专题03 阅读理解（说明文）（广东专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·广东惠州市·二模） Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed batteries that use a product found in crustacean (甲壳纲动物) shells to store energy. The new batteries are more eco-friendly, energy efficient and affordable compared to traditional ones. The scientists are now pushing to have the product adopted in the commercial production of batteries. They say that using this product is necessary owing to the increased move towards electric cars and green energy at large. The world is rapidly changing towards green energy and batteries are at the center of this move, so it is necessary to make batteries eco-friendly. “We think both biodegradability (生物降解性) of material and the performance of the batteries are important for a product, which has the potential to be commercialized,” said Liangbing Hu, the lead author of the study. According to the study published in Matter, traditional batteries could be quite harmful to the environment. For instance, products such as lithium (锂)used in batteries can stay in the environment for hundreds or thousands of years. Crustaceans such as shrimp, lobsters and crabs have hard skeletons whose cells contain a substance making the shells hard and resistant. Interestingly, this substance is available widely in nature and is often thrown away as waste in food industries. Scientists believe that the product could be used to improve the performance of batteries.       The researchers were able to come up with a cheaper and more renewable battery which is 99.7% energy efficient even after 1000 battery cycles. That is about 400 hours. Further, they found that the batteries can break down in soil in five months. The leftover zinc, a common metal, can be recovered for continuous recycling. “The design of new batteries that are respectful of the environment, cheap and producing high discharge capacity, is one of the more important items that must be developed in the coming years,” said Antonio Romero, professor of material sciences at the University of Cartagena in Spain. 1．Why are researchers developing the new batteries? A．To employ a product as storage. B．To replace the traditional batteries. C．To address needs of clean energy. D．To use waste from food industries. 2．What is an advantage of employing the substance from crustaceans? A．It costs less than lithium. B．It reduces food waste. C．It makes batteries harder. D．It is naturally plentiful. 3．How does the author describe the new batteries in paragraph 5? A．By quoting experts. B．By providing statistics. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Lithium Batteries:A Threat to Environment B．Crustacean Shells Powering Future Batteries C．Food Waste:A New Source of Green Energy D．Zinc Recovery Supporting Battery Development Passage 2 （2026·广东湛江市·二模） We live in a world with finite resources. Even if in the past, we human beings tended to ignore this vital fact in favor of uncontrolled and rapid economic growth, we’re now gradually reaching a point of no return in terms of drying-up of resources and pollution of the environment. Faced with such an urgent situation, we have to actively explore and widely apply environment-friendly means that go from empowering recycling technology, to further the advance of renewable energy use. For all this, M2M technology, with its practical and advanced features, is a perfect enabler. In the recycling department, M2M has created a lot of room for improvement. Different applications are possible — from specialized vehicle management solutions for garbage trucks to intelligent garbage bins that send alerts when they are half or completely full so as to realize timely emptying. Other projects are mainly designed for the final user, like the reVend Light Bulb Recycling Reverse Vending connected machine acting as an intelligent recycling point for lightbulbs (电灯泡). In any case, it’s clear that many recycling initiatives are taking advantage of managed connectivity and fleet (车队) management technologies that have already proven their efficiency. Still, recycling isn’t the only area of action of M2M when it comes to being eco-friendly. In fact, it offers a range of approaches to improve energy usage besides smart energy and sustainability solutions by promoting renewable energy use and the responsible consumption of water. For instance, M2M managed services provider, Wyless, released some interesting “green solutions” jointly developed with other companies back in June 2012. One of the most interesting projects was the solution of solar-powered connected parking meters developed with IPS, a technology that means not so much upkeep but can function in good shape and lower operating costs for local governments. Wyless is also working with Weathermatic to offer intelligent systems that allow remote and automated irrigation control, which will help avoid over-watering, thus reducing water bills and the risk of property damage. 1．What does the underlined word “finite” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Sustainable. B．Polluted. C．Accessible. D．Limited. 2．What is M2M aimed to do? A．Test eco-technology. B．Save recycling labour. C．Boost green solutions. D．Generate new energy. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The urgency of applying M2M. B．The methods of developing M2M. C．M2M’s restrictions on waste recycling. D．M2M’s practical adoption in recycling. 4．What is an advantage of the solution of solar-powered connected parking meters? A．It needs less maintenance. B．It guarantees safe parking. C．It can be smartly responsive. D．It can be remotely controlled. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·广东省·二模） Greenfield Community Library is where kids and adults alike come to grab their next favorite read, flip through fresh magazines, or pick up a fun movie — all ready to take home and enjoy. It’s a place designed to make borrowing easy and stress-free, with simple rules that let you focus on what matters: diving into great stories. Take home books, magazines, or movie discs whenever you want. Books stay with you for three whole weeks, giving you plenty of time to get through every chapter. You can keep the dictionary for one month. Magazines stick around for a week, perfect for quick reads. And movies? You’ve got five days to watch them as many times as you like. Need a little extra time? No problem — renew books up to twice, and magazines or movies once. Just call or visit the library’s website, and you’re set. Life gets busy, we get it — but late fees here are kept small, so you won’t stress. For each day a book is late, you will be charged 25 cents. Magazines get a fee of 15 cents per day, and movies 50 cents. Oops, lost a book or broke a disc? We’ll help you replace it, with prices that fit the item — newer books cost a bit more, but older ones are easier on the wallet. And if you find that lost book later? We’ll refund (退还) your money, no questions asked. Got sick and can’t return things on time? Just let us know, and we’ll stop those late fees until you’re feeling better. School holidays? Extend your borrows without extra charges — just tell us before the due date. Come visit, borrow, and lose yourself in something great — we can’t wait to see you! 1．Which can a borrower keep the shortest? A．A film. B．A magazine. C．A book. D．A dictionary. 2．How much is the late fee for a book returned two days late? A．15 cents. B．25 cents. C．50 cents. D．75 cents. 3．What do the library’s policies indicate about its values? A．Commitment to strict rules. B．Emphasis on fee collection. C．Concern for borrowers’ welfare. D．Requirement for identification proof. Passage 2 （2026·广东惠州市·二模） Young students are often considered “digital natives”, with technology in every aspect of their lives. While this can be an advantage in some situations, research has found that the impact is not completely positive. To compare the effectiveness of handwritten and typed classroom notes, Pam Mueller from Princeton and Daniel Oppenheimer from UCLA conducted experiments in a simulated (模拟的) classroom environment, where groups of students — sample sizes ranged from 67 to 151 — watched video lectures and took notes either by hand or on laptops, with the Internet switched off and other programs disabled to avoid distraction. After the lecture, the students first took tests of working memory. Next, they were examined on what they retained from the lectures. The tests consisted of both factual questions and conceptual-application questions, which were designed to assess their understanding of key concepts in the videos. The results showed that while laptop users recorded much more words, the two groups performed equally on factual questions. However, laptop users performed much worse on conceptual-application questions. To further explore the role of note-taking in long-term learning, the researchers tested students a week later to determine if taking more notes on a laptop was helpful when reviewing before the test. Without note review, both groups showed similar performance; but with a 10-minute review, students with handwritten notes performed better on both factual and conceptual questions. The findings of the experiments might imply an advantage for handwritten notes in processing information. However, it is also possible that, because of processing information to a greater depth, reviewing these notes reminded the students of the lecture information more effectively than reviewing laptop notes did. “This isn’t about whether to use technology, but about how to use it intentionally.” Pam Mueller noted, “When the goal is to deeply understand and apply concepts, forcing students to actively engage with information by hand, rather than passively typing it, proves to be a more effective approach.” 1．What do Pam and Daniel’s experiments focus on? A．The value of two note-taking methods. B．The long-term benefits of handwriting. C．The effectiveness of writing lessons. D．The advantages of technology in memory. 2．What does the underlined word “retained” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Recorded. B．Understood. C．Discussed. D．Explained. 3．What do we know about the findings of the experiments? A．Handwritten notes improves deeper learning. B．Taking more notes leads to better performance. C．Laptop notes are superior for memorizing facts. D．More detailed notes help with short-term recall. 4．What does Pam Mueller suggest about classroom technology? A．Replace it with handwriting. B．Avoid it in conceptual learning. C．Use it for deep understanding. D．Apply it based on learning goals. Passage 3 （2025·广东茂名市·二模） A case study is an in-depth study of one person, group, or event. In a case study, nearly every aspect of the subject’s life and history is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behavior. Case studies can be used in many different fields, including psychology, medicine, education, political science, and social work. It’s important to remember that the insights from case studies cannot be used to determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables. However, case studies may be used to develop theories that can then be addressed in experimental research. There have been a number of notable case studies in the history of psychology. Much of Freud’s work and theories were developed through individual case studies. Here is one great example of case studies in psychology. Anna O was a patient of a physician named Josef Breuer. While she was never a patient of Freud’s, Freud and Breuer discussed her case extensively. The woman was experiencing symptoms of a condition that was then known as hysteria, a state of uncontrolled excitement, fear or panic, and found that talking about her problems helped relieve her symptoms. Her case played an important part in the development of talk therapy (疗法) as an approach to mental health treatment. As demonstrated in the case of Anna O, case studies offer valuable insights into understanding human behavior and developing treatment methods. When you are writing a case study, you should include a section where you discuss the case study itself, including the advantages and limitations of the study. You should note how the findings of your case study might support previous research. You should also describe some of the implications of your case study. What ideas or findings might require further exploration? How might researchers go about exploring some of these questions in additional studies? Case studies clarify rare phenomena, inform practical involvement, and bridge clinical observation with experimental research to advance psychological understanding. 1．What is the main purpose of a case study? A．To develop experimental researches. B．To prove theories in different fields. C．To replace psychological theories with data. D．To analyze a subject’s life patterns thoroughly. 2．What can be learned from paragraph 2 about case studies? A．They can establish causal links. B．They support theory formation. C．They generate insufficient statistical data. D．They offer conclusive experimental evidence. 3．What was the significance of Anna O’s case? A．It marked the first case of hysteria. B．It helped Freud develop his theories. C．It aided the development of talk therapies. D．It showed the importance of medical treatment. 4．What should case study writers include? A．Predictions about behavioral patterns. B．Comparison with experimental designs. C．Discussion of clinical observation methods. D．Evaluation of study strengths and weaknesses. Passage 4 （2026·广东深圳市·二模） It’s Monday morning again. Like many others, you spend your weekend resting, say, scrolling on your phone, but somehow when the workweek arrives, you never feel as refreshed as you hoped. You wonder: Is there a better way to recharge? Now research suggests the answer is “yes” and it lies in leisure crafting. Leisure crafting is not about what you do in your free time, but how you do it. It involves structuring things you already enjoy doing with intentionality so that they help you set individual goals, promote social connections, and build skills. The idea is not to completely shift your approach to free time — or even pick up new pursuits-as much as it is to integrate a few specific goals. Like to run? Try training for a race. Enjoy reading? Aim to read a certain number of books every month. Setting goals in off-hours looks like another example of letting work-brain logic inch its way into personal lives. But done right, it can help you feel a sense of purpose, confidence, and accomplishment, says Alex Hamrick, a management professor at the University of Richmond. Researchers did 11 field studies with more than 2,400 working professionals and found that individuals reported higher energy levels, more positive moods, and stronger overall well-being after engaging in leisure crafting. While leisure crafting requires commitment and goal-setting, it is still simply that: leisure. The goal is not to turn hobbies into a second job. Research has shown that people’s productivity tends to stop increasing at 60 hours a week. Expanding the hours spent maximizing output, even in pursuit of perfecting your cooking techniques or reading detective novels, could make you more tired. Hamrick agrees that if purposeful pursuits start to feel like work, it might be time to stop. Leisure crafting should enhance-not replace-other forms of relaxation. A recent government guide to getting off your phone included the suggestion of setting a recreational goal as a diversion from the screen. Beyond all the grander reasons to leisure craft, that simple one may be among the most relevant. 1．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A．Lack of effective ways to rest. B．Working through the weekend. C．Addiction to playing on phones. D．Feeling worried about the future. 2．Which of the following is the main feature of leisure crafting? A．Shifting your life focus. B．Extending your free time. C．Acting with a purpose. D．Taking up new hobbies. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about concerning leisure crafting? A．Its approaches. B．Its purposes. C．Its benefits. D．Its examples. 4．Why does the author mention the research in paragraph 4? A．To argue against setting unrealistic goals. B．To warn against overdoing leisure crafting. C．To explain why commitment is vital for success. D．To prove how leisure crafting improves efficiency. 主题 03 人与社会 —— 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2026·广东阳江市·二模） Thomas has an engaging view from his Amsterdam flat. His street is lined with imposing 17th-Century canal houses-but what he sees each day is distinctly modern. Day after day, tourists form long queues (队伍) on the bridge, holding up €5.50 box of fries against the backdrop for online posts. Fabel Friet is the place to get fries in Amsterdam. The brand opened its first shop in 2020 and blew up on TikTok in 2023; ever since, its original location has drawn constant lines. A few meters away, a Korean sandwich shop has similar queues. Amsterdam is far from the only city where people are waiting for mouth-watering food. New York’s L’Industrie draws hour-long queues for a slice of pizza. Getting a salt beef bagel (贝果) at London institution Beigel Bake is a test in loyalty and patience, while Fukuoka’s I’m Donut? trend has gone global. Across the world, travelers are now willing to wait an hour or more for trendy takes. But psychologists say that these lines aren’t really about the food at all; they reveal how social media, status and performance are reshaping modern travel. A queue doesn’t just signal popularity; it has a powerful psychological influence. The fear of missing out (FOMO) is the strongest explanation for why people wait for food they’ve only heard about. For positive experiences, when people see other people in line for something, it makes the “thing” people are queuing up for seem more desirable and elicits FOMO. Whether we realize it or not, waiting in line for trending food is all part of a broader performance. People aren’t just eating the viral food — they’re filming themselves doing it, with their subsequent posts indicating that they’re onto something special. Viral dishes spread across social media before the travelers arrive, and millions watch others try them on camera. And because so much of this performance now happens online, the places people visit aren’t discovered through wandering; they’re delivered by algorithms (算 法). That changes not just how travelers behave, but where they go in the first place. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The development of local food shops. B．The historical attractions of Amsterdam. C．The popularity of viral food with tourists. D．The effect of social media on old buildings. 2．Why does the author mention examples of other cities? A．To prove the trend’s global spread. B．To show the variety of local food. C．To present ways of attracting tourists. D．To compare various eating preferences. 3．What does the underlined word“elicits” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Relies on. B．Sticks with. C．Turns to. D．Brings about. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Influences of Tourists on Local Life B．Why Travelers Queue for Viral Food? C．One Psychological Secret in Social Media D．What Makes Local Food Popular Worldwide? Passage 2 （2026·广东汕头市·二模） After decades of limited use, geothermal (地热) energy is experiencing a global revival. The United Downs plant in Cornwall, England, has become the first geothermal facility to supply electricity to the UK grid (电网), generating electricity while also producing lithium (锂) for batteries. The developer says geothermal energy is experiencing a renaissance, driven by continuous renewable energy demand in the US and Europe. Unlike weather-dependent wind and solar, geothermal provides continuous clean power with shorter construction period than nuclear and less environmental impact than hydropower. Geothermal power, though used for decades in volcanic hotspots, currently meets less than 1% of global energy demand. This could soon change, as the International Energy Agency says it may meet up to 15% of the expected growth in electricity demand by 2050. The Cornwall project reflects both the challenges and opportunities of this energy source. Geothermal exploration occurred during the oil crises of the 1970s. However, financing remained difficult as it carries oil-and-gas level risk but with lower returns. The project eventually secured funds and drilled two deep wells in 2018 and 2019. Underground, natural radioactive materials heat water to nearly 190°C under high pressure, which is then brought to the surface to generate electricity. An unexpected discovery added new value: the hot water contains significant lithium, essential for electric vehicle batteries, which could generate ten times more benefits than electricity itself, making such projects more financially attractive. Geothermal is becoming economical beyond shallow hotspots thanks to technological advances. Techniques borrowed from oil and gas drilling, including horizontal drilling and high-pressure water injection to crack hot rocks, allow access to geothermal energy in far more locations. Concerns remain about potential earthquakes and water pollution, but experts argue these risks can be managed. As more projects emerge worldwide, communities and investors are likely to grow more comfortable with the technology. With its ability to provide stable clean power around the clock, this ancient energy source may finally be coming into its own. 1．How does the author introduce geothermal energy in Paragraph 2? A．By listing examples. B．By giving a definition. C．By making comparison. D．By explaining cause and effect. 2．What mainly boosts geothermal projects’ financial appeal? A．Higher safety level. B．The discovery of its byproduct. C．Lower drilling costs. D．Rising demand of clean energy. 3．What benefit do advanced drilling techniques bring to geothermal use? A．Lithium may be economical. B．Earthquake risks may be avoided. C．More regions will be covered. D．Environmental harm will be reduced. 4．What can be inferred about geothermal energy? A．It is a new form of green energy. B．Its potential risks have been addressed. C．It has become economic worldwide. D．Its use may support growing energy demand. Passage 3 （2025·广东湛江市·二模） Students attending schools that ban the use of phones throughout the school day aren’t necessarily experiencing better mental health and well-being, as the first worldwide study of its kind has found that just banning smartphones is not enough to tackle their negative impacts. In a landmark study published in The Lancet Regional Health—Europe,1,227 students from 30 schools across England provided data about smartphone and social media usage and a range of mental health, well-being and other outcomes. Among the schools that took part in the study,20 had various forms of restrictive phone policies in place. The study found that there was no difference in outcomes for students who attend schools that ban smartphones throughout the school day, including mental health, well-being, and other health and educational outcomes. Smartphone bans in schools did lead to a slight decrease in students using phones (approximately 40 minutes) and social media (approximately 30 minutes) in school, but the study suggests that the impact is small and that school policies banning recreational phone use didn’t lead to a meaningful reduction in the overall time spent using phones and social media. “We did find a link between more time spent on phones and social media and worse outcomes, with worse mental well-being and mental health outcomes, less physical activity and poorer sleep, lower educational attainment and a greater level of disruptive classroom behaviour,” said Dr Victoria Goodyear, associate professor at the University of Birmingham and lead author of the study. “This suggests that reducing this time spent on phones is an important focus. But we need to do more than focus on schools alone, and consider phone use within and outside of school, across a whole day and the whole week.” Professor Miranda Pallan from the University of Birmingham said, “Our study suggests that school policies are not the silver bullet for preventing the detrimental impacts of smartphone and social media use, but that addressing overall phone use should be a priority for improving health and well-being among adolescents.” 1．What did the study mainly focus on? A．Banning phones and mental health. B．Time on the phone and physical health. C．Social media and personal preferences. D．School discipline and playing phones. 2．How did smartphone bans affect students’ phone usage during school hours? A．A slight increase in use. B．No obvious effect. C．Remaining unchanged. D．Switching to after-school activities. 3．What does the study suggest about school policies on smartphone use? A．They are the only solution. B．They have no impact at all. C．They have solved the problem. D．They are not a cure for all. 4．In which section is the text most likely to appear in a newspaper? A．Public Health. B．Behaviour Psychology. C．Educational Policy. D．Science and Technology. Passage 4 （2025·广东茂名市·二模） It’s a hot night on the western coast of Sri Lanka. A team of volunteers is patrolling (巡逻) a popular tourist beach on the outskirts of Colombo, searching for turtle (海龟) nesting sites. They gather in a circle, digging in the sand at dusk. Turtle eggs have long been stolen as a food source by coastal communities, but more recently it is human activity of another kind that has proved a greater threat. As the city has expanded, restaurants and other tourist facilities have mushroomed along most parts of the country’s western coast, bringing in more people, noisy music, and much plastic and chemical waste, all of which harms turtle nesting during the reproducing season. Aware that life for the turtles was becoming more difficult, Muditha Katuwawala, one of the volunteers, expanded the activities of the Pearl Protectors to include regular patrols. Working with the coastguard, the volunteers help to find eggs laid in hazardous areas and remove them to a safe nesting place on the beach until they hatch. Nevertheless, a significant threat to the turtles comes from the illegal hunters because once they find a nest, all the eggs are usually taken. “Certain restaurants and hotels sell these eggs to the foreigners as a novel food, at a good price,” Katuwawala says. “So turtle eggs now have commercial demand.” He says patrolling alone will not create a lasting impact on turtle conservation and it needs to be combined with educating coastal communities. Another volunteer, Lara Wijesuriya, agrees. “It makes a difference to the community in how they perceive the problem and the solution,” she says. “And it makes a difference to the volunteers in how they approach the problem. It bridges the gap.” In the southern part of the island, the Turtle Conservation Project has gone a step further by employing hunters to protect nests, providing an alternative income. “When you finally see the baby turtles going into the ocean, it’s really nice to know that you helped a life to live,” Fernando, another volunteer, says. 1．What is a greater threat to turtle nesting recently? A．Urban expansion. B．Illegal hunting. C．Industrial activity. D．Destructive overfishing. 2．What does the underlined word “hazardous” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Risky. B．Scenic. C．Public. D．Crowded. 3．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4 and 5? A．The business value of turtle eggs. B．The threat of illegal hunting to turtle eggs. C．The role of volunteer efforts in conservation. D．The need of combining patrolling and educating. 4．Which is a suitable title for the text? A．Economic Benefits of Turtle Eggs B．Joint Efforts in Turtle Conservation C．Traditional Practices in Turtle Protection D．Coastal Tourism Challenges in Sri Lanka 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2025·广东汕头市·二模） In designing the robots of tomorrow, engineers have gained many of their inspirations from the kingdom of creatures, with machines that mimic the way plants and animals move and sense their environment. In recent study, researchers at Cornell University have found that mycelia, the underground parts of mushrooms, have the ability to sense chemical and biological signals and respond to multiple inputs. By using the natural electrical signals of mycelia, the researchers found a new way to control biohybrid (生物混合) robots, which can react to their surroundings better than traditional man-made robots. With great efforts, two biohybrid robots were built: a soft robot shaped like a spider and a wheeled robot. The robots responded to mycelia’s signals by walking and rolling. They also changed their position in response to light, demonstrating the mycelia’s ability to react to outer influences. However, finding a way to integrate mushrooms and robots requires more than just gardening and technical skills. “You have to have a background in mechanical engineering, electronics, some neurobiology (神经生物学), and even some kind of signal processing. All these fields come together to build this kind of system,” said Shepherd, professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering. “Living systems respond to touch, light, heat and even some unknowns, like signals. This is why we believe that if we want to build future robots, they must be able to work in unexpected environments,” said Mishra, a research associate in the Organic Robotics Lab of Cornell University. “By growing mycelia into the electronics of a robot, we were able to allow the biohybrid machine to sense and respond to the environment. In this case we used light as the input, but in the future it will be chemical. The potential for future robots could be to sense soil chemistry in row crops and decide when to add more fertilizer (肥料),” said Shepherd. 1．What does the underlined word “mimic” mean in paragraph 1? A．Control. B．Judge. C．Change. D．Copy. 2．Why are mycelia used in robot design? A．For their mushroom shape. B．For their perception and response abilities. C．For their chemical potential. D．For their chemical and biological influences. 3．What does Shepherd emphasize about the process in paragraph 3? A．Technical skills. B．Scientific methods. C．Subject integration. D．Innovative application. 4．Which of the following can be the potential application for future biohybrid robots? A．Monitoring soil condition. B．Designing electronic systems. C．Replacing human experience. D．Strengthening unknown signals. Passage 2 （2026·广东汕头市·二模） In the high-mountain grasslands of eastern California, a gray owl (猫头鹰) rests beside a road within Yosemite National Park. He is focused on his prey across the road. As he takes off, flying just inches over the pavement, a car speeds by, narrowly missing him. Many owls are not as fortunate. Since 2003, 23 individuals — over 11% of the present population — have been killed by vehicles. These small, genetically unique owls struggle to survive. Park biologist Heather Mackey says they’re a signature species of Yosemite. Therefore, Yosemite partnered with the Institute for Bird Populations to conduct a study on owl activities from 2022 to 2024. The first step was the hardest: capturing the owls to attach trackers. The team finally fitted six owls with specially designed lightweight GPS backpacks. By downloading GPS signals monthly, Dustin Garrison, National Park Service biologist as well as the primary field technician on the study, and his colleagues gained precise data on the owls’ habitat use and hunting patterns. Owls depend on Yosemite’s wet, open grasslands surrounded by old-growth forest and rich in the birds’ favored prey. But these habitats are increasingly at risk. More alarmingly, owls seemed to favor dangerous roadsides for hunting. “The study revealed a high concentration of owl territories along roadsides,” notes biologist Ramiro Aragon. “It might be that roads cut through areas owls use. So it’s hard to say if they’re attracted to roads or actually just caught in between.” Data also shows owl activity overlaps (重叠) with traffic peaks. They were most active after sunset and between 4 and 6 a.m., while public entry without reservation is allowed before 6 a.m. “We can use the data to regulate the timing so we’re not creating an artificial push of traffic right around peak hours of owl activity,” Mackey says. Researchers also propose other protective measures, including reducing speed limits along key roads, and modifying roadside vegetation to make it less attractive. “There are two ways to approach changes,” Garrison notes. “You either modify human behavior, or you modify wildlife behavior.” 1．Why does the author describe the scene in Paragraph 1? A．To show how fortunate the owl is. B．To predict the outcome of the owl. C．To present how natural the park is. D．To illustrate the problem the owls face. 2．What was the most challenging part of the study? A．Putting trackers on owls. B．Observing owls at night. C．Making lighter backpacks. D．Analyzing the GPS data. 3．What is Ramiro’s attitude to owls’ preference for roadside hunting? A．Concerned. B．Subjective. C．Supportive. D．Critical. 4．What suggestion is proposed to solve the overlap between owl activity and traffic peaks? A．Limit road speed. B．Set public entry limitation. C．Change roadside plants. D．Adjust reservation schedule. Passage 3 （2026·广东茂名市·二模） For people with severe paralysis (瘫痪), communication can be extremely difficult. Some may still move their eyes, but many cannot speak or use their hands. To address this problem, scientists have been developing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). In a recent advance, researchers tested a new BCI system that allowed users with paralysis to type more quickly, offering new hope for more natural communication. Earlier BCIs made communication possible, but not efficient. In many cases, users had to move a cursor (光标) across a screen and choose letters one by one. This method worked, yet it was often too slow for normal conversation. Researchers therefore wanted a system that could operate more like everyday typing. In a recent study, a research team tested a new BCI keyboard that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to recognize a user’s intended finger or hand movements. The system linked patterns of brain activity to letters on a standard keyboard. Two people with paralysis took part in the study by attempting to move their fingers, even though no actual movement occurred. One of them reached a typing speed of 22 words per minute, close to the speed of ordinary smartphone texting. The advance matters because communication is not only about producing words, but also about joining a conversation at the right time. A person who types too slowly may struggle to take part naturally in social interaction. Some users can rely on eye-tracking systems, but these are often slower and may not work well for everyone. A faster BCI, therefore, could make communication feel more direct and more natural. Still, the technology is not ready for wide use. The study included only two participants, so further testing is needed. In addition, the device requires surgery to place chips (芯片) in the brain, which brings risks. It also needs to be adjusted before each use. Even so, researchers believe the results show that brain-based typing is moving beyond the laboratory and getting closer to practical communication in everyday life. 1．What was a disadvantage of earlier BCIs? A．They responded too slowly. B．They relied on spoken language. C．They were expensive to produce. D．They required users to move hands. 2．What can be inferred about the new BCI system from paragraph 3? A．It beats smartphone texting in speed. B．It depends on users’ basic hand control. C．It helps patients recover muscle functions. D．It translates mental intentions into text. 3．Why is faster typing considered important? A．It reduces the need for surgery. B．It restores actual finger movements. C．It allows more natural communication. D．It improves the quality of smartphones. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．BCI Systems: From Lab Experiments to Practical Risks B．Brain-based Typing: A Step Towards Natural Communication C．Brain-based Typing: The Future of Smartphone Texting D．BCI Systems: A Promising Breakthrough in Paralysis Recovery Passage 4 （2025·广东省·二模） Each month in the modern Gregorian calendar consists of at least 28 days. That number would be a nicely rounded 30 were it not for February. While every month besides the second in the calendar contains at least 30 days, but February falls short with 28 (and 29 on a leap year). So why is the most widely used calendar in the world so discrepant in the lengths of its months? And why is February stuck with the fewest number of days? Blame it on Roman superstition (迷信). The Gregorian calendar’s oldest ancestor, the first Roman calendar, had a big difference in structure from its later forms: it consisted of 10 months rather than 12. In order to fully sync (同步) the calendar with the lunar year, the Roman king Numa Pompilius added January and February to the original 10 months. The previous calendar had had 6 months of 30 days and 4 months of 31 days, for a total of 304 days. However, Numa wanted to avoid having even numbers in his calendar, as Roman superstition at the time held that even numbers were unlucky. He subtracted (减去) a day from each of the 30-day months to make them 29. The lunar year consists of 355 days (354.367 to be exact, but calling it 354 would have made the whole year unlucky!), which meant that he now had 56 days left to work with. In the end, at least 1 month out of the 12 needed to contain an even number of days. This is because of simple mathematical fact: the sum of any even amount (12 months) of odd numbers will always equal an even number — and he wanted the total to be odd. So Numa chose February, a month that would be host to Roman celebration honouring the dead, as the unlucky month to consist of 28 days. Despite changes in the calendar as it was changed after Numa’s additions — changes that include the shortening of February at certain intervals, the addition of a leap month, and eventually the modern leap day — February’s 28-day length has stuck. 1．What does the underlined word “discrepant” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Varying. B．Limited. C．Fixed. D．Balanced. 2．Why did Numa decide to shorten February? A．To make the calendar align with the lunar year. B．To avoid having even numbers in his calendar. C．To ensure every month had at least 30 days. D．To make the total number of days in a year odd. 3．What can be inferred about the Roman calendar before Numa’s changes? A．It had a consistent number of days in each month. B．It was based on the lunar cycle. C．It had a total of 355 days in a year. D．It was more accurate than the Gregorian calendar. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce the Roman King Numa Pompilius. B．To stress the importance of the modern Gregorian calendar. C．To discuss the disadvantage of the present calendar. D．To explain why there are just 28 days in February usually. Passage 5 （2025·广东湛江市·二模） In India, tigers haven’t just survived — they’ve made a comeback. Despite a growing population and increasing pressure on their habitats, the number of wild tigers is rising. The reason? A combination of ecological restoration, economic initiatives, and political stability. And just as important: a deeply rooted reverence for tigers that has fostered a culture where humans and large predators (捕食性动物) can coexist. India’s tiger conservation strategy combines two approaches: some areas are strictly protected reserves, while others are multi-use landscapes where tigers and people share space. And this isn’t just for the benefit of the tigers. “The advantage of combining these two methods is that reserves act as a source of tigers for surrounding areas. And if coexistence no longer works, the reserves provide a fallback (应变的) option — ensuring that tigers are not at risk of extinction,” explains Ninad Mungi, assistant professor at Aarhus University and co-author of the study. According to researchers, human population density alone is not what determines whether tigers can thrive — it’s people’s lifestyles, economic conditions, and cultural attitudes that shape their willingness to share space with large predators. In relatively prosperous regions where ecotourism and government compensation schemes (补偿计划) generate income, tolerance for tigers is much higher. In fact, for some Indian farmers, losing cattle to a tiger does not essentially spell disaster. Farmers who keep their livestock in barns and enclosures are rarely affected by tigers. However, when cattle are released to graze in tiger-inhabited areas, and if a tiger eats it, the farmer receives financial compensation from the government — turning a loss into a gain. India’s model could provide valuable insights far beyond its borders. In Europe, many countries are struggling with wolves attacking livestock, and India’s experience may inspire new approaches that protect both wildlife and farmers’ livelihoods. “There are, of course, cultural challenges, but culture can change over time. India’s experience proves that large predators can survive in a modern world — if we are willing to think creatively and find a balance between protection and coexistence,” says Ninad. 1．Which of the following can explain the increase in wild tigers in India? A．Reduced human disturbance. B．New tiger breeding programs. C．Many factors working together. D．Enhanced ecological conditions. 2．What is the benefit of combining two approaches to tiger conservation? A．It promotes local ecotourism. B．It ensures the survival of tigers. C．It offers more land for farmers. D．It increases the number of tigers in zoos. 3．How might a farmer feel at his cattle being eaten by a tiger? A．Unworried. B．Depressed. C．Terrified. D．Unfortunate. 4．What does Ninad think of India’s ways of tiger conservation? A．They are ineffective. B．They are traditional. C．They are contradictory. D．They are innovative. 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2025·广东茂名市·二模） If you’re used to letting your dog lick your face — and maybe even your mouth — you’re not alone. Now, scientists warn that dog saliva (唾液) could actually be dangerous. A new study found that household dogs are often overlooked sources of salmonella (沙门氏菌). Researchers at Penn State University (PSU) found that dogs can carry antibiotic-resistant (耐抗生素的) salmonella, which poses a serious risk to humans. In both dogs and humans, salmonella infections can cause fever and stomach trouble. In some cases, the infection can spread beyond the intestines (肠) and cause more serious issues, according to the Mayo Clinic. Dogs can get salmonella by eating raw food or consuming waste from infected animals. It can then be passed on to humans through contact with the dog’s waste, warns the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. The issue is that dogs can carry salmonella without showing any signs of illness, making it easy to spread without warning. The PSU team studied salmonella in dogs from May 2017 to March 2023, as well as human cases. They found 87 cases in dogs and concluded that 77 human cases may have come from dogs. The salmonella in dogs also had genes for drug resistance, which is concerning for treatment. The study also found that 39% of samples from dogs had a gene that helps salmonella survive in their intestines. This means that even after the dog recovers, it can still spread salmonella through its waste. Though salmonella isn’t common in dogs, the study’s authors stress that human contact with dogs makes the issue important. “We don’t let cows sleep in our beds or lick our faces, but we do with dogs,” said lead author Sophia Kenney. Co-author Nkuchia Mikanatha emphasized the importance of cleanliness. Simple practices like hand washing, cleaning pet bowls, and not letting your dog lick your face can prevent the spread of salmonella. The goal of the research is not to discourage pet ownership but to raise awareness of risks and encourage better cleanliness to keep both pets and owners safe. 1．What did the new study find about dogs? A．They like licking owners. B．Their licks endanger owners. C．They contract salmonella. D．Their licks create salmonella. 2．Why is treating salmonella in dogs challenging? A．Dogs do not cooperate during treatment. B．Dogs can spread salmonella until recovery. C．Salmonella in dogs carries anti-drug genes. D．Salmonella in dogs spreads quickly and secretly. 3．Why does the author mention cows in paragraph 6? A．To discuss causes of drug resistance. B．To compare animal feeding practices. C．To highlight closer human-dog contact. D．To explain animal behavior differences. 4．What does the research finally recommend? A．Keeping better cleaning routines. B．Restricting dog ownership. C．Stopping offering raw food to pets. D．Having less contact with dogs. Passage 2 （2026·广东佛山市·二模） Imagine scrolling (滚屏)through social media late at night and suddenly seeing photos of your friends having fun without you. You may begin to wonder why you were not invited or what you did wrong. Soon, feelings of sadness or disappointment appear. This experience is commonly known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out. It is the anxiety and unease about how others might be having more rewarding experiences than you are. FOMO can be a passing thought that enters your mind after seeing something you wish you were a part of — a video of a concert, for example, or a picture of a graduation party. Or it can appear as an urge to check your phone for messages and updates. You might sit alone, feeling envious about how much fun others are having as you scroll through your feed, only to later realize how much time has passed you by. This fear can affect your behavior by creating a cycle of unhealthy habits that worsen your emotional well-being. Maybe you end up agreeing to every invitation that comes your way out of fear that you’ll miss out on some magical moments, thus overcommitting yourself to events and feeling exhausted. If you’re constantly checking your phone, you’ll have a harder time focusing on tasks in front of you and may end up making more mistakes. Also, being glued to your phone late at night can make it harder to fall asleep and harm your physical and mental well-being. If it feels like FOMO and social media have taken over your life, know that there are ways to regain control. It starts with developing a better understanding of yourself, including your feelings, motives, and values. Then, you can cut down on worry by developing mindfulness, managing anxiety, and limiting your social media usage. Besides, building self-respect and establishing genuine relationships will allow you to better appreciate your own experiences. While you experience FOMO, the things you’re “missing out on” might be right in front of you. You can pull yourself back to the present moment, appreciate what’s happening in your life, and build a better sense of well-being. 1．Why does the text begin with a situation related to social media? A．To present a typical social activity. B．To criticize a common online habit. C．To explain the impact of social media. D．To introduce a psychological concept. 2．What can be inferred about FOMO according to paragraph 2? A．It lasts only for a short time. B．It shows up in different ways. C．It decreases work efficiency. D．It weakens one’s ties with friends. 3．Which can be a behavioral impact of FOMO according to the text? A．Calling friends for help late at night. B．Giving a like to a friend’s social post. C．Attending all available social activities. D．Handling multiple tasks at the same time. 4．What does the author think of FOMO? A．Harmful but manageable. B．Common but overlooked. C．Interrupting but educational. D．Underestimated but avoidable. Passage 3 （2025·广东佛山市·二模） How individuals describe their experiences plays a crucial role in shaping emotions and decision-making. However, little research has examined whether language can impact how people experience time alone. To find it out, researchers studied how different terms used to describe time alone affect individuals’ understanding of it and their emotions and behaviors. In the first study, 500 adults were randomly assigned to evaluate one of five labels describing time alone: me-time, time alone, solitude (孤单), being alone, or isolation (孤独). They rated their assigned term on several dimensions, including how positive or negative it felt, its perceived impact on well-being, and whether they actively sought or avoided that type of experience. This study revealed that “me-time” was consistently rated as the most positive, with participants considering it as beneficial to well-being and something they actively sought out. In contrast, “isolation” was viewed as the least desirable. The other three labels fell somewhere in between. In the second study, 176 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to a 30-minute solitude period described as either me-time or isolation. Before the session, they completed a survey measuring baseline beliefs about being alone. During the session, they avoided all social interactions, but could engage in non-social activities like reading or writing. Afterward, they rated their emotions, described their thoughts and behaviors, and reassessed their beliefs about being alone. Those who spent 30 minutes alone after being told they were having “me-time” reported an increase in positive effect, while those who were told they were in “isolation” experienced a decline in positive emotions. Additionally, participants in the “me-time” condition reported more positive beliefs about being alone after the session compared to their baseline beliefs, while those in the “isolation” condition showed no significant change. Interestingly, choice of terms did not significantly influence the activities participants engaged in. But it did appear to shape thought content, with those in the “isolation” condition being more likely to think about schoolwork, while those in the “me-time” condition were more likely to reflect on personal growth. The studies, however, involved individuals that consisted primarily of adults and undergraduate students, limiting the generalizability of the findings across diverse populations. 1．One of the research purposes is to explore ________. A．the benefits of positive emotions B．people’s preferences for time alone C．how people make decisions while alone D．how language shapes people’s perceptions 2．What can be concluded from the first study? A．People treasure their time of being alone. B．Label selection reflects people’s personality. C．People prefer being alone to social interaction. D．Terms for time alone affect emotional responses. 3．Why were the baseline beliefs about being alone rated? A．To predict future outcomes. B．To ensure accurate understanding. C．To track potential opinion shifts. D．To group the participants accordingly. 4．What is the limitation of the research? A．Contradictory results. B．Restricted participant range. C．Controlled research duration. D．Unreliable research methods. Passage 4 （2025·广东广州市·二模） Getting into arguments, whether with family or strangers online, can feel like debating with a wall. We are probably all guilty of thinking we’re right, even if we don’t have all the facts. This phenomenon called the “illusion of information adequacy” is detailed in a recent psychology study. “Interpersonal conflict is on the rise, driving increases in anger, anxiety and stress,” said Angus Fletcher, a neurophysiologist at the Ohio State University. “We wanted to look into those misunderstandings and see if they could be reduced.” Fletcher’s team surveyed 1,261 Americans online.Participants were divided into groups and given articles about a fictional factory. One group read only reasons for the factory to merge (合并) with another factory, another only reasons for staying separate, and a Control group read all the arguments.   They found that the majority of the groups who only read the pro- or anti-merging arguments believed they had enough information to make a good decision, and would follow the article’s recommendation, while about 55 and 45 percent of the control group recommended the factories merge or separate. The participants with the one-sided information also assumed that others would make the same decision they did. The team calls this belief the illusion of information adequacy, as Fletcher describes it, “The less our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs.” These findings add to research on naive realism, the belief that one’s subjective understanding is objective truth. While naive realism studies focus on different understandings of the same situation, Fletcher’s research shows people may share the same understanding, if given sufficient information.When the participants from the one-sided groups were asked to read all the arguments, some would change their minds. The mix of opinions was comparable to the control group - about 55 to 45 percent. “One of the best ways to fight the illusion of information adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to stop and ask, “Is there something I’m missing that would help me see their points better?’ This can help avoid unnecessary interpersonal conflict, allowing us to focus on working through key differences between ourselves and others,” said Fletcher. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The academic background of Angus Fletcher. B．The cause and effect of interpersonal conflicts. C．The importance of reducing misunderstandings. D．The significance and purpose of Fletcher’s study. 2．What were all three groups asked to do during the study? A．Defend their own views. B．Discuss before making decisions. C．Read the assigned arguments. D．Recommend the best article. 3．What does Fletcher’s research find? A．People with the same information make similar decisions. B．People from the control group are better decision-makers. C．People less informed are more likely to change their minds. D．People with partial information overestimate their judgments. 4．What does Fletcher suggest people do when disagreeing with others? A．Work through key differences together. B．Check for extra facts to understand others. C．Stop arguing to avoid interpersonal conflict. D．Get more evidence to support their own point. 主题 03 人与社会 —— 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2025·广东佛山市·二模） If you are an enthusiastic reader, you may not have enough room to store all the books you read. And the cost of buying books keeps rising. Now there is a perfect solution in the UK: Bookloop. It is an online buy-back project in partnership with existing booksellers, where readers can trade books they have already read for credit or more pre-owned books. Readers can scan (扫描) and upload their books to an online valuation system, and then drop them off at a collection point or have them picked up from their own home, in exchange for credit to be used on other books. Readers must sell at least £5 worth of books to take part. Eric Gagnaire, co-founder of Bookloop, said, “By giving books a second life, we are not only reducing waste but also building a community of readers who value sustainability and support bookshops.” Bookbag, a bookseller that has joined the program, describes it as “a social space” that gathers a global range of fiction and non-fiction writing. “We’re glad to see this program, which feels well-thought-through and a great way of repurposing books and helping sustain bookshops and new book purchase,” they said. Authors will also benefit from the program, as royalties from these secondhand book sales will be redistributed through a shared author fund. Reception to the launch of Bookloop hasn’t been universally positive, however. Some secondhand booksellers like Patrick Kelly, owner of Bookmongers in Brixton, raise concerns about how many books will actually be sold on to readers. Kelly argued that most secondhand books should be recycled. “They are either no longer relevant, overly produced, or are left in bad condition,” he said. In response, Bookloop stated that only 2% of collected books end up not being resold-most of the unsold books are donated to local charities, with less than 0.5% recycled. “Getting pre-owned books to new readers while benefiting both bookshops and authors feels extremely positive,” said Gagnaire. “It’s a really sustainable way of getting books into the hands of more people, without cost being a barrier.” 1．What is a requirement for readers to participate in Bookloop? A．Trading their credit for new books. B．Selling used books worth £5 or more. C．Dropping off their books at a local library. D．Uploading personal information to the system. 2．What does Bookbag think of Bookloop? A．It is a win-win initiative. B．It boosts interest in reading. C．It is a well-planned book fair. D．It encourages authors to write. 3．Why is Patrick Kelly mentioned? A．To clarify a misunderstanding. B．To suggest a brand-new resolution. C．To present a contrasting viewpoint. D．To highlight an unusual phenomenon. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Rise of Secondhand Book Trading B．Reducing Waste, Building a Reputation C．Bookloop: A Second Life for Used Books D．Innovating Reading: The Bookloop Initiative Passage 2 （2026·广东清远市·二模） Indoor gardening offers all the same benefits as a garden in the ground outside. Namely, fresh food and a low environmental impact. But not everyone has the natural space for a garden, which is where indoor planting comes in for the win. While there are many systems and techniques you can apply inside the home, PICO stands out as a flexible option that you can place anywhere and still achieve growing success. Most indoor plants need to be located near a window for light. Often this means taking up limited tabletop or bookcase space. PICO is different because, while setting it on a tabletop is an option, it can also be fixed to many other surfaces, such as a refrigerator or desk, wall, windows, mirrors, etc. There are also three color options to match nearly any decoration. The unit comes fully put together. All you have to do is add a bit of soil and a few of your favorite seeds. Watering is stable and consistent with a water tank and easy-fill opening. A transparent (透明的) window in the front allows you to easily see when more water is needed, typically about once each week. From there, the system automatically draws water from the tank through the soil, using an on-demand system that refills water as the soil dries out. With location and watering figured out, the last major component for successful indoor growth is proper lighting. PICO is equipped with a multi-spectrum (多光谱) growing light that conveniently extends from the planter design. As your plant grows, the light extends up to one foot higher for consistent light. While PICO is not intended to provide large quantities of food, its automatic functions and flexible placement make it an option for growing readily available vegetables and visually pleasing mini flowers. PICO is currently trending on a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign that will close on May 17th. To support this innovative indoor gardening solution, interested customers can back the project now. Shipments are expected to begin immediately after the campaign concludes. 1．What distinguishes PICO from other indoor gardening systems? A．It allows for soilless growing. B．It offers large-quantity production. C．It permits various positioning options. D．It guarantees a low environmental impact. 2．What information is provided by PICO’s front window? A．Seed condition. B．Water-filling time. C．Plant-growth rate. D．Soil nutrient amount. 3．What is special about PICO’s lighting system? A．It can change colors. B．It depends on the sun. C．It can be adjusted in height. D．It is removable from the planter. 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To show how to use PICO. B．To present PICO’s special features. C．To attract buyers for a new product. D．To explain indoor gardening’s popularity. Passage 3 （2025·广东佛山市·二模） Wildfires are getting worse across the world. Twenty-one years of satellite data shows severe fires have more than doubled in frequency since 2003 and the six most extreme years since records began have come since 2017, causing more deaths and destruction. One European Union (EU) pilot program, the Life Landscape Fire Project (LLFP), is now using hungry mountain goats to prevent wildfires before they start. It involves a combination of controlled fires and hungry goats grazing (吃草) to reduce plant cover that can dry up in summer and fuel the rapid spread of fires. Controlled fires help burn older plants that goats don’t eat, allowing fresh green vegetation to grow which grazers like goats and cows do eat. The experimental project pays shepherds (牧羊人) to guide their goats to areas where they want the plant cover reduced, and they also build shelters and watering areas to attract free grazers to the desired spots. That’s how mountain goats and cows become mobile fire prevention units. LLFP director Andre Mota oversees this EU-funded project. “We are in one of the most affected regions by wildfires, historically speaking,” said Mota. “Last September we had a wildfire with extreme behavior that burned almost everything in its path. But our parcels managed to keep green.” A video from Mota showed that one half of the mountain was black and burned and the other green, the parts which controlled fires and hungry goats had made unlikely to burn. “We believe this proves that, when scaled up from a pilot project to a full solution, it works,” he added. The sound of goat bells rings out as the goats move peacefully on their way, offering hope in a region directly in the path of climate chaos. 1．What do we know about the LLFP? A．It protects mountain goats. B．It employs integrated methods. C．It has been conducted across Europe. D．It wins shepherds’ unconditional support. 2．What does the underlined words “the desired spots” refer to? A．Free grazers’ favorite destinations. B．Places far from shepherds’ activities. C．Spots with abundant water resources. D．Areas in need of vegetation reduction. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The influence of wildfires. B．The effectiveness of the LLFP. C．The challenges faced by the LLFP. D．The importance of preventing fires. 4．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph? A．Goats stand as a symbol of peace. B．Goats ring the alarm for quick action. C．Goats provide hope for wildfire prevention. D．Goats offer an ideal solution to climate change. Passage 4 （2025·广东湛江市·二模） Construction materials such as concrete and plastic have the potential to lock away billions of tons of carbon dioxide, according to a new study by civil engineers and earth systems scientists at the University of California, Davis (UC Davis) and Stanford University. The study shows that combined with steps to decarbonize (脱去……的碳) the economy, storing CO₂ in buildings could help the world achieve goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The goal of carbon sequestration is to take carbon dioxide, either from where it is being produced or from the atmosphere, change it into a stable form and store it away from the atmosphere where it cannot contribute to climate change. Proposed schemes have involved, for example, injecting carbon underground or storing it in the deep ocean. These approaches pose both practical challenges and environmental risks. What if, instead, we can leverage materials that we already produce in large quantities to store carbon?" said Van Roijen, who led the study as a graduate student at UC Davis. Researchers found that while bio-based plastics could take up the largest amount of carbon by weight, by far the largest potential for carbon storage is in using carbonated aggregates (碳化骨料) to make concrete. That’s because concrete is by far the world’s most popular building material: Over 20 billion tons are produced every year. “If feasible, a little bit of storage in concrete could go a long way,” said Sabbie Miller, associate professor at UC Davis. The team calculated that if 10% of the world’s concrete aggregate production was carbonatable, it could absorb a gigaton (十亿吨) of CO₂. “The feedstocks for these new processes for making building materials are mostly low-value waste materials such as biomass,” Van Roijen said. “Performing these new processes would enhance their value, boosting economic development and promoting a circular economy.” “Some technology development is needed, particularly in cases where material performance and net-storage potential of individual manufacturing methods must be confirmed. However, many of these technologies are just waiting to be adopted,” Sabbie Miller said. 1．What does the underlined word “sequestration” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Separation. B．Collection. C．Reduction. D．Production. 2．What makes concrete a better option for carbon storage? A．Its low price. B．Its heavy weight. C．Its common use. D．Its special function. 3．What benefit does using new building material processes bring? A．Lower material costs. B．Increasing the value of waste. C．Higher concrete production. D．No need for technology development. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Concrete and Plastic: the Emerging Stars of Carbon Storage. B．Innovations in Building Materials: Towards Net Zero Carbon. C．Decarbonisation Technologies: Challenges and Opportunities. D．New Building Materials: the Potential and Prospects of Carbon Storage. Passage 5 （2026·广东湛江市·二模） High school students are on the point of entering a very different job market from previous generations. Tech and economic experts mostly agree that AI will change many jobs and may make some disappear completely. And basic jobs are likely to be influenced early in this change. Although employment is still rather high among all groups, it has dropped a little for 20-to 24-year-olds recently. Dario Amodei, CEO of a tech company, believes that AI could take away as many as half of all simple white-collar (白领的) jobs within the next few years, though other people in the tech industry expect smaller changes. Finding a job in computer science — a field that until recently was seen as a great way to get a well-paid and steady job — has already become much more competitive, as AI does more of that work, thus narrowing down the job chances. Meanwhile, high schools are trying their best to decide how to teach students about AI and whether students should be allowed to use it in their studies. Many students are using it whether they are allowed to or not. A 2024 Pew Research Center study shows that half of US teens said they had used ChatGPT to do their homework. All this is changing how some young people plan for college and their jobs. Some are choosing to work in practical fields like healthcare that seem more reliable, while others are learning how to use AI in their future jobs. If you ask people working in tech, they will probably tell you that learning to use AI is the best way for high school students to prepare for a successful and long-term job. “AI may not take your job, but someone who has AI skills will take it instead,” said Colette Stallbaumer, general manager of Microsoft 365 Copilot. With this opinion, she asks students to think carefully: “Are you using AI to try new ideas? To make an app? Are you even using it as a study tool?” 1．What are high school students facing? A．A sudden economic depression. B．A distinct employment situation. C．A new job market full of chances. D．A dramatic change in labor work. 2．Why are jobs in computer science more competitive? A．They decrease in number. B．They demand higher skills. C．They attract fewer learners. D．They become less well-paid. 3．What can be inferred about US teens? A．They tend to choose AI in practical domains. B．They are allowed to adopt AI in their exams. C．Their plans for their future are free of AI use. D．Their reliance on AI can shape their options. 4．What is Colette Stallbaumer’s attitude to students’ AI use? A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Supportive. D．Disapproving. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1：1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B Passage 2：1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1：1．A 2．C 3．C Passage 2：1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D Passage 3：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D Passage 4：1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 主题03 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1：1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B Passage 2：1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D Passage 3：1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C Passage 4：1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 2：1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D Passage 3：1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B Passage 4：1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D Passage 5：1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1：1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A Passage 2：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A Passage 3：1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 主题03 人与社会——社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1：1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C Passage 2：1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B Passage 3：1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C Passage 4：1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D Passage 5：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 阅读理解（说明文） 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2026·广东惠州市·二模） Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed batteries that use a product found in crustacean (甲壳纲动物) shells to store energy. The new batteries are more eco-friendly, energy efficient and affordable compared to traditional ones. The scientists are now pushing to have the product adopted in the commercial production of batteries. They say that using this product is necessary owing to the increased move towards electric cars and green energy at large. The world is rapidly changing towards green energy and batteries are at the center of this move, so it is necessary to make batteries eco-friendly. “We think both biodegradability (生物降解性) of material and the performance of the batteries are important for a product, which has the potential to be commercialized,” said Liangbing Hu, the lead author of the study. According to the study published in Matter, traditional batteries could be quite harmful to the environment. For instance, products such as lithium (锂)used in batteries can stay in the environment for hundreds or thousands of years. Crustaceans such as shrimp, lobsters and crabs have hard skeletons whose cells contain a substance making the shells hard and resistant. Interestingly, this substance is available widely in nature and is often thrown away as waste in food industries. Scientists believe that the product could be used to improve the performance of batteries.       The researchers were able to come up with a cheaper and more renewable battery which is 99.7% energy efficient even after 1000 battery cycles. That is about 400 hours. Further, they found that the batteries can break down in soil in five months. The leftover zinc, a common metal, can be recovered for continuous recycling. “The design of new batteries that are respectful of the environment, cheap and producing high discharge capacity, is one of the more important items that must be developed in the coming years,” said Antonio Romero, professor of material sciences at the University of Cartagena in Spain. 1．Why are researchers developing the new batteries? A．To employ a product as storage. B．To replace the traditional batteries. C．To address needs of clean energy. D．To use waste from food industries. 2．What is an advantage of employing the substance from crustaceans? A．It costs less than lithium. B．It reduces food waste. C．It makes batteries harder. D．It is naturally plentiful. 3．How does the author describe the new batteries in paragraph 5? A．By quoting experts. B．By providing statistics. C．By giving examples. D．By making comparisons. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Lithium Batteries:A Threat to Environment B．Crustacean Shells Powering Future Batteries C．Food Waste:A New Source of Green Energy D．Zinc Recovery Supporting Battery Development 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍马里兰大学研究人员利用甲壳纲动物外壳中的物质研发新型电池，及其在环保、能效等方面的优势和应用前景。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They say that using this product is necessary owing to the increased move towards electric cars and green energy at large.(他们表示，由于电动汽车和绿色能源的整体发展趋势日益明显，使用这种产品是必要的)”以及第二段中的“The world is rapidly changing towards green energy and batteries are at the center of this move, so it is necessary to make batteries eco-friendly.(世界正迅速向绿色能源转型，电池是这一转型的核心，因此有必要制造环保电池)”可知，研究人员研发新型电池是为了满足清洁能源发展的需求。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Interestingly, this substance is available widely in nature and is often thrown away as waste in food industries.(有趣的是，这种物质在自然界中广泛存在，在食品工业中常作为废弃物被丢弃)”可知，使用来自甲壳纲动物的这种物质的一个优势是它在自然界中储量丰富。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“The researchers were able to come up with a cheaper and more renewable battery which is 99.7% energy efficient even after 1000 battery cycles. That is about 400 hours. Further, they found that the batteries can break down in soil in five months.(研究人员研发出了一种更便宜、更可再生的电池，即使经过1000次充放电循环，能效仍达99.7%，约合400小时。此外，他们发现这种电池能在土壤中五个月内降解)”可知，作者通过列举数据来描述新型电池。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Researchers at the University of Maryland have developed batteries that use a product found in crustacean (甲壳纲动物) shells to store energy. The new batteries are more eco-friendly, energy efficient and affordable compared to traditional ones. The scientists are now pushing to have the product adopted in the commercial production of batteries. They say that using this product is necessary owing to the increased move towards electric cars and green energy at large.(马里兰大学的研究人员研发出了一种新型电池，该电池利用从甲壳纲动物外壳中提取的一种物质来储存能量。与传统电池相比，这种新型电池更环保、能效更高，且价格更亲民。目前，科学家们正推动将这种物质应用于电池的商业化生产中。他们表示，鉴于电动汽车和绿色能源的发展趋势在全球范围内不断加强，使用这种物质已成为必然之举)”可知，文章核心围绕研究人员利用甲壳纲动物外壳中的物质研发新型环保电池展开，介绍了该物质的特点、新型电池的优势及前景。B项“甲壳纲动物外壳为未来电池提供动力”精准概括主旨，可以用作本文标题。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2026·广东湛江市·二模） We live in a world with finite resources. Even if in the past, we human beings tended to ignore this vital fact in favor of uncontrolled and rapid economic growth, we’re now gradually reaching a point of no return in terms of drying-up of resources and pollution of the environment. Faced with such an urgent situation, we have to actively explore and widely apply environment-friendly means that go from empowering recycling technology, to further the advance of renewable energy use. For all this, M2M technology, with its practical and advanced features, is a perfect enabler. In the recycling department, M2M has created a lot of room for improvement. Different applications are possible — from specialized vehicle management solutions for garbage trucks to intelligent garbage bins that send alerts when they are half or completely full so as to realize timely emptying. Other projects are mainly designed for the final user, like the reVend Light Bulb Recycling Reverse Vending connected machine acting as an intelligent recycling point for lightbulbs (电灯泡). In any case, it’s clear that many recycling initiatives are taking advantage of managed connectivity and fleet (车队) management technologies that have already proven their efficiency. Still, recycling isn’t the only area of action of M2M when it comes to being eco-friendly. In fact, it offers a range of approaches to improve energy usage besides smart energy and sustainability solutions by promoting renewable energy use and the responsible consumption of water. For instance, M2M managed services provider, Wyless, released some interesting “green solutions” jointly developed with other companies back in June 2012. One of the most interesting projects was the solution of solar-powered connected parking meters developed with IPS, a technology that means not so much upkeep but can function in good shape and lower operating costs for local governments. Wyless is also working with Weathermatic to offer intelligent systems that allow remote and automated irrigation control, which will help avoid over-watering, thus reducing water bills and the risk of property damage. 1．What does the underlined word “finite” in paragraph 1 mean? A．Sustainable. B．Polluted. C．Accessible. D．Limited. 2．What is M2M aimed to do? A．Test eco-technology. B．Save recycling labour. C．Boost green solutions. D．Generate new energy. 3．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．The urgency of applying M2M. B．The methods of developing M2M. C．M2M’s restrictions on waste recycling. D．M2M’s practical adoption in recycling. 4．What is an advantage of the solution of solar-powered connected parking meters? A．It needs less maintenance. B．It guarantees safe parking. C．It can be smartly responsive. D．It can be remotely controlled. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地球资源有限，资源枯竭与环境污染问题严峻。M2M 技术被广泛应用于垃圾回收、可再生能源、智能节水等领域，推动环保方案落地。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“Even if in the past, we human beings tended to ignore this vital fact in favor of uncontrolled and rapid economic growth, we’re now gradually reaching a point of no return in terms of drying-up of resources and pollution of the environment.( 即便在过去，我们人类往往忽视了这一至关重要的事实，而一味追求无节制且快速的经济增长，但如今在资源枯竭和环境污染问题上，我们已经逐渐走到了无法回头的境地。)”可知，划线词句后文提到“资源枯竭、环境污染”，且与“无节制的经济增长”形成对比，可推断finite意为 “有限的”。D选项Limited“有限的”符合语境。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Faced with such an urgent situation, we have to actively explore and widely apply environment-friendly means that go from empowering recycling technology, to further the advance of renewable energy use. For all this, M2M technology, with its practical and advanced features, is a perfect enabler.( 面对如此紧迫的局面，我们必须积极探索并广泛应用环保手段，从提升回收技术，到进一步推广可再生能源的使用。对此，M2M 技术因其实用且先进的特性，堪称完美的推动者。)” 以及后文 M2M 在回收、可再生能源、节水等绿色领域的应用，可知，M2M 的目标是推动绿色环保解决方案。故选C项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“In the recycling department, M2M has created a lot of room for improvement. Different applications are possible — from specialized vehicle management solutions for garbage trucks to intelligent garbage bins that send alerts when they are half or completely full so as to realize timely emptying. Other projects are mainly designed for the final user, like the reVend Light Bulb Recycling Reverse Vending connected machine acting as an intelligent recycling point for lightbulbs (电灯泡).( 在回收领域，M2M 为改进提供了大量空间。不同的应用是可能的——从用于垃圾车的专门车辆管理解决方案，到在垃圾箱一半或完全满时会发送警报的智能垃圾桶，以实现及时清空。其他项目主要是为最终用户设计的，比如 reVend 灯泡回收反向自动售货机，它作为一个智能回收点，用于回收灯泡。)”可知，第三段主要讲了M2M 在废物回收中的实际应用。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段中“One of the most interesting projects was the solution of solar-powered connected parking meters developed with IPS, a technology that means not so much upkeep but can function in good shape and lower operating costs for local governments.( 其中最有趣的一个项目是与 IPS 公司合作开发的太阳能供电联网停车计时器解决方案，该技术意味着无需太多维护，但能保持良好的运行状态并降低地方政府的运营成本。)”可知，太阳能供电联网停车计费器的解决方案的优势是维护需求更少。故选A项。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2026·广东省·二模） Greenfield Community Library is where kids and adults alike come to grab their next favorite read, flip through fresh magazines, or pick up a fun movie — all ready to take home and enjoy. It’s a place designed to make borrowing easy and stress-free, with simple rules that let you focus on what matters: diving into great stories. Take home books, magazines, or movie discs whenever you want. Books stay with you for three whole weeks, giving you plenty of time to get through every chapter. You can keep the dictionary for one month. Magazines stick around for a week, perfect for quick reads. And movies? You’ve got five days to watch them as many times as you like. Need a little extra time? No problem — renew books up to twice, and magazines or movies once. Just call or visit the library’s website, and you’re set. Life gets busy, we get it — but late fees here are kept small, so you won’t stress. For each day a book is late, you will be charged 25 cents. Magazines get a fee of 15 cents per day, and movies 50 cents. Oops, lost a book or broke a disc? We’ll help you replace it, with prices that fit the item — newer books cost a bit more, but older ones are easier on the wallet. And if you find that lost book later? We’ll refund (退还) your money, no questions asked. Got sick and can’t return things on time? Just let us know, and we’ll stop those late fees until you’re feeling better. School holidays? Extend your borrows without extra charges — just tell us before the due date. Come visit, borrow, and lose yourself in something great — we can’t wait to see you! 1．Which can a borrower keep the shortest? A．A film. B．A magazine. C．A book. D．A dictionary. 2．How much is the late fee for a book returned two days late? A．15 cents. B．25 cents. C．50 cents. D．75 cents. 3．What do the library’s policies indicate about its values? A．Commitment to strict rules. B．Emphasis on fee collection. C．Concern for borrowers’ welfare. D．Requirement for identification proof. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Greenfield Community Library的一些借阅规定和要求。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Take home books, magazines, or movie discs whenever you want. Books stay with you for three whole weeks, giving you plenty of time to get through every chapter. You can keep the dictionary for one month. Magazines stick around for a week, perfect for quick reads. And movies? You’ve got five days to watch them as many times as you like. Need a little extra time? No problem — renew books up to twice, and magazines or movies once. Just call or visit the library’s website, and you’re set.(随时可以借走家用书籍、杂志或电影光盘。书籍可借阅整整三周，让你有充足时间读完每一章；词典能借一个月；杂志可保留一周，很适合快速阅读；至于电影，你有五天时间，想多看几遍都可以)”可知，书籍可以借阅3周，词典可以借阅1个月，杂志可以借阅1周，电影可以借看5天。由此可知，借阅时间最短的是电影。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“For each day a book is late, you will be charged 25 cents. Magazines get a fee of 15 cents per day, and movies 50 cents.(每逾期一天，你就要支付25美分。杂志每逾期一天需支付15美分，电影则为50美分)”可知，每本逾期一天的书籍收取25美分的滞纳金。如果一本书逾期两天，则滞纳金为25美分/天×2天=50美分。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Got sick and can’t return things on time? Just let us know, and we’ll stop those late fees until you’re feeling better. School holidays? Extend your borrows without extra charges — just tell us before the due date.(生病了无法按时归还物品？请告知我们，我们将暂停收取滞纳金，直到您康复为止。学校放假了？无需额外费用即可延长借阅期限——只需在到期日前告知我们即可)”可推知，C项“对借阅者福祉的关怀”最符合图书馆政策所反映的价值观。故选C。 Passage 2 （2026·广东惠州市·二模） Young students are often considered “digital natives”, with technology in every aspect of their lives. While this can be an advantage in some situations, research has found that the impact is not completely positive. To compare the effectiveness of handwritten and typed classroom notes, Pam Mueller from Princeton and Daniel Oppenheimer from UCLA conducted experiments in a simulated (模拟的) classroom environment, where groups of students — sample sizes ranged from 67 to 151 — watched video lectures and took notes either by hand or on laptops, with the Internet switched off and other programs disabled to avoid distraction. After the lecture, the students first took tests of working memory. Next, they were examined on what they retained from the lectures. The tests consisted of both factual questions and conceptual-application questions, which were designed to assess their understanding of key concepts in the videos. The results showed that while laptop users recorded much more words, the two groups performed equally on factual questions. However, laptop users performed much worse on conceptual-application questions. To further explore the role of note-taking in long-term learning, the researchers tested students a week later to determine if taking more notes on a laptop was helpful when reviewing before the test. Without note review, both groups showed similar performance; but with a 10-minute review, students with handwritten notes performed better on both factual and conceptual questions. The findings of the experiments might imply an advantage for handwritten notes in processing information. However, it is also possible that, because of processing information to a greater depth, reviewing these notes reminded the students of the lecture information more effectively than reviewing laptop notes did. “This isn’t about whether to use technology, but about how to use it intentionally.” Pam Mueller noted, “When the goal is to deeply understand and apply concepts, forcing students to actively engage with information by hand, rather than passively typing it, proves to be a more effective approach.” 1．What do Pam and Daniel’s experiments focus on? A．The value of two note-taking methods. B．The long-term benefits of handwriting. C．The effectiveness of writing lessons. D．The advantages of technology in memory. 2．What does the underlined word “retained” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Recorded. B．Understood. C．Discussed. D．Explained. 3．What do we know about the findings of the experiments? A．Handwritten notes improves deeper learning. B．Taking more notes leads to better performance. C．Laptop notes are superior for memorizing facts. D．More detailed notes help with short-term recall. 4．What does Pam Mueller suggest about classroom technology? A．Replace it with handwriting. B．Avoid it in conceptual learning. C．Use it for deep understanding. D．Apply it based on learning goals. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，尽管笔记本电脑记笔记速度快，但手写笔记能促进对概念的深度理解和长期记忆。专家建议应根据具体的学习目标来选择使用科技或手写。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“To compare the effectiveness of handwritten and typed classroom notes, Pam Mueller from Princeton and Daniel Oppenheimer from UCLA conducted experiments in a simulated (模拟的) classroom environment, where groups of students — sample sizes ranged from 67 to 151 — watched video lectures and took notes either by hand or on laptops, with the Internet switched off and other programs disabled to avoid distraction.(为了比较手写笔记和打字笔记的效果，普林斯顿大学的帕姆·穆勒和加州大学洛杉矶分校的丹尼尔·奥彭海默在模拟的课堂环境中进行了实验。实验中，学生们分成小组（样本规模从67人到151人不等），观看视频讲座并以手写或在笔记本电脑上记录笔记，同时关闭了网络并禁用了其他程序以避免分心)”可知，帕姆和丹尼尔的实验主要关注两种笔记方法的价值。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“The tests consisted of both factual questions and conceptual-application questions, which were designed to assess their understanding of key concepts in the videos. The results showed that while laptop users recorded much more words, the two groups performed equally on factual questions. However, laptop users performed much worse on conceptual-application questions.(讲座结束后，学生们首先进行了工作记忆能力的测试。接着，他们接受了关于讲座内容的回顾测试。测试内容包括事实性问题和概念应用性问题，旨在评估他们对视频中关键概念的理解程度。测试结果表明，虽然笔记本电脑使用者记录的词汇量更多，但两组在事实性问题上的表现相当。然而，笔记本电脑使用者在概念应用性问题上的表现要差得多)”可知，讲座结束后，学生们接受测试。Retained在这里指学生从讲座中“记住”或“保留”了什么信息。在测试语境下，对应学生对知识的“理解”和掌握。故划线词意思是“明白，理解”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Without note review, both groups showed similar performance; but with a 10-minute review, students with handwritten notes performed better on both factual and conceptual questions. The findings of the experiments might imply an advantage for handwritten notes in processing information. However, it is also possible that, because of processing information to a greater depth, reviewing these notes reminded the students of the lecture information more effectively than reviewing laptop notes did.(如果没有笔记复习，两组学生的表现相似；但进行10分钟的复习后，有手写笔记的学生在事实性和概念性问题上的表现都更好。实验结果可能表明，手写笔记在信息处理方面具有优势。然而，也有可能是因为对信息进行了更深入的处理，所以复习这些手写笔记比复习笔记本上的笔记更能有效地让学生回忆起讲座中的信息)”可知，手写笔记有助于实现更深入的学习。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““This isn’t about whether to use technology, but about how to use it intentionally.” Pam Mueller noted, “When the goal is to deeply understand and apply concepts, forcing students to actively engage with information by hand, rather than passively typing it, proves to be a more effective approach.”(帕姆·穆勒指出：“这并非是关于是否要使用技术的问题，而是关于如何有目的地使用技术。当目标是深入理解并运用概念时，迫使学生亲手主动处理信息，而非被动地输入信息，会证明是一种更有效的方法。”)”可知，帕姆·穆勒建议根据学习目标来应用课堂技术。故选D。 Passage 3 （2025·广东茂名市·二模） A case study is an in-depth study of one person, group, or event. In a case study, nearly every aspect of the subject’s life and history is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behavior. Case studies can be used in many different fields, including psychology, medicine, education, political science, and social work. It’s important to remember that the insights from case studies cannot be used to determine cause-and-effect relationships between variables. However, case studies may be used to develop theories that can then be addressed in experimental research. There have been a number of notable case studies in the history of psychology. Much of Freud’s work and theories were developed through individual case studies. Here is one great example of case studies in psychology. Anna O was a patient of a physician named Josef Breuer. While she was never a patient of Freud’s, Freud and Breuer discussed her case extensively. The woman was experiencing symptoms of a condition that was then known as hysteria, a state of uncontrolled excitement, fear or panic, and found that talking about her problems helped relieve her symptoms. Her case played an important part in the development of talk therapy (疗法) as an approach to mental health treatment. As demonstrated in the case of Anna O, case studies offer valuable insights into understanding human behavior and developing treatment methods. When you are writing a case study, you should include a section where you discuss the case study itself, including the advantages and limitations of the study. You should note how the findings of your case study might support previous research. You should also describe some of the implications of your case study. What ideas or findings might require further exploration? How might researchers go about exploring some of these questions in additional studies? Case studies clarify rare phenomena, inform practical involvement, and bridge clinical observation with experimental research to advance psychological understanding. 1．What is the main purpose of a case study? A．To develop experimental researches. B．To prove theories in different fields. C．To replace psychological theories with data. D．To analyze a subject’s life patterns thoroughly. 2．What can be learned from paragraph 2 about case studies? A．They can establish causal links. B．They support theory formation. C．They generate insufficient statistical data. D．They offer conclusive experimental evidence. 3．What was the significance of Anna O’s case? A．It marked the first case of hysteria. B．It helped Freud develop his theories. C．It aided the development of talk therapies. D．It showed the importance of medical treatment. 4．What should case study writers include? A．Predictions about behavioral patterns. B．Comparison with experimental designs. C．Discussion of clinical observation methods. D．Evaluation of study strengths and weaknesses. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了案例研究的定义、目的、局限性及其在心理学领域中的应用与意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A case study is an in-depth study of one person, group, or event. In a case study, nearly every aspect of the subject’s life and history is analyzed to seek patterns and causes of behavior.(案例研究是对一个人、一个群体或一个事件的深入研究。在案例研究中，几乎会分析研究对象生活和历史的每一个方面，以寻求行为模式和原因)”可推知，案例研究的主要目的是彻底分析研究对象的生活模式。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中“However, case studies may be used to develop theories that can then be addressed in experimental research.(然而，案例研究可以用来发展理论，然后可以在实验研究中解决这些问题)”可推知，案例研究支持理论的形成。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Her case played an important part in the development of talk therapy (疗法) as an approach to mental health treatment.(她的案例在谈话疗法作为心理健康治疗方法的发展中发挥了重要作用)”可知，Anna O的案例的意义在于它促进了谈话疗法的发展。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When you are writing a case study, you should include a section where you discuss the case study itself, including the advantages and limitations of the study.(当你写案例研究时，你应该包括一个部分，讨论案例研究本身，包括研究的优点和局限性)”可知，案例研究的撰写者应该包括对研究优缺点的评价。故选D。 Passage 4 （2026·广东深圳市·二模） It’s Monday morning again. Like many others, you spend your weekend resting, say, scrolling on your phone, but somehow when the workweek arrives, you never feel as refreshed as you hoped. You wonder: Is there a better way to recharge? Now research suggests the answer is “yes” and it lies in leisure crafting. Leisure crafting is not about what you do in your free time, but how you do it. It involves structuring things you already enjoy doing with intentionality so that they help you set individual goals, promote social connections, and build skills. The idea is not to completely shift your approach to free time — or even pick up new pursuits-as much as it is to integrate a few specific goals. Like to run? Try training for a race. Enjoy reading? Aim to read a certain number of books every month. Setting goals in off-hours looks like another example of letting work-brain logic inch its way into personal lives. But done right, it can help you feel a sense of purpose, confidence, and accomplishment, says Alex Hamrick, a management professor at the University of Richmond. Researchers did 11 field studies with more than 2,400 working professionals and found that individuals reported higher energy levels, more positive moods, and stronger overall well-being after engaging in leisure crafting. While leisure crafting requires commitment and goal-setting, it is still simply that: leisure. The goal is not to turn hobbies into a second job. Research has shown that people’s productivity tends to stop increasing at 60 hours a week. Expanding the hours spent maximizing output, even in pursuit of perfecting your cooking techniques or reading detective novels, could make you more tired. Hamrick agrees that if purposeful pursuits start to feel like work, it might be time to stop. Leisure crafting should enhance-not replace-other forms of relaxation. A recent government guide to getting off your phone included the suggestion of setting a recreational goal as a diversion from the screen. Beyond all the grander reasons to leisure craft, that simple one may be among the most relevant. 1．What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph? A．Lack of effective ways to rest. B．Working through the weekend. C．Addiction to playing on phones. D．Feeling worried about the future. 2．Which of the following is the main feature of leisure crafting? A．Shifting your life focus. B．Extending your free time. C．Acting with a purpose. D．Taking up new hobbies. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about concerning leisure crafting? A．Its approaches. B．Its purposes. C．Its benefits. D．Its examples. 4．Why does the author mention the research in paragraph 4? A．To argue against setting unrealistic goals. B．To warn against overdoing leisure crafting. C．To explain why commitment is vital for success. D．To prove how leisure crafting improves efficiency. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了休闲规划这一概念，包括其定义、特点、益处以及实施时的注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Like many others, you spend your weekend resting, say, scrolling on your phone, but somehow when the workweek arrives, you never feel as refreshed as you hoped. You wonder: Is there a better way to recharge? (和许多人一样，你周末休息，比如刷手机，但不知为何，当工作日到来时，你从未感到像自己希望的那样精神焕发。你想知道：有没有更好的恢复精力的方法？)”可知，第一段描述的现象是缺乏有效的休息方式。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Leisure crafting is not about what you do in your free time, but how you do it. It involves structuring things you already enjoy doing with intentionality so that they help you set individual goals, promote social connections, and build skills. (休闲规划不在于你在空闲时间做什么，而在于你如何做。它涉及以有意图的方式构建你已经喜欢做的事情，以便它们帮助你设定个人目标、促进社交联系和培养技能。)”可知，休闲规划的主要特点是有目的地行动。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Researchers did 11 field studies with more than 2,400 working professionals and found that individuals reported higher energy levels, more positive moods, and stronger overall well-being after engaging in leisure crafting. (研究人员对2400多名职场人士进行了11项实地研究，发现参与休闲规划后，个人的能量水平更高、情绪更积极、整体幸福感更强。)”可知，第三段主要讲的是休闲规划的益处。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“While leisure crafting requires commitment and goal-setting, it is still simply that: leisure. The goal is not to turn hobbies into a second job. Research has shown that people’s productivity tends to stop increasing at 60 hours a week. Expanding the hours spent maximizing output, even in pursuit of perfecting your cooking techniques or reading detective novels, could make you more tired. (虽然休闲规划需要投入和设定目标，但它仍然只是休闲。目标不是把爱好变成第二份工作。研究表明，人们的工作效率在一周60小时后往往会停止增长。即使是为了完善烹饪技巧或阅读侦探小说而延长工作时间，也可能会让你更累。)”可知，作者提到第四段的研究是为了警告不要过度进行休闲规划。 主题 03 人与社会 —— 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2026·广东阳江市·二模） Thomas has an engaging view from his Amsterdam flat. His street is lined with imposing 17th-Century canal houses-but what he sees each day is distinctly modern. Day after day, tourists form long queues (队伍) on the bridge, holding up €5.50 box of fries against the backdrop for online posts. Fabel Friet is the place to get fries in Amsterdam. The brand opened its first shop in 2020 and blew up on TikTok in 2023; ever since, its original location has drawn constant lines. A few meters away, a Korean sandwich shop has similar queues. Amsterdam is far from the only city where people are waiting for mouth-watering food. New York’s L’Industrie draws hour-long queues for a slice of pizza. Getting a salt beef bagel (贝果) at London institution Beigel Bake is a test in loyalty and patience, while Fukuoka’s I’m Donut? trend has gone global. Across the world, travelers are now willing to wait an hour or more for trendy takes. But psychologists say that these lines aren’t really about the food at all; they reveal how social media, status and performance are reshaping modern travel. A queue doesn’t just signal popularity; it has a powerful psychological influence. The fear of missing out (FOMO) is the strongest explanation for why people wait for food they’ve only heard about. For positive experiences, when people see other people in line for something, it makes the “thing” people are queuing up for seem more desirable and elicits FOMO. Whether we realize it or not, waiting in line for trending food is all part of a broader performance. People aren’t just eating the viral food — they’re filming themselves doing it, with their subsequent posts indicating that they’re onto something special. Viral dishes spread across social media before the travelers arrive, and millions watch others try them on camera. And because so much of this performance now happens online, the places people visit aren’t discovered through wandering; they’re delivered by algorithms (算 法). That changes not just how travelers behave, but where they go in the first place. 1．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The development of local food shops. B．The historical attractions of Amsterdam. C．The popularity of viral food with tourists. D．The effect of social media on old buildings. 2．Why does the author mention examples of other cities? A．To prove the trend’s global spread. B．To show the variety of local food. C．To present ways of attracting tourists. D．To compare various eating preferences. 3．What does the underlined word“elicits” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Relies on. B．Sticks with. C．Turns to. D．Brings about. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Influences of Tourists on Local Life B．Why Travelers Queue for Viral Food? C．One Psychological Secret in Social Media D．What Makes Local Food Popular Worldwide? 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹等地出现游客为网红美食排长队的现象，并通过心理学家的观点，揭示了这种现象背后的原因——社交媒体、社会地位和自我展示正在重塑现代旅行，排队并非只为美食本身。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Day after day, tourists form long queues (队伍) on the bridge, holding up €5.50 box of fries against the backdrop for online posts. Fabel Friet is the place to get fries in Amsterdam. The brand opened its first shop in 2020 and blew up on TikTok in 2023; ever since, its original location has drawn constant lines. A few meters away, a Korean sandwich shop has similar queues.(日复一日，游客们在桥上排起长队，拿着5.5欧元的薯条盒，以周围景致为背景拍照发到网上。Fabel Friet是阿姆斯特丹买薯条的地方。该品牌于2020年开设了第一家店，2023年在TikTok上走红；从那以后，它的原店就一直排着长队。几米之外，一家韩国三明治店也有类似的队伍。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了网红食物在游客中很受欢迎。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Amsterdam is far from the only city where people are waiting for mouth-watering food. New York’s L’Industrie draws hour-long queues for a slice of pizza. Getting a salt beef bagel (贝果) at London institution Beigel Bake is a test in loyalty and patience, while Fukuoka’s I’m Donut? trend has gone global.(阿姆斯特丹远不是唯一一个人们等待令人垂涎的食物的城市。纽约的L’Industrie为了一片披萨会排上一个小时的队。在伦敦的老字号Beigel Bake买一个咸牛肉贝果是对忠诚和耐心的考验，而福冈的“我是甜甜圈？”潮流已经走向全球。)”可推知，作者提到其他城市的例子是为了证明这种趋势在全球的传播。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“For positive experiences, when people see other people in line for something, it makes the “thing” people are queuing up for seem more desirable and elicits FOMO.(对于积极的体验来说，当人们看到其他人在排队等待某样东西时，会让人们排队等待的“东西”看起来更令人渴望，并elicits错失恐惧症。)”可知，人们看到别人排队，会觉得排队的东西更有吸引力，进而产生错失恐惧症，由此可推断“elicits”意为“引发、带来”。D项“带来、引发”与语境一致。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Day after day, tourists form long queues (队伍) on the bridge, holding up €5.50 box of fries against the backdrop for online posts. Fabel Friet is the place to get fries in Amsterdam. The brand opened its first shop in 2020 and blew up on TikTok in 2023; ever since, its original location has drawn constant lines. A few meters away, a Korean sandwich shop has similar queues.(日复一日，游客们在桥上排起长队，拿着5.5欧元的薯条盒，以桥为背景拍照发到网上。Fabel Friet是阿姆斯特丹买薯条的地方。该品牌于2020年开设了第一家店，2023年在TikTok上走红；从那以后，它的原店就一直排着长队。几米之外，一家韩国三明治店也有类似的队伍。)”以及第三段“Across the world, travelers are now willing to wait an hour or more for trendy takes. But psychologists say that these lines aren’t really about the food at all; they reveal how social media, status and performance are reshaping modern travel.(在世界各地，旅行者现在愿意为一个时髦的选择等待一个小时或更长时间。但心理学家表示，这些排队现象其实与食物无关；它们揭示了社交媒体、身份地位和表现如何重塑现代旅行。)”可知，文章主要讨论了游客为什么愿意排队购买网红食物，B选项“Why Travelers Queue for Viral Food?(为什么旅行者要排队买网红食物？)”最符合文章主旨。 Passage 2 （2026·广东汕头市·二模） After decades of limited use, geothermal (地热) energy is experiencing a global revival. The United Downs plant in Cornwall, England, has become the first geothermal facility to supply electricity to the UK grid (电网), generating electricity while also producing lithium (锂) for batteries. The developer says geothermal energy is experiencing a renaissance, driven by continuous renewable energy demand in the US and Europe. Unlike weather-dependent wind and solar, geothermal provides continuous clean power with shorter construction period than nuclear and less environmental impact than hydropower. Geothermal power, though used for decades in volcanic hotspots, currently meets less than 1% of global energy demand. This could soon change, as the International Energy Agency says it may meet up to 15% of the expected growth in electricity demand by 2050. The Cornwall project reflects both the challenges and opportunities of this energy source. Geothermal exploration occurred during the oil crises of the 1970s. However, financing remained difficult as it carries oil-and-gas level risk but with lower returns. The project eventually secured funds and drilled two deep wells in 2018 and 2019. Underground, natural radioactive materials heat water to nearly 190°C under high pressure, which is then brought to the surface to generate electricity. An unexpected discovery added new value: the hot water contains significant lithium, essential for electric vehicle batteries, which could generate ten times more benefits than electricity itself, making such projects more financially attractive. Geothermal is becoming economical beyond shallow hotspots thanks to technological advances. Techniques borrowed from oil and gas drilling, including horizontal drilling and high-pressure water injection to crack hot rocks, allow access to geothermal energy in far more locations. Concerns remain about potential earthquakes and water pollution, but experts argue these risks can be managed. As more projects emerge worldwide, communities and investors are likely to grow more comfortable with the technology. With its ability to provide stable clean power around the clock, this ancient energy source may finally be coming into its own. 1．How does the author introduce geothermal energy in Paragraph 2? A．By listing examples. B．By giving a definition. C．By making comparison. D．By explaining cause and effect. 2．What mainly boosts geothermal projects’ financial appeal? A．Higher safety level. B．The discovery of its byproduct. C．Lower drilling costs. D．Rising demand of clean energy. 3．What benefit do advanced drilling techniques bring to geothermal use? A．Lithium may be economical. B．Earthquake risks may be avoided. C．More regions will be covered. D．Environmental harm will be reduced. 4．What can be inferred about geothermal energy? A．It is a new form of green energy. B．Its potential risks have been addressed. C．It has become economic worldwide. D．Its use may support growing energy demand. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D 【导语】主要介绍地热能在全球经历复兴，以英国康沃尔郡的联合唐斯工厂为例，阐述其优势、面临的挑战与机遇，以及先进技术对其发展的推动，表明地热能有望满足不断增长的能源需求。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Unlike weather-dependent wind and solar, geothermal provides continuous clean power with shorter construction period than nuclear and less environmental impact than hydropower.(与依赖天气的风能和太阳能不同，地热能提供持续的清洁能源，建设周期比核能短，对环境的影响比水电小)”可知，作者通过将地热能与风能、太阳能、核能、水电进行对比，突出地热能的特点，所以作者在第二段是通过作比较的方式介绍地热能的。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段“An unexpected discovery added new value: the hot water contains significant lithium, essential for electric vehicle batteries, which could generate ten times more benefits than electricity itself, making such projects more financially attractive.(一个意外发现增加了新的价值：热水中含有大量锂，这对电动汽车电池至关重要，其产生的效益可能是电力本身的十倍，这使得此类项目在经济上更具吸引力)”可知，地热能项目中热水含有锂这一副产品的发现，极大地提升了项目的经济效益，增强了地热能项目的经济吸引力。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Techniques borrowed from oil and gas drilling, including horizontal drilling and high - pressure water injection to crack hot rocks, allow access to geothermal energy in far more locations.(从石油和天然气钻探中借鉴的技术，包括水平钻探和高压注水使热岩石破裂，使得在更多地方能够获取地热能)”可知，先进的钻探技术使得地热能的覆盖范围更广，更多地区能够利用地热能。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“The International Energy Agency says it may meet up to 15% of the expected growth in electricity demand by 2050.(国际能源署表示，到2050年，地热能可能满足高达15%的预期电力需求增长)”可知，地热能有可能满足不断增长的能源需求。 Passage 3 （2025·广东湛江市·二模） Students attending schools that ban the use of phones throughout the school day aren’t necessarily experiencing better mental health and well-being, as the first worldwide study of its kind has found that just banning smartphones is not enough to tackle their negative impacts. In a landmark study published in The Lancet Regional Health—Europe,1,227 students from 30 schools across England provided data about smartphone and social media usage and a range of mental health, well-being and other outcomes. Among the schools that took part in the study,20 had various forms of restrictive phone policies in place. The study found that there was no difference in outcomes for students who attend schools that ban smartphones throughout the school day, including mental health, well-being, and other health and educational outcomes. Smartphone bans in schools did lead to a slight decrease in students using phones (approximately 40 minutes) and social media (approximately 30 minutes) in school, but the study suggests that the impact is small and that school policies banning recreational phone use didn’t lead to a meaningful reduction in the overall time spent using phones and social media. “We did find a link between more time spent on phones and social media and worse outcomes, with worse mental well-being and mental health outcomes, less physical activity and poorer sleep, lower educational attainment and a greater level of disruptive classroom behaviour,” said Dr Victoria Goodyear, associate professor at the University of Birmingham and lead author of the study. “This suggests that reducing this time spent on phones is an important focus. But we need to do more than focus on schools alone, and consider phone use within and outside of school, across a whole day and the whole week.” Professor Miranda Pallan from the University of Birmingham said, “Our study suggests that school policies are not the silver bullet for preventing the detrimental impacts of smartphone and social media use, but that addressing overall phone use should be a priority for improving health and well-being among adolescents.” 1．What did the study mainly focus on? A．Banning phones and mental health. B．Time on the phone and physical health. C．Social media and personal preferences. D．School discipline and playing phones. 2．How did smartphone bans affect students’ phone usage during school hours? A．A slight increase in use. B．No obvious effect. C．Remaining unchanged. D．Switching to after-school activities. 3．What does the study suggest about school policies on smartphone use? A．They are the only solution. B．They have no impact at all. C．They have solved the problem. D．They are not a cure for all. 4．In which section is the text most likely to appear in a newspaper? A．Public Health. B．Behaviour Psychology. C．Educational Policy. D．Science and Technology. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕一项关于学校禁令对学生手机使用及身心健康影响的研究展开，介绍了研究的相关发现，包括学校禁令对学生手机使用时间影响不大，以及单纯依靠学校政策不能完全解决智能手机和社交媒体使用带来的负面影响等内容。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Students attending schools that ban the use of phones throughout the school day aren’t necessarily experiencing better mental health and well-being, as the first worldwide study of its kind has found that just banning smartphones is not enough to tackle their negative impacts.(在一整天都禁止使用手机的学校上学的学生，其心理健康和幸福感并不一定更好，因为这项全球首创的研究发现，仅仅禁止使用智能手机并不足以解决其负面影响。)”以及第二段“In a landmark study published in The Lancet Regional Health—Europe,1,227 students from 30 schools across England provided data about smartphone and social media usage and a range of mental health, well-being and other outcomes.(在《柳叶刀区域健康——欧洲》上发表的一项具有里程碑意义的研究中，来自英格兰30所学校的1227名学生提供了有关智能手机和社交媒体使用情况以及一系列心理健康、幸福感和其他结果的数据。)”可知，该研究主要关注的是学校禁止使用手机与学生心理健康之间的关系。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Smartphone bans in schools did lead to a slight decrease in students using phones (approximately 40 minutes) and social media (approximately 30 minutes) in school, but the study suggests that the impact is small and that school policies banning recreational phone use didn’t lead to a meaningful reduction in the overall time spent using phones and social media.(学校禁止使用智能手机确实导致学生在校使用手机（约40分钟）和社交媒体（约30分钟）的时间略有减少，但研究表明，这种影响很小，禁止娱乐性使用手机的学校政策并没有导致使用手机和社交媒体的总时间有意义的减少。)”可知，学校禁令对学生在校使用手机的时间影响不大，即没有明显效果。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Professor Miranda Pallan from the University of Birmingham said, “Our study suggests that school policies are not the silver bullet for preventing the detrimental impacts of smartphone and social media use, but that addressing overall phone use should be a priority for improving health and well-being among adolescents.”(伯明翰大学的米兰达·帕兰教授说：“我们的研究表明，学校政策并不是防止智能手机和社交媒体使用带来负面影响的灵丹妙药，但解决整体手机使用问题应该是改善青少年健康和幸福感的优先事项。”)”可知，学校政策并不能解决所有问题，不是解决智能手机和社交媒体使用带来负面影响的万能方法。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。通读全文以及根据文章第一段“Students attending schools that ban the use of phones throughout the school day aren’t necessarily experiencing better mental health and well-being, as the first worldwide study of its kind has found that just banning smartphones is not enough to tackle their negative impacts.(在一整天都禁止使用手机的学校上学的学生，其心理健康和幸福感并不一定更好，因为这项全球首创的研究发现，仅仅禁止使用智能手机并不足以解决其负面影响。)”文章主要围绕学校对学生使用手机的禁令展开，介绍了相关研究及其发现，这些内容与教育政策相关。因此，这篇文章最有可能出现在报纸的教育政策板块。故选C项。 Passage 4 （2025·广东茂名市·二模） It’s a hot night on the western coast of Sri Lanka. A team of volunteers is patrolling (巡逻) a popular tourist beach on the outskirts of Colombo, searching for turtle (海龟) nesting sites. They gather in a circle, digging in the sand at dusk. Turtle eggs have long been stolen as a food source by coastal communities, but more recently it is human activity of another kind that has proved a greater threat. As the city has expanded, restaurants and other tourist facilities have mushroomed along most parts of the country’s western coast, bringing in more people, noisy music, and much plastic and chemical waste, all of which harms turtle nesting during the reproducing season. Aware that life for the turtles was becoming more difficult, Muditha Katuwawala, one of the volunteers, expanded the activities of the Pearl Protectors to include regular patrols. Working with the coastguard, the volunteers help to find eggs laid in hazardous areas and remove them to a safe nesting place on the beach until they hatch. Nevertheless, a significant threat to the turtles comes from the illegal hunters because once they find a nest, all the eggs are usually taken. “Certain restaurants and hotels sell these eggs to the foreigners as a novel food, at a good price,” Katuwawala says. “So turtle eggs now have commercial demand.” He says patrolling alone will not create a lasting impact on turtle conservation and it needs to be combined with educating coastal communities. Another volunteer, Lara Wijesuriya, agrees. “It makes a difference to the community in how they perceive the problem and the solution,” she says. “And it makes a difference to the volunteers in how they approach the problem. It bridges the gap.” In the southern part of the island, the Turtle Conservation Project has gone a step further by employing hunters to protect nests, providing an alternative income. “When you finally see the baby turtles going into the ocean, it’s really nice to know that you helped a life to live,” Fernando, another volunteer, says. 1．What is a greater threat to turtle nesting recently? A．Urban expansion. B．Illegal hunting. C．Industrial activity. D．Destructive overfishing. 2．What does the underlined word “hazardous” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Risky. B．Scenic. C．Public. D．Crowded. 3．What is mainly talked about in paragraph 4 and 5? A．The business value of turtle eggs. B．The threat of illegal hunting to turtle eggs. C．The role of volunteer efforts in conservation. D．The need of combining patrolling and educating. 4．Which is a suitable title for the text? A．Economic Benefits of Turtle Eggs B．Joint Efforts in Turtle Conservation C．Traditional Practices in Turtle Protection D．Coastal Tourism Challenges in Sri Lanka 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了斯里兰卡西部海岸志愿者和社区联合保护海龟免受城市扩张和非法捕猎威胁的努力。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Turtle eggs have long been stolen as a food source by coastal communities, but more recently it is human activity of another kind that has proved a greater threat. As the city has expanded, restaurants and other tourist facilities have mushroomed along most parts of the country’s western coast, bringing in more people, noisy music, and much plastic and chemical waste, all of which harms turtle nesting during the reproducing season.(长期以来，海龟蛋一直被沿海社区当作食物来源而被盗取，但最近，另一种人类活动被证明是更大的威胁。随着城市的扩张，该国西海岸的大部分地区如雨后春笋般涌现出餐馆和其他旅游设施，带来了更多的人、嘈杂的音乐以及大量的塑料和化学废物，所有这些都在繁殖季节对海龟筑巢造成了伤害)”可知，最近对海龟筑巢的更大威胁是城市扩张。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Working with the coastguard, the volunteers help to find eggs laid in hazardous areas and remove them to a safe nesting place on the beach until they hatch.(志愿者们与海岸警卫队合作，帮助寻找在hazardous地区产下的卵，并将它们转移到海滩上一个安全的筑巢地点，直到它们孵化)”可知，“hazardous”与“safe(安全的)”是相对的，志愿者们帮助把在危险区域产下的卵转移到安全的地方，直到孵化，hazardous意为“有危险的”。A. Risky有危险的；B. Scenic风景优美的；C. Public公共的；D. Crowded拥挤的。故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据第四段中“He says patrolling alone will not create a lasting impact on turtle conservation and it needs to be combined with educating coastal communities.(他说，单靠巡逻不会对海龟保护产生持久的影响，它需要与教育沿海社区相结合)”和第五段中“Another volunteer, Lara Wijesuriya, agrees. ‘It makes a difference to the community in how they perceive the problem and the solution,’ she says. ‘And it makes a difference to the volunteers in how they approach the problem. It bridges the gap.’(另一位志愿者Lara Wijesuriya对此表示赞同。她说：‘这让社区在如何看待问题和解决方案方面有所不同。这也让志愿者在如何处理问题上有所不同。它弥合了差距。’)”可知，第四段和第五段主要讨论了巡逻和教育相结合的必要性。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第三段中“Aware that life for the turtles was becoming more difficult, Muditha Katuwawala, one of the volunteers, expanded the activities of the Pearl Protectors to include regular patrols.(志愿者之一Muditha Katuwawala意识到海龟的生活变得越来越困难，于是扩大了珍珠保护者的活动范围，包括定期巡逻)”可知，文章主要讲述了志愿者们为保护海龟所做出的努力，包括巡逻、转移海龟卵、教育沿海社区等，B项“保护海龟的共同努力”适合作文章标题。故选B。 主题01 人与社会——科学与技术 Passage 1 （2025·广东汕头市·二模） In designing the robots of tomorrow, engineers have gained many of their inspirations from the kingdom of creatures, with machines that mimic the way plants and animals move and sense their environment. In recent study, researchers at Cornell University have found that mycelia, the underground parts of mushrooms, have the ability to sense chemical and biological signals and respond to multiple inputs. By using the natural electrical signals of mycelia, the researchers found a new way to control biohybrid (生物混合) robots, which can react to their surroundings better than traditional man-made robots. With great efforts, two biohybrid robots were built: a soft robot shaped like a spider and a wheeled robot. The robots responded to mycelia’s signals by walking and rolling. They also changed their position in response to light, demonstrating the mycelia’s ability to react to outer influences. However, finding a way to integrate mushrooms and robots requires more than just gardening and technical skills. “You have to have a background in mechanical engineering, electronics, some neurobiology (神经生物学), and even some kind of signal processing. All these fields come together to build this kind of system,” said Shepherd, professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering. “Living systems respond to touch, light, heat and even some unknowns, like signals. This is why we believe that if we want to build future robots, they must be able to work in unexpected environments,” said Mishra, a research associate in the Organic Robotics Lab of Cornell University. “By growing mycelia into the electronics of a robot, we were able to allow the biohybrid machine to sense and respond to the environment. In this case we used light as the input, but in the future it will be chemical. The potential for future robots could be to sense soil chemistry in row crops and decide when to add more fertilizer (肥料),” said Shepherd. 1．What does the underlined word “mimic” mean in paragraph 1? A．Control. B．Judge. C．Change. D．Copy. 2．Why are mycelia used in robot design? A．For their mushroom shape. B．For their perception and response abilities. C．For their chemical potential. D．For their chemical and biological influences. 3．What does Shepherd emphasize about the process in paragraph 3? A．Technical skills. B．Scientific methods. C．Subject integration. D．Innovative application. 4．Which of the following can be the potential application for future biohybrid robots? A．Monitoring soil condition. B．Designing electronic systems. C．Replacing human experience. D．Strengthening unknown signals. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了蘑菇菌丝在生物混合机器人设计中的应用及未来潜力。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中“In designing the robots of tomorrow, engineers have gained many of their inspirations from the kingdom of creatures, with machines that mimic the way plants and animals move and sense their environment. (在设计未来的机器人时，工程师们从生物界获得了许多灵感，制造出能够mimic植物和动物移动及感知环境方式的机器。)”可知，此处机器是模仿植物和动物的行为，mimic意思是“模仿”，与copy意思相近。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In recent study, researchers at Cornell University have found that mycelia, the underground parts of mushrooms, have the ability to sense chemical and biological signals and respond to multiple inputs. By using the natural electrical signals of mycelia, the researchers found a new way to control biohybrid (生物混合) robots, which can react to their surroundings better than traditional man-made robots. (在最近的一项研究中，康奈尔大学的研究人员发现，蘑菇的地下部分——菌丝体，能够感知化学和生物信号，并对多种输入做出反应。研究人员利用菌丝体的天然电信号，发现了一种控制生物混合机器人的新方法，这种方法比传统的人造机器人能更好地对周围环境做出反应。)”可知，菌丝体被用于机器人设计是因为它们有感知和反应能力。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中““You have to have a background in mechanical engineering, electronics, some neurobiology (神经生物学), and even some kind of signal processing. All these fields come together to build this kind of system,” said Shepherd, professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering. (机械与航空航天工程教授谢泼德表示：“你必须具备机械工程、电子学、一些神经生物学，甚至某种信号处理方面的知识背景。所有这些领域结合起来才能构建这样的系统。”)”可知，Shepherd强调了这一过程需要多学科融合。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““By growing mycelia into the electronics of a robot, we were able to allow the biohybrid machine to sense and respond to the environment. In this case we used light as the input, but in the future it will be chemical. The potential for future robots could be to sense soil chemistry in row crops and decide when to add more fertilizer (肥料),” said Shepherd. (“通过将菌丝体培育到机器人的电子元件中，我们能够让这种生物混合机器感知环境并对其做出反应。在这种情况下，我们使用光作为输入信号，但未来将会使用化学信号。未来机器人的潜力可能在于感知大田作物的土壤化学成分，并判断何时该添加更多的肥料。” 谢泼德说道。)”可知，未来生物混合机器人的潜在应用是监测土壤状况。故选A。 Passage 2 （2026·广东汕头市·二模） In the high-mountain grasslands of eastern California, a gray owl (猫头鹰) rests beside a road within Yosemite National Park. He is focused on his prey across the road. As he takes off, flying just inches over the pavement, a car speeds by, narrowly missing him. Many owls are not as fortunate. Since 2003, 23 individuals — over 11% of the present population — have been killed by vehicles. These small, genetically unique owls struggle to survive. Park biologist Heather Mackey says they’re a signature species of Yosemite. Therefore, Yosemite partnered with the Institute for Bird Populations to conduct a study on owl activities from 2022 to 2024. The first step was the hardest: capturing the owls to attach trackers. The team finally fitted six owls with specially designed lightweight GPS backpacks. By downloading GPS signals monthly, Dustin Garrison, National Park Service biologist as well as the primary field technician on the study, and his colleagues gained precise data on the owls’ habitat use and hunting patterns. Owls depend on Yosemite’s wet, open grasslands surrounded by old-growth forest and rich in the birds’ favored prey. But these habitats are increasingly at risk. More alarmingly, owls seemed to favor dangerous roadsides for hunting. “The study revealed a high concentration of owl territories along roadsides,” notes biologist Ramiro Aragon. “It might be that roads cut through areas owls use. So it’s hard to say if they’re attracted to roads or actually just caught in between.” Data also shows owl activity overlaps (重叠) with traffic peaks. They were most active after sunset and between 4 and 6 a.m., while public entry without reservation is allowed before 6 a.m. “We can use the data to regulate the timing so we’re not creating an artificial push of traffic right around peak hours of owl activity,” Mackey says. Researchers also propose other protective measures, including reducing speed limits along key roads, and modifying roadside vegetation to make it less attractive. “There are two ways to approach changes,” Garrison notes. “You either modify human behavior, or you modify wildlife behavior.” 1．Why does the author describe the scene in Paragraph 1? A．To show how fortunate the owl is. B．To predict the outcome of the owl. C．To present how natural the park is. D．To illustrate the problem the owls face. 2．What was the most challenging part of the study? A．Putting trackers on owls. B．Observing owls at night. C．Making lighter backpacks. D．Analyzing the GPS data. 3．What is Ramiro’s attitude to owls’ preference for roadside hunting? A．Concerned. B．Subjective. C．Supportive. D．Critical. 4．What suggestion is proposed to solve the overlap between owl activity and traffic peaks? A．Limit road speed. B．Set public entry limitation. C．Change roadside plants. D．Adjust reservation schedule. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D 【导语】主要介绍在加利福尼亚州东部约塞米蒂国家公园，猫头鹰因车辆威胁生存面临困境，公园与相关机构合作研究，揭示其栖息地使用、捕猎模式等问题，并提出保护措施。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the high-mountain grasslands of eastern California, a gray owl (猫头鹰) rests beside a road within Yosemite National Park. He is focused on his prey across the road. As he takes off, flying just inches over the pavement, a car speeds by, narrowly missing him. (在加利福尼亚州东部的高山草原上，一只灰色的猫头鹰栖息在约塞米蒂国家公园内的一条路边。它专注于路对面的猎物。当它起飞，在路面上方仅几英寸处飞行时，一辆汽车疾驰而过，险些撞到它。)”以及第二段“Many owls are not as fortunate. Since 2003, 23 individuals — over 11% of the present population — have been killed by vehicles. (许多猫头鹰就没这么幸运了。自2003年以来，已有23只猫头鹰——超过现有种群数量的11%——被车辆撞死。)”可知，作者描述第一段的场景是为了引出并说明猫头鹰面临被车辆撞击的问题。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The first step was the hardest: capturing the owls to attach trackers.(第一步是最困难的：捕获猫头鹰以安装追踪器。)”可知，研究中最具挑战性的部分是给猫头鹰安装追踪器。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段““The study revealed a high concentration of owl territories along roadsides,” notes biologist Ramiro Aragon. “It might be that roads cut through areas owls use. So it’s hard to say if they’re attracted to roads or actually just caught in between.” (生物学家拉米罗·阿拉贡指出：“研究显示猫头鹰的领地高度集中在路边。可能是道路穿过了猫头鹰使用的区域。所以很难说它们是被道路吸引，还是实际上只是被困在中间。”)”可知，拉米罗·阿拉贡对猫头鹰偏好路边捕猎的情况表示担忧。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Data also shows owl activity overlaps (重叠) with traffic peaks. They were most active after sunset and between 4 and 6 a.m., while public entry without reservation is allowed before 6 a.m. “We can use the data to regulate the timing so we’re not creating an artificial push of traffic right around peak hours of owl activity,” Mackey says. (数据还显示猫头鹰的活动与交通高峰重叠。它们在日落后和凌晨4点到6点之间最为活跃，而早上6点前允许无预约入园。麦基说：“我们可以利用这些数据来调整时间安排，这样就不会在猫头鹰活动的高峰期人为地造成交通高峰。)”）可知，为解决猫头鹰活动与交通高峰重叠的问题，建议调整预约时间表。 Passage 3 （2026·广东茂名市·二模） For people with severe paralysis (瘫痪), communication can be extremely difficult. Some may still move their eyes, but many cannot speak or use their hands. To address this problem, scientists have been developing brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). In a recent advance, researchers tested a new BCI system that allowed users with paralysis to type more quickly, offering new hope for more natural communication. Earlier BCIs made communication possible, but not efficient. In many cases, users had to move a cursor (光标) across a screen and choose letters one by one. This method worked, yet it was often too slow for normal conversation. Researchers therefore wanted a system that could operate more like everyday typing. In a recent study, a research team tested a new BCI keyboard that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to recognize a user’s intended finger or hand movements. The system linked patterns of brain activity to letters on a standard keyboard. Two people with paralysis took part in the study by attempting to move their fingers, even though no actual movement occurred. One of them reached a typing speed of 22 words per minute, close to the speed of ordinary smartphone texting. The advance matters because communication is not only about producing words, but also about joining a conversation at the right time. A person who types too slowly may struggle to take part naturally in social interaction. Some users can rely on eye-tracking systems, but these are often slower and may not work well for everyone. A faster BCI, therefore, could make communication feel more direct and more natural. Still, the technology is not ready for wide use. The study included only two participants, so further testing is needed. In addition, the device requires surgery to place chips (芯片) in the brain, which brings risks. It also needs to be adjusted before each use. Even so, researchers believe the results show that brain-based typing is moving beyond the laboratory and getting closer to practical communication in everyday life. 1．What was a disadvantage of earlier BCIs? A．They responded too slowly. B．They relied on spoken language. C．They were expensive to produce. D．They required users to move hands. 2．What can be inferred about the new BCI system from paragraph 3? A．It beats smartphone texting in speed. B．It depends on users’ basic hand control. C．It helps patients recover muscle functions. D．It translates mental intentions into text. 3．Why is faster typing considered important? A．It reduces the need for surgery. B．It restores actual finger movements. C．It allows more natural communication. D．It improves the quality of smartphones. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．BCI Systems: From Lab Experiments to Practical Risks B．Brain-based Typing: A Step Towards Natural Communication C．Brain-based Typing: The Future of Smartphone Texting D．BCI Systems: A Promising Breakthrough in Paralysis Recovery 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。科学家研发新型脑机接口（BCI），通过AI捕捉瘫痪患者大脑意念实现快速打字，虽未广泛应用，但为其更自然交流带来新希望。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In many cases, users had to move a cursor (光标) across a screen and choose letters one by one. This method worked, yet it was often too slow for normal conversation.(在很多情况下，用户需要将光标移动到屏幕上，然后逐个选择字母。这种方法虽然可行，但通常在正常对话中速度太慢了)”可知，早期的脑机接口的反应速度太慢了。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“In a recent study, a research team tested a new BCI keyboard that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to recognize a user’s intended finger or hand movements. The system linked patterns of brain activity to letters on a standard keyboard.(在最近的一项研究中，一个研究团队测试了一种新型的脑机接口键盘，该键盘利用人工智能（AI）来识别用户想要做出的手指或手部动作。该系统将大脑活动的模式与标准键盘上的字母进行了关联)”可知，新的人机交互系统将思维意图转化为文字。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“A faster BCI, therefore, could make communication feel more direct and more natural.(因此，速度更快的脑机接口技术能够使交流过程显得更加直接和自然)”可知，更快的打字速度被视为重要的一项能力是因为它能促进更自然的交流。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a recent advance, researchers tested a new BCI system that allowed users with paralysis to type more quickly, offering new hope for more natural communication.(在最近的一项进展中，研究人员测试了一种新的脑机接口系统，该系统能让瘫痪患者更快地进行打字操作，为实现更自然的交流带来了新的希望)”结合文章说明了科学家研发新型脑机接口（BCI），通过AI捕捉瘫痪患者大脑意念实现快速打字，虽未广泛应用，但为其更自然交流带来新希望。可知，B选项“基于大脑的打字：迈向自然交流的一步”最符合文章标题。故选B。 Passage 4 （2025·广东省·二模） Each month in the modern Gregorian calendar consists of at least 28 days. That number would be a nicely rounded 30 were it not for February. While every month besides the second in the calendar contains at least 30 days, but February falls short with 28 (and 29 on a leap year). So why is the most widely used calendar in the world so discrepant in the lengths of its months? And why is February stuck with the fewest number of days? Blame it on Roman superstition (迷信). The Gregorian calendar’s oldest ancestor, the first Roman calendar, had a big difference in structure from its later forms: it consisted of 10 months rather than 12. In order to fully sync (同步) the calendar with the lunar year, the Roman king Numa Pompilius added January and February to the original 10 months. The previous calendar had had 6 months of 30 days and 4 months of 31 days, for a total of 304 days. However, Numa wanted to avoid having even numbers in his calendar, as Roman superstition at the time held that even numbers were unlucky. He subtracted (减去) a day from each of the 30-day months to make them 29. The lunar year consists of 355 days (354.367 to be exact, but calling it 354 would have made the whole year unlucky!), which meant that he now had 56 days left to work with. In the end, at least 1 month out of the 12 needed to contain an even number of days. This is because of simple mathematical fact: the sum of any even amount (12 months) of odd numbers will always equal an even number — and he wanted the total to be odd. So Numa chose February, a month that would be host to Roman celebration honouring the dead, as the unlucky month to consist of 28 days. Despite changes in the calendar as it was changed after Numa’s additions — changes that include the shortening of February at certain intervals, the addition of a leap month, and eventually the modern leap day — February’s 28-day length has stuck. 1．What does the underlined word “discrepant” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Varying. B．Limited. C．Fixed. D．Balanced. 2．Why did Numa decide to shorten February? A．To make the calendar align with the lunar year. B．To avoid having even numbers in his calendar. C．To ensure every month had at least 30 days. D．To make the total number of days in a year odd. 3．What can be inferred about the Roman calendar before Numa’s changes? A．It had a consistent number of days in each month. B．It was based on the lunar cycle. C．It had a total of 355 days in a year. D．It was more accurate than the Gregorian calendar. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To introduce the Roman King Numa Pompilius. B．To stress the importance of the modern Gregorian calendar. C．To discuss the disadvantage of the present calendar. D．To explain why there are just 28 days in February usually. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代格里高利历法中月份天数不一致的原因，特别是为什么二月只有28天。 1．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Each month in the modern Gregorian calendar consists of at least 28 days. That number would be a nicely rounded 30 were it not for February. While every month besides the second in the calendar contains at least 30 days, but February falls short with 28 (and 29 on a leap year). So why is the most widely used calendar in the world so discrepant in the lengths of its months?(在现代公历中，每个月至少有28天。如果不是因为二月，这个数字将会是一个很好的整数30。虽然除了二月份，日历上的每个月都至少有30天，但二月份只有28天（闰年有29天）。那么，为何世界上使用最广泛的日历在月份天数上如此discrepant呢？)”可知，世界上使用最广泛的日历中，每个月的天数都不一样，即日历中每个月的长度是不同的，故画线词意思是“不同的”。A. Varying.不同的；B. Limited.有限的；C. Fixed.固定的；D. Balanced.平衡的。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, Numa wanted to avoid having even numbers in his calendar, as Roman superstition at the time held that even numbers were unlucky. He subtracted (减去) a day from each of the 30-day months to make them 29.(然而，Numa希望在他的日历中避免出现偶数，因为当时的罗马迷信认为偶数是不吉利的。他从每个月30天中减去一天，使它们变成29天)”可知，Numa决定缩短二月是为了避免在他的日历中出现偶数。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段中“In order to fully sync (同步) the calendar with the lunar year, the Roman king Numa Pompilius added January and February to the original 10 months.(为了使日历与农历年完全同步，罗马国王Numa Pompilius在最初的10个月的基础上增加了一月和二月)”可推知，Numa改变之前的罗马日历是基于农历周期的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“So why is the most widely used calendar in the world so discrepant in the lengths of its months? And why is February stuck with the fewest number of days? Blame it on Roman superstition (迷信).(那么，为什么世界上使用最广泛的日历中，每个月的长度会有如此大的差异呢？为什么二月的天数最少？这要归咎于罗马人的迷信)”结合全文内容可知，文章主要解释了二月份的天数最少，是因为罗马人的迷信，要避免日历中出现偶数。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是解释为什么二月通常只有28天。故选D。 Passage 5 （2025·广东湛江市·二模） In India, tigers haven’t just survived — they’ve made a comeback. Despite a growing population and increasing pressure on their habitats, the number of wild tigers is rising. The reason? A combination of ecological restoration, economic initiatives, and political stability. And just as important: a deeply rooted reverence for tigers that has fostered a culture where humans and large predators (捕食性动物) can coexist. India’s tiger conservation strategy combines two approaches: some areas are strictly protected reserves, while others are multi-use landscapes where tigers and people share space. And this isn’t just for the benefit of the tigers. “The advantage of combining these two methods is that reserves act as a source of tigers for surrounding areas. And if coexistence no longer works, the reserves provide a fallback (应变的) option — ensuring that tigers are not at risk of extinction,” explains Ninad Mungi, assistant professor at Aarhus University and co-author of the study. According to researchers, human population density alone is not what determines whether tigers can thrive — it’s people’s lifestyles, economic conditions, and cultural attitudes that shape their willingness to share space with large predators. In relatively prosperous regions where ecotourism and government compensation schemes (补偿计划) generate income, tolerance for tigers is much higher. In fact, for some Indian farmers, losing cattle to a tiger does not essentially spell disaster. Farmers who keep their livestock in barns and enclosures are rarely affected by tigers. However, when cattle are released to graze in tiger-inhabited areas, and if a tiger eats it, the farmer receives financial compensation from the government — turning a loss into a gain. India’s model could provide valuable insights far beyond its borders. In Europe, many countries are struggling with wolves attacking livestock, and India’s experience may inspire new approaches that protect both wildlife and farmers’ livelihoods. “There are, of course, cultural challenges, but culture can change over time. India’s experience proves that large predators can survive in a modern world — if we are willing to think creatively and find a balance between protection and coexistence,” says Ninad. 1．Which of the following can explain the increase in wild tigers in India? A．Reduced human disturbance. B．New tiger breeding programs. C．Many factors working together. D．Enhanced ecological conditions. 2．What is the benefit of combining two approaches to tiger conservation? A．It promotes local ecotourism. B．It ensures the survival of tigers. C．It offers more land for farmers. D．It increases the number of tigers in zoos. 3．How might a farmer feel at his cattle being eaten by a tiger? A．Unworried. B．Depressed. C．Terrified. D．Unfortunate. 4．What does Ninad think of India’s ways of tiger conservation? A．They are ineffective. B．They are traditional. C．They are contradictory. D．They are innovative. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了印度通过综合保护策略与文化共存促进野生老虎数量增长的成功案例，并为其他国家提供了借鉴经验。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The reason? A combination of ecological restoration, economic initiatives, and political stability. And just as important: a deeply rooted reverence for tigers that has fostered a culture where humans and large predators (捕食性动物) can coexist.(原因是什么呢？这是生态恢复、经济举措和政治稳定共同作用的结果。同样重要的是：对老虎深深的敬畏之情孕育了一种人类和大型捕食性动物能够共存的文化)”可知，印度野生老虎数量增加是多种因素共同作用的结果。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“‘The advantage of combining these two methods is that reserves act as a source of tigers for surrounding areas. And if coexistence no longer works, the reserves provide a fallback (应变的) option — ensuring that tigers are not at risk of extinction,’ explains Ninad Mungi, assistant professor at Aarhus University and co-author of the study.(奥胡斯大学助理教授、该研究的合著者尼纳德・蒙吉解释说：‘结合这两种方法的优势在于，保护区可以作为周边地区老虎的来源。如果共存不再可行，保护区就提供了一个应变的选择——确保老虎不会面临灭绝的风险。’)”可知，结合两种保护老虎的方法的好处是能确保老虎的生存。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“In fact, for some Indian farmers, losing cattle to a tiger does not essentially spell disaster. Farmers who keep their livestock in barns and enclosures are rarely affected by tigers. However, when cattle are released to graze in tiger-inhabited areas, and if a tiger eats it, the farmer receives financial compensation from the government — turning a loss into a gain.(事实上，对一些印度农民来说，老虎吃掉他们的牛并不一定意味着灾难。把牲畜养在谷仓和围栏里的农民很少受到老虎的影响。然而，当把牛放到老虎栖息的地区放牧时，如果老虎吃掉了牛，农民会从政府那里得到经济补偿——把损失变成了收益)”可推知，当农民的牛被老虎吃掉时，他们可能会得到政府的补偿，所以他们不会担心。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“‘There are, of course, cultural challenges, but culture can change over time. India’s experience proves that large predators can survive in a modern world — if we are willing to think creatively and find a balance between protection and coexistence,’ says Ninad.(尼纳德说：‘当然，存在文化挑战，但文化会随着时间而改变。印度的经验证明，大型捕食性动物可以在现代世界中生存——如果我们愿意创造性地思考，并在保护和共存之间找到平衡的话。’)”可知，Ninad认为印度的经验证明了大型捕食性动物可以在现代世界生存，前提是我们愿意创造性地思考并在保护和共存之间找到平衡，这说明Ninad认为印度保护老虎的方法是创新的。故选D。 主题02 人与自我——生活与学习 Passage 1 （2025·广东茂名市·二模） If you’re used to letting your dog lick your face — and maybe even your mouth — you’re not alone. Now, scientists warn that dog saliva (唾液) could actually be dangerous. A new study found that household dogs are often overlooked sources of salmonella (沙门氏菌). Researchers at Penn State University (PSU) found that dogs can carry antibiotic-resistant (耐抗生素的) salmonella, which poses a serious risk to humans. In both dogs and humans, salmonella infections can cause fever and stomach trouble. In some cases, the infection can spread beyond the intestines (肠) and cause more serious issues, according to the Mayo Clinic. Dogs can get salmonella by eating raw food or consuming waste from infected animals. It can then be passed on to humans through contact with the dog’s waste, warns the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. The issue is that dogs can carry salmonella without showing any signs of illness, making it easy to spread without warning. The PSU team studied salmonella in dogs from May 2017 to March 2023, as well as human cases. They found 87 cases in dogs and concluded that 77 human cases may have come from dogs. The salmonella in dogs also had genes for drug resistance, which is concerning for treatment. The study also found that 39% of samples from dogs had a gene that helps salmonella survive in their intestines. This means that even after the dog recovers, it can still spread salmonella through its waste. Though salmonella isn’t common in dogs, the study’s authors stress that human contact with dogs makes the issue important. “We don’t let cows sleep in our beds or lick our faces, but we do with dogs,” said lead author Sophia Kenney. Co-author Nkuchia Mikanatha emphasized the importance of cleanliness. Simple practices like hand washing, cleaning pet bowls, and not letting your dog lick your face can prevent the spread of salmonella. The goal of the research is not to discourage pet ownership but to raise awareness of risks and encourage better cleanliness to keep both pets and owners safe. 1．What did the new study find about dogs? A．They like licking owners. B．Their licks endanger owners. C．They contract salmonella. D．Their licks create salmonella. 2．Why is treating salmonella in dogs challenging? A．Dogs do not cooperate during treatment. B．Dogs can spread salmonella until recovery. C．Salmonella in dogs carries anti-drug genes. D．Salmonella in dogs spreads quickly and secretly. 3．Why does the author mention cows in paragraph 6? A．To discuss causes of drug resistance. B．To compare animal feeding practices. C．To highlight closer human-dog contact. D．To explain animal behavior differences. 4．What does the research finally recommend? A．Keeping better cleaning routines. B．Restricting dog ownership. C．Stopping offering raw food to pets. D．Having less contact with dogs. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是狗唾液中可能携带耐抗生素的沙门氏菌，及其对人类健康的潜在威胁和预防措施。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Now, scientists warn that dog saliva (唾液) could actually be dangerous. A new study found that household dogs are often overlooked sources of salmonella (沙门氏菌).(现在，科学家警告说，狗的唾液实际上可能具有危险性。一项新研究发现，家养狗常常是被忽视的沙门氏菌来源。)”可知，狗可能携带沙门氏菌，并通过舔舐或接触传播给人类，由此可知，研究发现狗的舔舐行为可能对主人构成危险。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The salmonella in dogs also had genes for drug resistance, which is concerning for treatment.(狗体内的沙门氏菌还携带抗药基因，这对治疗来说是一个令人担忧的问题。)” 可知，狗体内的沙门氏菌携带抗药基因，这使得治疗变得困难。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Though salmonella isn’t common in dogs, the study’s authors stress that human contact with dogs makes the issue important.(尽管沙门氏菌在狗身上并不常见，但研究作者强调，人类与狗的接触使这一问题变得重要。)”可知，人类与狗之间的亲密接触，结合下文的““We don’t let cows sleep in our beds or lick our faces, but we do with dogs,” said lead author Sophia Kenney. (“我们不会让牛睡在我们的床上或舔我们的脸，但我们对狗却这样做，”首席作者索菲亚·肯尼说。)”可知，我们不让牛舔我们的脸，但狗却这样做，以此强调狗和人类的亲密接触。故选C项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Simple practices like hand washing, cleaning pet bowls, and not letting your dog lick your face can prevent the spread of salmonella.(像勤洗手、清洗宠物食盆以及不让狗舔你的脸这样的简单做法，可以防止沙门氏菌的传播。)”可知，提高清洁习惯以降低风险，由此可知，研究最后建议保持更好的清洁习惯。故选A项。 Passage 2 （2026·广东佛山市·二模） Imagine scrolling (滚屏)through social media late at night and suddenly seeing photos of your friends having fun without you. You may begin to wonder why you were not invited or what you did wrong. Soon, feelings of sadness or disappointment appear. This experience is commonly known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out. It is the anxiety and unease about how others might be having more rewarding experiences than you are. FOMO can be a passing thought that enters your mind after seeing something you wish you were a part of — a video of a concert, for example, or a picture of a graduation party. Or it can appear as an urge to check your phone for messages and updates. You might sit alone, feeling envious about how much fun others are having as you scroll through your feed, only to later realize how much time has passed you by. This fear can affect your behavior by creating a cycle of unhealthy habits that worsen your emotional well-being. Maybe you end up agreeing to every invitation that comes your way out of fear that you’ll miss out on some magical moments, thus overcommitting yourself to events and feeling exhausted. If you’re constantly checking your phone, you’ll have a harder time focusing on tasks in front of you and may end up making more mistakes. Also, being glued to your phone late at night can make it harder to fall asleep and harm your physical and mental well-being. If it feels like FOMO and social media have taken over your life, know that there are ways to regain control. It starts with developing a better understanding of yourself, including your feelings, motives, and values. Then, you can cut down on worry by developing mindfulness, managing anxiety, and limiting your social media usage. Besides, building self-respect and establishing genuine relationships will allow you to better appreciate your own experiences. While you experience FOMO, the things you’re “missing out on” might be right in front of you. You can pull yourself back to the present moment, appreciate what’s happening in your life, and build a better sense of well-being. 1．Why does the text begin with a situation related to social media? A．To present a typical social activity. B．To criticize a common online habit. C．To explain the impact of social media. D．To introduce a psychological concept. 2．What can be inferred about FOMO according to paragraph 2? A．It lasts only for a short time. B．It shows up in different ways. C．It decreases work efficiency. D．It weakens one’s ties with friends. 3．Which can be a behavioral impact of FOMO according to the text? A．Calling friends for help late at night. B．Giving a like to a friend’s social post. C．Attending all available social activities. D．Handling multiple tasks at the same time. 4．What does the author think of FOMO? A．Harmful but manageable. B．Common but overlooked. C．Interrupting but educational. D．Underestimated but avoidable. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“错失恐惧症（FOMO）”的定义、表现形式、对行为的影响以及应对方法。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Imagine scrolling (滚屏)through social media late at night and suddenly seeing photos of your friends having fun without you. You may begin to wonder why you were not invited or what you did wrong. Soon, feelings of sadness or disappointment appear. This experience is commonly known as FOMO, or the fear of missing out. (想象一下，深夜刷社交媒体时，突然看到朋友们没带你一起玩乐的照片。你可能会开始纳闷自己为什么没被邀请，或是自己做错了什么。很快，悲伤或失望的情绪便会涌上心头。这种体验通常被称为FOMO，也就是错失恐惧症)”可知，文章以社交媒体相关场景开篇，是为了引出“错失恐惧症（FOMO）”这一心理概念。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“FOMO can be a passing thought that enters your mind after seeing something you wish you were a part of — a video of a concert, for example, or a picture of a graduation party. Or it can appear as an urge to check your phone for messages and updates. (错失恐惧症可能是一种转瞬即逝的念头，在你看到自己渴望参与其中的事情后涌上心头 —— 比如一场演唱会的视频，或是一张毕业派对的照片。又或者，它会表现为一种想要查看手机信息和最新动态的冲动)”可知，错失恐惧症会以不同的方式出现。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Maybe you end up agreeing to every invitation that comes your way out of fear that you’ll miss out on some magical moments, thus overcommitting yourself to events and feeling exhausted.(也许你会因为害怕错过一些神奇的时刻而同意所有到来的邀请，从而过度投入到活动中，感到疲惫不堪)”可知，错失恐惧症的一个行为影响是参加所有可参与的社交活动。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“This fear can affect your behavior by creating a cycle of unhealthy habits that worsen your emotional well-being.(这种恐惧会通过形成不健康的习惯循环来影响你的行为，从而恶化你的情绪健康)”和第四段中的“If it feels like FOMO and social media have taken over your life, know that there are ways to regain control.(如果感觉错失恐惧症和社交媒体已经占据了你的生活，要知道有办法重新获得控制)”可推断，作者认为错失恐惧症是有害但可控制的。故选A项。 Passage 3 （2025·广东佛山市·二模） How individuals describe their experiences plays a crucial role in shaping emotions and decision-making. However, little research has examined whether language can impact how people experience time alone. To find it out, researchers studied how different terms used to describe time alone affect individuals’ understanding of it and their emotions and behaviors. In the first study, 500 adults were randomly assigned to evaluate one of five labels describing time alone: me-time, time alone, solitude (孤单), being alone, or isolation (孤独). They rated their assigned term on several dimensions, including how positive or negative it felt, its perceived impact on well-being, and whether they actively sought or avoided that type of experience. This study revealed that “me-time” was consistently rated as the most positive, with participants considering it as beneficial to well-being and something they actively sought out. In contrast, “isolation” was viewed as the least desirable. The other three labels fell somewhere in between. In the second study, 176 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to a 30-minute solitude period described as either me-time or isolation. Before the session, they completed a survey measuring baseline beliefs about being alone. During the session, they avoided all social interactions, but could engage in non-social activities like reading or writing. Afterward, they rated their emotions, described their thoughts and behaviors, and reassessed their beliefs about being alone. Those who spent 30 minutes alone after being told they were having “me-time” reported an increase in positive effect, while those who were told they were in “isolation” experienced a decline in positive emotions. Additionally, participants in the “me-time” condition reported more positive beliefs about being alone after the session compared to their baseline beliefs, while those in the “isolation” condition showed no significant change. Interestingly, choice of terms did not significantly influence the activities participants engaged in. But it did appear to shape thought content, with those in the “isolation” condition being more likely to think about schoolwork, while those in the “me-time” condition were more likely to reflect on personal growth. The studies, however, involved individuals that consisted primarily of adults and undergraduate students, limiting the generalizability of the findings across diverse populations. 1．One of the research purposes is to explore ________. A．the benefits of positive emotions B．people’s preferences for time alone C．how people make decisions while alone D．how language shapes people’s perceptions 2．What can be concluded from the first study? A．People treasure their time of being alone. B．Label selection reflects people’s personality. C．People prefer being alone to social interaction. D．Terms for time alone affect emotional responses. 3．Why were the baseline beliefs about being alone rated? A．To predict future outcomes. B．To ensure accurate understanding. C．To track potential opinion shifts. D．To group the participants accordingly. 4．What is the limitation of the research? A．Contradictory results. B．Restricted participant range. C．Controlled research duration. D．Unreliable research methods. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了研究人员通过两项研究探讨了不同词汇描述独处时间如何影响人们对独处的理解、情绪和行为。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“To find it out, researchers studied how different terms used to describe time alone affect individuals’ understanding of it and their emotions and behaviors. (为了找到答案，研究人员研究了用来描述独处时间的不同术语如何影响个人对独处时间的理解以及他们的情绪和行为)”可知，研究目的之一是探索语言如何塑造人们的感知。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“This study revealed that “me-time” was consistently rated as the most positive, with participants considering it as beneficial to well-being and something they actively sought out. In contrast, “isolation” was viewed as the least desirable. (这项研究显示，“个人时间”一直被认为是最积极的，参与者认为这对健康有益，是他们积极寻求的东西。相反，“孤立”被认为是最不可取的)”可知，从第一个研究中可以得出的结论是“孤立”被认为是最不可取的，由此可推知，独处的时间会影响情绪反应。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Additionally, participants in the “me-time” condition reported more positive beliefs about being alone after the session compared to their baseline beliefs, while those in the “isolation” condition showed no significant change. (此外，与基线信念相比，“自我时间”条件下的参与者在会议结束后报告了更多关于独处的积极信念，而“孤立”条件下的参与者没有显着变化)”可知，对独处的基本信念进行评分是为了追踪潜在的意见转变，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The studies, however, involved individuals that consisted primarily of adults and undergraduate students, limiting the generalizability of the findings across diverse populations. (然而，这些研究涉及的个体主要由成年人和大学生组成，限制了研究结果在不同人群中的普遍性)”可知，本研究的局限性是有限的参与者范围。故选B。 Passage 4 （2025·广东广州市·二模） Getting into arguments, whether with family or strangers online, can feel like debating with a wall. We are probably all guilty of thinking we’re right, even if we don’t have all the facts. This phenomenon called the “illusion of information adequacy” is detailed in a recent psychology study. “Interpersonal conflict is on the rise, driving increases in anger, anxiety and stress,” said Angus Fletcher, a neurophysiologist at the Ohio State University. “We wanted to look into those misunderstandings and see if they could be reduced.” Fletcher’s team surveyed 1,261 Americans online.Participants were divided into groups and given articles about a fictional factory. One group read only reasons for the factory to merge (合并) with another factory, another only reasons for staying separate, and a Control group read all the arguments.   They found that the majority of the groups who only read the pro- or anti-merging arguments believed they had enough information to make a good decision, and would follow the article’s recommendation, while about 55 and 45 percent of the control group recommended the factories merge or separate. The participants with the one-sided information also assumed that others would make the same decision they did. The team calls this belief the illusion of information adequacy, as Fletcher describes it, “The less our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs.” These findings add to research on naive realism, the belief that one’s subjective understanding is objective truth. While naive realism studies focus on different understandings of the same situation, Fletcher’s research shows people may share the same understanding, if given sufficient information.When the participants from the one-sided groups were asked to read all the arguments, some would change their minds. The mix of opinions was comparable to the control group - about 55 to 45 percent. “One of the best ways to fight the illusion of information adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to stop and ask, “Is there something I’m missing that would help me see their points better?’ This can help avoid unnecessary interpersonal conflict, allowing us to focus on working through key differences between ourselves and others,” said Fletcher. 1．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The academic background of Angus Fletcher. B．The cause and effect of interpersonal conflicts. C．The importance of reducing misunderstandings. D．The significance and purpose of Fletcher’s study. 2．What were all three groups asked to do during the study? A．Defend their own views. B．Discuss before making decisions. C．Read the assigned arguments. D．Recommend the best article. 3．What does Fletcher’s research find? A．People with the same information make similar decisions. B．People from the control group are better decision-makers. C．People less informed are more likely to change their minds. D．People with partial information overestimate their judgments. 4．What does Fletcher suggest people do when disagreeing with others? A．Work through key differences together. B．Check for extra facts to understand others. C．Stop arguing to avoid interpersonal conflict. D．Get more evidence to support their own point. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄亥俄州立大学的神经生理学家安格斯・弗莱彻（Angus Fletcher）的一项心理学研究，研究发现人们存在“信息充足的错觉”这一现象，即大脑知道的越少，就越自信自己知道了所有需要知道的东西，同时研究还表明当人们得到足够的信息时，可能会有相同的理解，并且弗莱彻给出了应对“信息充足的错觉”的建议。 1．主旨大意题。根据第二段““Interpersonal conflict is on the rise, driving increases in anger, anxiety and stress,” said Angus Fletcher, a neurophysiologist at the Ohio State University. “We wanted to look into those misunderstandings and see if they could be reduced.”(俄亥俄州立大学的神经生理学家安格斯・弗莱彻说：“人际冲突在增加，导致愤怒、焦虑和压力加剧。我们想调查这些误解，看看是否可以减少它们)”可知，本段先说明了人际冲突增加带来的不良影响，这体现了研究的意义，接着表明了想要调查并减少误解的目的，可推理出第二段主要讲的是弗莱彻研究的意义和目的。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Participants were divided into groups and given articles about a fictional factory. One group read only reasons for the factory to merge (合并) with another factory, another only reasons for staying separate, and a Control group read all the arguments. (参与者被分成小组，并得到了关于一个虚构工厂的文章。一组只阅读了该工厂与另一家工厂合并的理由，另一组只阅读了保持独立的理由，而对照组阅读了所有的论点)”可知，这三组都被要求阅读关于虚构工厂的文章，但阅读的是所分配给的相关论点，故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“They found that the majority of the groups who only read the pro- or anti-merging arguments believed they had enough information to make a good decision, and would follow the article’s recommendation, while about 55 and 45 percent of the control group recommended the factories merge or separate. The participants with the one-sided information also assumed that others would make the same decision they did. (他们发现，大多数只阅读了支持或反对合并论点的小组认为他们有足够的信息做出一个好的决定，并且会遵循文章的建议，而对照组中约55%和45%的人建议工厂合并或分开。拥有片面信息的参与者也认为其他人会做出和他们一样的决定)”以及第五段“The team calls this belief the illusion of information adequacy, as Fletcher describes it, “The less our brain knows, the more confident it is that it knows all it needs.”(研究小组称这种信念为“信息充足的错觉”，正如弗莱彻所描述的那样，“我们的大脑知道的越少，就越自信自己知道了所有需要知道的东西)”可知，只获得片面信息的人认为自己有足够信息做决定，还认为别人也会和自己做同样的决定，可推理出得到部分信息的人高估了自己的判断。故选D项。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段““One of the best ways to fight the illusion of information adequacy when disagreeing with someone is to stop and ask, “Is there something I’m missing that would help me see their points better?’ This can help avoid unnecessary interpersonal conflict, allowing us to focus on working through key differences between ourselves and others,” said Fletcher. (弗莱彻说：“当与某人意见不一致时，对抗“信息充足的错觉”的最佳方法之一是停下来问问自己，“是否有我遗漏的东西可以帮助我更好地理解他们的观点？”这可以帮助避免不必要的人际冲突，让我们专注于解决自己和他人之间的关键分歧)”可知，当与他人意见不一致时，弗莱彻建议人们检查是否有额外的事实来理解他人。故选B项。 主题 03 人与社会 —— 社会服务与人际沟通 Passage 1 （2025·广东佛山市·二模） If you are an enthusiastic reader, you may not have enough room to store all the books you read. And the cost of buying books keeps rising. Now there is a perfect solution in the UK: Bookloop. It is an online buy-back project in partnership with existing booksellers, where readers can trade books they have already read for credit or more pre-owned books. Readers can scan (扫描) and upload their books to an online valuation system, and then drop them off at a collection point or have them picked up from their own home, in exchange for credit to be used on other books. Readers must sell at least £5 worth of books to take part. Eric Gagnaire, co-founder of Bookloop, said, “By giving books a second life, we are not only reducing waste but also building a community of readers who value sustainability and support bookshops.” Bookbag, a bookseller that has joined the program, describes it as “a social space” that gathers a global range of fiction and non-fiction writing. “We’re glad to see this program, which feels well-thought-through and a great way of repurposing books and helping sustain bookshops and new book purchase,” they said. Authors will also benefit from the program, as royalties from these secondhand book sales will be redistributed through a shared author fund. Reception to the launch of Bookloop hasn’t been universally positive, however. Some secondhand booksellers like Patrick Kelly, owner of Bookmongers in Brixton, raise concerns about how many books will actually be sold on to readers. Kelly argued that most secondhand books should be recycled. “They are either no longer relevant, overly produced, or are left in bad condition,” he said. In response, Bookloop stated that only 2% of collected books end up not being resold-most of the unsold books are donated to local charities, with less than 0.5% recycled. “Getting pre-owned books to new readers while benefiting both bookshops and authors feels extremely positive,” said Gagnaire. “It’s a really sustainable way of getting books into the hands of more people, without cost being a barrier.” 1．What is a requirement for readers to participate in Bookloop? A．Trading their credit for new books. B．Selling used books worth £5 or more. C．Dropping off their books at a local library. D．Uploading personal information to the system. 2．What does Bookbag think of Bookloop? A．It is a win-win initiative. B．It boosts interest in reading. C．It is a well-planned book fair. D．It encourages authors to write. 3．Why is Patrick Kelly mentioned? A．To clarify a misunderstanding. B．To suggest a brand-new resolution. C．To present a contrasting viewpoint. D．To highlight an unusual phenomenon. 4．What can be the best title for the text? A．The Rise of Secondhand Book Trading B．Reducing Waste, Building a Reputation C．Bookloop: A Second Life for Used Books D．Innovating Reading: The Bookloop Initiative 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了英国一个名为Bookloop的在线图书回购项目。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Readers must sell at least £5 worth of books to take part.(参加活动的读者必须卖出至少价值5英镑的书)”可知，读者参与Bookloop的要求是出售价值5英镑或以上的旧书。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中““We’re glad to see this program, which feels well-thought-through and a great way of repurposing books and helping sustain bookshops and new book purchase,” they said.  Authors will also benefit from the program, as royalties from these secondhand book sales will be redistributed through a shared author fund.(他们说：“我们很高兴看到这个项目，它感觉是经过深思熟虑的，是重新利用书籍、帮助维持书店和新书购买的好方法。”作者也将从该计划中受益，因为这些二手书销售的版税将通过共享作者基金重新分配)”可知，Bookbag认为Bookloop项目是一个双赢的举措，既重新利用了书籍，又帮助维持了书店的运营和促进了新书的购买。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Reception to the launch of Bookloop hasn’t been universally positive, however.  Some secondhand booksellers like Patrick Kelly, owner of Bookmongers in Brixton, raise concerns about how many books will actually be sold on to readers.(然而，并不是所有人都对Bookloop的推出持积极态度。布里克斯顿Bookmongers的老板Patrick Kelly等一些二手书商担心，到底有多少书会卖给读者)”可推知，文章提到Patrick Kelly是为了呈现一个与Bookloop项目积极评价相对比的观点，即有人对二手书的销售数量表示担忧。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Now there is a perfect solution in the UK: Bookloop. It is an online buy-back project in partnership with existing booksellers, where readers can trade books they have already read for credit or more pre-owned books.(现在英国有了一个完美的解决方案：Bookloop。这是一个与现有书商合作的在线回购项目，读者可以用他们已经读过的书换取信用或更多的二手书)”可知，文章主要介绍了英国的一个在线二手书回购项目Bookloop，该项目旨在通过给书籍第二次生命来减少浪费，并建立一个重视可持续性和支持书店的读者社区，C选项“Bookloop: A Second Life for Used Books(Bookloop：二手书的第二次生命)”能很好地概括文章主要内容，是文章的最佳标题。故选C。 Passage 2 （2026·广东清远市·二模） Indoor gardening offers all the same benefits as a garden in the ground outside. Namely, fresh food and a low environmental impact. But not everyone has the natural space for a garden, which is where indoor planting comes in for the win. While there are many systems and techniques you can apply inside the home, PICO stands out as a flexible option that you can place anywhere and still achieve growing success. Most indoor plants need to be located near a window for light. Often this means taking up limited tabletop or bookcase space. PICO is different because, while setting it on a tabletop is an option, it can also be fixed to many other surfaces, such as a refrigerator or desk, wall, windows, mirrors, etc. There are also three color options to match nearly any decoration. The unit comes fully put together. All you have to do is add a bit of soil and a few of your favorite seeds. Watering is stable and consistent with a water tank and easy-fill opening. A transparent (透明的) window in the front allows you to easily see when more water is needed, typically about once each week. From there, the system automatically draws water from the tank through the soil, using an on-demand system that refills water as the soil dries out. With location and watering figured out, the last major component for successful indoor growth is proper lighting. PICO is equipped with a multi-spectrum (多光谱) growing light that conveniently extends from the planter design. As your plant grows, the light extends up to one foot higher for consistent light. While PICO is not intended to provide large quantities of food, its automatic functions and flexible placement make it an option for growing readily available vegetables and visually pleasing mini flowers. PICO is currently trending on a Kickstarter crowdfunding campaign that will close on May 17th. To support this innovative indoor gardening solution, interested customers can back the project now. Shipments are expected to begin immediately after the campaign concludes. 1．What distinguishes PICO from other indoor gardening systems? A．It allows for soilless growing. B．It offers large-quantity production. C．It permits various positioning options. D．It guarantees a low environmental impact. 2．What information is provided by PICO’s front window? A．Seed condition. B．Water-filling time. C．Plant-growth rate. D．Soil nutrient amount. 3．What is special about PICO’s lighting system? A．It can change colors. B．It depends on the sun. C．It can be adjusted in height. D．It is removable from the planter. 4．What is the main purpose of this text? A．To show how to use PICO. B．To present PICO’s special features. C．To attract buyers for a new product. D．To explain indoor gardening’s popularity. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了室内种植设备PICO，它安装位置多样、组装及浇水便捷，光照系统可随植物生长高度进行调节，是爱好园艺的空间有限者的不二选择。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“PICO stands out as a flexible option that you can place anywhere(PICO作为一种灵活的选择脱颖而出，你可以将它放置在任何地方) ”以及第二段中的“PICO is different because, while setting it on a tabletop is an option, it can also be fixed to many other surfaces, such as a refrigerator or desk, wall, windows, mirrors, etc.( PICO的不同之处在于，虽然可以将其安装在桌面上，但它也可以固定在许多其他表面，如冰箱或桌子、墙壁、窗户、镜子等。)”可知，PICO可以安装在室内多种位置，这使它在室内园艺系统中脱颖而出。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A transparent (透明的) window in the front allows you to easily see when more water is needed, typically about once each week.( 前面有一个透明的窗口，你可以很容易地看到什么时候需要更多的水，通常是每周一次。)”可知，透明窗口能让人们轻易看到什么时候需要更多水，也就是告知加水时间。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ PICO is equipped with a multi-spectrum growing light that conveniently extends from the planter design. As your plant grows, the light extends up to one foot higher for consistent light(PICO 配备了一个多光谱生长灯，它可以从种植器上延伸出来。随着你的植物生长，灯光可向上延伸一英尺，以提供持续稳定的光照)”可知，PICO配备的多光谱生长灯可随着植物生长升高，即它的高度可以调节。故选C。 4．推理判断题。文章主体部分详细介绍了 PICO的三个特殊功能：第二段介绍了其位置灵活性(“it can also be fixed to many other surfaces”)，第三段详述了自动浇水系统(“the system automatically draws water from the tank”)，第四段描述了可调节照明设计(“the light extends up to one foot higher”)。这些内容占据了文章约80%的篇幅，表明作者的主要目的是展示PICO的特殊功能特点。故选B。 Passage 3 （2025·广东佛山市·二模） Wildfires are getting worse across the world. Twenty-one years of satellite data shows severe fires have more than doubled in frequency since 2003 and the six most extreme years since records began have come since 2017, causing more deaths and destruction. One European Union (EU) pilot program, the Life Landscape Fire Project (LLFP), is now using hungry mountain goats to prevent wildfires before they start. It involves a combination of controlled fires and hungry goats grazing (吃草) to reduce plant cover that can dry up in summer and fuel the rapid spread of fires. Controlled fires help burn older plants that goats don’t eat, allowing fresh green vegetation to grow which grazers like goats and cows do eat. The experimental project pays shepherds (牧羊人) to guide their goats to areas where they want the plant cover reduced, and they also build shelters and watering areas to attract free grazers to the desired spots. That’s how mountain goats and cows become mobile fire prevention units. LLFP director Andre Mota oversees this EU-funded project. “We are in one of the most affected regions by wildfires, historically speaking,” said Mota. “Last September we had a wildfire with extreme behavior that burned almost everything in its path. But our parcels managed to keep green.” A video from Mota showed that one half of the mountain was black and burned and the other green, the parts which controlled fires and hungry goats had made unlikely to burn. “We believe this proves that, when scaled up from a pilot project to a full solution, it works,” he added. The sound of goat bells rings out as the goats move peacefully on their way, offering hope in a region directly in the path of climate chaos. 1．What do we know about the LLFP? A．It protects mountain goats. B．It employs integrated methods. C．It has been conducted across Europe. D．It wins shepherds’ unconditional support. 2．What does the underlined words “the desired spots” refer to? A．Free grazers’ favorite destinations. B．Places far from shepherds’ activities. C．Spots with abundant water resources. D．Areas in need of vegetation reduction. 3．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The influence of wildfires. B．The effectiveness of the LLFP. C．The challenges faced by the LLFP. D．The importance of preventing fires. 4．What message is conveyed in the last paragraph? A．Goats stand as a symbol of peace. B．Goats ring the alarm for quick action. C．Goats provide hope for wildfire prevention. D．Goats offer an ideal solution to climate change. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球野火情况日益恶化，欧盟的生命景观火灾项目(LLFP)采用控制燃烧和让山羊吃草等综合方法来预防野火，且成效显著。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“It involves a combination of controlled fires and hungry goats grazing (吃草) to reduce plant cover that can dry up in summer and fuel the rapid spread of fires. (它包括控制燃烧和让饥饿的山羊吃草相结合，以减少夏季可能干涸并助长火势迅速蔓延的植被覆盖)”可知，LLFP采用了包括控制燃烧和让饥饿的山羊吃草相结合的综合方法。故选B项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句中“The experimental project pays shepherds (牧羊人) to guide their goats to areas where they want the plant cover reduced, and they also build shelters and watering areas to attract free grazers to the desired spots. (这个实验项目付钱给牧羊人，让他们把山羊带到他们希望减少植被覆盖的地区，他们还建造庇护所和饮水区，以吸引自由放牧的动物到他们想要的地方)”中“guide their goats to areas where they want the plant cover reduced”可推知，他们想要把山羊引导到需要减少植被覆盖的地区，所以“the desired spots”指的是“需要减少植被覆盖的地区”。故选D项。 3．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“‘Last September we had a wildfire with extreme behavior that burned almost everything in its path. But our parcels managed to keep green.’ A video from Mota showed that one half of the mountain was black and burned and the other green, the parts which controlled fires and hungry goats had made unlikely to burn. ‘We believe this proves that, when scaled up from a pilot project to a full solution, it works,’ he added. (‘去年9月，我们经历了一场极端行为的野火，几乎烧毁了所到之处的一切。但我们的区域设法保持了绿色。’莫塔提供的一段视频显示，山的一半$