food __________ (send) to the disaster area last month. ・a large/great quantity of... 大量的……（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数） ・quantities of... 大量的……（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词用复数） ・in quantity 大量地；在数量上 ・quantity of …… 的数量 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵 (3) 这家超市每天都会进大量的新鲜蔬菜。 The supermarket purchases a large quantity of fresh vegetables every day. (4) 近年来，大量的新能源汽车被投入市场。 In recent years, quantities of new energy vehicles have been put into the market. 知识点3 trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏v．欺骗；欺诈 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1) The magician showed us some amazing tricks __________ (perform) on the stage. (2) Don’t let him trick you __________ believing his lies. ・trick sb into doing sth 哄骗 / 欺骗某人做某事 ・trick sb out of sth 骗取某人某物 ・play tricks/a trick on sb 捉弄某人；开某人玩笑 ・trick of the trade 行业诀窍；谋生手段 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵 (3) 孩子们喜欢在愚人节互相捉弄对方。 Children love to play tricks on each other on April Fool’s Day. (4) 他骗老人买了毫无用处的保健品。 He tricked the old man into buying useless health products. 知识点4 minimum adj. 最小的；最低的；n. 最小值；最低限度 [先练基础]—— 单句语法填空 (1) The price of this product is reduced to __________ minimum level. (2) We must keep the noise down to a minimum __________ (avoid) disturbing others. ・at a minimum 至少；最低限度 ・keep sth to a minimum 把…… 降到最低限度 ・minimum wage 最低工资 ・minimum requirement 最低要求 [再提能力]—— 完美写作・完成句子・背诵 (3) 为了保护环境，我们应该把一次性用品的使用降到最低。 To protect the environment, we should keep the use of disposable products to a minimum. (4) 这份工作的最低要求是熟练掌握一门外语。 The minimum requirement for this job is a good command of a foreign language. 知识点5 consume v. 消费；消耗；耗费；吃 / 喝；烧毁 [先练基础]—— 单句语法填空 (1) The factory consumes a large amount of energy __________ (produce) goods every day. (2) We need to reduce the amount of water __________ (consume) in daily life. ・consume energy/time 消耗精力 / 时间 ・consume food/drinks 吃 / 喝食物 / 饮料 ・be consumed with 被…… 吞噬 / 充满（某种强烈情绪） ・consumer n. 消费者 ・consumption n. 消费；消耗 [再提能力]—— 完美写作・完成句子・背诵 (3) 随着生活水平的提高，消费者的消费观念也发生了很大变化。 With the improvement of living standards, consumers’ consumption concepts have changed a lot. (4) 她被强烈的嫉妒心吞噬，做出了不理智的行为。 She was consumed with intense jealousy and did something irrational. 知识点6 consist of由……组成(或构成) 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1)Life mainly consists happiness and sorrow while happiness consists in struggle. (2)Keep in mind that our ideal life is not always consistent the reality. •consist in在于；存在于；以……为主 •consist of＝be made up of＝be comprised of＝be composed of由……组成 注意：consist of没有进行时态和被动语态。 •consistent adj.一致的；连续的 be consistent with...与……一致 再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵 (3)大家都知道，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。(读后续写之升华句) ①It is universally acknowledged that life not only sunshine but also storms. ②It is universally acknowledged that life not only sunshine but also storms. ③It is universally acknowledged that life not only sunshine but also storms. ④It is universally acknowledged that not only sunshine but also storms life. (4)这部短片由两部分组成，介绍了我校的历史和现状。 ①The short film， ，introduces the history and present situation of our school.(运用分词短语作定语，consist) ②The short film， ，introduces the history and present situation of our school.(运用定语从句，consist) 知识点7 regardless of不顾；不管 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1)Our club is open to everyone regardless age，sex or educational background. (2)They continued to work regardless of the fact it was raining. •regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价) regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实 •in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句) •with regard to关于；至于 再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵 (3)不管有多大的挑战，为了给妹妹赢一双新鞋，阿里(Ali)决定参加跑步比赛。尽管在比赛中意外摔倒，阿里还是跳了起来，冲向终点线。至于结果，阿里赢得了三等奖，获得了新鞋，像鸟儿一样飞奔回家。 Regardless of great challenges，Ali was determined to take part in the running race to win a new pair of shoes for his sister.In spite of/Despite an unexpected fall during the race，Ali jumped to his feet and dashed towards the finish line.With regard to the result，Ali won the third prize，got the new shoes，and flew to his home like a bird. 二、语法清单 过去完成时与过去完成时被动语态 一、过去完成时 （一）基本构成 had + 动词过去分词（done）（注：had 无人称和数的变化，所有主语均用 had） （二）核心用法 表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前，已经完成或结束的动作/状态，即“过去的过去”，句中必须有明确的过去时间作为参照。 （三）常用时间标志词 by + 过去时间点（by last week, by the end of last term） before + 过去动作/过去时间 when/until 引导的一般过去时从句 already, yet, never, ever, just, once 等副词 （四）句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他 1. 否定句：主语 + had not (hadn't) + 过去分词 + 其他 1. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had. 否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn't. （五）经典例句 1. By the end of last month, we had learned 2000 English words. 到上个月底，我们已经学了2000个英语单词。 2. When I arrived at the station, the train had left already. 我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。 3. She had never seen such a wonderful film before. 她之前从未看过如此精彩的电影。 4. He told me he had finished his college education. 他告诉我他已经完成了大学学业。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 （一）基本构成 had been + 动词过去分词（done） （主动：had done → 被动：had been done，核心是加 been 体现被动） （二）核心用法 表示过去的过去，某一动作已经被完成，主语是动作的承受者，同样需有过去时间参照。 （三）句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + had been + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) + 其他 2. 否定句：主语 + had not (hadn't) been + 过去分词 + 其他 3. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 其他？ （四）经典例句 1. The bridge had been built before we came here. 我们来这里之前，这座桥就已经建好了。 2. All the tickets had been sold out when they got to the cinema. 他们到达电影院时，所有票都已经卖光了。 3. The problem hadn't been solved until the teacher came. 直到老师来，这个问题才被解决。 4. Had the letter been sent before you left school? 你离开学校前，这封信已经寄出去了吗？ 三、主动与被动语态对比（高中易考点） 语态 结构 例句 过去完成时（主动） had + done We had finished the experiment. 过去完成时（被动） had been + done The experiment had been finished by us. 四、高中易错点提醒 1. 过去完成时必须有过去的时间/动作作为参照，不能单独使用； 2. 被动语态中been 绝对不能省略，避免写成 had done 表被动； 3. 短暂性动词（leave, die, buy）的过去完成时，不能与时间段连用； 4. 考试中常出现在宾语从句、状语从句中，需重点判断动作先后顺序。 五、高考高频考点总结 1. 考查 by + 过去时间，主句用过去完成时； 2. 考查两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时； 3. 考查被动语境下的过去完成时，侧重动作的承受关系。 【经典练】　 1. By the time he graduated from high school, he ______ (master) three foreign languages. 2. When we hurried to the theatre, all the seats ______ (take) already. 3. She told me that she ______ (read) the novel twice before. 4. The bridge ______ (repair) before the rainy season came last year. 5. He didn’t go to the party because he ______ (not invite). 6. By the end of last term, our class ______ (complete) all the review tasks. 7. When I got to the classroom, the teacher ______ (begin) his lesson. 8. Many old houses ______ (pull) down before the new road was built. 9. I ______ (never see) such a beautiful view until I visited the mountain. 10. All the preparations ______ (make) before the sports meeting started. 三、写作清单 描述类说明文 描述类说明文一般是用简明的语言对某个事物、某项活动、某个产品或者某种风俗习惯进行描写，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。 [基本框架] 描述类说明文的结构安排： 1．简要说明所要描述的事物。 2．从不同的方面详细说明，并表达自己的看法或观点。 3．总结概括。 [常用词块] 1．keep us healthy使我们健康 2．have healthy eating habits有健康的饮食习惯 3．in different ways以不同的方式 4．be very important for对……非常重要 5．stay far from远离 6．a growing focus on health care越来越注重养生 7．be of great help to对……帮助很大 8．change some of our eating habits改变一些我们的饮食习惯 9．for some reason由于某个理由；由于某种原因 10．realize the importance of意识到……的重要性 [常用语句] 1．Healthy eating habits are very important for our health. 健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康很重要。 2．Besides，we should focus on a balanced diet，which assures us the necessary nutritions. 此外，我们应该注意饮食平衡，这能保证我们必要的营养。 3．It is said that most of the students do not eat anything at all in the morning，which is very bad for health. 据说大部分的学生早上几乎什么都不吃，这对健康是有害的。 4．As the saying goes，bread is the staff of life，eating healthily and deliciously is the goal we pursue. 俗话说，民以食为天，吃得美味又健康是我们所追求的目标。 5．From my point of view，in order to build healthy eating habits，we should eat more vegetables and less fat and sugar. 我认为，为了养成健康的饮食习惯，我们应该多吃蔬菜，少摄入脂肪和糖分。 6．All in all，we should realize the importance of healthy diet. 总之，我们应该意识到健康饮食的重要性。 请用英语写一篇短文，描述自己的饮食习惯，并就“健康饮食”提出自己的看法或建议。 注意：1.字数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Food and Culture 单词 1. cuisine n. 菜肴；风味；烹饪 2. prior adj. 先前的；优先的 3. prior to 在……之前 4. consist vi. 由……组成（或构成） 5. consist of 由……组成（或构成） 6. pepper n. 胡椒；胡椒粉；辣椒 7. recipe n. 烹饪法；食谱 8. bold adj. 大胆自信的；敢于冒险的 9. chef n. 厨师；主厨 10. peppercorn n. 胡椒粒 11. vinegar n. 醋 12. stuff vt. 填满；把……塞进 n. 东西；物品 13. slice n. （切下的食物）薄片 vt. 把……切成薄片 14. slice … off 切下 15. onion n. 洋葱；葱头 16. lamb n. 羊羔肉；羔羊 17. lamb kebab 烤羊肉串 18. elegant adj. 精美的；讲究的；文雅的 19. dim sum n. 点心（中国食品） 20. exceptional adj. 特别的；罕见的 21. minimum n. 最小值；最少量 adj. 最低（限度）的；最小的 22. consume vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗 23. temper n. 脾气；火气 24. vegetarian n. 素食者 25. junk n. 无用的东西 26. junk food 垃圾食品 27. garlic n. 蒜 28. bacon n. 熏猪肉；咸肉 29. ham n. 火腿 30. sausage n. 香肠；腊肠 31. cabbage n. 甘蓝；卷心菜；洋白菜 32. bean curd n. 豆腐 33. brand n. 品牌 34. olive n. 油橄榄；橄榄树 35. fig n. 无花果 36. ingredient n. （尤指烹饪）材料；成分 37. dessert n. （饭后）甜点 38. dough n. 生面团 39. stable adj. 稳定的；稳重的 40. haggis n. （苏格兰）羊杂碎肚 41. canteen n. 食堂；餐厅 42. cafeteria n. 自助餐厅；自助食堂 43. bun n. 圆面包；小圆甜饼 44. chilli n. 辣椒 45. pork n. 猪肉 46. red braised pork 红烧肉 47. pearl n. 珍珠 48. somewhat adv. 有点；稍微 49. madam n. 夫人；女士 50. calorie n. 卡路里（热量单位） 51. association n. 协会；关联 52. regardless adv. 不顾；不加理会 53. regardless of 不管；不顾 54. category n. 类别；种类 55. vitamin n. 维生素 56. fibre n. 纤维；纤维制品 57. quantity n. 数量；数额 58. dairy adj. 奶制的；乳品（业）的 n. 乳制品；乳品店；牛奶厂 59. moderation n. 适度；合理 60. ideal adj. 完美的；理想的；想象的 n. 理想；完美的人（或事物） 61. fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的；基本的 n. 基本规律；根本法则 62. chew vi. & vt. 咀嚼；嚼碎 n. 咀嚼 63. consistent adj. 一致的；连续的 64. modest adj. 些许的；谦虚的；朴素的 65. trick n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏 短语 1. prior to 在……之前 2. consist of 由……组成（或构成） 3. slice … off 切下 4. regardless of 不管；不顾 熟词生义 1. stuff：熟义 n. 东西；物品；生义 vt. 填满；把……塞进 2. brand：熟义 n. 品牌；生义 vt. 打烙印于；加污名于 3. dish：熟义 n. 盘子；生义 cuisine 引申义 菜肴；风味 4. temper：熟义 n. 脾气；生义 vt. 使缓和；使温和 5. trick：熟义 n. 把戏；恶作剧；生义 n. 诀窍；技巧 6. overall：熟义 adj. 全面的；综合的；生义 adv. 总体上；大致上 句型 1. 句型公式: what 引导表语从句 You are what you eat.   人如其食(吃什么你就是什么样的人)。 2. 句型公式: that 引导同位语从句 However, there is increasing evidence that the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, as it is sugar.   然而, 越来越多的证据表明, 相比油腻的食物, 糖是给健康带来不良影响的真正原因。 3. 句型公式: how 引导宾语从句 It is up to you to decide how you want to live, and to make the right decisions about your diet.   怎么样生活以及对饮食做出正确的决定都取决于你。 语法 1. 过去完成时 2. 过去完成时的被动语态 一、词汇清单 知识点1 association n.协会；关联；联想；交往 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1) The book on Chinese cuisine was published in __________ (associate) with a local company. (2) Before taking this class, I always associate success __________ hard work only. 【答案】1.association2.with ・in association with... 与…… 合作；与…… 有关联 ・associate vt. 联想；联系 associate...with... 把…… 和…… 联系在一起 ・be associated with... 与…… 有关 ・associate with... 与…… 交往；结交 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵 (3) 这次公益活动是由学生会联合一些爱心企业共同举办的。 This charity event was held by the student union in association with some caring enterprises. (4) 如果你经常和乐观的人交往，你的心态也会变得更积极。 If you often associate with optimistic people, your mindset will also become more positive. 知识点2 quantity n.数量；数额 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1) A large quantity of water __________ (be) wasted in our daily life. (2) Quantities of food __________ (send) to the disaster area last month. 【答案】1. is/was 2. were sent ・a large/great quantity of... 大量的……（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数） ・quantities of... 大量的……（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词用复数） ・in quantity 大量地；在数量上 ・quantity of …… 的数量 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵 (3) 这家超市每天都会进大量的新鲜蔬菜。 The supermarket purchases a large quantity of fresh vegetables every day. (4) 近年来，大量的新能源汽车被投入市场。 In recent years, quantities of new energy vehicles have been put into the market. 知识点3 trick n．诀窍；计谋；把戏v．欺骗；欺诈 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1) The magician showed us some amazing tricks __________ (perform) on the stage. (2) Don’t let him trick you __________ believing his lies. 【答案】1. performed 2. into ・trick sb into doing sth 哄骗 / 欺骗某人做某事 ・trick sb out of sth 骗取某人某物 ・play tricks/a trick on sb 捉弄某人；开某人玩笑 ・trick of the trade 行业诀窍；谋生手段 再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵 (3) 孩子们喜欢在愚人节互相捉弄对方。 Children love to play tricks on each other on April Fool’s Day. (4) 他骗老人买了毫无用处的保健品。 He tricked the old man into buying useless health products. 知识点4 minimum adj. 最小的；最低的；n. 最小值；最低限度 [先练基础]—— 单句语法填空 (1) The price of this product is reduced to __________ minimum level. (2) We must keep the noise down to a minimum __________ (avoid) disturbing others. 【答案】1. the 2. to avoid ・at a minimum 至少；最低限度 ・keep sth to a minimum 把…… 降到最低限度 ・minimum wage 最低工资 ・minimum requirement 最低要求 [再提能力]—— 完美写作・完成句子・背诵 (3) 为了保护环境，我们应该把一次性用品的使用降到最低。 To protect the environment, we should keep the use of disposable products to a minimum. (4) 这份工作的最低要求是熟练掌握一门外语。 The minimum requirement for this job is a good command of a foreign language. 知识点5 consume v. 消费；消耗；耗费；吃 / 喝；烧毁 [先练基础]—— 单句语法填空 (1) The factory consumes a large amount of energy __________ (produce) goods every day. (2) We need to reduce the amount of water __________ (consume) in daily life. 【答案】1. to produce 2. consumed ・consume energy/time 消耗精力 / 时间 ・consume food/drinks 吃 / 喝食物 / 饮料 ・be consumed with 被…… 吞噬 / 充满（某种强烈情绪） ・consumer n. 消费者 ・consumption n. 消费；消耗 [再提能力]—— 完美写作・完成句子・背诵 (3) 随着生活水平的提高，消费者的消费观念也发生了很大变化。 With the improvement of living standards, consumers’ consumption concepts have changed a lot. (4) 她被强烈的嫉妒心吞噬，做出了不理智的行为。 She was consumed with intense jealousy and did something irrational. 知识点6 consist of由……组成(或构成) 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1)Life mainly consists happiness and sorrow while happiness consists in struggle. (2)Keep in mind that our ideal life is not always consistent the reality. 【答案】1.of 2.with •consist in在于；存在于；以……为主 •consist of＝be made up of＝be comprised of＝be composed of由……组成 注意：consist of没有进行时态和被动语态。 •consistent adj.一致的；连续的 be consistent with...与……一致 再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵 (3)大家都知道，生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。(读后续写之升华句) ①It is universally acknowledged that life not only sunshine but also storms. ②It is universally acknowledged that life not only sunshine but also storms. ③It is universally acknowledged that life not only sunshine but also storms. ④It is universally acknowledged that not only sunshine but also storms life. (4)这部短片由两部分组成，介绍了我校的历史和现状。 ①The short film， ，introduces the history and present situation of our school.(运用分词短语作定语，consist) ②The short film， ，introduces the history and present situation of our school.(运用定语从句，consist) 【答案】3.consists of， is made up of ，is composed/comprised of ，make up4.consisting of two parts，which consists of two parts 知识点7 regardless of不顾；不管 先练基础——单句语法填空 (1)Our club is open to everyone regardless age，sex or educational background. (2)They continued to work regardless of the fact it was raining. 【答案】1.of 2.that •regardless of 不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价) regardless of the fact that...不顾……的事实 •in spite of＝despite尽管(后常接名词，不接从句) •with regard to关于；至于 再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵 (3)不管有多大的挑战，为了给妹妹赢一双新鞋，阿里(Ali)决定参加跑步比赛。尽管在比赛中意外摔倒，阿里还是跳了起来，冲向终点线。至于结果，阿里赢得了三等奖，获得了新鞋，像鸟儿一样飞奔回家。 Regardless of great challenges，Ali was determined to take part in the running race to win a new pair of shoes for his sister.In spite of/Despite an unexpected fall during the race，Ali jumped to his feet and dashed towards the finish line.With regard to the result，Ali won the third prize，got the new shoes，and flew to his home like a bird. 二、语法清单 过去完成时与过去完成时被动语态 一、过去完成时 （一）基本构成 had + 动词过去分词（done）（注：had 无人称和数的变化，所有主语均用 had） （二）核心用法 表示过去某一时间或某一动作之前，已经完成或结束的动作/状态，即“过去的过去”，句中必须有明确的过去时间作为参照。 （三）常用时间标志词 by + 过去时间点（by last week, by the end of last term） before + 过去动作/过去时间 when/until 引导的一般过去时从句 already, yet, never, ever, just, once 等副词 （四）句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他 1. 否定句：主语 + had not (hadn't) + 过去分词 + 其他 1. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + had. 否定回答：No, 主语 + hadn't. （五）经典例句 1. By the end of last month, we had learned 2000 English words. 到上个月底，我们已经学了2000个英语单词。 2. When I arrived at the station, the train had left already. 我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。 3. She had never seen such a wonderful film before. 她之前从未看过如此精彩的电影。 4. He told me he had finished his college education. 他告诉我他已经完成了大学学业。 二、过去完成时的被动语态 （一）基本构成 had been + 动词过去分词（done） （主动：had done → 被动：had been done，核心是加 been 体现被动） （二）核心用法 表示过去的过去，某一动作已经被完成，主语是动作的承受者，同样需有过去时间参照。 （三）句式结构 1. 肯定句：主语 + had been + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) + 其他 2. 否定句：主语 + had not (hadn't) been + 过去分词 + 其他 3. 一般疑问句：Had + 主语 + been + 过去分词 + 其他？ （四）经典例句 1. The bridge had been built before we came here. 我们来这里之前，这座桥就已经建好了。 2. All the tickets had been sold out when they got to the cinema. 他们到达电影院时，所有票都已经卖光了。 3. The problem hadn't been solved until the teacher came. 直到老师来，这个问题才被解决。 4. Had the letter been sent before you left school? 你离开学校前，这封信已经寄出去了吗？ 三、主动与被动语态对比（高中易考点） 语态 结构 例句 过去完成时（主动） had + done We had finished the experiment. 过去完成时（被动） had been + done The experiment had been finished by us. 四、高中易错点提醒 1. 过去完成时必须有过去的时间/动作作为参照，不能单独使用； 2. 被动语态中been 绝对不能省略，避免写成 had done 表被动； 3. 短暂性动词（leave, die, buy）的过去完成时，不能与时间段连用； 4. 考试中常出现在宾语从句、状语从句中，需重点判断动作先后顺序。 五、高考高频考点总结 1. 考查 by + 过去时间，主句用过去完成时； 2. 考查两个过去动作，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时； 3. 考查被动语境下的过去完成时，侧重动作的承受关系。 【经典练】　 1. By the time he graduated from high school, he ______ (master) three foreign languages. 2. When we hurried to the theatre, all the seats ______ (take) already. 3. She told me that she ______ (read) the novel twice before. 4. The bridge ______ (repair) before the rainy season came last year. 5. He didn’t go to the party because he ______ (not invite). 6. By the end of last term, our class ______ (complete) all the review tasks. 7. When I got to the classroom, the teacher ______ (begin) his lesson. 8. Many old houses ______ (pull) down before the new road was built. 9. I ______ (never see) such a beautiful view until I visited the mountain. 10. All the preparations ______ (make) before the sports meeting started. 参考答案 1. had mastered 2. had been taken 3. had read 4. had been repaired 5. had not been invited 6. had completed 7. had begun 8. had been pulled 9. had never seen 10. had been made 三、写作清单 描述类说明文 描述类说明文一般是用简明的语言对某个事物、某项活动、某个产品或者某种风俗习惯进行描写，从而给读者提供知识的一种文体。 [基本框架] 描述类说明文的结构安排： 1．简要说明所要描述的事物。 2．从不同的方面详细说明，并表达自己的看法或观点。 3．总结概括。 [常用词块] 1．keep us healthy使我们健康 2．have healthy eating habits有健康的饮食习惯 3．in different ways以不同的方式 4．be very important for对……非常重要 5．stay far from远离 6．a growing focus on health care越来越注重养生 7．be of great help to对……帮助很大 8．change some of our eating habits改变一些我们的饮食习惯 9．for some reason由于某个理由；由于某种原因 10．realize the importance of意识到……的重要性 [常用语句] 1．Healthy eating habits are very important for our health. 健康的饮食习惯对我们的健康很重要。 2．Besides，we should focus on a balanced diet，which assures us the necessary nutritions. 此外，我们应该注意饮食平衡，这能保证我们必要的营养。 3．It is said that most of the students do not eat anything at all in the morning，which is very bad for health. 据说大部分的学生早上几乎什么都不吃，这对健康是有害的。 4．As the saying goes，bread is the staff of life，eating healthily and deliciously is the goal we pursue. 俗话说，民以食为天，吃得美味又健康是我们所追求的目标。 5．From my point of view，in order to build healthy eating habits，we should eat more vegetables and less fat and sugar. 我认为，为了养成健康的饮食习惯，我们应该多吃蔬菜，少摄入脂肪和糖分。 6．All in all，we should realize the importance of healthy diet. 总之，我们应该意识到健康饮食的重要性。 请用英语写一篇短文，描述自己的饮食习惯，并就“健康饮食”提出自己的看法或建议。 注意：1.字数80左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 [参考范文] Like most people from the North，cooked wheaten food is always my favorite.I often have noodles for breakfast，steam bread or pancake for lunch and supper.I eat vegetables every day.I like seafood though it's a little expensive.I often go out for good meals with my families and friends，but we often eat a lot of meat there. I think we should form healthy eating habits.Breakfast is very important to our health.Besides，we'd better eat less meat and more fresh vegetables.All in all，we should realize the importance of healthy diet. 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $