2025-2026学年度下学期高一周测英语试卷

2025-2026学年度下学期周测 高一英语试卷 本试卷满分75分。考试时间50分钟。考试结束后，只交答题卡。 第Ⅰ卷（选择题共60分） 第一部分：阅读理解（共两部分，满分50分） 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每小题所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出一个最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Melted Wax (融化的蜡) Planets This colorful, space-inspired craft (手工) is a fantastic way to give broken crayons a new life! The melted wax creates amazing, one-of-a-kind planets that you will be proud of. What you’ll need: White paper Old wax crayons A sharpener Kitchen roll An iron (熨斗) How to make it First, use a pencil sharpener to create shavings (碎屑) from the crayons. This is good practice for careful hand movement. To plan your colors, you could choose blues and greens for Earth, and reds and oranges for Mars. Next, fold a piece of paper in half and arrange a thin covering of shavings on one side. Fold the paper over, place the kitchen roll on top, and carefully iron for a few seconds until the wax melts. Once the wax is cool, open the paper to see your design, and then cut out circles to create planets. If you’re making Saturn, don’t forget its well-known ring! Sensory play idea The melted wax effect is striking. To turn the craft into a full sensory small-world play experience, you can put your planets in a big dish filled with black beans for a dramatic space setting. Little spoons are perfect for picking up and pouring the black beans in this space setup, and this repetitive action is a great way to improve concentration. 1. What is the first step of the activity? A. Melting the crayons with an iron. B. Turning the crayons into pieces. C. Cutting circles for planets. D. Folding the paper in half. 2. Why are black beans used in the sensory play? A. To improve hand strength. B. To cover up the wax mess. C. To make the planets tougher. D. To create a space background. 3. What is the main purpose of the text? A. To recommend some kitchen tools. B. To teach space knowledge in detail. C. To introduce a way to reuse crayons. D. To describe planets in the solar system. B Once upon a time, American astronauts drank Tang, a drink that tastes like orange juice, on their spacecraft. Today, feeding astronauts in space has come a long way from the early days of Tang. Yuri Gagarin is famous for being the first person in space, and he was also the first person to have a meal while surveying the Earth below. Shortly after Gagarin’s first meal in space, NASA began a tradition of serving its astronauts a hearty meal of steak (牛排) and eggs before each lift-off. It wouldn’t be long before American astronauts started having meals while orbiting the Earth. In the early days of space exploration, food choices were limited. Bite-sized and freeze-dried foods weren’t exactly delicious, and they were also difficult to manage. The Apollo program took astronauts to the Moon and also ameliorated the quality of space food. The most important advance: the Apollo astronauts were the first to use hot water in space, which allowed them to prepare really healthy meals, such as beef stew or chicken and rice. Today, astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS) have access to over 200 standard menu items. Spacecraft also bring regular deliveries of fresh produce. Recently, Chinese astronauts in Tiangong, China’s space station, even enjoyed freshly baked (烤制的) chicken wings, prepared in a hot air oven specifically designed for smoke-free operation. This progress is part of a broader effort to improve living conditions in orbit. Life in space isn’t easy. So, it makes good sense to provide astronauts with balanced, tasty meals—whether close to home on the ISS or on much longer journeys in the future. After all, it’s hard to do good science on an empty stomach. 4. What can we learn about Yuri Gagarin? A. He pioneered freeze-dried food for astronauts. B. He was the first person to eat a meal in space. C. He spoke very highly of the drink Tang. D. He started the pre-flight meal tradition. 5. What does the underlined word “ameliorated” in paragraph 3 most probably mean? A. Improved. B. Reported. C. Questioned. D. Compared. 6. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. Present developments in space food. B. Ways to cook in space stations. C. Menus of the ISS astronauts. D. Life on China’s Tiangong. 7. Why does the author write the text? A. To stress astronauts’ achievements. B. To show the importance of the ISS. C. To tell the history of space food. D. To compare different space stations. C Solar power is one form of renewable energy. In fact, solar power produced over 7 percent of global energy in 2024. This means a huge number of solar panels (太阳能电池板) were in use. But what can you do with a worn-out solar panel? Attempting to recycle solar panels for precious metals like silver has been a difficult process. Now, a new approach safely recovers 97 percent of silver from the panels. Australia is a world leader in the use of solar power. By 2050, the country will have more than one million tonnes of worn-out panels. There is a very large amount of silver in those panels. Currently, the silver recovery methods take many hours and depend on chemical-intensive (化学密集型的) processes that have environmental and safety risks. That’s why researchers from the University of Newcastle set out to find a better way to recover the silver the panels contain. The team was led by Associate Professor Mahshid Firouzi, from the University of Newcastle’s Centre for Critical Minerals and Urban Mining (CRITIUM), and the results were published in ChemRxiv. The new method they found breaks down old panels into tiny pieces using mechanical (机械的) force first and then uses a floatation technique to float the valuable metals to the top. It reduces chemical intensity and produces much less waste. The results support a circular economy with reduced environmental impact. This could also address an ongoing supply-demand problem in the silver market. But silver is only the starting point. The researchers will look into the recovery of silicon (硅) from the worn-out solar panels. These efforts could also create jobs in resource recovery and production. 8. What is mentioned about Australia? A. It will face a big solar panel waste issue. B. It invented the new recycling technology. C. It is experiencing a serious silver shortage. D. It creates the most solar panels worldwide. 9. How does the new method support a circular economy? A. It uses less energy when recovering silver. B. It recovers more kinds of metals at a time. C. It reuses all parts of solar panels effectively. D. It reduces chemical use and waste production. 10. What will the researchers probably do next? A. Solve the problems the silver market is facing. B. Explore silicon recovery from solar panels. C. Increase the production of solar panels. D. Promote the use of the new method. 11. How is the text mainly developed? A. By presenting an idea and proving its value. B. By listing disadvantages and analysing causes. C. By describing a problem and presenting a solution. D. By comparing old and new recycling methods. D When tourists explore nature, their thoughts are often focused on the animals they’ll get to see. But animals may also have them in mind, according to a new study from the University of Georgia. With tourism becoming more common, humans and animals will cross paths more often. Not only are tourists coming to watch the animals, but researchers are also staying out for long periods of time to count populations of different species. The study focused on how humans being nearby influenced the behavior of African mammals (哺乳动物), including lions and zebras, while at waterholes. “When humans are present, some animals change their daily activity patterns,” said Jessy Patterson, lead author of the study. “We think that the carnivores (食肉动物) changed because of the human presence, and the herbivores (食草动物) changed because of the carnivore presence. It was not just one species that changed their behavior.” The study used a series of camera traps that took photos when animals walked by. Based on these pictures, researchers determined when and how often animals were visiting waterholes. When humans were around, the time of day when some mammals came to the waterhole changed compared to periods when humans weren’t present. Some would visit earlier, while others visited later. Animals changing schedules can lead to different species coming into contact when they usually wouldn’t—something that’s especially a problem for some herbivores that could run into predators (捕食者) that typically aren’t active during those times of the day. Even so, tourism remains an important tool for bringing attention and money to wildlife protection, the researchers said. It also offers employment and a source of income to many people, especially in the countryside. “But it also brings people into an environment that is untouched,” said Patterson. “I certainly appreciate wildlife-based tourism, and I support it. We just need to fully understand how we’re impacting the animals and come up with strategies to reduce that.” 12. What is the study mainly about? A. Wildlife protection methods. B. Humans’ impact on animals. C. Ways to attract tourists. D. Species near waterholes. 13. Why did herbivores change their behavior? A. To compete for limited food. B. To search for new waterholes. C. To escape human observation. D. To avoid their natural enemies. 14. What may result from animals’ new schedules? A. Earlier tourist arrival. B. Fewer kinds of animals. C. Less competition for food. D. More dangerous meetings. 15. What does Patterson think of wildlife-based tourism? A. It lacks proper protection. B. It brings in enough money. C. It needs better management. D. It depends on animal research. 第二节：七选五（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将其涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 There are good reasons why the Moon is a lifeless rock. The creatures trying to survive on the lunar surface have to deal with daytime temperatures of up to 127°C and lows of -173°C at night. __16__ The little water that’s there is trapped in ice or rock, and the thin atmosphere is about as unbreathable as it gets. It’s clear that humans weren’t built for the Moon. __17__ Smart design. The lunar module (登月舱) that landed the Apollo astronauts on the Moon kept them safe from danger with special protective covers and a strong metal body. The best part was its life support system. The system kept air, pressure, temperature and water safe for the astronauts to live. The Apollo astronauts were safe in the lunar module but they certainly weren’t comfortable. There were no cooking or washing facilities, and the polite way of describing the toilet situation was “basic”. With just 4.5 m³ of living space, it was also very crowded. __18__ And if they needed to sleep, they had to hang up a hammock (吊床) or find a free corner. __19__To do this, they had to let all the air out of the module. Then they had to crawl (爬) feet first through the opening and climb down the ladder (梯子) until they finally touched lunar soil. In fact, the astronauts could walk on the Moon for hours at a time. While outside, they performed many tasks that tested the spacesuit’s flexibility. They collected lunar soil and rocks, conducted experiments, planted flags, and surveyed and photographed the surface. __20__ A. The astronauts had nowhere to sit. B. So how did the Apollo astronauts survive? C. One astronaut even found time to play a little golf. D. But what if life could adapt to such extreme conditions? E. As a result, leaving the lunar module was probably a relief. F. And they definitely can’t be air breathers or water drinkers. G. The Moon’s low gravity meant astronauts could jump very high. 第三部分：完形填空。（共15题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Blackwell grew up comfortably in a middle-class family in Madison. After college, he taught at a high school in Englewood, Chicago. It was there that he saw the __21__ of life and the __22__ his students faced. Englewood was once a popular commercial district, but as local industries __23__, many residents lived a __24__ life and the area was full of vacant (空着的) lots. Wanting to provide __25__ for local youth, Blackwell and his wife Hannah launched their nonprofit, which focused on finding ways to __26__ jobs and relieve poverty (贫穷). Many people __27__ these vacant lots, but Blackwell had his __28__. One of his early projects focused on turning a vacant lot into a community farm. He soon __29__ that growing food meant __30__ issues like regulations (规章) and toxins (毒素) in the soil. While __31__ other solutions, Blackwell learnt the US spent billions of dollars on cut flowers each year and that more than 70% of them were __32__. “Why are we buying flowers from other countries when we have all this land?” he thought. “Maybe flowers are the __33__.” Their nonprofit has turned six vacant lots into flower farms. They grow flowers that are arranged and sold in their nonprofit shop, Southside Blooms. The nonprofit currently employs many young people. They want them to develop__34__ that will serve them in any job. For Blackwell, helping young people grow is like growing flowers. “As long as they get the support they need to be __35__, you will see the beauty of their lives shining for all to see,” he said. 21. A. joy B. reality C. meaning D. cycle 22. A. expectations B. judgments C. doubts D. challenges 23. A. closed down B. sprang up C. took off D. stepped in 24. A. lonely B. peaceful C. hard D. busy 25. A. warnings B. opportunities C. scholarships D. references 26. A. change B. advertise C. share D. create 27. A. avoided B. developed C. surveyed D. explored 28. A. preferences B. concerns C. plans D. principles 29. A. proved B. realized C. admitted D. agreed 30. A. summarizing B. reviewing C. discussing D. addressing 31. A. identifying B. supporting C. researching D. providing 32. A. imported B. sold C. thrown D. buried 33. A. signal B. result C. answer D. base 34. A. models B. skills C. habits D. tools 35. A. kind B. flexible C. graceful D. successful 第Ⅱ卷（共15分） 第一部分（满分共15分）： 第一节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式（不多于3个单词）。 China has officially launched its northernmost satellite data receiving station in Heilongjiang Province.__36___________________ (design) to increase the time for receiving data sent by polar-orbiting (极地轨道的) satellites, the new high-latitude (高纬度的) facility will improve the country’s Earth observation capabilities. Polar-orbiting satellites follow paths over the North and South Poles,_37_________________ (transmit) valuable information on weather, environmental monitoring and climate _38________________ (pattern). Establishing a ground station further north lengthens each communication window, allowing for more data collection per satellite pass. This marks a significant step in China’s efforts _39_______________ (strengthen) space-based monitoring and support scientific research _40_____________ (global). The facility, which became fully _41________________ (operation) in December 2025, is a key part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) remote (远程的) sensing network. It _42______________ (equip) with three reception systems and features S/X dual-band, dual-polarization data reception. As _43_______________ result, it can achieve a download speed of 2,000 megabits per second. Located about two kilometers west of Mohe City, a region _44_____________ temperatures can drop to -53°C in winter, the station is the highest-latitude satellite ground station in China. Despite the cold environment, the station operates autonomously to receive data _45___________ 25 national land observation satellites. 答案解析： 阅读 第一节 A 篇：语篇是应用文，主题是人与自我之生活与学习。本文介绍了如何用旧蜡笔碎屑加热融化制作独一无二的 “蜡笔星球”，并提供用黑豆营造太空场景的感官游戏玩法。 1.B。细节理解题。根据 How to make it 部分的 First, use a pencil sharpener to create shavings from the crayons 可知，活动的第一步是用卷笔刀把蜡笔削成碎屑。 2.D。细节理解题。根据 Sensory play idea 部分的 To turn the craft into a full sensory small-world play experience, you can put your planets in a big dish filled with black beans for a dramatic space setting 可知，在感官游戏中，黑豆被铺在盘子中模拟宇宙的黑色背景，行星模型放置在黑豆上后，整体效果类似太空场景。3.C。推理判断题。综合全文尤其是第一段中的 This colorful, space-inspired craft is a fantastic way to give broken crayons a new life 可知，文章主要介绍了如何利用旧蜡笔制作出独一无二的星球。 B 篇：语篇是记叙兼说明文，主题是人与自然之宇宙探索。本文介绍了太空食物从早期简陋到如今丰富多样的演变过程，以及它对宇航员生活和工作的重要性。 4.B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Yuri Gagarin is famous for being the first person in space, and he was also the first person to have a meal while surveying the Earth below 可知，Yuri Gagarin 是第一个在太空进餐的人。 5.A。词义猜测题。本段先介绍了早期太空探索中食物选择有限、口感不佳且不便食用，后文提到阿波罗计划中的宇航员首次在太空中使用热水，能够制作更健康的餐食，这表明太空食品的质量得到了提升。由此可推断。画线词的意思是 “改善；提高”。 6.A。段落大意题。第四段首先提到如今国际空间站的宇航员有 200 多种标准菜单可供选择，航天器还会定期运送新鲜农产品，接着以中国空间站的航天员为例，说明他们能享用新鲜烤制的鸡翅，最后指出这是改善在轨生活条件的一部分，整体围绕现代太空食物的进步展开。 7.C。推理判断题。综合全文可知，文章开篇提到早期美国宇航员在航天器上喝 Tang，接着介绍了 Yuri Gagarin 在太空的首次进餐，然后讲述了早期太空探索时食物的情况以及阿波罗计划在太空食物质量上的进步。最后说明了如今国际空间站和中国空间站航天员的食物情况，整体是在介绍太空食物的发展历史。 C 篇：语篇是说明文，主题是人与自然之环境保护。澳大利亚研究团队研发出环保的回收废旧太阳能电池板中银的新方法，该方法兼具多重价值且研究还将拓展。 8.A。推理判断题。第二段明确提到 By 2050, the country will have more than one million tonnes of worn-out panels，这表明到 2050 年澳大利亚将有超过一百万吨废旧太阳能电池板，意味着它会面临严重的太阳能电池板废弃物问题。 9.D。细节理解题。根据第四段中的 It reduces chemical intensity and produces much less waste. The results support a circular economy with reduced environmental impact 可知，新方法通过减少化学品使用和废弃物产生来支持循环经济。 10.B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 The researchers will look into the recovery of silicon from the worn-out solar panels 可知，研究人员下一步的重点是研究如何从废弃太阳能电池板中回收硅。 11.C。篇章结构题。文章先描述了回收太阳能电池板中的银存在困难这一现状，接着介绍了研究人员找到的新回收方法，这是典型的描述问题并呈现解决方案的结构。 D 篇：语篇是说明文，主题是人与自然之环境保护。一项研究表明，旅游业的兴起不仅让游客有机会观察野生动物，也可能改变动物的行为模式，进而影响生态平衡，因此我们需要更深入地了解并减轻人类活动对动物的影响。 12.B。细节理解题。文章开篇提到随着旅游变得更普遍，人类和动物相遇会更频繁，接着指出研究聚焦于人类在水潭附近时对非洲哺乳动物行为的影响，后文也围绕人类在场时动物活动模式的改变展开论述。所以该研究主要是关于人类对动物的影响。 13.D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的 We think that the carnivores changed because of the human presence, and the herbivores changed because of the carnivore presence 可知，食草动物行为改变的直接原因是食肉动物的存在，也就是为了避开它们的天敌。 14.D。推理判断题。根据第四段中的 Animals changing schedules can lead to different species coming into contact when they usually wouldn't--something that's especially a problem for some herbivores that could run into predators that typically aren't active during those times of the day 可知，动物改变活动时间表会导致不同物种在通常不会接触的时候相遇，这对一些食草动物来说尤其成问题，因为它们可能会遇到在一天中那些时段通常不活跃的捕食者，也就是会有更多危险的相遇。 15.C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Patterson 所说的 I certainly appreciate wildlife-based tourism, and I support it. We just need to fully understand how we're impacting the animals and come up with strategies to reduce that 可知，她欣赏并支持以野生动物为基础的旅游，但认为需要充分了解对动物的影响并想出减少影响的策略，这意味着这种旅游需要更好的管理。 第二节 语篇是说明文，主题是人与自然之宇宙探索。本文主要介绍了阿波罗宇航员如何在极端恶劣的月球环境中生存和工作。 16.F。空前介绍月球昼夜温差极大的恶劣环境，F 项承接上文极端环境，进一步说明生物无法在月球呼吸和饮水，与空前内容形成递进关系。 17.B。上文指出人类天生不适合在月球生存。下文直接给出 “巧妙的设计” 这一答案，并具体介绍登月舱如何保障宇航员安全。B 项承接前文 “人类不适合月球” 的困境，自然引出后文对 “巧妙设计” 的具体解释，使文章逻辑流畅连贯。 18.A。空前描述登月舱内部空间狭小、设施简陋，空后说明宇航员睡觉只能挂吊床或找角落，A 项指出宇航员连坐的地方都没有，进一步体现舱内拥挤。 19.E。前文描述登月舱内狭小不舒服，空后介绍宇航员出舱前要放掉空气、脚朝前从舱口爬出、爬下梯子等操作，E 项表示离开登月舱对宇航员来说可能是一种解脱，引出下文出舱的具体步骤。 20.C。空前列举宇航员在月球上的一系列任务：采集土壤岩石、做实验、插旗、拍照等，C 项补充 “甚至有宇航员抽空打了会儿高尔夫”，是对前文活动的延伸补充，逻辑连贯。 语言运用 第一节 语篇是记叙文，主题是人与自我之做人与做事。Blackwell 在贫困社区创建非营利组织，将空地变为花卉农场，为青年提供就业机会和技能培训。 21. B。根据下文的 Englewood was once a popular commercial district ... full of vacant lots 可知，Blackwell 在 Englewood 看到了生活的真实面貌。 22.D。根据下文的 many residents lived a_24_life 和 relieve poverty 可知，学生们面临生活上的挑战。 23.A。根据空后的 the area was full of vacant lots 可知，随着当地工厂关闭，该地区逐渐衰落。 24.C。根据下文的 relieve poverty 可知，居民生活艰难。 25. B。根据下文的 The nonprofit currently employs many young people 可知，Blackwell 想为当地青年提供机会。 26.D。这家非营利组织雇用了许多年轻人，所以该组织旨在创造就业岗位，以缓解贫困。 27.A。根据表示转折的 but 和下文 Blackwell 改造空地可知，多数人应是避开这些空地，Blackwell 与他人不同，他有自己的计划。 28.C。参考上题解析。 29.B。根据下文的 While_51other solutions 可知，在把空地改造成种菜农场时，Blackwell 很快意识到种植食物意味着要处理诸如规章和土壤毒素等问题。 30.D。参考上题解析。 31.C。根据下文的 Blackwell learnt the US spent billions of dollars on cut flowers each year 可知，种植食物不可行，Blackwell 开始研究其他解决办法。 32. A。根据空后的 Why are we buying flowers from other countries when we have all this land? 可知，美国每年花费数十亿美元购买鲜花，其中超过 70% 是进口的。 33.C。根据下文的 Their nonprofit has turned six vacant lots into flower farms 可知，Blackwell 认为鲜花或许是 “答案”，即解决就业和土地利用问题的方案。 34. B。Blackwell 的非营利组织雇用了许多年轻人，希望年轻人发展能在将来工作中用到的技能。 35.D。根据空后的 you will see the beauty of their lives shining for all to see 可知，这里 Blackwell 将青年成长比作种花，认为只要他们获得所需的支持去取得成功，那么你就会看到他们生命的美丽绽放出来，让所有人都看见。 第二节 语篇是说明文，主题是人与自然之宇宙探索。2025 年 12 月，中国遥感卫星地面站漠河卫星数据接收站正式投入运行。 36. Designed。逻辑主语 the new high-latitude facility 和 design 之间是被动关系，故该空用 design 的过去分词形式作状语。 37. transmitting。主句为 Polar-orbiting satellites follow paths over the North and South Poles，设空处考查非谓语动词作状语，Polar-orbiting satellites 和 transmit 之间是主动关系，故填动词 - ing 形式，表示极地轨道卫星在沿轨道运行的同时传输数据。 38. patterns。pattern 意为 “模式” 时是可数名词，故应填其复数形式 patterns。 39. to strengthen。efforts to do sth 是固定搭配，意为 “为做某事而付出的努力”，这里是动词不定式作后置定语。 40. globally。该空用 global 的副词形式修饰 support。 41. operational。该空用 operation 的形容词形式 operational 作表语，意为 “可运行的；投入使用的”。 42. is equipped。该句介绍客观事实，用一般现在时；主语 It 与 equip 之间是被动关系，故填 is equipped。43. a。as a result 是固定搭配，意为 “因此”，在句中作状语，引出结果。 44. where。该空考查定语从句的关系词，先行词是 a region，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 45. from。根据句意可知，此处需要填介词 from，表示该站点接收来自 25 颗国家陆地观测卫星的数据。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $