Unit 7 The value of money（知识清单）英语新教材冀教版八年级下册

Unit 7 The value of money 单词 bedroom /'bedru:m/ n. 卧室 collection /kə'lekʃn/ n. 收藏品；作品集 stamp /stæmp/ n. 邮票；印；印记 shell /ʃel/ n. 贝壳；壳；壳体 currency /'kʌrənsi/ n. 货币 spade /speɪd/ n. 锄；铲 BCE / bi: si:'i:/ abbr. (=before the Common Era) 公元前 coin /kɔɪn/ n. 金属货币；硬币 dynasty /'dɪnəsti/ n. 朝代 trading /'treɪdɪŋ/ n. 交易；贸易 digital /'dɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字式的；数码的 patent /'pætnt;peɪtnt/ n. 专利；专利证书 /'peɪtnt/ adj. 有专利的 transfer /'trænsfɜː(r)/ n. 转让；转移 female /'fi:meɪl/ adj. 女性的；雌的 paratrooper /'pærətru:pə(r)/ n. 空降兵 husband /'hʌzbənd/ n. 丈夫 medical /'medɪkl/ adj. 医学的；医疗的 prescription /prɪ'skrɪpʃn/ n. 处方；药方 military /'mɪlətri/ adj.军事的；军队的 uniform /'ju:nɪfɔːm/ n.制服；统一服装 adj.一致的 savings /'seɪvɪŋz/ n.存款 exchange /ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ/ n.&v.交换；交流 trade /treɪd/ v.交换；交易 n.交易；贸易 afford /ə'fɔːd/ v.买得起；承担得起 achieve /ə'tʃiːv/ v.达到；完成 goal /gəʊl/ n.目标；目的；球门 college /'kɒlɪdʒ/ n.大学；学院 peace /piːs/ n.和平；安静 wisely /'waɪzli/ adv.聪明地；明智地 responsibly /rɪ'spɒnsəbli/ adv.认真负责地；明事理地；可信赖地 grateful /'greɪtfl/ adj.感激的 sale /seɪl/ n.特价销售；销售；销售量 cotton /'kɒtn/ n.棉；棉花；棉织物 blouse /blaʊz/ n.（女士）衬衫 disappointed /ˌdɪsə'pɔɪntɪd/ adj.失望的 expensive /ɪk'spensɪv/ adj.昂贵的 price /praɪs/ n.价格；代价 v.给······定价；标价 curious /'kjʊəriəs/ adj.求知欲强的；好奇的 patiently /'peɪʃntli/ adv.耐心地 desire /dɪ'zaɪə(r)/ v.渴望；期望 n.愿望；渴望；欲望 manage /'mænɪdʒ/ v.明智地使用（金钱、时间、信息等）；管理 decision /dɪ'sɪʒn/ n.决定；抉择 none /nʌn/ pron.没有一个；毫无 pocket /'pɒkɪt/ n.口袋 cent /sent/ n.分；分币 violin /ˌvaɪə'lɪn/ n.小提琴 population /ˌpɒpju'leɪʃn/ n.人口 standard /'stændəd/ adj.（符合）标准的 n.标准，规范 unit /'juːnɪt/ n.单位；单元 短语 1.从······开始 start with 2.呈刀或铲形状的 in the shape of a knife or spade 3.后来 later on 4.圆形方孔币 round coins with a square hole in the centre 5. 使交易更加方便 make trading much easier 6. 数字货币 digital currency 7.实现某人的梦想 realise one's dream 8. 专利转让 patent transfers 9. 中国首位女空降兵 China's first female paratrooper 10. 全身心投入······ put one's heart into... 11. 中医药方 traditional Chinese medical prescriptions 12. 过着非常简朴的生活 live a very simple life 13.实现某人的目标 achieve one's goals 14.做出更好的决定make better decisions 句型 1.Visiting a history museum is a great way to learn more about ancient Chinese currency.参观历史博物馆是一种更深入地了解中国古代货币很好的方式。 2.It's important to make smart choices with our money.明智地选择如何花钱是很重要的。 3. By understanding the difference between needs and wants, she knew that she could make bett decisions about money.通过理解需求和欲望之间的区别，她知道自己可以在金钱方面做出好的决定了。 4.Let' s start with these stamps.我们先从这些邮票开始看吧。 5.Ma and her husband put their hearts into research.马旭和丈夫全身心投入研究。 6.Now, they live a very simple life in a small house in Wuhan.如今，他们在武汉的一个小房子里过着非常简朴的生活。 语法 1.that 和 which 引导的定语从句 一、知识点清单 知识点1： Thank you for showing me your collection,Grandpa Li! 李爷爷，谢谢您给我看您的收藏品！ (教材P86 ) collection /kə'lekʃn/ n. 收藏品；作品集 a collection of一批（收藏品） The painting comes from his private collection.这幅画来自他的私人收藏。 She has a collection of porcelain vases.她收藏了一批瓷花瓶。 拓展collect v.收集；采集 collection n.收藏品；收集物 collector n.收藏家；收集者 语境串记 The famous collector has collected many things in the past fifty years. His collections are priceless. 这位著名的收藏家在过去的五十年里收集了很多东西。他的收藏品价值连城。 知识点2：Let' s start with these stamps.我们先从这些邮票开始看吧。 (教材P86 ) start with从……开始 其反义短语为end with“以……结尾/结束”。 In school, they probably teach you to start with an introduction and end with a conclusion.在学校里，他们很可能教你以介绍开始，以结论结束。 拓展 (1) start…with…意为“以……开始……”。 The speaker started his speech with a short story.这位演讲者以一个短故事开始他的演讲。 (2)to start with意为“起初，开始时”。 I was a bit nervous to start with, but I soon got used to it.我起初有点紧张，但很快便习惯了。 stamp /stæmp/ n. 邮票；印；印记 (1)[可数名词]邮票 collect stamps集邮 stamp album 集邮册 As a stamp lover, Xiao Ning has collected plenty of special stamps over these years.作为一名邮票爱好者，小宁这些年收集了许多特别的邮票。（2025眉山中考） (2)[可数名词]印；印记 The office worker used a date stamp to mark today' s date on all the new documents. 办公室职员用日期戳在所有新文件上标注了今天的日期。 拓展[动词]跺（脚）；重踩 I tried stamping my feet to keep warm.我跺了一阵脚想暖和暖和。 知识点3：Some ancient money was in the shape of a knife or spade.有些古代货币是刀或铲形状的。 (教材P86) in the shape of ……形状的 shape 作名词，意为“形状”。 out of shape 变形的 Mooncakes are in the shape of a full moon on the Mid-Autumn night.月饼呈中秋夜满月的形状。 Clouds of different shapes in the sky attract his attention.天空中各种形状的云引起了他的注意。 shape[及物动词]使成为……形状；塑造；决定……的形成；影响……的发展 I like shaping the sand into different objects.我喜欢把沙子堆成不同物体的形状。 You are helping to shape the future of this country.你正在帮助塑造这个国家的未来。 知识点4：In 221 BCE, Qinshihuang introduced round coins with a square hole in the centre.公元前221年，秦始皇推行圆形方孔币。(教材P86) introduce v.推行；实施，采用 相当于 bring sth. in。 We are going to introduce a few changes to the system.我们打算对该制度进行一些改革。 Psychologists first introduced the term in the early 1990s.心理学家于20 世纪90年代初期首次使用这个术语。 coin /kɔɪn/ n.金属货币；硬币 当表示具体的硬币枚数时，为可数名词；当表示硬币的统称时，为不可数名词。 He likes collecting coins.他喜欢收集硬币。coin 硬币 为可数名词 You can pay me in coin.你可以付我硬币。 coin 硬币的统称，为不可数名词 the other side of the coin 事情的另一面 two sides of the same coin 同一事物的两个方面 谚语 Every coin has two sides.凡事都有两面性。 知识点5：Later on, round coins became the main type of money.后来，圆形钱币成为主要的货币类型。 (教材P86) later on 后来 常用来描述在当前对话涉及的时间点之后发生的动作或情况，可位于句首、句中或句末。 I'm busy now, but I can help you later on.我现在很忙，但之后我可以帮你。 Later on, he found out he made a small mistake in his homework.后来，他发现自己的作业里有个小错误。 not/ no later than 不晚于……,不迟于…… Please arrive no later than 8 o' clock.请在8 点之前到达。 知识点6：We use digital currency more and more.我们越来越多地使用数字货币。(教材P86) digital /'dɪdʒɪtl/ adj.数字式的；数码的 digital media 数字媒体 a digital platform 数字平台 a digital camera 数码相机 Maybe all film and video production would go digital.或许所有电影和视频制作都将数字化。 I want a digital camera as my birthday present. 我想要一部数码相机作为生日礼物。 知识点7：After many years of hard learning and training, she became China's first female paratrooper in 1961.经过多年的刻苦学习和训练，1961年，她成为中国首位女空降兵。(教材P88 ) female /'fiːmeɪl/ adj.女性的；雌的 其对应词是male“男性的；雄的” Over half of the staff in this company are female.这家公司半数以上的员工是女性。 There are three male leads in the film.这部电影中有三个男主角。 拓展[可数名词]女子 复数形式为females. The club welcomes both males and females who are interested in outdoor sports.该俱乐部欢迎所有对户外运动感兴趣的男性和女性。 知识点8：Ma and her husband put their hearts into research.马旭和丈夫全身心投入研究。(教材P88) husband /'hʌzbənd/ n. 丈夫 其对应词为wife“妻子”。 I now pronounce you husband and wife.我现在宣布你们成为夫妻。 put one's heart into... 全身心投入…… If you put your heart into your studies, you will make great progress soon.如果你全身心投入学业，很快就会取得很大进步。 拓展与heart相关的其他常见短语： break one' s heart使某人很难过；使心碎 from the (bottom of one's) heart真诚地；从内心（深处） lose heart丧失信心；泄气 by heart单凭记忆；能背诵 知识点9：Now, they live a very simple life in a small house in Wuhan.如今，他们在武汉的一个小房子里过着非常简朴的生活。 (教材P88) live a(n) ... life过着……生活 相当于lead a(n) ... life. Everybody wants to live/ lead a happy life.每个人都想过幸福的生活。 Many young people have been living a low-carbon life.许多年轻人已经过上了低碳生活。 知识点10：Ma has also developed many traditional Chinese medical prescriptions.马旭还研制出了许多中医药方。 (教材P88 ) medical /'medɪkl/ adj. 医学的；医疗的讲 通常在名词前作定语。其名词形式为medicine（药；医学）。 medical help 医疗救助 medical care 医疗服务 medical research 医学研究 They provided her with the best medical care.他们为她提供了最好的医疗服务。 语境串记 Many people there need medical help, so Jim is goingto study Chinese medicine in a medical college when he grows up.那里的许多人都需要医疗救助，所以吉姆打算长大后在一所医学院学习中医。 知识点11：They usually wear their military uniforms.他们通常穿着军装。 (教材P88 ) uniform /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ n. 制服；统一服装adj.一致的 ①n.制服；校服 Alice, you must wear a uniform because it builds school spirit.爱丽丝，你必须穿校服，因为这可以增强校风。 ②n.统一服装 All employees must wear the company uniform during work hours.所有员工在工作时间必须穿着公司的统一 服装。 ③adj.一致的 The temperature in this greenhouse stay s uniform all year round.这个温室里的温度全年保持一致。 知识点12： It means we can trade it for goods and services.它意味着我们可以用它来换取商品和服务。 (教材P90) (1)[动词]交换；交易 trade sth. with sb.与某人交换某物 trade sth. for sth.用一物换另一物 We both like to collect storybooks and we often trade our books. 我们两个都喜欢收集故事书，而且我们经常交换我们的书。 Can I trade stamps with you? 我可以和你交换邮票吗？ She traded her poster for his CD.她以海报换取他的激光唱片。 (2)[名词]交易；贸易 The trade from China to the West helped to spread the popularity of tea.中西方的贸易往来促进了茶叶的普及。 知识点13：Without money, it would be hard to afford those things.没有金钱，就很难买得起这些东西。 (教材P90) afford /ə'fɔːd/ v. 买得起；承担得起讲 常用在can、could、be able to等之后。 afford sth.买得起某物 afford to do sth.负担得起做某事 Tom can't afford the violin because it's too expensive.汤姆买不起那把小提琴，因为它太贵了。 I hope I can afford to buy a big house one day.我希望有一天我能买得起一所大房子。 知识点14：Money also helps us achieve our goals,like going to college or travelling.金钱还能帮助我们实现目标，比如上大学或者旅行。(教材P90 ) achieve /ə'tʃiːv/ v. 达到；完成 (1)[及物动词]（经过努力）达到 To our surprise, the film Ne Zha 2 has achieved such a huge success.令我们惊讶的是，电影《哪吒2》取得了如此大的成功。 辨析achieve与come true achieve及物动词，其主语通常是人，宾语通常为表示目标、目的、地位等的词 come true 不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语，其主语一般是表示愿望、梦想等的词 achieve one's dream =realise one's dream =make one's dreamcome true,意为“实现某人的梦想”。 语境串记 In order to achieve his goal of becoming a basketballplayer, he made every effort. After years of hardtraining, his dream came true.为了实现成为一名篮球运动员的目标，他尽了一切努力。经过几年的艰苦训练，他的梦想实现了。 (2)[及物动词]完成 I haven't achieved very much today.我今天没做成多少事。 拓展[不及物动词]成功 We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.我们希望所有的学生在自己选择的专业领域内都能有所成就。 goal /gəʊll/ n. 目标；目的；球门 (1) 目标；目的 set a goal确立目标 reach/ achieve one's goal达到某人的目标 (2) a short-term/ long-term goal短期/长期目标 语境串记 I set a short-term goal for the new term. To achieve my goal, I need to study hard and exercise much. 我为新学期确立了一个短期目标。为了实现我的目标，我需要努力学习并且多加锻炼。 (2)球门 He headed the ball into an open goal.他把球顶进了空门。 拓展[名词]射门；进球得分 get/ score a goal进球，得分 She scored twenty goals in her first season.她在第一个赛季就打进20球。 知识点15：Peace and friendship.和平与友谊。(教材P90) peace /piːs/ n. 和平；安静 peace的相关短语： world peace世界和平 in peace和平地；安宁地 at peace和平；安宁 We Chinese people are working hard for world peace.我们中国人民正在为世界和平而努力。 She lay back and enjoyed the peace of the summer evening.她躺着享受夏日傍晚的宁静。 I felt calm and at peace.我感到平静与安宁。 拓展 peace n.和平 peaceful adj.和平的 peacefully adv.和平地 知识点16 ：Always be grateful for what you have and share what you can.要始终对自己所拥有的心怀感激，并尽己所能去分享。(教材P90) be grateful for因为……而感激 I'm so grateful for all your help.我衷心感谢你的帮助。 拓展 be grateful to向……表示感激 We are very grateful to all those donors.我们非常感谢所有捐赠者。 二、语法点清单 that和which引导的定语从句 在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的词是关系代词和关系副词。本册先学习关系代词that和which。一般情况下，that既可以指人又可以指物；which指物。它们可以在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。例如： I don't like the people that get angry easily.我不喜欢容易生气的人。 Football is a game that/which is loved by most boys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。 She is not the girl (that) she was.她不再是以前那个女孩了。 This is the storybook (that/which) I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那本故事书。 1.只能用关系代词that而不用which的情况 ①当先行词是all、any、something、anything、everything、nothing、much、little、few、none等不定代词时。 Is there anything that you don't understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗? All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。 ②当先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰时。 My necklace is the only thing that is missing.我的项链是唯一丢失的东西。 This is the very pen that I'm looking for.这正是我正在找的那钢笔。 ③当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。 That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookstore.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。 The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们应该做的第一件事是弄点儿吃的。 ④当主句是以特殊疑问词 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the player that you like best? 你最喜欢的运动员是哪一位？ Who is the woman that is dancing in the park? 正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是谁？ ⑤有两个或两个以上的先行词，兼指人和物时。 The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很有名。 2. 只能用关系代词 which 而不用 that 的情况 ①先行词指物，且关系代词前面有介词时。 The house in which Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.鲁迅故居如今是一座博物馆。 ②引导非限制性定语从句（主句和从句之间用逗号隔开）时。 The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.这棵树有400年的历史了，在这里很有名。 ③先行词为 that 或 those 时。 What is that which he bought yesterday? 他昨天买的是什么？ 三、写作清单 金钱 1. 话题分析 本单元以"金钱的价值"为核心主题，围绕货币知识、金钱的意义、需求与欲望的区分及明智支配金钱等内容展开。 2. 写作内容 ①描述个人对压岁钱或零花钱的支配情况；②阐述对“正确金钱观”的理解；③提出合理使用金钱的建议。 3. 写作要点 ①How do you get your money? ②How do you spend your money? ③What is your opinion of money? 4. 写作思路提示 ①介绍零花钱的来源； ②讲述零花钱的使用规划； ③阐述理性花钱的看法与意义。 5. 写作步骤详解 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：介绍零花钱的来源；讲述零花钱的使用规划；阐述理性花钱的看法与意义 确定人称：第一人称单数（I /my） 注意事项：行文连贯，要点完整，用词简单贴合八年级水平，逻辑清晰 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构 开头段（第一段）：介绍自己零花钱的来源及获得原因 主体段（第二段）：分层介绍零花钱的分配与具体用途 结尾段（第三段）：表达观点，说明合理理财的重要性与好处 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：零花钱的来源 来源：get pocket money from parents/as a reward for good behavior and hard study/receive money from parents/daily reward/good manners/excellent grades/follow family rules等 要点二：零花钱的使用规划 储蓄：save half in money box/keep money in savings/save money等 用途：buy small gifts for friends/help people in need/buy school things/buy gifts for friends/help people in need/buy daily necessities/prepare birthday gifts/donate to poor people/spend money properly等 要点三：合理使用零花钱的意义 观点：use money wisely/not waste money/learn to manage money/form good spending habits/avoid wasting等 意义：learning to manage money well helps us grow into responsible people/improve self-management/become independent/develop good qualities等 6. 通用表达 开头万能句 Money is important in our daily life.金钱在我们日常生活中很重要。 Every student has some pocket money. But how should we spend it wisely?每个学生都有零花钱，但我们应该如何明智地花钱？ It’s necessary for us to learn how to use money properly.学会合理花钱对我们来说很有必要。 正确花钱的做法（中间核心句） We should spend money on useful things.我们应该把钱花在有用的东西上。 We can buy books, stationery and study materials with our pocket money.我们可以用零花钱买书、文具和学习资料。 It’s a good idea to save some money every month.每个月存一部分钱是个好习惯。 We can also help the poor or donate money to people in need.我们也可以帮助穷人，给有需要的人捐款。 Don’t waste money on expensive toys or useless snacks.不要把钱浪费在昂贵玩具和无用的零食上。 We should make a plan before spending money.花钱之前我们应该做好计划。 错误花钱的坏处 Spending money randomly is a bad habit.乱花钱是一个坏习惯。 If we buy too many snacks, it will be bad for our health.如果买太多零食，会对健康有害。 Wasting money will make us form bad values.浪费金钱会让我们养成错误的价值观。 结尾总结万能句 In a word, we should spend money in a smart and reasonable way.总之，我们要明智、合理地花钱。 Let us learn to manage our pocket money from now on.从现在起，让我们学会管理自己的零花钱。 We must treasure money and use it well.我们必须珍惜金钱，好好利用它。 加分短语 spend money wisely 明智花钱 pocket money 零花钱 save money 存钱 waste money 浪费钱 in need 有需要的 make a plan 制定计划 study materials 学习资料 form a good habit 养成好习惯 7. 范例作文 I usually get my pocket money from my parents every month. They give it to me as a reward for good behavior and hard study. I make a clear plan for my money every time. First, I save half of it in my money box. Next, I spend some on school things like pens and notebooks. I also use a little money to buy small gifts for my friends or help people in need. In my opinion, it is important to use pocket money wisely. We should not waste money. Learning to manage money well helps us grow into responsible people. 译文： 我每个月通常从父母那里拿到零花钱。他们把零花钱奖励给我，作为对我品行良好、学习努力的鼓励。 每次我都会为自己的零花钱制定清晰的规划。首先，我会把一半的钱存进存钱罐。其次，我会拿出一部分钱购买钢笔、笔记本等学习用品。我也会花一点小钱给朋友买小礼物，或是帮助有需要的人。 在我看来，明智地使用零花钱十分重要。我们不应该浪费金钱。学会合理理财，能帮助我们成长为有责任感的人。 8. 实战演练 作为一名初中生，为了让未来更美好，我们要合理规划学习，也要学会管理零花钱。请以“Invest（投资）in Yourself, Invest in the Future”（投资自己，投资未来）写一篇短文，谈谈你的学习计划和你的理财方法。（不少于80词） Invest in Yourself, Invest in the Future As middle school students, we are growing up. It is time for us to invest our time and money wisely. Both study plans and money management help us have a bright future. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In a word, investing in ourselves today means getting a better tomorrow. Let’s take action now! 【答案】例文： Invest in Yourself, Invest in the Future As middle school students, we are growing up. It is time for us to invest our time and money wisely. Both study plans and money management help us have a bright future. For study, I’ll take detailed notes and review them regularly to grasp knowledge better. I’ll also improve my English by reading more and practicing speaking to enhance my language skills comprehensively. For money management, I’ll spend pocket money wisely, only buying what I truly need and avoiding impulse purchases. I’ll develop a good habit of saving a part of it each month for future use. I’ll also compare prices before buying to avoid unnecessary expenses and make the most of my money. In a word, investing in ourselves today means getting a better tomorrow. Let’s take action now and pave the way for a truly prosperous future! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，用一般现在时和一般将来时为主 明确要点：学习计划（具体做法）、理财方法（具体做法） 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：词数不少于80词 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，表明投资时间和金钱对未来有帮助 主体段：分别介绍学习计划和理财方法 结尾段：总结观点，呼吁行动 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：学习计划 具体做法：take detailed notes/make a study timetable/review them regularly/preview new lessons/improve my English by reading more/learn by watching English movies/practicing speaking/join an English corner 作用效果：grasp knowledge better/get good grades/enhance my language skills comprehensively/improve my overall ability 要点二：理财方法 具体做法：spend pocket money wisely/make a budget/only buying what I truly need/distinguish between needs and wants/avoid impulse purchases/think twice before buying/develop a good habit of saving a part of it each month for future use/open a savings account/compare prices before buying/look for discounts 作用效果：avoid unnecessary expenses/save money/make the most of my money/use money reasonably 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 The value of money 单词 ________ /'bedru:m/ n. 卧室 ________ /kə'lekʃn/ n. 收藏品；作品集 ________/stæmp/ n. 邮票；印；印记 ________/ʃel/ n. 贝壳；壳；壳体 ________/'kʌrənsi/ n. 货币 ________/speɪd/ n. 锄；铲 ________/ bi: si:'i:/ abbr. (=before the Common Era) 公元前 ________/kɔɪn/ n. 金属货币；硬币 ________/'dɪnəsti/ n. 朝代 ________/'treɪdɪŋ/ n. 交易；贸易 ________/'dɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字式的；数码的 ________/'pætnt;peɪtnt/ n. 专利；专利证书 /'peɪtnt/ adj. 有专利的 ________/'trænsfɜː(r)/ n. 转让；转移 ________/'fi:meɪl/ adj. 女性的；雌的 ________/'pærətru:pə(r)/ n. 空降兵 ________/'hʌzbənd/ n. 丈夫 ________/'medɪkl/ adj. 医学的；医疗的 ________/prɪ'skrɪpʃn/ n. 处方；药方 ________/'mɪlətri/ adj.军事的；军队的 ________/'ju:nɪfɔːm/ n.制服；统一服装 adj.一致的 ________/'seɪvɪŋz/ n.存款 ________/ɪks'tʃeɪndʒ/ n.&v.交换；交流 ________/treɪd/ v.交换；交易 n.交易；贸易 _________/ə'fɔːd/ v.买得起；承担得起 ________/ə'tʃiːv/ v.达到；完成 ________/gəʊl/ n.目标；目的；球门 ________/'kɒlɪdʒ/ n.大学；学院 ________/piːs/ n.和平；安静 ________/'waɪzli/ adv.聪明地；明智地 ________/rɪ'spɒnsəbli/ adv.认真负责地；明事理地；可信赖地 ________/'greɪtfl/ adj.感激的 ________/seɪl/ n.特价销售；销售；销售量 ________/'kɒtn/ n.棉；棉花；棉织物 ________/blaʊz/ n.（女士）衬衫 ________/ˌdɪsə'pɔɪntɪd/ adj.失望的 ________/ɪk'spensɪv/ adj.昂贵的 ________/praɪs/ n.价格；代价 v.给······定价；标价 ________/'kjʊəriəs/ adj.求知欲强的；好奇的 ________/'peɪʃntli/ adv.耐心地 ________/dɪ'zaɪə(r)/ v.渴望；期望 n.愿望；渴望；欲望 ________/'mænɪdʒ/ v.明智地使用（金钱、时间、信息等）；管理 ________/dɪ'sɪʒn/ n.决定；抉择 ________/nʌn/ pron.没有一个；毫无 ________/'pɒkɪt/ n.口袋 ________/sent/ n.分；分币 ________/ˌvaɪə'lɪn/ n.小提琴 ________/ˌpɒpju'leɪʃn/ n.人口 ________/'stændəd/ adj.（符合）标准的 n.标准，规范 ________/'juːnɪt/ n.单位；单元 短语 1. 从······开始 ____________ 2. 呈刀或铲形状的 ____________ 3.后来 ____________ 4.圆形方孔币 ____________ 5. 使交易更加方便 ____________ 6. 数字货币 ____________ 7.实现某人的梦想 ____________ 8. 专利转让 ____________ 9. 中国首位女空降兵 ____________ 10. 全身心投入······ ____________ 11. 中医药方 ____________ 12. 过着非常简朴的生活____________ 13.实现某人的目标 ____________ 14.做出更好的决定 ____________ 句型 1._______ _______ _______ _______ is a great way to learn more about ancient Chinese currency.参观历史博物馆是一种更深入地了解中国古代货币很好的方式。 2._______ _______ _______ ______ smart choices with our money.明智地选择如何花钱是很重要的。 3. _______ _______ _______ _______ between needs and wants, she knew that she could make bett decisions about money.通过理解需求和欲望之间的区别，她知道自己可以在金钱方面做出好的决定了。 4.Let' s_______ ______ these stamps.我们先从这些邮票开始看吧。 5.Ma and her husband ______ ______ _____ ______ research.马旭和丈夫全身心投入研究。 6.Now, they_____ a very ______ _____ in a small house in Wuhan.如今，他们在武汉的一个小房子里过着非常简朴的生活。 语法 1.that 和 which 引导的定语从句 一、知识点清单 知识点1： Thank you for showing me your collection,Grandpa Li! 李爷爷，谢谢您给我看您的收藏品！ (教材P86 ) collection /kə'lekʃn/ n. 收藏品；作品集 a collection of一批（收藏品） The painting comes from his private collection.这幅画来自他的私人收藏。 She has a collection of porcelain vases.她收藏了一批瓷花瓶。 拓展collect v.收集；采集 collection n.收藏品；收集物 collector n.收藏家；收集者 语境串记 The famous collector has collected many things in the past fifty years. His collections are priceless. 这位著名的收藏家在过去的五十年里收集了很多东西。他的收藏品价值连城。 知识点2：Let' s start with these stamps.我们先从这些邮票开始看吧。 (教材P86 ) start with从……开始 其反义短语为end with“以……结尾/结束”。 In school, they probably teach you to start with an introduction and end with a conclusion.在学校里，他们很可能教你以介绍开始，以结论结束。 拓展 (1) start…with…意为“以……开始……”。 The speaker started his speech with a short story.这位演讲者以一个短故事开始他的演讲。 (2)to start with意为“起初，开始时”。 I was a bit nervous to start with, but I soon got used to it.我起初有点紧张，但很快便习惯了。 stamp /stæmp/ n. 邮票；印；印记 (1)[可数名词]邮票 collect stamps集邮 stamp album 集邮册 As a stamp lover, Xiao Ning has collected plenty of special stamps over these years.作为一名邮票爱好者，小宁这些年收集了许多特别的邮票。（2025眉山中考） (2)[可数名词]印；印记 The office worker used a date stamp to mark today' s date on all the new documents. 办公室职员用日期戳在所有新文件上标注了今天的日期。 拓展[动词]跺（脚）；重踩 I tried stamping my feet to keep warm.我跺了一阵脚想暖和暖和。 知识点3：Some ancient money was in the shape of a knife or spade.有些古代货币是刀或铲形状的。 (教材P86) in the shape of ……形状的 shape 作名词，意为“形状”。 out of shape 变形的 Mooncakes are in the shape of a full moon on the Mid-Autumn night.月饼呈中秋夜满月的形状。 Clouds of different shapes in the sky attract his attention.天空中各种形状的云引起了他的注意。 shape[及物动词]使成为……形状；塑造；决定……的形成；影响……的发展 I like shaping the sand into different objects.我喜欢把沙子堆成不同物体的形状。 You are helping to shape the future of this country.你正在帮助塑造这个国家的未来。 知识点4：In 221 BCE, Qinshihuang introduced round coins with a square hole in the centre.公元前221年，秦始皇推行圆形方孔币。(教材P86) introduce v.推行；实施，采用 相当于 bring sth. in。 We are going to introduce a few changes to the system.我们打算对该制度进行一些改革。 Psychologists first introduced the term in the early 1990s.心理学家于20 世纪90年代初期首次使用这个术语。 coin /kɔɪn/ n.金属货币；硬币 当表示具体的硬币枚数时，为可数名词；当表示硬币的统称时，为不可数名词。 He likes collecting coins.他喜欢收集硬币。coin 硬币 为可数名词 You can pay me in coin.你可以付我硬币。 coin 硬币的统称，为不可数名词 the other side of the coin 事情的另一面 two sides of the same coin 同一事物的两个方面 谚语 Every coin has two sides.凡事都有两面性。 知识点5：Later on, round coins became the main type of money.后来，圆形钱币成为主要的货币类型。 (教材P86) later on 后来 常用来描述在当前对话涉及的时间点之后发生的动作或情况，可位于句首、句中或句末。 I'm busy now, but I can help you later on.我现在很忙，但之后我可以帮你。 Later on, he found out he made a small mistake in his homework.后来，他发现自己的作业里有个小错误。 not/ no later than 不晚于……,不迟于…… Please arrive no later than 8 o' clock.请在8 点之前到达。 知识点6：We use digital currency more and more.我们越来越多地使用数字货币。(教材P86) digital /'dɪdʒɪtl/ adj.数字式的；数码的 digital media 数字媒体 a digital platform 数字平台 a digital camera 数码相机 Maybe all film and video production would go digital.或许所有电影和视频制作都将数字化。 I want a digital camera as my birthday present. 我想要一部数码相机作为生日礼物。 知识点7：After many years of hard learning and training, she became China's first female paratrooper in 1961.经过多年的刻苦学习和训练，1961年，她成为中国首位女空降兵。(教材P88 ) female /'fiːmeɪl/ adj.女性的；雌的 其对应词是male“男性的；雄的” Over half of the staff in this company are female.这家公司半数以上的员工是女性。 There are three male leads in the film.这部电影中有三个男主角。 拓展[可数名词]女子 复数形式为females. The club welcomes both males and females who are interested in outdoor sports.该俱乐部欢迎所有对户外运动感兴趣的男性和女性。 知识点8：Ma and her husband put their hearts into research.马旭和丈夫全身心投入研究。(教材P88) husband /'hʌzbənd/ n. 丈夫 其对应词为wife“妻子”。 I now pronounce you husband and wife.我现在宣布你们成为夫妻。 put one's heart into... 全身心投入…… If you put your heart into your studies, you will make great progress soon.如果你全身心投入学业，很快就会取得很大进步。 拓展与heart相关的其他常见短语： break one' s heart使某人很难过；使心碎 from the (bottom of one's) heart真诚地；从内心（深处） lose heart丧失信心；泄气 by heart单凭记忆；能背诵 知识点9：Now, they live a very simple life in a small house in Wuhan.如今，他们在武汉的一个小房子里过着非常简朴的生活。 (教材P88) live a(n) ... life过着……生活 相当于lead a(n) ... life. Everybody wants to live/ lead a happy life.每个人都想过幸福的生活。 Many young people have been living a low-carbon life.许多年轻人已经过上了低碳生活。 知识点10：Ma has also developed many traditional Chinese medical prescriptions.马旭还研制出了许多中医药方。 (教材P88 ) medical /'medɪkl/ adj. 医学的；医疗的讲 通常在名词前作定语。其名词形式为medicine（药；医学）。 medical help 医疗救助 medical care 医疗服务 medical research 医学研究 They provided her with the best medical care.他们为她提供了最好的医疗服务。 语境串记 Many people there need medical help, so Jim is goingto study Chinese medicine in a medical college when he grows up.那里的许多人都需要医疗救助，所以吉姆打算长大后在一所医学院学习中医。 知识点11：They usually wear their military uniforms.他们通常穿着军装。 (教材P88 ) uniform /ˈjuːnɪfɔːm/ n. 制服；统一服装adj.一致的 ①n.制服；校服 Alice, you must wear a uniform because it builds school spirit.爱丽丝，你必须穿校服，因为这可以增强校风。 ②n.统一服装 All employees must wear the company uniform during work hours.所有员工在工作时间必须穿着公司的统一 服装。 ③adj.一致的 The temperature in this greenhouse stay s uniform all year round.这个温室里的温度全年保持一致。 知识点12： It means we can trade it for goods and services.它意味着我们可以用它来换取商品和服务。 (教材P90) (1)[动词]交换；交易 trade sth. with sb.与某人交换某物 trade sth. for sth.用一物换另一物 We both like to collect storybooks and we often trade our books. 我们两个都喜欢收集故事书，而且我们经常交换我们的书。 Can I trade stamps with you? 我可以和你交换邮票吗？ She traded her poster for his CD.她以海报换取他的激光唱片。 (2)[名词]交易；贸易 The trade from China to the West helped to spread the popularity of tea.中西方的贸易往来促进了茶叶的普及。 知识点13：Without money, it would be hard to afford those things.没有金钱，就很难买得起这些东西。 (教材P90) afford /ə'fɔːd/ v. 买得起；承担得起讲 常用在can、could、be able to等之后。 afford sth.买得起某物 afford to do sth.负担得起做某事 Tom can't afford the violin because it's too expensive.汤姆买不起那把小提琴，因为它太贵了。 I hope I can afford to buy a big house one day.我希望有一天我能买得起一所大房子。 知识点14：Money also helps us achieve our goals,like going to college or travelling.金钱还能帮助我们实现目标，比如上大学或者旅行。(教材P90 ) achieve /ə'tʃiːv/ v. 达到；完成 (1)[及物动词]（经过努力）达到 To our surprise, the film Ne Zha 2 has achieved such a huge success.令我们惊讶的是，电影《哪吒2》取得了如此大的成功。 辨析achieve与come true achieve及物动词，其主语通常是人，宾语通常为表示目标、目的、地位等的词 come true 不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语，其主语一般是表示愿望、梦想等的词 achieve one's dream =realise one's dream =make one's dreamcome true,意为“实现某人的梦想”。 语境串记 In order to achieve his goal of becoming a basketballplayer, he made every effort. After years of hardtraining, his dream came true.为了实现成为一名篮球运动员的目标，他尽了一切努力。经过几年的艰苦训练，他的梦想实现了。 (2)[及物动词]完成 I haven't achieved very much today.我今天没做成多少事。 拓展[不及物动词]成功 We want all our students to achieve within their chosen profession.我们希望所有的学生在自己选择的专业领域内都能有所成就。 goal /gəʊll/ n. 目标；目的；球门 (1) 目标；目的 set a goal确立目标 reach/ achieve one's goal达到某人的目标 (2) a short-term/ long-term goal短期/长期目标 语境串记 I set a short-term goal for the new term. To achieve my goal, I need to study hard and exercise much. 我为新学期确立了一个短期目标。为了实现我的目标，我需要努力学习并且多加锻炼。 (2)球门 He headed the ball into an open goal.他把球顶进了空门。 拓展[名词]射门；进球得分 get/ score a goal进球，得分 She scored twenty goals in her first season.她在第一个赛季就打进20球。 知识点15：Peace and friendship.和平与友谊。(教材P90) peace /piːs/ n. 和平；安静 peace的相关短语： world peace世界和平 in peace和平地；安宁地 at peace和平；安宁 We Chinese people are working hard for world peace.我们中国人民正在为世界和平而努力。 She lay back and enjoyed the peace of the summer evening.她躺着享受夏日傍晚的宁静。 I felt calm and at peace.我感到平静与安宁。 拓展 peace n.和平 peaceful adj.和平的 peacefully adv.和平地 知识点16 ：Always be grateful for what you have and share what you can.要始终对自己所拥有的心怀感激，并尽己所能去分享。(教材P90) be grateful for因为……而感激 I'm so grateful for all your help.我衷心感谢你的帮助。 拓展 be grateful to向……表示感激 We are very grateful to all those donors.我们非常感谢所有捐赠者。 二、语法点清单 that和which引导的定语从句 在复合句中作定语的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的词是关系代词和关系副词。本册先学习关系代词that和which。一般情况下，that既可以指人又可以指物；which指物。它们可以在从句中作主语、表语或宾语。例如： I don't like the people that get angry easily.我不喜欢容易生气的人。 Football is a game that/which is loved by most boys.足球是大多数男孩都喜欢的运动。 She is not the girl (that) she was.她不再是以前那个女孩了。 This is the storybook (that/which) I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那本故事书。 1.只能用关系代词that而不用which的情况 ①当先行词是all、any、something、anything、everything、nothing、much、little、few、none等不定代词时。 Is there anything that you don't understand?你有什么不懂的地方吗? All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。 ②当先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰时。 My necklace is the only thing that is missing.我的项链是唯一丢失的东西。 This is the very pen that I'm looking for.这正是我正在找的那钢笔。 ③当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。 That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookstore.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。 The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们应该做的第一件事是弄点儿吃的。 ④当主句是以特殊疑问词 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时。 Which is the player that you like best? 你最喜欢的运动员是哪一位？ Who is the woman that is dancing in the park? 正在公园里跳舞的那位女士是谁？ ⑤有两个或两个以上的先行词，兼指人和物时。 The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很有名。 2. 只能用关系代词 which 而不用 that 的情况 ①先行词指物，且关系代词前面有介词时。 The house in which Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.鲁迅故居如今是一座博物馆。 ②引导非限制性定语从句（主句和从句之间用逗号隔开）时。 The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.这棵树有400年的历史了，在这里很有名。 ③先行词为 that 或 those 时。 What is that which he bought yesterday? 他昨天买的是什么？ 三、写作清单 金钱 1. 话题分析 本单元以"金钱的价值"为核心主题，围绕货币知识、金钱的意义、需求与欲望的区分及明智支配金钱等内容展开。 2. 写作内容 ①描述个人对压岁钱或零花钱的支配情况；②阐述对“正确金钱观”的理解；③提出合理使用金钱的建议。 3. 写作要点 ①How do you get your money? ②How do you spend your money? ③What is your opinion of money? 4. 写作思路提示 ①介绍零花钱的来源； ②讲述零花钱的使用规划； ③阐述理性花钱的看法与意义。 5. 写作步骤详解 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：介绍零花钱的来源；讲述零花钱的使用规划；阐述理性花钱的看法与意义 确定人称：第一人称单数（I /my） 注意事项：行文连贯，要点完整，用词简单贴合八年级水平，逻辑清晰 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构 开头段（第一段）：介绍自己零花钱的来源及获得原因 主体段（第二段）：分层介绍零花钱的分配与具体用途 结尾段（第三段）：表达观点，说明合理理财的重要性与好处 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：零花钱的来源 来源：get pocket money from parents/as a reward for good behavior and hard study/receive money from parents/daily reward/good manners/excellent grades/follow family rules等 要点二：零花钱的使用规划 储蓄：save half in money box/keep money in savings/save money等 用途：buy small gifts for friends/help people in need/buy school things/buy gifts for friends/help people in need/buy daily necessities/prepare birthday gifts/donate to poor people/spend money properly等 要点三：合理使用零花钱的意义 观点：use money wisely/not waste money/learn to manage money/form good spending habits/avoid wasting等 意义：learning to manage money well helps us grow into responsible people/improve self-management/become independent/develop good qualities等 6. 通用表达 开头万能句 Money is important in our daily life.金钱在我们日常生活中很重要。 Every student has some pocket money. But how should we spend it wisely?每个学生都有零花钱，但我们应该如何明智地花钱？ It’s necessary for us to learn how to use money properly.学会合理花钱对我们来说很有必要。 正确花钱的做法（中间核心句） We should spend money on useful things.我们应该把钱花在有用的东西上。 We can buy books, stationery and study materials with our pocket money.我们可以用零花钱买书、文具和学习资料。 It’s a good idea to save some money every month.每个月存一部分钱是个好习惯。 We can also help the poor or donate money to people in need.我们也可以帮助穷人，给有需要的人捐款。 Don’t waste money on expensive toys or useless snacks.不要把钱浪费在昂贵玩具和无用的零食上。 We should make a plan before spending money.花钱之前我们应该做好计划。 错误花钱的坏处 Spending money randomly is a bad habit.乱花钱是一个坏习惯。 If we buy too many snacks, it will be bad for our health.如果买太多零食，会对健康有害。 Wasting money will make us form bad values.浪费金钱会让我们养成错误的价值观。 结尾总结万能句 In a word, we should spend money in a smart and reasonable way.总之，我们要明智、合理地花钱。 Let us learn to manage our pocket money from now on.从现在起，让我们学会管理自己的零花钱。 We must treasure money and use it well.我们必须珍惜金钱，好好利用它。 加分短语 spend money wisely 明智花钱 pocket money 零花钱 save money 存钱 waste money 浪费钱 in need 有需要的 make a plan 制定计划 study materials 学习资料 form a good habit 养成好习惯 7. 范例作文 I usually get my pocket money from my parents every month. They give it to me as a reward for good behavior and hard study. I make a clear plan for my money every time. First, I save half of it in my money box. Next, I spend some on school things like pens and notebooks. I also use a little money to buy small gifts for my friends or help people in need. In my opinion, it is important to use pocket money wisely. We should not waste money. Learning to manage money well helps us grow into responsible people. 译文： 我每个月通常从父母那里拿到零花钱。他们把零花钱奖励给我，作为对我品行良好、学习努力的鼓励。 每次我都会为自己的零花钱制定清晰的规划。首先，我会把一半的钱存进存钱罐。其次，我会拿出一部分钱购买钢笔、笔记本等学习用品。我也会花一点小钱给朋友买小礼物，或是帮助有需要的人。 在我看来，明智地使用零花钱十分重要。我们不应该浪费金钱。学会合理理财，能帮助我们成长为有责任感的人。 8. 实战演练 作为一名初中生，为了让未来更美好，我们要合理规划学习，也要学会管理零花钱。请以“Invest（投资）in Yourself, Invest in the Future”（投资自己，投资未来）写一篇短文，谈谈你的学习计划和你的理财方法。（不少于80词） Invest in Yourself, Invest in the Future As middle school students, we are growing up. It is time for us to invest our time and money wisely. Both study plans and money management help us have a bright future. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In a word, investing in ourselves today means getting a better tomorrow. Let’s take action now! 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $