精品解析：上海市建平中学2024-2025学年第一学期高二年级开学考英语试题

建平中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级学生活动 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. 1. _________ the crises that humans are faced with is the ignorance of environmental issues. A. In B. For C. Among D. Like 2. _________ a certain degree, the time and effort _________ takes to plan and organize the games is way more than what people can imagine. A. On; that B. In; which C. To; it D. With; what 3. In _________ is celebrated as the first-rate resort. You will be entertained with _________ comfortable accommodation and friendly service. A. where; anything but B. which; none other than C. what; nothing but D. that; no more than 4. The room _________ 10 metres across and it can _________ a dedicated playroom for the two kids. A. is measured; serve as B. measures; serve as C. measures; be served as D. is measured; be served as 5. _________ is surprising to us is that Tom, for _________ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he was a native speaker. A. What; whom B. It; whose C. It; whom D. As; what 6. At the top of the hill _________ several cottages which overlook the wonderful view of the whole city. A. lied B. are lain C. lie D. lay 7. Word came _________ a free souvenir would be given to _________ comes first to the venue of the event. A. that; whoever B. when; who C. that; whomever D. where; no matter who 8. Her success is the living proof that _________ those around think of you will not necessarily influence _________ you become. A. /; how B. what; what C. that; how D. how; who 9. If you are to be successful in your start-up, you should stick to your budget, _________ I mean the whole expenses of it. A. for what B. in that C. but that D. by which 10. He had spent much of the summer holiday _________ himself to the scientific project. That’s _________ he own an award in the competition. A. devoting; how B. devoting; why C. devoted; why D. devoted; how 11. It was _________ great courage _________ the boy told his parents the truth that he had made a serious mistake. A. in; that B. /; when C. with; that D. by; when 12. _________ has been mentioned above, philosophers, _________ back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks, have given the area much thought and emphasis, and their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia. A. It; dated B. As; dated C. Which; dating D. As; dating 13. If you _________ choose to be a professional game player, chances are _________ you won’t be able to make your dream come true even if you work hard for it. A. will, / B. should; that C. must; that D. shall; / 14. _________ to the cause of football has rewarded the world-renowned coach with an enriched and fulfilled life. A. Committing himself B. Being committed himself C. Committed D. Committing 15. Unfortunately, the social and professional life is not structured in the way _________ facilitates face-to-face interaction _________ the effective group performance. A. that; underlining B. where; underlined C. /; underlining D. what; underlining 16. It is essential that a student _________ learn _________ what he has learnt from books is put into practice. A. should; that B. must; how C. /; how D. does; that 17. We had better put off interviewing the Olympic winner, for he is busy _________ for an international contest _________ in US next month. A. preparing; to be taken place B. to prepare; to take place C. to prepare; taking place D. preparing; to take place 18. It happened _________ heavily when he got there, but there were hundreds of eager fans who _________ for him. A. to rain; waiting B. to rain; had waited C. to be raining; were waiting D. to be raining; waiting 19. Don’t let yourself _________ easily into buying things you don’t need by ambush marketing seeking _________ shopping decision without tipping off the consumers about the manipulation. A. persuaded; influencing B. be persuaded; to influence C. be persuaded; influencing D. persuaded; to influence 20. Though she _________ to be an English teacher, Zhang Lu, the elegant woman translator often seen _________ beside officials, stood out for her excellent language skills when she graduated and was offered a job with the diplomatic service. A. intended; sit B. had intended; sit C. had intended; seated D. intended; sitting Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Clothes Are So Hard to Recycle? While most clothes with care will last for many years, changing fashions mean their lifespan is shortened by people’s changing tastes. Industry figures suggest modern clothing has a lifespan of two to ten years, with underwear and t-shirts lasting just one to two years ____21____ suits and coats lasting for four to six years. Globally just 12% of the material used for clothing ends up ____22____ (recycle). Compare that to paper, glass, and plastic bottles, ____23____, respectively, have recycling rates of 66%, 27% and 29%. It is clear that clothing lags behind. Much of the problem comes down to ____24____ our clothes are made from. The clothes are made from problematic blends of fibers, plastics and metals. For example, a typical pair of jeans is made from cotton fabrics and other components ____25____ ____26____ zips and buttons and is dyed (染色) using a range of dyes. This makes it hard ____27____ (separate) them so that they can be effectively recycled. Sorting textiles into different fibers and material types by hand is labor-intensive, slow, and requires a skilled workforce. Once sorted, the dyes that ____28____ (apply) to the fabrics need to be removed in order for fabrics to be reused. Currently, however, very few of the clothes that are sent to be recycled are actually turned into new clothing. As of 2015, less than 1% of used clothing was recycled in this way. While there ____29____ exist a healthy second-hand clothing market online, perhaps the most popular way of disposing of old clothes is simply to give them away so that they ____30____ find reuse through charity shops. However, clothes donations are being used as a way of simply passing on the textile waste problem to others. If we ever hope to make our clothing sustainable, ____31____ (fundamental) changes to the clothing industry will need to be made. Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. associated B. barely C. inspired D. matters E. maturing F. opposite G. reluctantly H. reminders I. stocked J. storing K. tended The Privilege of Mess At every wedding I have been to this past year, the event space has been decorated with family portraits — black-and-white photos of grandmothers and grandfathers, pictures of parents with giant smiles and 1970s hairstyles. As a child, I used to cry when looking at those ____32____, like jewelry passing from mother to daughter. But it was not until this past summer, when I was planning my own wedding, that I understood just why these kinds of items ____33____ so many complicated feelings. When my husband asked if we wanted to make a slideshow of our family photos for our own wedding, I realized that we ____34____ had any. Both my grandparents emigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s. They fell in love with each other and the country that took them in. Their lives changed once more as the Cuban Revolution began in 1953. Material comforts began to disappear. Eventually, their business and home were both shut down by the government. In 1968, after moving to the United States, my grandfather ____35____ to hoard. He would often find random items on the street and bring them home. My grandmother and my mother were more practical, ____36____ canned foods and socks. We saved everything. Today, when my mother comes to visit, she still brings bags full of useful items. A full cupboard, a house ____37____ with usable objects, is the ultimate expression of love. As a girl ____38____ in the United States, I was often exhausted by this explosion of items. Like many who are privileged enough not to have to worry about having basic things, I tended to admire the ____39____ — the empty spaces of yoga studios, the delightful feeling of sorting through a pile of stuff that I could abandon. A few months ago, when I visited home, I started to tidy up by going through the things that counted most to me. Objects filled with memories of person I once was, and a person that part of me always will be. I did not want to give any of it up. They say that we can appreciate the objects we used to love deeply just by saying goodbye to them. But for families that have experienced ____40____ giving up their dearest possessions, “putting things in order” is never going to be as simple as throwing them away. Everything they manage to hold on to ____41____ deeply. Everything is confirmation that they survived. III. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created something wild: a herd of cows floating on the sea. The Dutch husband-and-wife team’s experiment on ___42___ agriculture, called Floating Farm, can be found in the port of Rotterdam. The modernist structure houses 40 cows, who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day. ___43___ helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the ___44___ crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how and where they produce food. Floods, extreme heating, droughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the ___45___ system off balance. The race to ___46___ the constant attack of extreme weather has made the world of farming unrecognizable from what it was only decades ago. A team of scientists in Mexico is ___47___ wheat types that can adapt themselves to different climates, while Jack’s Solar Garden in Longmont, Colorado, is a testbed for the ___48___ method of solar farming. Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most climate-adaptive places in the world. Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% ___49___ sea level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but ___50___ attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn’t necessarily ___51___ in place. A former property developer with a background in engineering, Peter found the ___52___ for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery of fresh food to millions. The Wingerdens’ model is ripe for ___53___ — which is exactly what the Floating Farm’s team of 14 are working on now. Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of Haarlem and Arnhem. The new projects will ___54___ lessons learned from Floating Farm. “You need to build a house in order to know how to build a house,” Peter says. The biggest ___55___ he sees ahead, however, are not financial or physical, but rather political and administrative. “One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations. Cities need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments, and cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the ___56___ zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says. “We are disruptive.” 42. A. intensive B. sustainable C. organic D. local 43. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Due to 44. A. economic B. energy C. political D. climate 45. A. security B. transport C. food D. water 46. A. outsmart B. document C. prioritize D. prevent 47. A. conserving B. unlocking C. transferring D. varying 48. A. emerging B. conventional C. established D. renewed 49. A. above B. on C. below D. beyond 50. A. economical B. controversial C. necessary D. adventurous 51. A. abandoned B. located C. spotted D. stuck 52. A. mechanism B. inspiration C. application D. defect 53. A. manufacture B. reproduction C. evaluation D. examination 54. A. revise B. uncover C. downplay D. apply 55. A. obstacles B. potentials C. possibilities D. lessons 56. A. innovative B. mainstream C. experimental D. distinct Section B Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) IN DEVILS LAKE, North Dakota, a man named Ray is making a batch of watermelon moonshine, a ruby-red alcoholic liquid. The copper still he makes it in is in his garage. Officially, he claims the set-up is just for distilling (蒸馏) water and hand-sanitiser (洗手液). For over a century it has been illegal to make spirits at home in America. In December the Competitive Enterprise Institute, representing hobbyists determined to make bourbon in backyards, challenged the ban in court. It argued that the government’s prohibition amounted to overreach. The government’s lawyers insisted that the federal powers to tax and regulate interstate commerce justified it. On July 10th a judge in Fort Worth, Texas, declared the law unconstitutional, saying the defence “missed the maker’s mark”. The spirited ruling has not gone into effect and may yet be appealed against. But in the meantime liquor-lovers are celebrating their first win a decade-long fight. Hobbyists say distilling is a pastime as baseball or baking apple pie-and believe that banning it violates the freedom to be particularly patriotic. According to Reid Mitenbuler, author of “Bourbon Empire”, whiskey was so important at the country’s founding that it became “the frontier’s factual currency, knitting together America’s early economy”. It was not until 1868 that the government made making liquor at home illegal, punishable by prison. Some say the law was intended to protect government revenue streams. But it is perhaps better explained as a public-health initiative: ethanol vapours produced in the process make stills prone to explosions. Today’s wannabe distillers tend not to resemble the peddlers of the 1920s. Instead they characterize themselves as amateur scientists, and point to legalization as a way to make the hobby safer. While some await the green light from the feds, others, like Ray, distill “in the shadows” says Rick Morris, the Head of the Hobby Distillers Association. Fear of being caught discourages beginners from getting proper information. Once it is legal, he believes at-home distilling will be no riskier than boiling an egg. The libertarian lawyers have nobler aims. To them the case is about getting rid of unnecessary regulations. Just as whisky was part of the country’s origins story, so too it is “an American tradition to resist the illegitimate exercise of government power”, says Dan Greenberg, the hobbyists’ lawyer. 57. Which of the following best fits the meaning of the word “spirits” in paragraph 2? A. Supernatural beings. B. Mind and will. C. Alcoholic drinks. D. Illegal transactions. 58. What was agreed upon in court on July 10th? A. Producing alcohol at home in America should not be banned. B. The government has the right to tax and regulate interstate commerce. C. The government’s ban on alcohol production does not exceed its authority. D. The hobbyists’ claims are invalid without the government’s mark. 59. According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Distilling water at home is illegal although it is as common as baking apple pie at home. B. Making liquor at home has always been prohibited by law to protect government revenues. C. Today’s distillers are regarded as amateur scientist for their spirit of exploration. D. Hobbyists of distilling claim that legalizing making spirits at home can boost its safety. 60. Among each party’s attitude towards making liquor at home, which is correct? A. The government is for it as long as distillers can promise to take a public-health initiative. B. The libertarian lawyers stand by it because they regard it a fight for life and liberty. C. The distillers support it because it can make them from amateur scientists to real scientists. D. The Competitive Enterprise Institute is against it because it will hurt its revenue streams. (B) Best Electronic Dictionaries Bottom line Perfect for Students: This pen is perfect for students who are learning other languages. Award-winning Design: Purposefully designed to provide a unique appearance and dual functionality. Superior Scanning: A scanning electronic dictionary. The size of a large pen. Has both an English and Chinese interface. Best for Kids: The interface is simple to use and fun. Designed for children still learning to read. Pros It uses a Wi-Fi connection to access text translations of 55 languages, plus when offline it can support translation for English, Spanish and Chinese. Slim and narrow style has dual use as a bookmark and dictionary. Contains over 35,000 words. Only requires batteries so customers can use it without internet or Wi-Fi access. A web-enabled electronic dictionary that can define any word simply by running the scanner over it. Also capable of providing fluent translations between traditional and simplified Chinese. As children encounter unfamiliar words, this dictionary will give them the proper spelling and meaning of the words. With a screen that is easy to read, the device is simple to use. Cons It takes 2 hours to charge and can only be used for up to 3 hours. Some users complain that it does not have a large enough vocabulary. Definition and translation accuracy drop when not connected to the internet. Because it’s intended for children learning to read, some users may find the database too small for their purposes. 61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. IF electronic dictionary bookmark is perfectly designed for students learning other languages. B. With no internet access, You Dao may not be able to provide accurate definition and translation of a word. C. IF children’s electronic dictionary, with a reasonable database, is a right choice for children learning to spell. D. The electronic devices mentioned above can translate texts with or without internet and Wi-Fi accesses. 62. Li Hua is looking for a gift for her daughter’s high school admission. Her daughter is an enthusiastic English novel lover who likes to read anytime anywhere. His budget is $400. Which product should he choose? A. Tom-shine translation pen. B. IF electronic dictionary bookmark. C. You Dao dictionary mobile scanning pen translator. D. IF children’s electronic dictionary. 63. According to the passage, the website will be helpful to __________. A. designers trying to find inspirations for product design B. retailers manufacturing and selling a range of products C. experts reviewing and evaluating products for consumers D. consumers looking for the right product with good reviews (C) For centuries, two of the most intriguing questions about Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” were “Who?” and “When?” A discovery made at Heidelberg University in 2005 pretty much answered both. A note written in a manuscript in the library confirmed the account of da Vinci’s first biographer, Giorgio Vasari: that the sitter was a merchant’s wife, Lisa Gherardini. The note also helped date the masterpiece to between 1503 and 1506. A third conundrum —“Where?”— is still in dispute. But a French engineer, Pascal Cotte, declared that he and a collaborator had identified the landscape in the background of the painting. Mr Cotte believed that the artist was plausibly depicting a part of his homeland Tuscany — one that keenly interested him at the time. According to this theory, Da Vinci represented the area not as it was, but as, in an unrealised scheme, he intended it to be. Mr Cotte, who was asked by the Louvre (where the “Mona Lisa” hangs) to create a digital image of the painting, is the inventor of the multispectral camera: a device that can detect not only the hidden drawing below the surface of an oil painting, but also any intermediate layers of work that may exist. It was among these, under what appears to be a pointed rock, that he found a preparatory sketch (草图) showing that Da Vinci intended it to represent a tower. The landscape of the “Mona Lisa” also includes a huge overhanging cliff. That is similar to one that Da Vinci included in a sketch of a fortress (堡垒) fought over by Pisa and Florence in the war in 1503 (around the time he was painting “Mona Lisa”). The fortress with the nearby cliff — and a tower, known as the Caprona tower—all overlook the river Arno as it snakes from Florence to Pisa. All three also feature in drawings made by Da Vinci to illustrate a plan about which, says Mr Cotte, he became “obsessive”. This involved diverting the river Arno to cut off Pisa’s water supply and give Florence access to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two places at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte argues that a channel winding through countryside at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road and is instead the dried-up bed of the river Arno as Da Vinci envisaged it once his plan had been adopted. It never was. But if Mr Cotte’s theory is right, it might just explain why “Mona Lisa”, a Florentine, wears such a contented smile. 64. Mr Cotte reached his conclusion about the “Mona Lisa” by __________. A. referring to the note written in a manuscript B. comparing the pointed rock with the tower in the painting C. analyzing the tower in the hidden layer of the painting D. comparing the landscape in the painting to paintings in the late 1500s 65. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Da Vinci’s plan gained attention because of the war. B. People from Florenceout off the water supply in Pisa. C. Da Vinci was obsessed with painting cliffs and rivers. D. A tower, a cliff, and a fortress are shown at the right of the “Mona Lisa”. 66. What is the most probable meaning of the underlined word “envisaged”? A. Diverted. B. Painted. C. Imagined. D. Recorded. 67. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Why did the “Mona Lisa” smile? B. The techniques behind the “Mona Lisa”. C. What makes the “Mona Lisa” charming? D. Where did the “Mona Lisa” smile? Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why Male and Female Friendships Are So Different? While I was out to dinner with my husband, he told me that our mutual friends of 20 years had decided to end their marriage. I wanted to know the details: the why, the when, the where, but he did not have these details. When I pressed for answers, he said his friend brought it up briefly with a group of close guy friends, then moved on to a different subject. ____68____ This specific example paints the perfect pictures of the differences between men and women in terms of friendships. Female friendships thrive on intimacy and emotional connection. We, as females, want to talk about feelings, experience physical touch, make direct face-to-face contact. ____69____ The intimate, face-to-face relationships between women have a lot to do with oxytocin (催产素), the bonding hormone that is released during childbirth and nursing. Studies have shown that when women are stressed out, they do not just turn to the “fight-or-flight” response but also release oxytocin, which allows them to “tend and befriend.” It is believed that the hormone is the reason why women have a natural “maternal instinct (母性).” ____70____ By comparison, men tend to value friendships that are based more on shared activities, such as playing basketball, rather than the intimate, face-to-face relationships that women have. Thus, they do not feel the desire or need to discuss every detail and change in their life with a male friend. That being said, male friendships are generally less delicate than female friendships. Men tend not to wear their emotions on their sleeve. ____71____ But women bond through secret sharing and emotional intimacy, which can potentially create unpredictability in a friendship, especially if this sharing is one-sided. A. In short, we want to feel emotionally connected and supported. B. Not many questions were asked; not many details were given. C. Friendships between males tend to be more functional. D. While they may not share their secret feelings with close male friends, research shows that they are more likely to share them with a female friend. E. Nor do they feel pressure to reveal personal details and intimate secrets to maintain their friendship with another male. F. As a result, female friendships are based on emotional intimacy and connection. IV. Summary Writing 72. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese. But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook. The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips. But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative. It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive. And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 73. 万一汽车中途抛锚，你知道正确的做法是什么吗? (break) （汉译英） 74. 这些交流生不禁感叹，建平值得参加的活动太多了! (worth) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 75. 在全体居民的共同努力下，这个城市的市容正在好转，说明这些措施卓有成效。(witness) (汉译英) 76. 这款游戏取材于中国神话，运用顶级的画面和丰富的细节，自今年8月全球上线以来，无比火爆。(anchor) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 建平中学2024学年第一学期 高二年级学生活动 II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: Choose the best answer to complete the sentence. 1. _________ the crises that humans are faced with is the ignorance of environmental issues. A. In B. For C. Among D. Like 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：人类所面临的种种危机之中，根源在于人们对环境问题的无知。表示“在……中”用介词in。 2. _________ a certain degree, the time and effort _________ takes to plan and organize the games is way more than what people can imagine. A. On; that B. In; which C. To; it D. With; what 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在一定程度上，策划和组织赛事所耗费的时间与精力，远远超出了人们的想象。第一空：to a certain degree“在一定程度上”是固定搭配，to为介词；第二空：“ _________ takes to plan and organize the games”是修饰time and effort的定语从句，从句中涉及固定句型it takes+时间/精力+to do，it作形式主语，不定式是真正的主语，从句中省略了作takes宾语的关系代词which/that，因此空处填it。 3. In _________ is celebrated as the first-rate resort. You will be entertained with _________ comfortable accommodation and friendly service. A. where; anything but B. which; none other than C. what; nothing but D. that; no more than 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：在这片被誉为顶级度假胜地的地方，您将尽享舒适惬意的住宿体验与热情周到的服务。A. where哪里；anything but根本不，一点也不；B. which哪一个；none other than不是别人，正是；C. what什么；nothing but只有；D. that那个；no more than不超过，仅仅。“is celebrated as the first-rate resort”是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指事物，因此用what引导宾语从句；第二空所在部分表示“您将尽享舒适惬意的住宿体验与热情周到的服务”，nothing but“只有”符合语境，表强调。 4. The room _________ 10 metres across and it can _________ a dedicated playroom for the two kids. A. is measured; serve as B. measures; serve as C. measures; be served as D. is measured; be served as 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个房间宽 10 米，可作为两个孩子的专属游戏室。measure作“长达……，宽达……”等意思时没有被动语态，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语room是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式；serve as“用作”无被动语态，情态动词can后serve用原形。 5. _________ is surprising to us is that Tom, for _________ English was once boring, can speak English fluently as though he was a native speaker. A. What; whom B. It; whose C. It; whom D. As; what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：令我们感到惊讶的是，曾经觉得英语枯燥乏味的汤姆，现在却能用流利的英语进行交流，就好像他是母语使用者一样。第一空引导是=主语从句，从句中缺少主语，此处表示“……的事情”，用what引导主语从句；第二空处是“介词+whom/which”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Tom是人，因此第二空用whom。 6. At the top of the hill _________ several cottages which overlook the wonderful view of the whole city. A. lied B. are lain C. lie D. lay 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：山顶坐落着几间小屋，俯瞰着整座城市的绝美风光。本句为表方位的介词短语置于句首引起的完全倒装，主语为several cottages，句子陈述客观存在用一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词lie“位于”用原形。 7. Word came _________ a free souvenir would be given to _________ comes first to the venue of the event. A. that; whoever B. when; who C. that; whomever D. where; no matter who 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：消息传来，最先到达活动现场的人将获得一份免费纪念品。word came that...“消息传来……”是固定句型，that引导同位语从句，对word进行解释说明；第二空引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，泛指任何人，应用连接代词whoever。 8. Her success is the living proof that _________ those around think of you will not necessarily influence _________ you become. A. /; how B. what; what C. that; how D. how; who 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：她的成功证明了这样一个事实：他人对你的看法并不一定会决定你最终会成为什么样的人。“those around think of you”是主语从句，从句中缺少宾语，此处表示“他人对你的看法”，空格处用what引导主语从句；“you become”是宾语从句，从句中缺少表语，此处表示“你最终会成为什么样的人”，因此用what引导宾语从句。 9. If you are to be successful in your start-up, you should stick to your budget, _________ I mean the whole expenses of it. A. for what B. in that C. but that D. by which 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：若想创业成功，你必须坚持预算原则，我所说的预算指的是创业的全部开支。A. for what为什么；B.in that因为，在于；C. but that若非，要不是；D. by which借此，其中。固定搭配：mean sth. by sth.意为“所说的……指的是……”，本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话内容，介词+关系代词结构：by which=by sticking to your budget。 10. He had spent much of the summer holiday _________ himself to the scientific project. That’s _________ he own an award in the competition. A. devoting; how B. devoting; why C. devoted; why D. devoted; how 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：他在整个暑假期间都全身心投入到这个科研项目中。正因如此，他获得了这次竞赛的奖项。spend some time doing sth.是固定短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，因此第一空用动名词devoting作宾语；第二空处引导表语从句，句子需要状语，表示“为什么”，强调结果，用连接副词why引导表语从句。 11. It was _________ great courage _________ the boy told his parents the truth that he had made a serious mistake. A. in; that B. /; when C. with; that D. by; when 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：这个男孩怀着极大的勇气向父母坦白了自己犯下严重错误的事实。with great courage是固定短语，意为“以极大的勇气”，由It was和句意可知，句子是强调句，结构是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”，句中被强调的是with great courage，因此第二空是that。 12. _________ has been mentioned above, philosophers, _________ back to Plato and the Ancient Greeks, have given the area much thought and emphasis, and their work has helped shape the practice of education over the millennia. A. It; dated B. As; dated C. Which; dating D. As; dating 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：综上所述，从柏拉图及古希腊时期开始，哲学家们就已对该领域进行了深入思考与高度重视，数千年来，他们的研究成果也助力塑造了教育的实践模式。第一空：as has been mentioned above“综上所述”是常用句型，as引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句所述内容；第二空：主句已有谓语动词have given，空处应用非谓语动词，date back to“追溯到”没有被动语态，因此用现在分词，作后置定语。 13. If you _________ choose to be a professional game player, chances are _________ you won’t be able to make your dream come true even if you work hard for it. A. will, / B. should; that C. must; that D. shall; / 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：如果你执意选择成为一名职业电竞选手，那么即便为之努力奋斗，你大概率也无法实现这个梦想。第一空：表示“偏要，非要”用情态动词must；第二空：chaces are that...“很有可能……，大概率”是固定句型。 14. _________ to the cause of football has rewarded the world-renowned coach with an enriched and fulfilled life. A. Committing himself B. Being committed himself C. Committed D. Committing 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：这位享誉世界的教练投身于足球事业，收获了充实而圆满的人生。commit oneself to是固定短语，意为“致力于，投身于”，空格处用动名词作主语。 15. Unfortunately, the social and professional life is not structured in the way _________ facilitates face-to-face interaction _________ the effective group performance. A. that; underlining B. where; underlined C. /; underlining D. what; underlining 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】句意：不幸的是，社会和职业生活并非以有利于促进面对面交流的方式进行组织，这也就无法突显团队的有效表现。第一空先行词为the way，其后定语从句缺少主语，指代事物，可用that/which，不可用where、what，且关系代词作主语时不可省略；第二空逻辑主语为前文“face-to-face interaction”，二者为主动关系，用现在分词underlining作后置定语。结合语法规则与用法分析，只有A选项完全符合结构与逻辑要求。 16. It is essential that a student _________ learn _________ what he has learnt from books is put into practice. A. should; that B. must; how C. /; how D. does; that 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：对于学生而言，掌握将从书本中学到的知识付诸实践的方法是至关重要的。第一空It is essential that...为虚拟语气固定句型，从句谓语用(should) +动词原形，should 可省略；must/does不符合该虚拟结构，排除 B、D。第二空：从句句意：学生要学会如何将书本所学付诸实践；that无实义，how表“方式、如何”，贴合语境，引导宾语从句，排除A选项。 17. We had better put off interviewing the Olympic winner, for he is busy _________ for an international contest _________ in US next month. A. preparing; to be taken place B. to prepare; to take place C. to prepare; taking place D. preparing; to take place 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】句意：我们最好推迟采访这位奥运冠军，因为他正忙于筹备下月将在美国举办的一场国际赛事。第一空：be busy doing sth.“忙着做某事”是固定搭配；第二空：从句中已有谓语动词is，空处用非谓语，take place没有被动语态，结合next month可知，表将来应用不定式，作后置定语。 18. It happened _________ heavily when he got there, but there were hundreds of eager fans who _________ for him. A. to rain; waiting B. to rain; had waited C. to be raining; were waiting D. to be raining; waiting 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：当他到达那里时，正下着倾盆大雨，但仍有数百名热情的粉丝在等着他。happen to do意为“碰巧做某事”，由when he got there可知，第一空用不定式的进行时to be raining，表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作。第二空是who引导的定语从句中的谓语，此处表示粉丝正在等他，且描述过去的事情，因此第二空时态用过去进行时，主语who指代的先行词fans是复数，因此第二空是were waiting。 19. Don’t let yourself _________ easily into buying things you don’t need by ambush marketing seeking _________ shopping decision without tipping off the consumers about the manipulation. A. persuaded; influencing B. be persuaded; to influence C. be persuaded; influencing D. persuaded; to influence 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】句意：不要轻易被伏击式营销套路，冲动买下本不需要的商品；这类营销企图左右消费决策，却从不告知消费者背后的操控手段。第一空考查固定结构let sb. be done，表示“让某人被……”，此处yourself与persuade为被动关系，需用be persuaded；第二空考查动词seek的用法，seek to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“企图/试图做某事”，因此用to influence。 20. Though she _________ to be an English teacher, Zhang Lu, the elegant woman translator often seen _________ beside officials, stood out for her excellent language skills when she graduated and was offered a job with the diplomatic service. A. intended; sit B. had intended; sit C. had intended; seated D. intended; sitting 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】句意：张璐是一位气质优雅、常落座于官员身旁的女翻译。虽然她原本立志成为一名英语教师，但毕业时，她凭借出众的语言能力脱颖而出，顺利进入外交部门工作。第一空：had intended to do“本打算做某事”是固定句型；第二空：该空应用非谓语动词作主语补足语，translator与sit是主动关系，sit应用现在分词，和seat是被动关系，seat应用过去分词。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Why Clothes Are So Hard to Recycle? While most clothes with care will last for many years, changing fashions mean their lifespan is shortened by people’s changing tastes. Industry figures suggest modern clothing has a lifespan of two to ten years, with underwear and t-shirts lasting just one to two years ____21____ suits and coats lasting for four to six years. Globally just 12% of the material used for clothing ends up ____22____ (recycle). Compare that to paper, glass, and plastic bottles, ____23____, respectively, have recycling rates of 66%, 27% and 29%. It is clear that clothing lags behind. Much of the problem comes down to ____24____ our clothes are made from. The clothes are made from problematic blends of fibers, plastics and metals. For example, a typical pair of jeans is made from cotton fabrics and other components ____25____ ____26____ zips and buttons and is dyed (染色) using a range of dyes. This makes it hard ____27____ (separate) them so that they can be effectively recycled. Sorting textiles into different fibers and material types by hand is labor-intensive, slow, and requires a skilled workforce. Once sorted, the dyes that ____28____ (apply) to the fabrics need to be removed in order for fabrics to be reused. Currently, however, very few of the clothes that are sent to be recycled are actually turned into new clothing. As of 2015, less than 1% of used clothing was recycled in this way. While there ____29____ exist a healthy second-hand clothing market online, perhaps the most popular way of disposing of old clothes is simply to give them away so that they ____30____ find reuse through charity shops. However, clothes donations are being used as a way of simply passing on the textile waste problem to others. If we ever hope to make our clothing sustainable, ____31____ (fundamental) changes to the clothing industry will need to be made. 【答案】21. while 22. being recycled 23. which 24. what 25. such 26. as 27. to separate 28. are applied 29. does 30. can 31. fundamental 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍了服装难以回收的现状、原因以及目前旧衣物的处理方式，并指出服装行业需要做出根本性改变以实现可持续发展。 【21题详解】 考查连词。句意：行业数据显示，现代服装的寿命为2至10年，其中内衣和T恤的寿命仅为1至2年，而西装和外套的寿命为4至6年。空格前后分别介绍了不同衣物（内衣、T恤与西装、外套）的寿命，存在对比关系，结合句意，此处应用连词while，表“然而、而”，用于对比两种事物。 【22题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在全球范围内，用于制作服装的材料中只有12%最终被回收利用。end up doing sth为固定搭配，意为“最终做某事”，且recycle与逻辑主语the material之间为被动关系，即材料被回收，所以应用being recycled。 【23题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：相比之下，纸张、玻璃和塑料瓶的回收率分别为66%、27%和29%。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为paper, glass, and plastic bottles，指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以应用关系代词which。 【24题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：很大一部分问题在于我们的衣服是由什么制成的。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语，且从句中缺少from的宾语，结合句意“由什么制成”，应用连接代词what。 【25题详解】 考查短语。句意：例如，一条典型的牛仔裤由棉织物和其他部件制成，比如拉链和纽扣，并使用多种染料染色。结合句意，空格后zips and buttons（拉链和纽扣）是对前文other components（其他部件）的举例说明，应用短语such as。 【26题详解】 考查短语。句意：例如，一条典型的牛仔裤由棉织物和其他部件制成，比如拉链和纽扣，并使用多种染料染色。结合句意，空格后zips and buttons（拉链和纽扣）是对前文other components（其他部件）的举例说明，应用短语such as。 【27题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这使得它们很难被分离，从而无法有效回收利用。make it + adj. + to do sth为固定句型，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。 【28题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：一旦分类完成，为了使织物能够被重新利用，施加在织物上的染料需要被去除。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the dyes，且apply与the dyes之间为被动关系，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语the dyes为复数，所以用are applied。 【29题详解】 考查助动词。句意：虽然网上存在一个健康的二手服装市场，但处理旧衣服最流行的方式或许就是直接捐赠，这样它们就能通过慈善商店被重新利用。分析句子结构可知，此处为there be句型的变体there exist…，表示“存在……”，此处强调谓语动词，且句子为一般现在时，应用助动词does。 【30题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：虽然网上存在一个健康的二手服装市场，但处理旧衣服最流行的方式或许就是直接捐赠，这样它们就能通过慈善商店被重新利用。结合句意，捐赠旧衣服的目的是让它们能够被重新利用，此处应用情态动词can，表“能够、可以”。 【31题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如果我们希望实现服装的可持续发展，就需要对服装行业做出根本性的改变。空格后为名词changes，此处应用形容词作定语，fundamental为形容词，意为“根本性的”。 Section C Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. associated B. barely C. inspired D. matters E. maturing F. opposite G. reluctantly H. reminders I. stocked J. storing K. tended The Privilege of Mess At every wedding I have been to this past year, the event space has been decorated with family portraits — black-and-white photos of grandmothers and grandfathers, pictures of parents with giant smiles and 1970s hairstyles. As a child, I used to cry when looking at those ____32____, like jewelry passing from mother to daughter. But it was not until this past summer, when I was planning my own wedding, that I understood just why these kinds of items ____33____ so many complicated feelings. When my husband asked if we wanted to make a slideshow of our family photos for our own wedding, I realized that we ____34____ had any. Both my grandparents emigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s. They fell in love with each other and the country that took them in. Their lives changed once more as the Cuban Revolution began in 1953. Material comforts began to disappear. Eventually, their business and home were both shut down by the government. In 1968, after moving to the United States, my grandfather ____35____ to hoard. He would often find random items on the street and bring them home. My grandmother and my mother were more practical, ____36____ canned foods and socks. We saved everything. Today, when my mother comes to visit, she still brings bags full of useful items. A full cupboard, a house ____37____ with usable objects, is the ultimate expression of love. As a girl ____38____ in the United States, I was often exhausted by this explosion of items. Like many who are privileged enough not to have to worry about having basic things, I tended to admire the ____39____ — the empty spaces of yoga studios, the delightful feeling of sorting through a pile of stuff that I could abandon. A few months ago, when I visited home, I started to tidy up by going through the things that counted most to me. Objects filled with memories of person I once was, and a person that part of me always will be. I did not want to give any of it up. They say that we can appreciate the objects we used to love deeply just by saying goodbye to them. But for families that have experienced ____40____ giving up their dearest possessions, “putting things in order” is never going to be as simple as throwing them away. Everything they manage to hold on to ____41____ deeply. Everything is confirmation that they survived. 【答案】32. H 33. C 34. B 35. K 36. J 37. I 38. E 39. F 40. G 41. D 【解析】 【导语】文章围绕“凌乱的特权”展开，通过作者筹备婚礼时对家庭照片的回忆，讲述了祖辈因经历动荡而养成囤积物品的习惯，以及作者对这种习惯从疲惫到理解的转变，阐述了物品背后承载的生存记忆与情感价值。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：小时候，看到那些纪念品时我常常会哭，就像母亲传给女儿的珠宝一样。空处作looking at的宾语，结合前文“the event space has been decorated with family portraits”可知，此处指前文提到的家庭肖像这类具有纪念意义的物品，名词reminders（纪念品；提示物）符合题意。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：但直到去年夏天，当我筹备自己的婚礼时，我才明白为什么这类物品会激发如此多复杂的情感。空处作谓语，主句为一般过去时，结合语境，家庭肖像等物品会唤起人们内心的复杂情绪，动词inspired（激发；唤起）符合题意。 【34题详解】 考查副词。句意：当我丈夫问我们是否想为自己的婚礼制作一个家庭照片幻灯片时，我意识到我们几乎没有任何家庭照片。空处修饰动词had，结合后文“Both my grandparents emigrated from Poland to Cuba in the 1930s. ”讲述祖辈移民经历，可推测作者家的家庭照片很少，副词barely（几乎不；勉强）符合题意。 【35题详解】 考查动词。句意：1968年，搬到美国后，我的祖父常常囤积物品。文章整体为一般过去时，空处作谓语，结合后文“He would often find random items on the street and bring them home”可知，祖父有囤积的习惯，动词tended（往往会；常常）符合题意，tend to do sth表示“常常做某事”。 【36题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我的祖母和母亲更务实，她们会储存罐头食品和袜子。空处作伴随状语，结合前文祖父囤积物品和“We saved everything”可知，祖母和母亲会储存实用物品，动词storing（储存；存放）符合题意，逻辑主语my grandmother and my mother与store之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。 【37题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个装满食物的橱柜，一个存放着可用物品的房子，是爱的终极表达。空处作后置定语，修饰名词house，结合“with usable objects”可知，房子里存放着各种可用物品，动词stocked（储备；存放）符合题意，be stocked with表示“储备有……”。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一个在美国长大的女孩，我常常被这些堆积如山的物品弄得疲惫不堪。空处作后置定语，修饰名词a girl，结合语境，此处指作者在美国逐渐长大的过程，动词maturing（成熟；长大）符合题意，girl与mature之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式。 【39题详解】 考查名词。句意：就像许多有幸不必担心基本生活需求的人一样，我倾向于欣赏与之相反的事物——瑜伽馆的空旷空间，整理一堆可以丢弃的东西时的愉悦感。空处作admire的宾语，结合前文作者对家里堆积物品的疲惫，以及后文“the empty spaces”和“abandon”可知，此处指与“堆积物品”相反的状态，名词opposite（相反的事物；对立面）符合题意。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：但对于那些曾不情愿地放弃自己最珍爱的物品的家庭来说，“整理物品”从来不会像扔掉它们那么简单。空处修饰动词短语giving up，根据“their dearest possessions”可知，他们是不情愿地放弃珍爱的物品，副词reluctantly（不情愿地；勉强地）符合题意。 【41题详解】 考查动词。句意：他们设法保留下来的每一件东西都至关重要。空处作谓语，结合后文“Everything is confirmation that they survived”可知，这些保留下来的物品对他们来说意义重大，动词matters（要紧；至关重要）符合题意，主语everything为不定代词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 III. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Peter and Minke van Wingerden have created something wild: a herd of cows floating on the sea. The Dutch husband-and-wife team’s experiment on ___42___ agriculture, called Floating Farm, can be found in the port of Rotterdam. The modernist structure houses 40 cows, who collectively produce some 200 gallons of milk a day. ___43___ helping nourish (滋养) the local community, the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the ___44___ crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how and where they produce food. Floods, extreme heating, droughts and even rising night temperatures have sent the ___45___ system off balance. The race to ___46___ the constant attack of extreme weather has made the world of farming unrecognizable from what it was only decades ago. A team of scientists in Mexico is ___47___ wheat types that can adapt themselves to different climates, while Jack’s Solar Garden in Longmont, Colorado, is a testbed for the ___48___ method of solar farming. Rotterdam has already established itself as one of the most climate-adaptive places in the world. Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city, which is 90% ___49___ sea level. The Wingerdens’ Floating Farm was a new but ___50___ attempt. Should a weather crisis arise, a waterborne farm isn’t necessarily ___51___ in place. A former property developer with a background in engineering, Peter found the ___52___ for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City, where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery of fresh food to millions. The Wingerdens’ model is ripe for ___53___ — which is exactly what the Floating Farm’s team of 14 are working on now. Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of Haarlem and Arnhem. The new projects will ___54___ lessons learned from Floating Farm. “You need to build a house in order to know how to build a house,” Peter says. The biggest ___55___ he sees ahead, however, are not financial or physical, but rather political and administrative. “One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations. Cities need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments, and cities need to have areas where you can say: OK, this is the ___56___ zone.” Because what Peter and his team are pulling off is of a different order than the typical sustainability measures. “We are not innovative,” he says. “We are disruptive.” 42. A. intensive B. sustainable C. organic D. local 43. A. In contrast to B. Contrary to C. In addition to D. Due to 44. A. economic B. energy C. political D. climate 45. A. security B. transport C. food D. water 46. A. outsmart B. document C. prioritize D. prevent 47. A. conserving B. unlocking C. transferring D. varying 48. A. emerging B. conventional C. established D. renewed 49. A. above B. on C. below D. beyond 50. A. economical B. controversial C. necessary D. adventurous 51. A. abandoned B. located C. spotted D. stuck 52. A. mechanism B. inspiration C. application D. defect 53. A. manufacture B. reproduction C. evaluation D. examination 54. A. revise B. uncover C. downplay D. apply 55. A. obstacles B. potentials C. possibilities D. lessons 56. A. innovative B. mainstream C. experimental D. distinct 【答案】42. B 43. C 44. D 45. C 46. A 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. B 54. D 55. A 56. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是一对荷兰夫妇在鹿特丹港创建的“漂浮农场”（Floating Farm）项目，以及这一项目在全球农业应对气候危机背景下的创新意义和推广前景。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这对荷兰夫妇开展的可持续农业实验名为“漂浮农场”，就坐落于鹿特丹港。A. intensive密集的；B. sustainable可持续的；C. organic有机的；D. local本地的。根据后文“the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation about how the ___ crisis is pushing farmers to reconsider how and where they produce food”可知，这个农场关注的是全球气候危机下农业的可持续性，所以此处指“可持续农业”。 【43题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：除了为当地社区提供食物滋养外，这座水上农场还参与到全球关于气候危机正迫使农民重新思考生产食物的方式和地点的讨论中。A. In contrast to与……形成对比；B. Contrary to与……相反；C. In addition to除……之外（还）；D. Due to由于。根据后文“the waterborne farm is playing a part in the global conversation.”可知，除了滋养当地社区，这个农场还有更广泛的作用。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。A. economic经济的；B. energy能量；C. political政治的；D. climate气候。根据后文“Floods, extreme heating, droughts and even rising night temperatures”可知，这些都是气候问题，所以此处指“气候危机”。 【45题详解】 考查名词。句意：洪水、极端高温、干旱，甚至夜间气温的上升，都打破了食物供应体系的平衡。A. security安全；B. transport运输；C. food食物；D. water水。根据后文“The race to __ the constant attack of extreme weather has made the world of farming unrecognizable from what it was only decades ago”可知，极端天气对农业产生了影响，就会使食物系统失衡。 【46题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了应对持续不断的极端天气袭击，农业领域发生了翻天覆地的变化，与几十年前相比已大不相同。A. outsmart智胜、应对；B. document记录；C. prioritize优先考虑；D. prevent阻止。根据后文“A team of scientists in Mexico is ____ wheat types that can adapt themselves to different climates”可知，科学家研发能适应不同气候的品种是为了应对极端天气的袭击，因此空格处用outsmart。 【47题详解】 考查动词。句意：墨西哥的一组科学家正在解锁能够适应不同气候条件的小麦品种，而科罗拉多州朗莫尔的杰克太阳能花园则是一个新兴太阳能农业方法的试验场。A. conserving保护；B. unlocking解锁、发现；C. transferring转移；D. varying变化。根据上文“The race to ___ the constant attack of extreme weather”和后文“wheat types that can adapt themselves to different climates”可知，为了应对极端天气袭击，是要解锁新的可以适应不同气候的品种。 【48题详解】 考查形容词。句意：墨西哥的一组科学家正在解锁能够适应不同气候条件的小麦品种，而科罗拉多州朗莫尔的杰克太阳能花园则是一个新兴太阳能农业方法的试验场。A. emerging新兴的；B. conventional传统的；C. established早已投入使用的；D. renewed更新的。根据前文“a testbed for”和下文“method of solar farming”可知，太阳能农业方法是一个新兴的方法。 【49题详解】 考查介词。句意：在这座城市里，从办公楼到整个街区，一切建筑都建在水面上，而这座城市90%的地区都低于海平面。A. above在……上方；B. on在……上面；C. below在……下方；D. beyond超出。根据第一段“in the port of Rotterdam”和客观事实可知，这座城市90%的地区都低于海平面。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：温格登斯的漂浮农场就是一次新的但必要的尝试。A. economical经济的；B. controversial有争议的；C. necessary必要的；D. adventurous勇于冒险的，敢于创新的。根据上文“Everything from office buildings to entire neighborhoods are built on water in the city”可知，那座城市从办公楼到整个街区，一切建筑都建在水上，所以漂浮农场就是一次新的但必要的尝试。 【51题详解】 考查动词。句意：一旦发生气候危机，水上农场未必能稳如磐石、原地不动。A. abandoned抛弃；B. located位于；C. spotted发现；D. stuck卡住、原地不动。根据前文“Should a weather crisis arise”和下文“where Hurricane Sandy prevented the delivery of fresh food to millions”可知，如果发生天气危机，水上农场可能会受到影响，不一定能稳如磐石，原地不动。 【52题详解】 考查名词。句意：曾是一名房地产开发商且拥有工程背景的彼得，在纽约市的一场气候灾难中找到了建造“漂浮农场”的灵感——当时飓风桑迪导致数百万人的新鲜食物供应中断。A. mechanism机制；B. inspiration灵感；C. application应用；D. defect缺陷。根据后文“for the Floating Farm in a climate disaster in New York City”可知，此处指从纽约市的气候灾难中找到了灵感。 【53题详解】 考查名词。句意：温格登夫妇的模式已具备大规模推广的条件——这正是“漂浮农场”的14人团队目前正在努力的方向。A. manufacture制造；B. reproduction繁殖，复制；C. evaluation评估；D. examination检查。根据后文“Plans are under way for a floating vegetable farm to move into the space next to the current Floating Farm. Permit applications are also out for similar structures in Dubai, Singapore and the Dutch cities of Haarlem and Arnhem”可知，温格登夫妇的模式已具备大规模推广的条件，空格处用reproduction。 【54题详解】 考查动词。句意：新项目将应用从“漂浮农场”学到的经验教训。A. revise修订；B. uncover揭开；C. downplay轻描淡写；D. apply应用。根据下文“You need to build a house in order to know how to build a house”可知，新项目将应用从漂浮农场学到的经验教训。 【55题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，在他看来，未来面临的最大障碍并非资金或物理层面的，而是政治和行政层面的。A. obstacles障碍；B. potentials潜力；C. possibilities可能性；D. lessons教训。根据后文“One of the biggest challenges we come across worldwide is regulations”可知，此处是在说未来面临的最大障碍。 【56题详解】 考查形容词。句意：城市需要有颠覆性的思维，需要有颠覆性的部门，还需要有可以划定为实验区的区域。A. innovative创新的；B. mainstream主流的；C. experimental实验的；D. distinct明显的。根据前文“cities need to have disruptive thinking, cities need to have disruptive departments”可知，城市需要有颠覆性的思维和部门，所以需要有实验区来进行尝试。 Section B Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) IN DEVILS LAKE, North Dakota, a man named Ray is making a batch of watermelon moonshine, a ruby-red alcoholic liquid. The copper still he makes it in is in his garage. Officially, he claims the set-up is just for distilling (蒸馏) water and hand-sanitiser (洗手液). For over a century it has been illegal to make spirits at home in America. In December the Competitive Enterprise Institute, representing hobbyists determined to make bourbon in backyards, challenged the ban in court. It argued that the government’s prohibition amounted to overreach. The government’s lawyers insisted that the federal powers to tax and regulate interstate commerce justified it. On July 10th a judge in Fort Worth, Texas, declared the law unconstitutional, saying the defence “missed the maker’s mark”. The spirited ruling has not gone into effect and may yet be appealed against. But in the meantime liquor-lovers are celebrating their first win a decade-long fight. Hobbyists say distilling is a pastime as baseball or baking apple pie-and believe that banning it violates the freedom to be particularly patriotic. According to Reid Mitenbuler, author of “Bourbon Empire”, whiskey was so important at the country’s founding that it became “the frontier’s factual currency, knitting together America’s early economy”. It was not until 1868 that the government made making liquor at home illegal, punishable by prison. Some say the law was intended to protect government revenue streams. But it is perhaps better explained as a public-health initiative: ethanol vapours produced in the process make stills prone to explosions. Today’s wannabe distillers tend not to resemble the peddlers of the 1920s. Instead they characterize themselves as amateur scientists, and point to legalization as a way to make the hobby safer. While some await the green light from the feds, others, like Ray, distill “in the shadows” says Rick Morris, the Head of the Hobby Distillers Association. Fear of being caught discourages beginners from getting proper information. Once it is legal, he believes at-home distilling will be no riskier than boiling an egg. The libertarian lawyers have nobler aims. To them the case is about getting rid of unnecessary regulations. Just as whisky was part of the country’s origins story, so too it is “an American tradition to resist the illegitimate exercise of government power”, says Dan Greenberg, the hobbyists’ lawyer. 57. Which of the following best fits the meaning of the word “spirits” in paragraph 2? A. Supernatural beings. B. Mind and will. C. Alcoholic drinks. D. Illegal transactions. 58. What was agreed upon in court on July 10th? A. Producing alcohol at home in America should not be banned. B. The government has the right to tax and regulate interstate commerce. C. The government’s ban on alcohol production does not exceed its authority. D. The hobbyists’ claims are invalid without the government’s mark. 59. According to the article, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Distilling water at home is illegal although it is as common as baking apple pie at home. B. Making liquor at home has always been prohibited by law to protect government revenues. C. Today’s distillers are regarded as amateur scientist for their spirit of exploration. D. Hobbyists of distilling claim that legalizing making spirits at home can boost its safety. 60. Among each party’s attitude towards making liquor at home, which is correct? A. The government is for it as long as distillers can promise to take a public-health initiative. B. The libertarian lawyers stand by it because they regard it a fight for life and liberty. C. The distillers support it because it can make them from amateur scientists to real scientists. D. The Competitive Enterprise Institute is against it because it will hurt its revenue streams. 【答案】57. C 58. A 59. D 60. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了美国家庭酿造烈酒合法化的问题。 【57题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“IN DEVILS LAKE, North Dakota, a man named Ray is making a batch of watermelon moonshine, a ruby-red alcoholic liquid.(在北达科他州的迪维尔湖，有个名叫雷的男子正在酿造一批西瓜烧酒，这是一种深红颜色的酒精饮品。)”可知，有个名叫雷的男子正在酿造酒精饮品，因此spirits指的是酒精饮品，此处表示“在美国在家自制烈酒一直是违法的行为”。 【58题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“In December the Competitive Enterprise Institute, representing hobbyists determined to make bourbon in backyards, challenged the ban in court. It argued that the government’s prohibition amounted to overreach. The government’s lawyers insisted that the federal powers to tax and regulate interstate commerce justified it. On July 10th a judge in Fort Worth, Texas, declared the law unconstitutional, saying the defence “missed the maker’s mark”.(去年12月，代表那些立志要在自家后院酿造波本威士忌的爱好者的美国竞争企业研究所向法院提起诉讼，挑战这项禁令。该研究所认为，政府的这项禁令属于越权行为。政府律师则坚称，联邦政府征收税款和监管州际贸易的权力为这项禁令提供了合理依据。7月10日，得克萨斯州沃思堡市的一名法官宣布该法律违宪，称辩方的理由“未能切中要害”。)”可知，7月10日，法庭上达成的共识是在美国，家庭酿造酒精不应被禁止。 【59题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Today’s wannabe distillers tend not to resemble the peddlers of the 1920s. Instead they characterize themselves as amateur scientists, and point to legalization as a way to make the hobby safer.(如今，那些渴望酿造烈酒的人往往与20世纪20年代的私酒贩子截然不同。他们将自己视为业余科学家，并指出，将酿造合法化是让这项爱好更安全的一种方式。)”可知，酿酒爱好者声称，将家庭酿造烈酒合法化可以提高其安全性。 【60题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The libertarian lawyers have nobler aims. To them the case is about getting rid of unnecessary regulations.(自由主义律师们的目标更为崇高。对他们而言，这个案子关乎废除不必要的监管规定。)”可知，自由主义律师支持家庭酿造烈酒，因为他们认为这是一场为生命和自由而战的斗争。 (B) Best Electronic Dictionaries Bottom line Perfect for Students: This pen is perfect for students who are learning other languages. Award-winning Design: Purposefully designed to provide a unique appearance and dual functionality. Superior Scanning: A scanning electronic dictionary. The size of a large pen. Has both an English and Chinese interface. Best for Kids: The interface is simple to use and fun. Designed for children still learning to read. Pros It uses a Wi-Fi connection to access text translations of 55 languages, plus when offline it can support translation for English, Spanish and Chinese. Slim and narrow style has dual use as a bookmark and dictionary. Contains over 35,000 words. Only requires batteries so customers can use it without internet or Wi-Fi access. A web-enabled electronic dictionary that can define any word simply by running the scanner over it. Also capable of providing fluent translations between traditional and simplified Chinese. As children encounter unfamiliar words, this dictionary will give them the proper spelling and meaning of the words. With a screen that is easy to read, the device is simple to use. Cons It takes 2 hours to charge and can only be used for up to 3 hours. Some users complain that it does not have a large enough vocabulary. Definition and translation accuracy drop when not connected to the internet. Because it’s intended for children learning to read, some users may find the database too small for their purposes. 61. According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE? A. IF electronic dictionary bookmark is perfectly designed for students learning other languages. B. With no internet access, You Dao may not be able to provide accurate definition and translation of a word. C. IF children’s electronic dictionary, with a reasonable database, is a right choice for children learning to spell. D. The electronic devices mentioned above can translate texts with or without internet and Wi-Fi accesses. 62. Li Hua is looking for a gift for her daughter’s high school admission. Her daughter is an enthusiastic English novel lover who likes to read anytime anywhere. His budget is $400. Which product should he choose? A. Tom-shine translation pen. B. IF electronic dictionary bookmark. C. You Dao dictionary mobile scanning pen translator. D. IF children’s electronic dictionary. 63. According to the passage, the website will be helpful to __________. A. designers trying to find inspirations for product design B. retailers manufacturing and selling a range of products C. experts reviewing and evaluating products for consumers D. consumers looking for the right product with good reviews 【答案】61. C 62. A 63. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍的是三款电子词典的相关信息。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据IF Electronic Dictionary一栏中Pros部分的“Slim and narrow style has dual use as a bookmark and dictionary. Contains over 35,000 words.(这款产品造型纤细修长，既可用作书签，又能充当词典，内置词汇量超过35,000个。)”可知，IF儿童电子词典配备内容合理的词库，是孩子们学习拼写的一个不错选择。 【62题详解】 推理判断题。根据Tom-shine translation pen一栏中Pros部分的“It uses a Wi-Fi connection to access text translations of 55 languages, plus when offline it can support translation for English, Spanish and Chinese.(它可通过Wi-Fi连接访问55种语言的文本翻译，并且在离线状态下仍支持英语、西班牙语和中文的翻译。)”以及价钱是$399.99可知，Tom-shine翻译笔可以让读者随时随地可以阅读，且价格在$400以下，因此符合题意。 【63题详解】 推理判断题。根据表格中的标题“Best Electronic Dictionaries(最佳电子词典)”及“Pros(优点)”和“Cons(缺点)”可知，本文主要介绍的是三款电子词典的相关信息，因此该网站将有助于寻求带有良好评价的合适产品的消费者。 (C) For centuries, two of the most intriguing questions about Leonardo Da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” were “Who?” and “When?” A discovery made at Heidelberg University in 2005 pretty much answered both. A note written in a manuscript in the library confirmed the account of da Vinci’s first biographer, Giorgio Vasari: that the sitter was a merchant’s wife, Lisa Gherardini. The note also helped date the masterpiece to between 1503 and 1506. A third conundrum —“Where?”— is still in dispute. But a French engineer, Pascal Cotte, declared that he and a collaborator had identified the landscape in the background of the painting. Mr Cotte believed that the artist was plausibly depicting a part of his homeland Tuscany — one that keenly interested him at the time. According to this theory, Da Vinci represented the area not as it was, but as, in an unrealised scheme, he intended it to be. Mr Cotte, who was asked by the Louvre (where the “Mona Lisa” hangs) to create a digital image of the painting, is the inventor of the multispectral camera: a device that can detect not only the hidden drawing below the surface of an oil painting, but also any intermediate layers of work that may exist. It was among these, under what appears to be a pointed rock, that he found a preparatory sketch (草图) showing that Da Vinci intended it to represent a tower. The landscape of the “Mona Lisa” also includes a huge overhanging cliff. That is similar to one that Da Vinci included in a sketch of a fortress (堡垒) fought over by Pisa and Florence in the war in 1503 (around the time he was painting “Mona Lisa”). The fortress with the nearby cliff — and a tower, known as the Caprona tower—all overlook the river Arno as it snakes from Florence to Pisa. All three also feature in drawings made by Da Vinci to illustrate a plan about which, says Mr Cotte, he became “obsessive”. This involved diverting the river Arno to cut off Pisa’s water supply and give Florence access to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two places at war, the idea was under active consideration. Mr Cotte argues that a channel winding through countryside at the right of the “Mona Lisa” is too wide to be a road and is instead the dried-up bed of the river Arno as Da Vinci envisaged it once his plan had been adopted. It never was. But if Mr Cotte’s theory is right, it might just explain why “Mona Lisa”, a Florentine, wears such a contented smile. 64. Mr Cotte reached his conclusion about the “Mona Lisa” by __________. A. referring to the note written in a manuscript B. comparing the pointed rock with the tower in the painting C. analyzing the tower in the hidden layer of the painting D. comparing the landscape in the painting to paintings in the late 1500s 65. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. Da Vinci’s plan gained attention because of the war. B. People from Florenceout off the water supply in Pisa. C. Da Vinci was obsessed with painting cliffs and rivers. D. A tower, a cliff, and a fortress are shown at the right of the “Mona Lisa”. 66. What is the most probable meaning of the underlined word “envisaged”? A. Diverted. B. Painted. C. Imagined. D. Recorded. 67. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Why did the “Mona Lisa” smile? B. The techniques behind the “Mona Lisa”. C. What makes the “Mona Lisa” charming? D. Where did the “Mona Lisa” smile? 【答案】64. C 65. A 66. C 67. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲的是达·芬奇名作《蒙娜丽莎》仍然存在争议的谜题——“画中背景是何处”及新理论。 【64题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It was among these, under what appears to be a pointed rock, that he found a preparatory sketch (草图) showing that da Vinci intended it to represent a tower.(正是在这些涂层中，在一块看似尖石的下方，科特发现了一幅预备草图，显示达·芬奇原本打算将其画成一座塔。)”可知，Mr Cotte关于《蒙娜丽莎》的结论是通过分析画中隐藏涂层中的塔得出的。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“This involved diverting the river Arno to cut off Pisa’s water supply and give Florence access to the Mediterranean. In the early 1500s, with the two places at war, the idea was under active consideration.(该计划涉及改道阿尔诺河，以切断比萨的水源供应，同时让佛罗伦萨获得通往地中海的通道。16世纪初，这两个地方正处于战争状态，这一计划当时正在被积极考虑。)”可知，达·芬奇的计划因战争而受到关注。 【66题详解】 词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的“once his plan had been adopted(一旦他的计划被采纳)”和最后一段“It never was.(但这一计划从未实现。)”可知，这个计划没有实现，所以是达·芬奇设想出来的，envisaged的意思是“设想”，和Imagined意思相近。 【67题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“A third conundrum—“Where?”—is still in dispute. But a French engineer, Pascal Cotte, declared that he and a collaborator had identified the landscape in the background of the painting. Mr Cotte believed that the artist was plausibly depicting a part of his homeland Tuscany—one that keenly interested him at the time.(第三个谜题——“画中背景是何处？”——至今仍存在争议。但法国工程师帕斯卡·科特（Pascal Cotte）宣称，他和一位合作者已识别出画中背景的风景。科特先生认为，这位艺术家很可能是在描绘他的家乡托斯卡纳的一部分——当时他对此地极为感兴趣。)”和第四段中的“The landscape of the “Mona Lisa” also includes a huge overhanging cliff.(《蒙娜丽莎》的背景中还包括一座巨大的悬岩。)”可知，本文主要围绕达·芬奇名作《蒙娜丽莎》仍然存在争议的谜题——“画中背景是何处”及新理论，因此最好的题目是D选项“Where did the “Mona Lisa” smile?(“蒙娜丽莎”微笑的地点在哪里？)”。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Why Male and Female Friendships Are So Different? While I was out to dinner with my husband, he told me that our mutual friends of 20 years had decided to end their marriage. I wanted to know the details: the why, the when, the where, but he did not have these details. When I pressed for answers, he said his friend brought it up briefly with a group of close guy friends, then moved on to a different subject. ____68____ This specific example paints the perfect pictures of the differences between men and women in terms of friendships. Female friendships thrive on intimacy and emotional connection. We, as females, want to talk about feelings, experience physical touch, make direct face-to-face contact. ____69____ The intimate, face-to-face relationships between women have a lot to do with oxytocin (催产素), the bonding hormone that is released during childbirth and nursing. Studies have shown that when women are stressed out, they do not just turn to the “fight-or-flight” response but also release oxytocin, which allows them to “tend and befriend.” It is believed that the hormone is the reason why women have a natural “maternal instinct (母性).” ____70____ By comparison, men tend to value friendships that are based more on shared activities, such as playing basketball, rather than the intimate, face-to-face relationships that women have. Thus, they do not feel the desire or need to discuss every detail and change in their life with a male friend. That being said, male friendships are generally less delicate than female friendships. Men tend not to wear their emotions on their sleeve. ____71____ But women bond through secret sharing and emotional intimacy, which can potentially create unpredictability in a friendship, especially if this sharing is one-sided. A. In short, we want to feel emotionally connected and supported. B. Not many questions were asked; not many details were given. C. Friendships between males tend to be more functional. D. While they may not share their secret feelings with close male friends, research shows that they are more likely to share them with a female friend. E. Nor do they feel pressure to reveal personal details and intimate secrets to maintain their friendship with another male. F. As a result, female friendships are based on emotional intimacy and connection. 【答案】68. B 69. A 70. F 71. E 【解析】 【导语】本文主要探讨的是男女友谊存在差异的原因。 【68题详解】 空前“While I was out to dinner with my husband, he told me that our mutual friends of 20 years had decided to end their marriage. I wanted to know the details: the why, the when, the where, but he did not have these details. When I pressed for answers, he said his friend brought it up briefly with a group of close guy friends, then moved on to a different subject.(我和丈夫外出用餐时，他告诉我，我们相识20年的共同好友决定结束婚姻。我迫切想知道细节：原因、时间、地点，可他却一无所知。当我追问答案时，他说他的朋友只是在一群关系要好的男性朋友面前简单提了一下这件事，随后就转移了话题。)”说明丈夫只是简单提了一下离婚的事，然后就转移话题了，B选项“Not many questions were asked; not many details were given.(没有太多问题被问；也没有给出太多细节。)”承接上文所说的“丈夫转移话题”，符合语境。 【69题详解】 空前“Female friendships thrive on intimacy and emotional connection. We, as females, want to talk about feelings, experience physical touch, make direct face-to-face contact.(女性友谊以亲密和情感联结为滋养。作为女性，我们渴望倾诉感受、体验身体接触、进行面对面的直接交流。)”说明的是女性友谊的一些特点，空格处也应该和女性友谊有关，A选项“In short, we want to feel emotionally connected and supported.(简而言之，我们渴望在情感上产生联结并获得支持。)”总结了女性友谊的特点，承接上文，符合语境。 【70题详解】 空前“The intimate, face-to-face relationships between women have a lot to do with oxytocin (催产素), the bonding hormone that is released during childbirth and nursing. Studies have shown that when women are stressed out, they do not just turn to the “fight-or-flight” response but also release oystocin, which allows them to “tend and befriend.” It is believed that the hormone is the reason why women have a natural “maternal instinct (母性).”(女性之间这种亲密的、面对面建立起来的关系，与催产素（一种在分娩和哺乳期间分泌的、能促进亲密感的激素）密切相关。研究表明，当女性面临压力时，她们不仅会触发“战斗或逃跑”的反应，还会分泌催产素，这使得她们倾向于“照顾与交友”。人们认为，这种激素正是女性拥有天然“母性本能”的原因。)”阐述了女性在压力下会释放催产素，使她们倾向于“照顾和交友”，这种激素被认为是女性有自然“母性本能”的原因，F选项“As a result, female friendships are based on emotional intimacy and connection.(因此，女性之间的友谊建立在情感的亲密与联结之上。)”说明了催产素使得女性之间的友谊建立在情感的亲密与联结之上，因此符合语境。 【71题详解】 空前“That being said, male friendships are generally less delicate than female friendships. Men tend not to wear their emotions on their sleeve.(话虽如此，男性友谊通常比女性友谊更不敏感脆弱。男性往往不会轻易表露自己的情绪。)”说明的男性友谊的特点，男性不轻易表露自己的情绪，E选项“Nor do they feel pressure to reveal personal details and intimate secrets to maintain their friendship with another male.(他们也不会为了维持与另一位男性的友谊而感到有压力去透露个人隐私和亲密秘密。)”说明了男性不会透露个人隐私和亲密秘密，和前文说的“不会轻易表露自己的情绪”呼应，因此符合语境。 IV. Summary Writing 72. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. For many well-educated travelers, buying a copy of Lonely Planet is the first task before taking a vacation abroad. Founded in 1973, Lonely Planet is the biggest guidebook series in many countries. It’s published in 11 languages including Chinese. But when the BBC confirmed on March 19 that it had sold the entire Lonely Planet series to a US billionaire at a significant deficit(赤字), many commented that the deal sang the swan song for the printed guidebook. The rise of the Internet and the prevalence of smartphones have become a burden on the print media. Why would travelers bring a heavy guidebook when they can download the apps to their smartphone in an instant? Furthermore, alternative and free travel content is readily available on the Internet, from Wikivoyage to TripAdvisor which provide excellent guidance on your trips. But the Internet is not the only reason that guidebooks are in decline. It is also widely accepted that the physical guidebook has such complete content that can kill any sense of personal exploration. With the guide books, all those backpacker feet ended up following routine trade routes, and in those routes was little room for initiative. It’s also pointed out that the guidebook is not exactly good for tourism. Often the shops and restaurants that thrived on a recommendation in the guidebook relaxed and discovered that it didn’t matter: the legions of eager travelers keep on coming anyway. They gradually become uncompetitive. And yet, despite the rise of new media, it’s believed there is still a place for printed guidebooks, at least for the time being as books still offer readers the kind of feeling that virtual tools can’t provide, more of a compelling, touchable interaction. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The changing-hands of the influential Lonely Planet at financial losses signified the breakdown of physical guidebooks. The decline is attributed to free quality content online and convenient smartphone apps. Besides, guidebooks’ comprehensiveness harms innovation and recommended businesses ultimately get slack and lose edge. However, offering different experience, guidebooks still have room for existence currently. 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括实体旅行指南《孤独星球》在财务方面损失的原因、影响和生存空间。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。 【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。 2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。 3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。 4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 73. 万一汽车中途抛锚，你知道正确的做法是什么吗? (break) （汉译英） 【答案】Do you know what is the correct thing to do in case / if the vehicle breaks down halfway? 【解析】 【详解】考查条件状语从句，宾语从句，时态和短语。万一汽车中途抛锚可以用条件状语从句，用if或者in case连接，汽车为“the vehicle”，抛锚用短语“break down”，中途为“halfway”；你知道用一般疑问句“Do you know”，正确的做法是什么为宾语从句，用what连接，译为“what is the correct thing to do”，描述一般事实，用一般现在时，故翻译为Do you know what is the correct thing to do in case / if the vehicle breaks down halfway?。 74. 这些交流生不禁感叹，建平值得参加的活动太多了! (worth) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These exchange students can’t help exclaiming that there are too many activities in Jianping that are worth participating in. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这些交流生”用these exchange students；表示“不禁感叹”用can’t help exclaiming；“感叹”后接宾语从句，从句成分和句意都完整，用that（that可省）引导；表示“有”用there be句型，主语“太多活动”用too many activities，“值得参加”处理为修饰activities的定语从句，表示“值得做”用be worth doing，表示“参与”用participate in，从句缺少主语，可用关系代词that引导。 75. 在全体居民的共同努力下，这个城市的市容正在好转，说明这些措施卓有成效。(witness) (汉译英) 【答案】With the joint efforts of all the residents, the appearance of this city is witnessing positive changes, which indicates that these measures are very effective. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语、时态、定语从句和名词性从句。“在全体居民的共同努力下”用介词短语With the joint efforts of all the residents；“这个城市的市容”翻译为the appearance of this city，在句中作主语，“正在好转”用现在进行时，翻译为is witnessing positive changes；指代前面一件事，所以用关系代词which引导非限定性定语从句。“说明”翻译为indicate，在从句中作谓语，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语which为概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。动词indicates后接宾语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，所以用关系代词that引导。“这些措施”翻译为these measures，主语是复数，谓语动词用are，后接形容词作表语。“卓有成效”翻译为very effective。故翻译为With the joint efforts of all the residents, the appearance of this city is witnessing positive changes, which indicates that these measures are very effective. 76. 这款游戏取材于中国神话，运用顶级的画面和丰富的细节，自今年8月全球上线以来，无比火爆。(anchor) (汉译英) ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This game is anchored in Chinese mythology, using top-tier graphics and rich details, and it has been extremely popular since it was launched globally in August this year. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这款游戏”用this game；表示“取材于中国神话”用be anchored in Chinese mythology，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，单数主语对应is；表示“运用顶级的画面和丰富的细节”用use top-tier graphics and rich details，逻辑主语This game与use之间为主动关系，use用现在分词作状语；表示“上市”用launch，表示“自今年8月全球上线以来”用 since it was launched globally in August this year；表示“无比火爆”用be extremely popular，since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，强调从过去持续到现在的状态。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $