Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）阅读理解进阶练15篇-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册重难点讲练全攻略（沪教版五四制）

**基本信息** 分层进阶式自然灾害主题阅读训练，通过基础认知、原理分析到综合应用的逻辑链提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础入门|5篇（如台风/洪水说明文）|事实细节题为主，考查信息定位|从自然灾害现象描述（发生地/危害）到基础防范常识，构建认知框架| |进阶拓展|5篇（如香港火灾/秋季台风）|推理判断题增加，涉及原因分析|深入灾害成因（如非阻燃材料/气候因素）与应对机制，强化逻辑推理| |能力综合|5篇（如地震安全/AI预测飓风）|主旨题与跨文本理解，融合多学科知识|整合灾害预防（安全措施）与科技应用（AI预测），提升综合思维与学习能力|

学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）阅读理解进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 Typhoons are strong storms with powerful winds. They usually occur in the Western North Pacific. Typhoons form when warm water from the ocean meets certain wind patterns. Typhoons can bring heavy rain and help cool down hot summers. However, they can be very dangerous and cause a lot of damage. During a typhoon, wind speeds can reach up to 252 kilometres per hour or even higher. This can make trees fall, damage buildings, and cause floods. Floods are large amounts of water covering an area. They happen when there’s too much rain or when rivers overflow. Floods can hurt a lot of people and destroy farms, buildings, and roads. In China, one of the biggest floods was the 1998 Changjiang River flood. The PLA troops fought against this terrible flood and protected millions of people. They successfully kept major cities like Wuhan safe.                                  Wildfires are big, out-of-control fires. They happen in natural places like forests and grasslands. They can badly hurt animals, plants, and the environment. They are also dangerous to people living nearby. In 2023, Canada experienced many big forest fires, affecting an area of over 60,000 square kilometres. 阅读上述文章，从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。 1．Where do typhoons usually occur? A．In the Atlantic Ocean. B．In the Western North Pacific. C．In the Indian Ocean. D．In the Arctic Ocean. 2．What can typhoons cause? A．Only heavy rain. B．Falling trees, damaged buildings, and floods. C．Earthquakes. D．Volcanic eruptions. 3．What was one of the biggest floods in China mentioned in the passage? A．The 1954 Yangtze River flood. B．The 1998 Changjiang River flood. C．The 2005 Huai River flood. D．The 2020 Yellow River flood. 4．What can cause wildfires according to the passage? A．Only human activity. B．Only lightning. C．Human activity or lightning. D．Strong winds. 5．How large was the area affected by Canadian forest fires in 2023? A．Over 6,000 square kilometres. B．Over 60,000 square kilometres. C．Over 600,000 square kilometres. D．Over 600 square kilometres. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，依次介绍了三种常见的自然灾害：台风、洪水和野火。 1．第一段指出：“They usually occur in the Western North Pacific.”，表明台风通常发生在北太平洋西部。 2．第一段提到：“This can make trees fall, damage buildings, and cause floods.”，表明台风会导致树木倒塌、建筑损毁、洪水泛滥。 3．第二段明确说明：“In China, one of the biggest floods was the 1998 Changjiang River flood.”，说明中国最大的洪水之一是1998年长江洪水。 4．第三段介绍野火的定义和发生场景，但原文未直接说明野火的成因，结合常识及选项逻辑，野火的成因包括人类活动或闪电。 5．第三段最后一句提到：“In 2023, Canada experienced many big forest fires, affecting an area of over 60,000 square kilometres.”，表明2023年加拿大森林火灾影响面积超6万平方公里。 The summer is coming, and storms often happen. Though they often happen, some people don’t take them seriously. In fact, it’s very dangerous for people and it can even make people die at once. So how do we keep safe during a lightning (闪电) storm? If you are indoors Stay away from windows and doors during a lightning storm. Don’t take a shower or do any dishes because lightning can travel through water. Turn off the TV and computer. Never use the phone. Lightning can travel through the phone line and hit you. It is better to be bored than to risk getting hurt. Try reading a book instead. If you are outdoors Never take shelter under a tree because the lightning can hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you. Stay away from anything that is metal (金属). Try to get into your car and close all the windows or go into a nearby building right away. If there’s no building around, try to find a low place to stay in. Squat (蹲) down near the ground and put your hands over your ears to protect them. Loud thunder (雷声) can damage your hearing. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Storms often happen in ________. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 2．Why should people take storms seriously? A．Because they are very dangerous. B．Because they happen often. C．Because they are fun to watch. D．Because they stop people doing many things. 3．What can you do when you’re indoors during a lightning storm? A．Read a book. B．Take a shower. C．Watch TV. D．Talk on the phone. 4．Where can you take shelter during a lightning storm? A．Under a tree. B．In a high place. C．In a room with all windows open. D．In a car with all windows closed. 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．What a lightning storm is. B．How to keep safe during a lightning storm. C．Things people can’t do during a lightning storm. D．Ways to make people take lightning storms seriously. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在雷电风暴来临时如何保证安全。文章分别从室内和室外两种场景出发，详细阐述了在雷电风暴中的注意事项和应对措施。 1．第一段明确提到：“The summer is coming, and storms often happen.”这句话直接说明了风暴经常发生在夏季。 2．第一段明确提到：“In fact, it’s very dangerous for people and it can even make people die at once.”这句话直接说明了风暴的严重性和危险性，因此人们应该认真对待风暴。 3．第三段提到在雷电风暴期间待在室内时，建议“Try reading a book instead.”。 4．第五段提到在雷电风暴期间待在室外时，建议“Try to get into your car and close all the windows or go into a nearby building right away.”。 5．文章开头提出问题“So how do we keep safe during a lightning (闪电) storm?”，接着从室内和室外两个方面详细阐述了在雷电风暴中的安全措施，因此文章的主要内容是告诉读者如何在雷电风暴中保证安全。 Two forest fires were controlled in Guiyang City, capital of southwest China’s Guizhou Province. The local government said late on Saturday, no deaths were reported. The two fires began at 3:00 p. m. on Friday afternoon in Huaxi of Guiyang City and burned 200 square kilometers, but they were under control, said Jiang Xueming, head of the rescue (救援) team. More than 1, 000 firefighters saved people nearby and removed (移开) over 100 tons of materials from a local factory which would be burned easily, Jiang said. The local fire fighting apartment has sent a plane to fight the fires, but it is still unsure when the fires will be put out completely because of the strong wind and dry weather. The fires came a month after Chinese Vice Premier Hui Liangyu warned that China has entered “a very dangerous period during which there is a very high risk of forest fires”, as high temperatures have been hovering over northeast, north and southwest China areas since the beginning of winter last year. “With the arrival of autumn and winter, ire prevention (预防) and control becomes harder, which requires necessary knowledge, ”Hui said. “Efforts should be made to prepare for fire prevention and control in important holidays such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Ability to put out fires scientifically while making sure of firemen’s safety should also be improved.” 1．When did the two forest fires take place in Guiyang? A．On Saturday morning. B．On Friday morning. C．On Saturday afternoon. D．On Friday afternoon. 2．Which of the following added to the difficulty of putting out the fires? A．The people nearby. B．The materials in the local factory. C．The strong wind and dry weather. D．The water shortage. 3．What does the underlined word “hovering” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Staying. B．Reducing. C．Taking. D．Touring. 4．How can we prevent fires according to the last paragraph? A．By taking away the materials. B．By controlling the temperatures. C．By learning necessary knowledge. D．By preparing for important holidays. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．It is very important to prevent and control forest fires. B．Two forest fires were controlled in Guizhou Province. C．Efforts should be made to prevent and control forest fires. D．We need to learn necessary knowledge to control forest fires. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了中国贵阳市发生的两起森林火灾以及相关的救援行动和火灾防控的困难因素。 1．细节理解题。根据“The two fires began at 3：00 p. m. on Friday afternoon in Huaxi of Guiyang City and burned 200 square kilometers”可知，贵阳的两起森林火灾发生在星期五的下午。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据“The local fire fighting apartment has sent a plane to fight the fires, but it is stillunsure when the fires will be put out completely because of the strong wind and dry weather. ”可知，大风和干燥的天气使得火灾难以完全扑灭。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据“high temperatures have been hovering over northeast, north and southwest China areas since the beginning of winter last year”可知，此处表示“高气温持续存在”，因此可推断hover意为“停留”，与stay意思相近。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“Efforts should be made to prepare for fire prevention and control in important holidays such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Ability to put out fires scientifically while making sure of firemen’s safety should also be improved. ”可知，预防火灾需要学习必要的知识。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章先介绍了贵阳市的两起森林火灾及其救援情况，然后指出火灾防控的困难因素，最后强调了预防和控制火灾的重要性，并提出了相关措施。因此，文章的主旨是强调应努力做好火灾的预防和控制工作。故选C。 Many cities around the world face increasing problems with flooding, especially during heavy rains. Traditional city designs often use large areas of concrete and roads, which prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground. This leads to runoff (径流) and floods. To address this, China is developing a new concept called “Sponge Cities”. A “Sponge City” is designed to absorb, store, filter, and reuse rainwater, much like a sponge. This involves several strategies. For example, permeable (可渗透的) roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below. Green roofs and walls are created on buildings, which can absorb rainwater and cool down the city. Parks and wetlands are also important parts of sponge cities, as they can temporarily hold large amounts of water and gradually release it. The benefits of Sponge Cities are numerous. Firstly, they effectively reduce urban flooding by managing rainwater locally. Secondly, they improve water quality by filtering pollutants (污染物) as water soaks into the ground. Thirdly, they help to replenish (补充) underground water sources, which is important for long-term water supply. Fourthly, by increasing green spaces, they help to cool down cities, making them more comfortable and beautiful. While building Sponge Cities requires significant investment and careful planning, the long-term environmental and economic benefits are huge. It’s a sustainable approach to urban development, offering a greener and safer future for city dwellers. China aims to transform 80% of its cities into “Sponge Cities” by 2030, showing a strong commitment to this innovative solution. 1．What is the main problem that “Sponge Cities” aim to solve? A．Lack of green spaces in cities. B．Air pollution in urban areas. C．Urban flooding during heavy rains. D．High cost of building new roads. 2．Which of the following is NOT a strategy used in “Sponge Cities”? A．Building permeable roads. B．Creating green roofs and walls. C．Using traditional concrete roads everywhere. D．Developing more parks and wetlands. 3．What does the underlined word “permeable” in Paragraph 2 most likely mean? A．Allowing water to pass through. B．Very strong and durable. C．Made of concrete. D．Not affected by heat. 4．Which of the following is a benefit of “Sponge Cities”? A．They increase urban air pollution. B．They reduce underground water sources. C．They make cities hotter. D．They improve water quality. 5．What can we infer about China’s attitude towards “Sponge Cities”? A．China is not very serious about this concept. B．China sees it as a temporary solution. C．China is highly committed to developing them. D．China believes it’s too expensive to build them. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文介绍“海绵城市”的概念及其解决城市内涝问题的原理。 1．细节理解题。根据“This leads to runoff (径流) and floods. To address this, China is developing a new concept called...”可知，海绵城市旨在解决暴雨引发的城市内涝，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“This involves several strategies. For example, permeable (可渗透的) roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below. Green roofs and walls are created on buildings, which can absorb rainwater and cool down the city. Parks and wetlands are also important parts of sponge cities, as they can temporarily hold large amounts of water and gradually release it.”可知，海绵城市策略包括透水路、绿色屋顶和墙壁、公园湿地。C项不属于海绵城市策略，故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据“For example, permeable (可渗透的) roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below”可知，修建可渗透的道路和人行道，让水通过它们进入下面的土壤，故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“The benefits of Sponge Cities are numerous. Firstly, they effectively reduce urban flooding by managing rainwater locally. Secondly, they improve water quality by filtering pollutants (污染物) as water soaks into the ground. Thirdly, they help to replenish (补充) underground water sources, which is important for long-term water supply. Fourthly, by increasing green spaces, they help to cool down cities, making them more comfortable and beautiful.”可知，海绵城市的四大益处：缓解内涝、改善水质、补充地下水、降温。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据“China aims to transform 80% of its cities into ‘Sponge Cities’ by 530, showing a strong commitment to this innovative solution.”可知，表明中国对海绵城市建设的高度承诺。故选C。 Hello, my name is Sarah. I was around lightning (闪电) while climbing a mountain in the Grand Canyon, but I was safe because I knew the following tips. Outdoors If there is a thunderstorm (雷暴雨), try to find a low place to stay in until the thunderstorm is over. You can also go into a nearby house or a car. Make sure that the windows of it are closed. Do not stand under a tree or use the umbrella with metal (金属) things. If the lightning is around you, do a ‘lightning couch’—squat down (蹲下) with your heels together and put your hands over your ears. Remember not to lie down. Indoors During a thunderstorm, keep away from anything that is made of metal, such as TVs because lightning can come into the house through wires (电线). When there is a thunderstorm outside, don’t stand near the windows. And don’t take a bath when there is a thunderstorm. Never use the phone during a thunderstorm, because lightning can hit the phone line and travel through the line and hit you. 1．If Jim meets a thunderstorm when climbing a mountain, what should he do? A．Stay in a low place. B．Stay under an umbrella. C．Stay under a tree. D．Stay in a car with the windows open. 2．What does the underlined word “it” refers to? A．the mountain B．the thunderstorm C．the car D．the Grand Canyon 3．Why shouldn’t people use the phones during a thunderstorm? A．Because phones can get wet. B．Because phones have no signal. C．Because phones need to rest quickly. D．Because lightning may travel through phone line. 4．Which of the following is NOT safe during a thunderstorm? A．Squatting down with heels together. B．Taking a bath at home. C．Staying in a closed car. D．Keeping away from metal things. 5．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A science fiction. B．A story book. C．A safety guide. D．A travel guide. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了雷雨天气户外和室内的一些注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据“If there is a thunderstorm (雷暴雨), try to find a low place to stay in until the thunderstorm is over.”可知，如果Jim爬山时遇到雷雨，他应该待在低地。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据“You can also go into a nearby house or a car. Make sure that the windows of it are closed.”可知，可以去附近的房子或汽车。确保它的窗户是关着的。“it”指的是汽车。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Never use the phone during a thunderstorm, because lightning can hit the phone line and travel through the line and hit you.”可知，雷雨天气不要使用手机，是因为闪电会击中电话线，穿过电话线击中你。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“And don’t take a bath when there is a thunderstorm.”可知，雷雨天气不要洗澡。故选B。 5．推理判断题。本文主要介绍了雷雨天气户外和室内的一些注意事项，可能来自一本安全指南。故选C。 进阶拓展训练5篇 Typhoon Season is Here! The arrival of Typhoon Regasa, the fourth typhoon this year, marks the start of our yearly typhoon season (July-October). Born over warm Pacific waters, typhoons act like giant spinning (旋转) fans that suck up ocean heat and moisture. When they approach land, nature puts on a dramatic show: howling winds bend trees like noodles, rain pours down like waterfalls from the sky, and storm surges push seawater onto streets. These powerful storms bring more than just a rainy day. Wind gusts can break windows and tear roofs off buildings. Heavy rains trigger (触发) floods that turn roads into rivers, while landslides (滑坡) bury villages in mud. In 2025, a single typhoon displaced over 20,000 people in coastal areas. But don’t fear! Safety starts with preparation. Before the typhoon hits, store extra food and batteries. Tape windows in a “米” shape to prevent breaking. During the storm, stay indoors away from glass. If flooding occurs (发生), head to higher ground—never walk through moving water! After it passes, avoid downed power lines which can electrocute people. Remember that typhoons test our readiness, but with smart actions, we can dance through the storm! 1．When does typhoon season typically occur? A．May-August. B．June-September. C．July-October. D．August-November. 2．What does “nature puts on a dramatic show” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Beautiful rainbows after the storm. B．People preparing for vacation. C．Animals hiding from bad weather. D．Intense wind, rain, and storm surges. 3．How should people prepare windows for a typhoon? A．Cover them with boards. B．Tape them in a “米” shape. C．Keep them slightly open D．Remove glass panes. 4．The main purpose of this text is to ________. A．describe the beauty of typhoons B．criticize poor storm preparations C．inform about typhoon risks and safety steps D．track Typhoon Regasa’s movement 5．Who would most likely need this information? A．Local people in coastal disaster-prone areas. B．Scientists studying ocean temperatures. C．Tourists planning beach vacations. D．Farmers harvesting crops. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了台风Regasa的到来标志着年度台风季(7-10月)的开始，介绍了台风的形成、带来的影响、应对台风的准备措施等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据“The arrival of Typhoon Regasa, the fourth typhoon this year, marks the start of our yearly typhoon season (July-October).”可知，台风季通常发生在七月到十月。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“When they approach land, nature puts on a dramatic show: howling winds bend trees like noodles, rain pours down like waterfalls from the sky, and storm surges push seawater onto streets.”可知，当台风接近陆地时，狂风呼啸把树吹弯，暴雨倾盆而下，风暴潮把海水推上街道，所以“nature puts on a dramatic show”指的是狂风、暴雨和风暴潮这些强烈的自然现象。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Before the typhoon hits, store extra food and batteries. Tape windows in a ‘米’ shape to prevent breaking.”可知，人们应该用胶带把窗户贴成“米”字形来为台风做准备。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了台风带来的风险以及应对台风的安全措施。故选C。 5．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文围绕台风展开，介绍了台风的相关知识以及应对方法，对于生活在沿海易受灾地区的当地人来说，这些信息最为有用。故选A。 In late November 2025, a devastating fire broke out in Hung Fuk Court, Tai Po, Hong Kong, leaving a profound impact on the city. The blaze, which started in a residential building during maintenance work, spread rapidly due to the use of non-flame-retardant scaffolding nets, trapping many residents inside. After 43 hours of intense rescue efforts, the fire was finally controlled, but the disaster resulted in 159 deaths and 79 injuries, including heroic firefighters who sacrificed their lives while saving others. For 65-year-old Chan Yuk- fung, a resident who escaped with her granddaughter, the tragedy was both heart-wrenching and inspiring-she lost her home but witnessed unprecedented unity across Hong Kong and the Greater Bay Area. The Tai Po fire triggered an immediate and comprehensive response from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government. Within hours, temporary shelters were set up at nearby venues such as Tai Po Kwong Fuk Shopping Center and community halls, accommodating over 700 displaced residents. The HKSAR government established three special task forces to handle investigation, emergency support, and housing arrangements, demonstrating its commitment as the “responsible guardian” of citizens. To assist victims, the government launched the “Hung Fuk Court Assistance Fund,” which quickly accumulated HK37 billion-including HK3 billion in government seed money and HK34 billion in donations from enterprises, foundations, and individuals. Each affected family was eligible for a HK100,000 living subsidy to ease their financial burden. Beyond the HKSAR’s efforts, central government departments provided strong support. The Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office coordinated with the Ministry of Emergency Management to deliver critical supplies, including portable chargers, rescue robots, and breathing apparatus, in three batches. The State Fire and Rescue Administration also dispatched advanced equipment such as lighting drones and exoskeleton suits to enhance search and rescue capabilities. The Greater Bay Area responded swiftly too-Guangdong Province sent medical supplies and rescue teams, while Macao donated HK30 million through its foundation. Shenzhen residents organized “love relays” to deliver warm clothing and daily necessities to border checkpoints for Hong Kong volunteers. Community solidarity became a defining feature of the disaster response. Thousands of volunteers flocked to Tai Po, forming human chains to transport supplies at Kwong Fuk Shopping Center, where piles of water, food, and clothing created “mountains of love.” Local businesses offered free hotel rooms, transportation cards, and hot meals, while charitable organizations provided psychological counseling and funeral services. Even ordinary citizens contributed-some set up stalls to distribute free hot drinks, while others used social media to coordinate aid efforts. This outpouring of kindness transcended regional boundaries, reflecting the deep bond between people across Hong Kong and the mainland. As Hong Kong moves towards recovery, the HKSAR government is advancing long- term reconstruction plans. Financial Secretary Paul Chan announced five mid-to-long-term solutions, including building public housing in Tai Po to accommodate residents who wish to stay in their original community. Eligible families can also purchase public housing units across districts as early as mid-2026, with over 9,700 units available. Meanwhile, investigations into the fire’s cause are ongoing-police and the Independent Commission Against Corruption have arrested 21 individuals on suspicion of manslaughter and corruption related to substandard construction materials. Despite the tragedy, Hong Kong’s legislative council election proceeded as scheduled on December 7, 2025, with candidates focusing on post-disaster reconstruction in their campaigns, embodying the city’s resilience to move forward. 1．What caused the rapid spread of the Tai Po fire? A．Strong winds in the residential area. B．Non-flame-retardant scaffolding nets. C．Lack of fire-fighting equipment. D．Residents’ improper use of electrical appliances. 2．How much money was accumulated in the “Hung Fuk Court Assistance Fund”? A．HK 3 billion. B．HK 34 billion. C．HK 37 billion. D．HK 100,000 per family. 3．What support did the central government provide? A．Sending medical teams to treat the injured. B．Donating HK$30 million through foundations. C．Delivering rescue equipment and supplies. D．Building temporary shelters for displaced residents. 4．How did the community show solidarity during the disaster? A．By organizing protests against the government. B．By forming volunteer teams and donating supplies. C．By closing businesses to mourn the victims. D．By demanding immediate arrest of the responsible parties. 5．What is one of the HKSAR government’s long-term reconstruction plans? A．Banning all maintenance work in residential buildings. B．Building public housing in Tai Po for affected residents. C．Relocating all Tai Po residents to other districts. D．Using the assistance fund to compensate businesses. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文讲述了2025年香港宏福苑特大火灾的灾难经过、政府与民间的全方位救援行动、社会各界展现的团结互助精神，以及灾后重建规划与调查进展。 1．细节理解题。根据原文“spread rapidly due to the use of non-flame-retardant scaffolding nets”可知，火势迅速蔓延的原因是使用了非阻燃的脚手架防护网，故选B。 2．细节理解题。原文提到“Hung Fuk Court Assistance Fund...quickly accumulated HK37 billion”可知，基金总额为370亿港元，故选C。 3．细节理解题。中央政府的支持包括“deliver critical supplies, including portable chargers, rescue robots...”可知，属于提供救援设备和物资，故选C。 4．细节理解题。社区团结的表现包括“thousands of volunteers...forming human chains to transport supplies”和“Even ordinary citizens contributed-some set up stalls to distribute free hot drinks, while others used social media to coordinate aid efforts.”可知，通过组建志愿者团队和捐赠物资，社区在灾难中表现出团结，故选B。 5．细节理解题。特区政府的长期重建计划之一是“building public housing in Tai Po to accommodate residents”可知，即在大埔兴建公共房屋安置受影响居民，故选B。 Typhoons are strong storms formed by warm ocean water. When the temperature of the sea water is over 26.5℃, warm and wet air would rise and form thick clouds. Thanks to the Earth’s rotation (自转), the air around begins to spin (旋转). Once wind speeds reach 119 km/h, the storm becomes a typhoon. The strongest is faster than 252 km/h. ▲ The winds are so strong that they can blow down trees and damage (破坏) houses. People and cars may get hit by falling things. Also, typhoons bring lots of rain which may cause floods in low-lying areas. Here are some useful tips to keep safe. Before a typhoon, you can make some preparations. Make sure you close all the windows and doors. It’s also a good idea to have enough things like food, water, flashlights or power banks that last at least three days. During a typhoon, stay inside. Keep away from windows because the strong winds could break the glass and may get you hurt. Continue to listen to the radio or watch TV for news about the typhoon. After it passes, be careful. There might be fallen trees or power lines on the ground. Do not drink or prepare food with tap water unless you are sure that it is clean. Although typhoons may cause trouble, taking proper actions can cut down the loss (损失). By staying informed, preparing well, and following safety advice, we can deal with the natural disasters successfully. 1．Why does the writer begin the text by listing some numbers? A．To share a feeling. B．To give an opinion. C．To explain a fact. D．To offer an answer. 2．Which result may be caused by typhoons according to the passage? A．High temperature. B．Warm sea water. C．Low-lying areas. D．Broken windows. 3．Which is a proper action before a typhoon arrives? A．Prepare things you need. B．Clean all the windows and doors. C．Stay away from windows D．Make sure the tap water is clean. 4．Which sentence should be put in “ ▲ ”? A．Typhoons are important. B．How are typhoons formed? C．How do people face typhoons? D．Typhoons are dangerous. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To list different kinds of typhoons. B．To explain typhoons and safety tips. C．To describe dangers of typhoons. D．To share a moving story of typhoons. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文首先介绍了台风的形成条件、风速等级等相关知识，接着阐述了台风带来的各类破坏与危害，最后给出台风来临前、来临时及过后的安全防护建议，全文旨在解释台风相关知识并提供安全提示。 1．第一段列举海水温度、风速等数字，介绍台风的形成条件和强度，这些数字是客观事实依据。作者通过数字来解释台风形成和等级的客观事实。 2．第二段提到“The winds are so strong that they can blow down trees and damage houses.”，第三段提到“Keep away from windows because the strong winds could break the glass and may get you hurt.”，说明台风会吹碎玻璃、毁坏窗户。 3．第三段指出“Before a typhoon, you can make some preparations. Make sure you close all the windows and doors. It’s also a good idea to have enough things like food, water, flashlights or power banks that last at least three days.”，说明台风来临前要准备所需物品。 4．空后内容主要介绍台风的破坏力，包括吹倒树木、毁坏房屋、引发洪水等，核心突出台风的危险性。 5．文章前两段介绍台风的形成和危害，第三段给出台风防护安全建议，最后总结应对方法，全文旨在解释台风相关知识并提供安全提示。 In recent years heat and droughts (干旱) happen in many places around the world. The droughts caused serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, and problems with transportation. Droughts aren’t new, but the earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid. The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. The area suffered (遭受) from its worst drought in 40 years. The dry conditions have killed millions of farm animals and damaged the crops. The United Nations warned that as many as 22 million people in the area were in danger of getting hungry. Almost two-thirds of Europe suffered from what might be the worst drought in 500 years. With temperatures reaching 40℃ and higher, many crops have died. The low water levels cut the amount of hydroelectric (水力发电的) power that could be produced. Some rivers were so low that the heavy boats that carried coal couldn’t travel on them. In the US, the two largest reservoirs (水库), Lake Mead and Lake Powell are fed by the Colorado River. But they were at low levels because of the drought. The reservoirs are used to create hydroelectric energy. That could end if water levels drop farther. China faced similar problems. Some areas suffered from a terrible drought, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought dried up much of the water in the Yangtze River. That cut the amount of energy produced by the world’s largest dam (大坝) by about 40%. There are no easy ways of dealing with any of these droughts. Governments and people need to carefully manage water resources as much as possible. 1．What problems did the droughts cause according to the first paragraph? a. Lower costs of living.  b. The rise in coal prices. c. Shortages of food and energy.  d. Problems with transportation. A．a & b. B．a & c. C．c & d. D．b & d. 2．What does the underlined word “damaged” probably mean? A．Harmed. B．Controlled. C．Collected. D．Dried. 3．Which is the right structure of the passage? (① = paragraph 1  ②= paragraph 2…) A．①/②③④/⑤/⑥ B．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③④⑤⑥ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥ 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A．To develop students’ interest in geography. B．To explain why and how the droughts happened. C．To introduced some important countries with droughts. D．To show problems the droughts have caused around the world. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．The drought in Europe was the worst all over the world. B．The droughts are hard to avoid because of global warming. C．China didn’t suffer from high temperatures above 40℃. D．Lake Mead and Lake Powell couldn’t produce hydroelectric energy. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了全球各地干旱所导致的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据“The droughts caused serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, and problems with transportation.”可知干旱导致了食物、能源短缺以及交通问题。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“The dry conditions have killed millions of farm animals and damaged the crops. The United Nations warned that as many as 22 million people in the area were in danger of getting hungry.”可知该地区有多达2200万人面临饥饿的危险，可见干旱导致了农作物的损害，故划线部分意为“损害”，和选项A意义相近。故选A。 3．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出介绍全球干旱问题及其影响；第二至五段分别介绍了非洲之角、欧洲、美国和中国的干旱情况；第六段总结，提出应对干旱的建议。选项D符合文章结构。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了全球各地干旱所导致的问题。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“The earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.”可知由于全球变暖，干旱更难避免。故选B。 Ragasa (桦加沙), the 18th typhoon of 2025, was a super typhoon with the maximum wind near the center reaching above level 17. Ragasa was predicted to bring extreme rainfall to southern coastal areas of China, with minimal effects on northern areas. While the typhoon’s effects were expected to end by late September, another typhoon moving west into the South China Sea could affect the area in early October and might bring further wind and rain, requiring continued vigilance (警戒). Although Typhoon warnings would be cancelled as Ragasa weakened after landing, heavy rain and strong winds might still cause secondary disasters such as flooding, mudslides and landslides. Close attention was still essential. Generally, typhoons generated from June to August are classified as “summer typhoons”, while those formed from September to November are referred to as “autumn typhoons”. From 1949 to 2024, there were 867 “summer typhoons”, making it the most active season for typhoons. “Autumn typhoons” totalled 859, accounting for 49.8%  of typhoons of each year, and ranking the second-most active period, China Media Group reported. Ragasa is an “autumn typhoon”. According to weather data from 1949 to 2024, “autumn typhoons” tend to be stronger and have a greater effect compared to the summer ones, according to CMG. From August to September, the tropical (热带的) ocean temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) reach the highest point, creating good conditions for typhoon formation and energy increase. As autumn sets in, cold air becomes more active, speeding up the wind near the typhoon’s center, further leading to the intensification of the storm. As a result, the possibility of severe or super typhoons happening in the autumn is higher. Additionally, the combination of “autumn typhoons” and cold air can cause intense rainfall, leading to more severe disasters. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By stating a fact. D．By telling a story. 2．What might happen in early October based on the passage? A．Ragasa would return with stronger winds. B．Another typhoon could bring wind and rain. C．The South China Sea would become calm. D．Summer typhoons would start to form. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about Ragasa? A．Once a typhoon weakens, it causes no more danger at all. B．Typhoons in autumn are much stronger than summer ones. C．Most typhoons happen during the autumn season each year. D．The period from June to August sees the most typhoons. 4．What does the underlined word “intensification” most likely mean in paragraph 5? A．The process of becoming stronger. B．The movement of changing direction C．The process of becoming weaker. D．The stop of all storm activities. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare summer typhoons with autumn typhoons. B．To explain why autumn typhoons are stronger. C．To provide general knowledge about a super typhoon. D．To warn people about the disasters caused by typhoons. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了2025年第18号超强台风“桦加沙”（Ragasa）的基本情况，探讨了秋台风的特点、强度成因（如海洋温度高、冷空气活跃等），并提醒持续警惕后续灾害。 1．推理判断题。根据文章开头“Ragasa, the 18th typhoon of 2025, was a super typhoon with the maximum wind near the center reaching above level 17.”可知，作者通过陈述一个事实（台风Ragasa的基本信息）来开始文章。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“...another typhoon moving west into the South China Sea could affect the area in early October and might bring further wind and rain...”可知，十月初可能有另一个台风带来风雨。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“From 1949 to 2024, there were 867 ‘summer typhoons’, making it the most active season for typhoons.”可知，从六月到八月（夏季）是台风最活跃的季节。故选D。 4．词句猜测题。根据第五段“As autumn sets in, cold air becomes more active, speeding up the wind near the typhoon’s center, further leading to the intensification of the storm.”可知，冷空气活动加速台风中心附近的风速，进一步导致风暴的“增强”。“intensification”在这里表示“加强，强化”的意思。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕超强台风Ragasa展开，介绍了其强度、可能影响、所属的秋台风类别特点以及秋台风更强的科学原因，旨在提供关于这个超强台风的一般性知识。故选C。 能力综合实践5篇 Earthquake safety tipsAn earthquake may cause deaths and injuries, so it’s important to be prepared for it and know how to protect yourself when an earthquake happens. Make your rooms safe for an earthquake ________When you are inside: ·Hide under a strong table. ·If there’s no table, stay in a corner or go to a small room. ·Stay away from windows, shelves and heavy objects. ·After the shaking stops, get out of the building to an open area. Walk down the stairs instead of taking a lift. When you are outside: ·Stay away from buildings, trees, streetlights and power lines. ·If you are in a car, stop and stay in your seat. Keep away from buildings and trees. Never cross a bridge when you feel the shake. 1．According to the reading, the TV should be ________. A．fixed in position B．hung on the wall C．put on lower shelves D．kept away from windows 2．The writer thinks it is ________ to put a bed near the window. A．wise B．dangerous C．usual D．convenient 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Get prepared ahead of time B．A safety box may save your life C．Things to check after an earthquake D．Keep yourself safe during an earthquake 4．What shouldn’t you do when an earthquake happens? A． B． C． D． 5．The passage is mainly to tell people ________. A．how to fix furniture at home B．how to protect themselves in an earthquake C．what causes earthquakes D．where to go after an earthquake 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文介绍地震安全提示，包括提前做好房间安全准备，以及地震发生时在室内、室外的不同避险方法。 1．细节理解题。根据“Place heavy objects or TVs on lower shelves.”可知，电视应放在矮一些的架子上。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据“Keep the bed away from windows so that breaking glass won’t fly to it.”可知，让床远离窗户，这样碎玻璃就不会飞到床上，所以作者认为床靠近窗户有危险。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“When you are inside: Hide under a strong table...Walk down the stairs instead of taking a lift.”以及“When you are outside: ...Keep away from buildings and trees. Never cross a bridge when you feel the shake.”可知，分别介绍了地震时在室内和室外的避险方法，此处应填地震发生时保护自己的相关内容，选项D“在地震发生时要确保自身安全”符合语境。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Stay away from windows, shelves and heavy objects.”可知，需要远离窗户。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“Earthquake safety tips”及全文介绍的地震准备和避险方法可知，文章目的是告诉人们如何在地震中保护自己。故选B。 Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office. Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimetres (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily. Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it's hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It's also difficult for people to go out daily. But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again. Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon. 1．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain? A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain. C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain. 2．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people. C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people. 3．Why did broken roads cause big trouble? A．They made all houses fall. B．They made the rain heavier. C．They broke power lines forever. D．They stopped help from coming and people from travelling. 4．What is the report mainly about? A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened. C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given. 5．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers? A．To say help came too late. B．To compare different helpers. C．To explain why power went out. D．To show how hard people are working. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述了甘肃兰州榆中县及周边地区突发山洪后的灾害情况、造成的破坏，以及各方展开的救援与抢修工作，体现了灾难面前的积极应对与互助精神。 1．第二段指出：“In some places, 220 millimetres (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year!” ，表明15小时内的降雨量超过了该地区全年降雨量的一半。 2．第四段指出：“the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads.”可知，diggers是用于修复道路的大型机械，即挖掘机。 3．第三段指出：“Now that the roads are closed, it's hard for workers to deliver aid to those in need. It's also difficult for people to go out daily.”，表明道路中断导致救援物资无法送达，也影响了人们日常出行。 4．文章前半部分讲述了山洪造成的人员伤亡、财产损失和生活影响，后半部分讲述了交通、电力等部门的救援抢修工作，核心是洪水的危害与各方援助。 5．第四段指出：“But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department had sent more than 40 big machines... over 200 workers.” ，表明列举具体数字是为了直观体现救援力量的规模，说明人们在努力开展救援工作。 On March 15, a wildfire swept a forest in Yajiang county, Sichuan province. Luckily, no one died. Wildfires can be very dangerous as they go quickly. ① ________ In 2023, there were 328 wildfires in China. 147 of them happened in March and April, making up almost half of the wildfires. ② ________ ·There is little rainfall in many areas, such as Southwest China. ·Plants are starting to grow and recover from winter. ·Strong winds are quite common at this time, making wildfires spread more easily. ③ ________ Stay calm. This will help you to make better decisions. Watch the wind. Stay upwind (逆风) of the fire. Change the place where you are quickly if it starts blowing towards you. If the fire is all around you, protect yourself with a wet covering and look for areas with water. Wide roads can also help keep a space between you and the fire. 1．What percent of wildfires in China happened in March and April? A．Almost 50%. B．Almost 80%. C．Almost 20%. D．Almost 90%. 2．What’s the right order of the title for each part? a. Why do wildfires happen a lot in spring? b. What should we do in the face of a wildfire? c. How often do wildfires appear? A．a→b→c B．b→a→c C．c→a→b D．c→b→a 3．Which of the following places is safe when there is a wildfire? A． B． C． D． 4．What can you use to cover yourself if the fire is all around you? A．Warm clothes. B．A wet quilt (被子). C．A dry blanket. D．Soft toys. 5．What can we infer from the article? A．Wildfires in Sichuan are the most dangerous in the world. B．People should always carry a wet quilt when going to the forest. C．Correct safety knowledge can help people survive wildfires. D．It’s impossible to protect yourself if a wildfire breaks out. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍野火相关情况，含高发时段、春季多发原因及应对自救方法。 1．第二段给出数据：“In 2023, there were 328 wildfires in China. 147 of them happened in March and April, making up almost half of the wildfires”，直接说明三四月份发生的野火占总数近一半。 2．各段内容对应标题，第一部分介绍野火发生频率，对应c；第二部分分析春季野火多发原因，对应a；第三部分讲应对措施，对应b，顺序为c→a→b。 3．倒数第二段说明避险方法：“Stay upwind of the fire”，即人需位于火的逆风方向。 4．最后一段给出自救方法：“If the fire is all around you, protect yourself with a wet covering”，湿被子属于湿的遮盖物。 5．文章介绍了多种野火自救方法，说明正确的安全知识可帮助人们在野火中求生。 From May to November, six beach houses have fallen down in North Carolina’s Outer Banks—a troubling sign of how erosion (侵蚀) continues to put a toll on the state’s coastal villages. The most recent collapse (倒塌) happened between last Thursday and Friday after a storm caused powerful waves along Rodanthe. The house was empty, and officials have been in contact with the house owner. Less than a mile away, three other homes had fallen down in September. Since 2020, a total of 11 houses in the area have been washed away into the ocean. Cape Hatteras National Seashore said strong winds, large waves, as well as rising sea levels—which are caused by climate change—are causing beaches on the Outer Banks to wash away. “Many buildings close to the beach in Rodanthe are either partially or fully covered with ocean water on a regular basis,” the Seashore said. It’s a problem faced by coastal communities around the country. In North Carolina, over 750 homes along the state’s beaches are considered in danger from erosion, according to an August report released by the state’s Department of Environmental Quality and Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Erosion in these coastal villages affects tourism and destroys sea turtles’ home, and when homes fall down, it leaves ruins (废墟). The situation is expected to worsen as a result of rising sea levels and more coastal storms. National Seashore officials have warned owners of unsafe houses to either strengthen their home’s supports or move to a safer location if possible. 1．What does the underlined phrase “put a toll on” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Cause damage to. B．Give way to. C．Bring more people to. D．Make more contributions to. 2．What can we know about the most recent collapse? A．Six houses were washed away. B．It happened because of a storm hit. C．It resulted in many people missing. D．Police failed to contact the house owner. 3．What might put the beach houses in danger? A．The daily effects of winds and waves. B．The loss of wildlife’s home. C．The ruins of houses left on beaches. D．The weak structure of the houses. 4．What should be done according to the local officials? A．Take measures to control rising sea levels. B．Solve the problem by protecting the ecosystem. C．Reduce the effect on tourism by clearing the ruins. D．Strengthen the house structure or move to new places. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．New Houses were Built for Safety B．Tourism Worsens in North Carolina C．Rising Seas Put Coastal Towns at Risk D．Climate Change Leads to Stronger Storms 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了北卡罗来纳州外滩群岛因海平面上升、强风和海浪侵蚀而导致海滩房屋接连倒塌的问题，这不仅留下废墟、影响旅游业和野生动物栖息地，还面临恶化趋势，以及当地官员建议房主加强房屋结构或搬迁至更安全地点。 1．词义猜测题。根据“a troubling sign of how erosion (侵蚀) continues to put a toll on the state’s coastal villages”可知，侵蚀对沿海村庄造成了负面影响，结合下文提到的房屋倒塌、海滩消失等具体现象，可推知put a toll on应理解为“造成损害”。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“The most recent collapse (倒塌) happened between last Thursday and Friday after a storm caused powerful waves along Rodanthe.”可知，最近的一次坍塌发生在上周四到周五之间，当时一场风暴在罗丹特沿岸引发了巨浪，即倒塌的直接原因是风暴袭击。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“strong winds, large waves, as well as rising sea levels—which are caused by climate change—are causing beaches on the Outer Banks to wash away”可知，强风、巨浪以及气候变化导致的海平面上升，正使外滩群岛的海滩逐渐被冲蚀。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“National Seashore officials have warned owners of unsafe houses to either strengthen their home’s supports or move to a safer location if possible.”可知，官方建议加固房屋或搬迁。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，全文核心是海平面上升与侵蚀导致沿海城镇房屋风险加剧，因此最佳标题应是C“海平面上升使沿海城镇面临风险”。故选C。 On October 9th, Hurricane (飓风) Milton became the 5th hurricane to hit the United States in 2024. Big storms like this are happening more often and are getting stronger. So, meteorologists (气象学家) are working hard to predict (预测) them. AI is playing an important role in this work. For years, meteorologists have used computers to make models of storms. They use information from planes and satellites (人造卫星). It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans can’t. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds, sometimes even days before they happened. One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize. In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana. Because it was so accurate, Matt Lanza, a meteorologist in Houston, Texas, felt confident about telling people in Texas that the storm wouldn’t be a problem for them. “It was really amazing,” Lanza said. Even though AI is helpful and has made significant successes, it’s not perfect. Lanza said that AI models have trouble predicting how strong a storm will be and how much rain will fall. That’s why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. “We’re not just letting AI make the forecasts (预报),” he said. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By making a study. B．By asking questions. C．By listing some numbers. D．By showing an example. 2．How are AI models different from traditional models according to Paragraph 2? A．AI models are faster at creating predictions. B．AI models need information only from satellites. C．AI models need more data to make predictions. D．It takes longer for AI models to give more accurate results. 3．What does the underlined word “significant” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Quite peaceful. B．Very convenient. C．Very important. D．Quite nervous. 4．How will the future use of AI in weather prediction be? A．It won’t get any better than it is now. B．It will be more accurate but still needs help from humans. C．It will do all the work and replace human meteorologists. D．It will only be used for predicting hurricanes, not other weather events. 5．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能在预测飓风等大型风暴中的应用、优势以及当前存在的局限性。 1．细节理解题。根据“On October 9th, Hurricane (飓风) Milton became the 5th hurricane to hit the United States in 2024.”可知，作者是通过列举一个具体飓风实例来开篇的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans can’t. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds”可知，那些模型需要数小时来生成预测，但人工智能模型可以非常快速地完成这项工作。今年，人工智能模型仅用几秒钟就做出了关于风暴的精确预测。由此可推知，人工智能模型与传统模型的不同之处在于其生成预测的速度更快。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize.”、“In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana.”和“Even though AI is helpful”以及“it’s not perfect.”可知，人工智能在飓风路径预测上取得了成功，案例如Beryl和Francine，这些成功证明人工智能很有帮助，且具有重要意义。“significant”意为“非常重要的”，与选项C意思相近。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“That’s why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. ‘We’re not just letting AI make the forecasts (预报),’ he said.”可知，气象学家需要将人工智能与其他工具一起使用。但人们不会仅仅让人工智能来做预报。由此可推知，未来的人工智能在天气预报中会变得更精确，但仍然需要人类的辅助。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段通过实例引出人工智能用于飓风预测的话题；第二段介绍人工智能模型与传统模型的区别及优势；第三、四段用具体人工智能系统的成功案例说明其有效性；第五段指出人工智能目前的局限性及人机协作的必要性。正确结构为①/②/③④/⑤。故选A。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元话题（自然灾害与防范）阅读理解进阶练15篇 说明：此专题分三个难度层次，基础入门训练<进阶拓展训练< 能力综合实践，老师根据学生实际情况进行针对性难度训练。 基础入门训练5篇 Typhoons are strong storms with powerful winds. They usually occur in the Western North Pacific. Typhoons form when warm water from the ocean meets certain wind patterns. Typhoons can bring heavy rain and help cool down hot summers. However, they can be very dangerous and cause a lot of damage. During a typhoon, wind speeds can reach up to 252 kilometres per hour or even higher. This can make trees fall, damage buildings, and cause floods. Floods are large amounts of water covering an area. They happen when there’s too much rain or when rivers overflow. Floods can hurt a lot of people and destroy farms, buildings, and roads. In China, one of the biggest floods was the 1998 Changjiang River flood. The PLA troops fought against this terrible flood and protected millions of people. They successfully kept major cities like Wuhan safe.                                  Wildfires are big, out-of-control fires. They happen in natural places like forests and grasslands. They can badly hurt animals, plants, and the environment. They are also dangerous to people living nearby. In 2023, Canada experienced many big forest fires, affecting an area of over 60,000 square kilometres. 阅读上述文章，从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。 1．Where do typhoons usually occur? A．In the Atlantic Ocean. B．In the Western North Pacific. C．In the Indian Ocean. D．In the Arctic Ocean. 2．What can typhoons cause? A．Only heavy rain. B．Falling trees, damaged buildings, and floods. C．Earthquakes. D．Volcanic eruptions. 3．What was one of the biggest floods in China mentioned in the passage? A．The 1954 Yangtze River flood. B．The 1998 Changjiang River flood. C．The 2005 Huai River flood. D．The 2020 Yellow River flood. 4．What can cause wildfires according to the passage? A．Only human activity. B．Only lightning. C．Human activity or lightning. D．Strong winds. 5．How large was the area affected by Canadian forest fires in 2023? A．Over 6,000 square kilometres. B．Over 60,000 square kilometres. C．Over 600,000 square kilometres. D．Over 600 square kilometres. The summer is coming, and storms often happen. Though they often happen, some people don’t take them seriously. In fact, it’s very dangerous for people and it can even make people die at once. So how do we keep safe during a lightning (闪电) storm? If you are indoors Stay away from windows and doors during a lightning storm. Don’t take a shower or do any dishes because lightning can travel through water. Turn off the TV and computer. Never use the phone. Lightning can travel through the phone line and hit you. It is better to be bored than to risk getting hurt. Try reading a book instead. If you are outdoors Never take shelter under a tree because the lightning can hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you. Stay away from anything that is metal (金属). Try to get into your car and close all the windows or go into a nearby building right away. If there’s no building around, try to find a low place to stay in. Squat (蹲) down near the ground and put your hands over your ears to protect them. Loud thunder (雷声) can damage your hearing. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案。 1．Storms often happen in ________. A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter 2．Why should people take storms seriously? A．Because they are very dangerous. B．Because they happen often. C．Because they are fun to watch. D．Because they stop people doing many things. 3．What can you do when you’re indoors during a lightning storm? A．Read a book. B．Take a shower. C．Watch TV. D．Talk on the phone. 4．Where can you take shelter during a lightning storm? A．Under a tree. B．In a high place. C．In a room with all windows open. D．In a car with all windows closed. 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．What a lightning storm is. B．How to keep safe during a lightning storm. C．Things people can’t do during a lightning storm. D．Ways to make people take lightning storms seriously. Two forest fires were controlled in Guiyang City, capital of southwest China’s Guizhou Province. The local government said late on Saturday, no deaths were reported. The two fires began at 3:00 p. m. on Friday afternoon in Huaxi of Guiyang City and burned 200 square kilometers, but they were under control, said Jiang Xueming, head of the rescue (救援) team. More than 1, 000 firefighters saved people nearby and removed (移开) over 100 tons of materials from a local factory which would be burned easily, Jiang said. The local fire fighting apartment has sent a plane to fight the fires, but it is still unsure when the fires will be put out completely because of the strong wind and dry weather. The fires came a month after Chinese Vice Premier Hui Liangyu warned that China has entered “a very dangerous period during which there is a very high risk of forest fires”, as high temperatures have been hovering over northeast, north and southwest China areas since the beginning of winter last year. “With the arrival of autumn and winter, ire prevention (预防) and control becomes harder, which requires necessary knowledge, ”Hui said. “Efforts should be made to prepare for fire prevention and control in important holidays such as the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day. Ability to put out fires scientifically while making sure of firemen’s safety should also be improved.” 1．When did the two forest fires take place in Guiyang? A．On Saturday morning. B．On Friday morning. C．On Saturday afternoon. D．On Friday afternoon. 2．Which of the following added to the difficulty of putting out the fires? A．The people nearby. B．The materials in the local factory. C．The strong wind and dry weather. D．The water shortage. 3．What does the underlined word “hovering” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Staying. B．Reducing. C．Taking. D．Touring. 4．How can we prevent fires according to the last paragraph? A．By taking away the materials. B．By controlling the temperatures. C．By learning necessary knowledge. D．By preparing for important holidays. 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．It is very important to prevent and control forest fires. B．Two forest fires were controlled in Guizhou Province. C．Efforts should be made to prevent and control forest fires. D．We need to learn necessary knowledge to control forest fires. Many cities around the world face increasing problems with flooding, especially during heavy rains. Traditional city designs often use large areas of concrete and roads, which prevent rainwater from soaking into the ground. This leads to runoff (径流) and floods. To address this, China is developing a new concept called “Sponge Cities”. A “Sponge City” is designed to absorb, store, filter, and reuse rainwater, much like a sponge. This involves several strategies. For example, permeable (可渗透的) roads and sidewalks are built, allowing water to pass through them into the soil below. Green roofs and walls are created on buildings, which can absorb rainwater and cool down the city. Parks and wetlands are also important parts of sponge cities, as they can temporarily hold large amounts of water and gradually release it. The benefits of Sponge Cities are numerous. Firstly, they effectively reduce urban flooding by managing rainwater locally. Secondly, they improve water quality by filtering pollutants (污染物) as water soaks into the ground. Thirdly, they help to replenish (补充) underground water sources, which is important for long-term water supply. Fourthly, by increasing green spaces, they help to cool down cities, making them more comfortable and beautiful. While building Sponge Cities requires significant investment and careful planning, the long-term environmental and economic benefits are huge. It’s a sustainable approach to urban development, offering a greener and safer future for city dwellers. China aims to transform 80% of its cities into “Sponge Cities” by 2030, showing a strong commitment to this innovative solution. 1．What is the main problem that “Sponge Cities” aim to solve? A．Lack of green spaces in cities. B．Air pollution in urban areas. C．Urban flooding during heavy rains. D．High cost of building new roads. 2．Which of the following is NOT a strategy used in “Sponge Cities”? A．Building permeable roads. B．Creating green roofs and walls. C．Using traditional concrete roads everywhere. D．Developing more parks and wetlands. 3．What does the underlined word “permeable” in Paragraph 2 most likely mean? A．Allowing water to pass through. B．Very strong and durable. C．Made of concrete. D．Not affected by heat. 4．Which of the following is a benefit of “Sponge Cities”? A．They increase urban air pollution. B．They reduce underground water sources. C．They make cities hotter. D．They improve water quality. 5．What can we infer about China’s attitude towards “Sponge Cities”? A．China is not very serious about this concept. B．China sees it as a temporary solution. C．China is highly committed to developing them. D．China believes it’s too expensive to build them. Hello, my name is Sarah. I was around lightning (闪电) while climbing a mountain in the Grand Canyon, but I was safe because I knew the following tips. Outdoors If there is a thunderstorm (雷暴雨), try to find a low place to stay in until the thunderstorm is over. You can also go into a nearby house or a car. Make sure that the windows of it are closed. Do not stand under a tree or use the umbrella with metal (金属) things. If the lightning is around you, do a ‘lightning couch’—squat down (蹲下) with your heels together and put your hands over your ears. Remember not to lie down. Indoors During a thunderstorm, keep away from anything that is made of metal, such as TVs because lightning can come into the house through wires (电线). When there is a thunderstorm outside, don’t stand near the windows. And don’t take a bath when there is a thunderstorm. Never use the phone during a thunderstorm, because lightning can hit the phone line and travel through the line and hit you. 1．If Jim meets a thunderstorm when climbing a mountain, what should he do? A．Stay in a low place. B．Stay under an umbrella. C．Stay under a tree. D．Stay in a car with the windows open. 2．What does the underlined word “it” refers to? A．the mountain B．the thunderstorm C．the car D．the Grand Canyon 3．Why shouldn’t people use the phones during a thunderstorm? A．Because phones can get wet. B．Because phones have no signal. C．Because phones need to rest quickly. D．Because lightning may travel through phone line. 4．Which of the following is NOT safe during a thunderstorm? A．Squatting down with heels together. B．Taking a bath at home. C．Staying in a closed car. D．Keeping away from metal things. 5．Where is the text probably taken from? A．A science fiction. B．A story book. C．A safety guide. D．A travel guide. 进阶拓展训练5篇 Typhoon Season is Here! The arrival of Typhoon Regasa, the fourth typhoon this year, marks the start of our yearly typhoon season (July-October). Born over warm Pacific waters, typhoons act like giant spinning (旋转) fans that suck up ocean heat and moisture. When they approach land, nature puts on a dramatic show: howling winds bend trees like noodles, rain pours down like waterfalls from the sky, and storm surges push seawater onto streets. These powerful storms bring more than just a rainy day. Wind gusts can break windows and tear roofs off buildings. Heavy rains trigger (触发) floods that turn roads into rivers, while landslides (滑坡) bury villages in mud. In 2025, a single typhoon displaced over 20,000 people in coastal areas. But don’t fear! Safety starts with preparation. Before the typhoon hits, store extra food and batteries. Tape windows in a “米” shape to prevent breaking. During the storm, stay indoors away from glass. If flooding occurs (发生), head to higher ground—never walk through moving water! After it passes, avoid downed power lines which can electrocute people. Remember that typhoons test our readiness, but with smart actions, we can dance through the storm! 1．When does typhoon season typically occur? A．May-August. B．June-September. C．July-October. D．August-November. 2．What does “nature puts on a dramatic show” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Beautiful rainbows after the storm. B．People preparing for vacation. C．Animals hiding from bad weather. D．Intense wind, rain, and storm surges. 3．How should people prepare windows for a typhoon? A．Cover them with boards. B．Tape them in a “米” shape. C．Keep them slightly open D．Remove glass panes. 4．The main purpose of this text is to ________. A．describe the beauty of typhoons B．criticize poor storm preparations C．inform about typhoon risks and safety steps D．track Typhoon Regasa’s movement 5．Who would most likely need this information? A．Local people in coastal disaster-prone areas. B．Scientists studying ocean temperatures. C．Tourists planning beach vacations. D．Farmers harvesting crops. In late November 2025, a devastating fire broke out in Hung Fuk Court, Tai Po, Hong Kong, leaving a profound impact on the city. The blaze, which started in a residential building during maintenance work, spread rapidly due to the use of non-flame-retardant scaffolding nets, trapping many residents inside. After 43 hours of intense rescue efforts, the fire was finally controlled, but the disaster resulted in 159 deaths and 79 injuries, including heroic firefighters who sacrificed their lives while saving others. For 65-year-old Chan Yuk- fung, a resident who escaped with her granddaughter, the tragedy was both heart-wrenching and inspiring-she lost her home but witnessed unprecedented unity across Hong Kong and the Greater Bay Area. The Tai Po fire triggered an immediate and comprehensive response from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) government. Within hours, temporary shelters were set up at nearby venues such as Tai Po Kwong Fuk Shopping Center and community halls, accommodating over 700 displaced residents. The HKSAR government established three special task forces to handle investigation, emergency support, and housing arrangements, demonstrating its commitment as the “responsible guardian” of citizens. To assist victims, the government launched the “Hung Fuk Court Assistance Fund,” which quickly accumulated HK37 billion-including HK3 billion in government seed money and HK34 billion in donations from enterprises, foundations, and individuals. Each affected family was eligible for a HK100,000 living subsidy to ease their financial burden. Beyond the HKSAR’s efforts, central government departments provided strong support. The Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office coordinated with the Ministry of Emergency Management to deliver critical supplies, including portable chargers, rescue robots, and breathing apparatus, in three batches. The State Fire and Rescue Administration also dispatched advanced equipment such as lighting drones and exoskeleton suits to enhance search and rescue capabilities. The Greater Bay Area responded swiftly too-Guangdong Province sent medical supplies and rescue teams, while Macao donated HK30 million through its foundation. Shenzhen residents organized “love relays” to deliver warm clothing and daily necessities to border checkpoints for Hong Kong volunteers. Community solidarity became a defining feature of the disaster response. Thousands of volunteers flocked to Tai Po, forming human chains to transport supplies at Kwong Fuk Shopping Center, where piles of water, food, and clothing created “mountains of love.” Local businesses offered free hotel rooms, transportation cards, and hot meals, while charitable organizations provided psychological counseling and funeral services. Even ordinary citizens contributed-some set up stalls to distribute free hot drinks, while others used social media to coordinate aid efforts. This outpouring of kindness transcended regional boundaries, reflecting the deep bond between people across Hong Kong and the mainland. As Hong Kong moves towards recovery, the HKSAR government is advancing long- term reconstruction plans. Financial Secretary Paul Chan announced five mid-to-long-term solutions, including building public housing in Tai Po to accommodate residents who wish to stay in their original community. Eligible families can also purchase public housing units across districts as early as mid-2026, with over 9,700 units available. Meanwhile, investigations into the fire’s cause are ongoing-police and the Independent Commission Against Corruption have arrested 21 individuals on suspicion of manslaughter and corruption related to substandard construction materials. Despite the tragedy, Hong Kong’s legislative council election proceeded as scheduled on December 7, 2025, with candidates focusing on post-disaster reconstruction in their campaigns, embodying the city’s resilience to move forward. 1．What caused the rapid spread of the Tai Po fire? A．Strong winds in the residential area. B．Non-flame-retardant scaffolding nets. C．Lack of fire-fighting equipment. D．Residents’ improper use of electrical appliances. 2．How much money was accumulated in the “Hung Fuk Court Assistance Fund”? A．HK 3 billion. B．HK 34 billion. C．HK 37 billion. D．HK 100,000 per family. 3．What support did the central government provide? A．Sending medical teams to treat the injured. B．Donating HK$30 million through foundations. C．Delivering rescue equipment and supplies. D．Building temporary shelters for displaced residents. 4．How did the community show solidarity during the disaster? A．By organizing protests against the government. B．By forming volunteer teams and donating supplies. C．By closing businesses to mourn the victims. D．By demanding immediate arrest of the responsible parties. 5．What is one of the HKSAR government’s long-term reconstruction plans? A．Banning all maintenance work in residential buildings. B．Building public housing in Tai Po for affected residents. C．Relocating all Tai Po residents to other districts. D．Using the assistance fund to compensate businesses. Typhoons are strong storms formed by warm ocean water. When the temperature of the sea water is over 26.5℃, warm and wet air would rise and form thick clouds. Thanks to the Earth’s rotation (自转), the air around begins to spin (旋转). Once wind speeds reach 119 km/h, the storm becomes a typhoon. The strongest is faster than 252 km/h. ▲ The winds are so strong that they can blow down trees and damage (破坏) houses. People and cars may get hit by falling things. Also, typhoons bring lots of rain which may cause floods in low-lying areas. Here are some useful tips to keep safe. Before a typhoon, you can make some preparations. Make sure you close all the windows and doors. It’s also a good idea to have enough things like food, water, flashlights or power banks that last at least three days. During a typhoon, stay inside. Keep away from windows because the strong winds could break the glass and may get you hurt. Continue to listen to the radio or watch TV for news about the typhoon. After it passes, be careful. There might be fallen trees or power lines on the ground. Do not drink or prepare food with tap water unless you are sure that it is clean. Although typhoons may cause trouble, taking proper actions can cut down the loss (损失). By staying informed, preparing well, and following safety advice, we can deal with the natural disasters successfully. 1．Why does the writer begin the text by listing some numbers? A．To share a feeling. B．To give an opinion. C．To explain a fact. D．To offer an answer. 2．Which result may be caused by typhoons according to the passage? A．High temperature. B．Warm sea water. C．Low-lying areas. D．Broken windows. 3．Which is a proper action before a typhoon arrives? A．Prepare things you need. B．Clean all the windows and doors. C．Stay away from windows D．Make sure the tap water is clean. 4．Which sentence should be put in “ ▲ ”? A．Typhoons are important. B．How are typhoons formed? C．How do people face typhoons? D．Typhoons are dangerous. 5．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To list different kinds of typhoons. B．To explain typhoons and safety tips. C．To describe dangers of typhoons. D．To share a moving story of typhoons. In recent years heat and droughts (干旱) happen in many places around the world. The droughts caused serious problems, including shortages of food and energy, and problems with transportation. Droughts aren’t new, but the earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid. The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. The area suffered (遭受) from its worst drought in 40 years. The dry conditions have killed millions of farm animals and damaged the crops. The United Nations warned that as many as 22 million people in the area were in danger of getting hungry. Almost two-thirds of Europe suffered from what might be the worst drought in 500 years. With temperatures reaching 40℃ and higher, many crops have died. The low water levels cut the amount of hydroelectric (水力发电的) power that could be produced. Some rivers were so low that the heavy boats that carried coal couldn’t travel on them. In the US, the two largest reservoirs (水库), Lake Mead and Lake Powell are fed by the Colorado River. But they were at low levels because of the drought. The reservoirs are used to create hydroelectric energy. That could end if water levels drop farther. China faced similar problems. Some areas suffered from a terrible drought, with temperatures as high as 45℃. The drought dried up much of the water in the Yangtze River. That cut the amount of energy produced by the world’s largest dam (大坝) by about 40%. There are no easy ways of dealing with any of these droughts. Governments and people need to carefully manage water resources as much as possible. 1．What problems did the droughts cause according to the first paragraph? a. Lower costs of living.  b. The rise in coal prices. c. Shortages of food and energy.  d. Problems with transportation. A．a & b. B．a & c. C．c & d. D．b & d. 2．What does the underlined word “damaged” probably mean? A．Harmed. B．Controlled. C．Collected. D．Dried. 3．Which is the right structure of the passage? (① = paragraph 1  ②= paragraph 2…) A．①/②③④/⑤/⑥ B．①/②/③④⑤/⑥ C．①/②③④⑤⑥ D．①/②③④⑤/⑥ 4．What is the writer’s purpose of writing the text? A．To develop students’ interest in geography. B．To explain why and how the droughts happened. C．To introduced some important countries with droughts. D．To show problems the droughts have caused around the world. 5．What can we learn from the passage? A．The drought in Europe was the worst all over the world. B．The droughts are hard to avoid because of global warming. C．China didn’t suffer from high temperatures above 40℃. D．Lake Mead and Lake Powell couldn’t produce hydroelectric energy. Ragasa (桦加沙), the 18th typhoon of 2025, was a super typhoon with the maximum wind near the center reaching above level 17. Ragasa was predicted to bring extreme rainfall to southern coastal areas of China, with minimal effects on northern areas. While the typhoon’s effects were expected to end by late September, another typhoon moving west into the South China Sea could affect the area in early October and might bring further wind and rain, requiring continued vigilance (警戒). Although Typhoon warnings would be cancelled as Ragasa weakened after landing, heavy rain and strong winds might still cause secondary disasters such as flooding, mudslides and landslides. Close attention was still essential. Generally, typhoons generated from June to August are classified as “summer typhoons”, while those formed from September to November are referred to as “autumn typhoons”. From 1949 to 2024, there were 867 “summer typhoons”, making it the most active season for typhoons. “Autumn typhoons” totalled 859, accounting for 49.8%  of typhoons of each year, and ranking the second-most active period, China Media Group reported. Ragasa is an “autumn typhoon”. According to weather data from 1949 to 2024, “autumn typhoons” tend to be stronger and have a greater effect compared to the summer ones, according to CMG. From August to September, the tropical (热带的) ocean temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere (半球) reach the highest point, creating good conditions for typhoon formation and energy increase. As autumn sets in, cold air becomes more active, speeding up the wind near the typhoon’s center, further leading to the intensification of the storm. As a result, the possibility of severe or super typhoons happening in the autumn is higher. Additionally, the combination of “autumn typhoons” and cold air can cause intense rainfall, leading to more severe disasters. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By giving an example. C．By stating a fact. D．By telling a story. 2．What might happen in early October based on the passage? A．Ragasa would return with stronger winds. B．Another typhoon could bring wind and rain. C．The South China Sea would become calm. D．Summer typhoons would start to form. 3．What can we infer from Paragraph 3 about Ragasa? A．Once a typhoon weakens, it causes no more danger at all. B．Typhoons in autumn are much stronger than summer ones. C．Most typhoons happen during the autumn season each year. D．The period from June to August sees the most typhoons. 4．What does the underlined word “intensification” most likely mean in paragraph 5? A．The process of becoming stronger. B．The movement of changing direction C．The process of becoming weaker. D．The stop of all storm activities. 5．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To compare summer typhoons with autumn typhoons. B．To explain why autumn typhoons are stronger. C．To provide general knowledge about a super typhoon. D．To warn people about the disasters caused by typhoons. 能力综合实践5篇 Earthquake safety tipsAn earthquake may cause deaths and injuries, so it’s important to be prepared for it and know how to protect yourself when an earthquake happens. Make your rooms safe for an earthquake ________When you are inside: ·Hide under a strong table. ·If there’s no table, stay in a corner or go to a small room. ·Stay away from windows, shelves and heavy objects. ·After the shaking stops, get out of the building to an open area. Walk down the stairs instead of taking a lift. When you are outside: ·Stay away from buildings, trees, streetlights and power lines. ·If you are in a car, stop and stay in your seat. Keep away from buildings and trees. Never cross a bridge when you feel the shake. 1．According to the reading, the TV should be ________. A．fixed in position B．hung on the wall C．put on lower shelves D．kept away from windows 2．The writer thinks it is ________ to put a bed near the window. A．wise B．dangerous C．usual D．convenient 3．Which of the following can be put in ________? A．Get prepared ahead of time B．A safety box may save your life C．Things to check after an earthquake D．Keep yourself safe during an earthquake 4．What shouldn’t you do when an earthquake happens? A． B． C． D． 5．The passage is mainly to tell people ________. A．how to fix furniture at home B．how to protect themselves in an earthquake C．what causes earthquakes D．where to go after an earthquake Fifteen people died and 28 were missing after flash floods hit Yuzhong County and nearby areas in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. CCTV reported this news, at 6 p.m. on Saturday, according to the local flood control office. Heavy rains from Thursday to Friday caused the disaster. The rain was very heavy. In some places, 220 millimetres (毫米) of rain fell in just 15 hours. That’s more than half of what the area gets in a whole year! The floods damaged many things: roads were washed out, power lines fell down, and some houses were destroyed. Over 30,000 people had to leave their homes. They couldn’t get clean water or electricity easily. Two important roads were badly hit: the S104 highway and Xinghuang Road. Nearly 40 kilometres of these roads were damaged. These roads are very useful. People use them to carry food and other goods, and to go from one place to another. Now that the roads are closed, it's hard for workers to deliver (运送) aid to those in need. It's also difficult for people to go out daily. But many people are working hard to help. By 6 p.m. on Friday, the provincial transport department (省交通部门) had sent more than 40 big machines, like diggers, and over 200 workers. They worked to fix the roads. So far, they have opened three parts of the S104 highway and four parts of Xinghuang Road again. Other workers are trying to fix the power and water. Many companies are giving help too, like sending tents and food. The rescue and repair work is still going on. Everyone hopes things will get better soon. 1．How much rain fell compared to the area’s usual yearly rain? A．Double the yearly rain. B．Over half of yearly rain. C．About 1/3 of yearly rain. D．Exactly half of yearly rain. 2．What does the underlined word “diggers” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Tools cleaning water. B．Doctors saving people. C．Machines fixing roads. D．Helicopters (直升机) finding people. 3．Why did broken roads cause big trouble? A．They made all houses fall. B．They made the rain heavier. C．They broke power lines forever. D．They stopped help from coming and people from travelling. 4．What is the report mainly about? A．How many people were hurt. B．Why the heavy rain happened. C．Money lost from road damage. D．The flood’s harm and help given. 5．Why does the writer give numbers of machines and workers? A．To say help came too late. B．To compare different helpers. C．To explain why power went out. D．To show how hard people are working. On March 15, a wildfire swept a forest in Yajiang county, Sichuan province. Luckily, no one died. Wildfires can be very dangerous as they go quickly. ① ________ In 2023, there were 328 wildfires in China. 147 of them happened in March and April, making up almost half of the wildfires. ② ________ ·There is little rainfall in many areas, such as Southwest China. ·Plants are starting to grow and recover from winter. ·Strong winds are quite common at this time, making wildfires spread more easily. ③ ________ Stay calm. This will help you to make better decisions. Watch the wind. Stay upwind (逆风) of the fire. Change the place where you are quickly if it starts blowing towards you. If the fire is all around you, protect yourself with a wet covering and look for areas with water. Wide roads can also help keep a space between you and the fire. 1．What percent of wildfires in China happened in March and April? A．Almost 50%. B．Almost 80%. C．Almost 20%. D．Almost 90%. 2．What’s the right order of the title for each part? a. Why do wildfires happen a lot in spring? b. What should we do in the face of a wildfire? c. How often do wildfires appear? A．a→b→c B．b→a→c C．c→a→b D．c→b→a 3．Which of the following places is safe when there is a wildfire? A． B． C． D． 4．What can you use to cover yourself if the fire is all around you? A．Warm clothes. B．A wet quilt (被子). C．A dry blanket. D．Soft toys. 5．What can we infer from the article? A．Wildfires in Sichuan are the most dangerous in the world. B．People should always carry a wet quilt when going to the forest. C．Correct safety knowledge can help people survive wildfires. D．It’s impossible to protect yourself if a wildfire breaks out. From May to November, six beach houses have fallen down in North Carolina’s Outer Banks—a troubling sign of how erosion (侵蚀) continues to put a toll on the state’s coastal villages. The most recent collapse (倒塌) happened between last Thursday and Friday after a storm caused powerful waves along Rodanthe. The house was empty, and officials have been in contact with the house owner. Less than a mile away, three other homes had fallen down in September. Since 2020, a total of 11 houses in the area have been washed away into the ocean. Cape Hatteras National Seashore said strong winds, large waves, as well as rising sea levels—which are caused by climate change—are causing beaches on the Outer Banks to wash away. “Many buildings close to the beach in Rodanthe are either partially or fully covered with ocean water on a regular basis,” the Seashore said. It’s a problem faced by coastal communities around the country. In North Carolina, over 750 homes along the state’s beaches are considered in danger from erosion, according to an August report released by the state’s Department of Environmental Quality and Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Erosion in these coastal villages affects tourism and destroys sea turtles’ home, and when homes fall down, it leaves ruins (废墟). The situation is expected to worsen as a result of rising sea levels and more coastal storms. National Seashore officials have warned owners of unsafe houses to either strengthen their home’s supports or move to a safer location if possible. 1．What does the underlined phrase “put a toll on” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Cause damage to. B．Give way to. C．Bring more people to. D．Make more contributions to. 2．What can we know about the most recent collapse? A．Six houses were washed away. B．It happened because of a storm hit. C．It resulted in many people missing. D．Police failed to contact the house owner. 3．What might put the beach houses in danger? A．The daily effects of winds and waves. B．The loss of wildlife’s home. C．The ruins of houses left on beaches. D．The weak structure of the houses. 4．What should be done according to the local officials? A．Take measures to control rising sea levels. B．Solve the problem by protecting the ecosystem. C．Reduce the effect on tourism by clearing the ruins. D．Strengthen the house structure or move to new places. 5．What is the best title for the text? A．New Houses were Built for Safety B．Tourism Worsens in North Carolina C．Rising Seas Put Coastal Towns at Risk D．Climate Change Leads to Stronger Storms On October 9th, Hurricane (飓风) Milton became the 5th hurricane to hit the United States in 2024. Big storms like this are happening more often and are getting stronger. So, meteorologists (气象学家) are working hard to predict (预测) them. AI is playing an important role in this work. For years, meteorologists have used computers to make models of storms. They use information from planes and satellites (人造卫星). It takes those models hours to create predictions. But AI models use lots of data (数据) from past storms to find patterns (模式). They can find rules that most humans can’t. And they can do this very quickly. This year, AI models made accurate (精确的) predictions about storms in just seconds, sometimes even days before they happened. One AI program called GraphCast correctly predicted that Hurricane Beryl would hit Texas on July 8th, while a traditional model predicted it would hit Mexico. GraphCast was right, and the team behind it won an engineering prize. In September, another AI program called AIFS predicted the path of Hurricane Francine as it hit Louisiana. Because it was so accurate, Matt Lanza, a meteorologist in Houston, Texas, felt confident about telling people in Texas that the storm wouldn’t be a problem for them. “It was really amazing,” Lanza said. Even though AI is helpful and has made significant successes, it’s not perfect. Lanza said that AI models have trouble predicting how strong a storm will be and how much rain will fall. That’s why meteorologists need to use AI along with other tools. “We’re not just letting AI make the forecasts (预报),” he said. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By making a study. B．By asking questions. C．By listing some numbers. D．By showing an example. 2．How are AI models different from traditional models according to Paragraph 2? A．AI models are faster at creating predictions. B．AI models need information only from satellites. C．AI models need more data to make predictions. D．It takes longer for AI models to give more accurate results. 3．What does the underlined word “significant” in Paragraph 5 mean? A．Quite peaceful. B．Very convenient. C．Very important. D．Quite nervous. 4．How will the future use of AI in weather prediction be? A．It won’t get any better than it is now. B．It will be more accurate but still needs help from humans. C．It will do all the work and replace human meteorologists. D．It will only be used for predicting hurricanes, not other weather events. 5．What would be the best structure (结构) of the passage? A． B． C． D． 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $