精品解析：上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高二下学期6月期末英语试题

建平中学2024学年第二学期期末教学质量检测 高二英语试卷 出卷人&审卷人：高二英语备课组 说明：(1)本场考试时间为 120分钟，总分 140分; (2)请认真答卷，并用规范文字书写。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a hair salon. B. At a dentist’s. C. On a construction site. D. In a fitness club. 2. A.3. B.5. C.6.5. D.9.5. 3. A. Pointless. B. Necessary. C. Unimaginable. D. Motivating. 4. A. Ben was an unlucky workman. B. Ben could have succeeded. C. Ben was using bad luck as an excuse. D. Ben might have better luck next time. 5. A. Hot water isn’t available in the hotel until after 10 o’ clock. B. Hotel guests can use hot water for longer hours in winter. C. The man needs a hot bath after long hours’ work. D. The hotel doesn’t supply hot water all day along. 6. A. The woman should smile to others and be polite. B. The woman looks beautiful with her new hairstyle. C. The woman would look prettier if smiled all the time. D. The woman’s new hairstyle doesn’t look wonderful 7. A. The model car deserves a title. . B. The man should make the purchase. C. The man will get a refund soon. D. The model car will be sold in a week. 8. A. Their daughter should never get too close to her friends. B. Their daughter is really good at maintaining friendships. C. Their daughter should not keep a distance from friends. D. Their daughter should learn to keep good company. 9. A. He is much annoyed with the girl. B. He has left some food for the girl. C. He should have waited for the girl. D. He has set aside some butter for the girl. 10. A. The woman should do as the boss requires. B. The woman should turn to other colleagues for help. C. The woman should not invite everyone to the feast. D. The woman should talk to the boss immediately. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. She has composed a new song. B. She has made a stir on social media. C. She has starred in a new movie. D. She has become the oldest in the world. 12. A. To show why the family enjoys the longevity gene. B. To share the family’s daily routines with their friends. C. To comfort those whose grandparents have passed away. D. To make the family become a celebrity on TikTok. 13. A. Considerate. B. Optimistic. C. Knowledgeable. D. Generous. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Big cities have lost their appeal to seniors. B. Many urban residents flock to the countryside. C. The lockdown drives the young to rural life. D. Remote work reduces the appeal of big cities.. 15 A. Affordable housing rents. B. Easy access to nature. C. The busy city nightlife. D. A spacious apartment. 16. A. To settle down in the countryside. B. To adopt the remote working pattern. C. To return to London in the future. D. To advise friends to abandon city life. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. A7. A. The invention of chocolate chip cookies. B. Various food innovations in man’s history. C. Accidental discoveries in our everyday life. D. The unique manufacturing process of potato chips. 18. A. Because she would melt and mix them into the batter. B. Because she was short of regular ingredients. C. Because she wanted to save materials and money. D. Because she ‘d like to make the chocolate chsp cookie. 19. A. Because he wanted to salt them heavily to make them delicious. B Because his customers were crazy about potatoes cooked that way. C. Because they were a regular item on the restaurant’s menu. D. Because he became sick of customers’ criticism and decided to fight back 20. A. She thought them too good to be true. B. She considered them very innovative. C. She found them quite ridicuous. D. She felt amazed at them. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chasing Happiness Can Backfire Nobody needs to be taught that life is hard-we quickly learn that ourselves. But what many people _____1_____ (teach) — sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly (直白地) — is that life only starts after the hard parts go away. That if you’re feeling anxious, you need to fix it before you can speak up. That if you’re grieving, you can’t begin again unless you wait _____2_____ the sadness is gone. The mental rule is ____3____ you save to avoid feeling bad to feel good, and you need to feel good so that you will be able to do good. But it’s a trap. And it’s one we fall into because it almost makes sense. We’re adapted to ____4____ (fix) problems. When we touch a hot stove, we pull our hand away. When we treat illness, we expect recovery. But the world inside our skin plays ____5____ a different rule: when it comes to thoughts and feelings, trying to eliminate pain often makes it _____6_____ (bad). The human mind is such an amazing tool _____7_____ allows us to imagine, plan, evaluate, and create. But that same mind also tells us we shouldn’t be feeling what we’ re feeling . It whispers: “You have to get rid of this first. You have to feel better before you can move forward.” In sence, this process is called “experiential avoidance” or “EA” and it’s one of the most textic ways _____8_____ (involve) in the world. The more we begin to organize our lives around not feeling certain things, the more we numb ourselves, and the more our lives will shrink. But there’s another form of EA. It is based on slight alteration of that same rule: you have to hang on _____9_____ feeling good or you will feel bad. The fact is, the more we chase “happiness” in a ______10______ (cling) fashion, the more it flees away! In science this process is called “experiential attachment”, another form of “EA” that is just as toxic to our well-being as the first kind. 【答案】1. are taught 2. until 3. that 4. fixing 5. by 6. worse 7. as 8. to be involved 9. to 10. clinging 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了追求幸福可能适得其反，并解释了“体验回避”和“体验依恋”两种心理现象及其对生活的影响。 【1题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：但许多人被教导——有时是微妙地，有时是直白地——生活只有在艰难的部分消失后才开始。空处为句子的谓语动词。句子陈述一般事实，所以用一般现在时态，且主语和该动词之间为被动语态，主语many people为复数。故填are taught。 【2题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果你在悲伤，除非等到悲伤消失，否则你不能重新开始。此处需要一个连词来连接前后两个分句，表示“直到……才”的意思，引导时间状语从句，所以用until。故填until。 【3题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：心理规则是，你通过避免感觉不好来感觉良好，并且你需要感觉良好以便能够做好事。空处引导表语从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，所以用that来引导表语从句。故填that。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们习惯于解决问题。adapt to doing sth.是固定搭配，表示“习惯于做某事”，所以此处应用fixing作为to的宾语。故填fixing。 【5题详解】 考查介词。句意：但我们皮肤内的世界遵循不同的规则：当涉及到想法和感受时，试图消除痛苦往往会使情况变得更糟。play by the rule是固定短语，表示“遵循规则”。故填by。 【6题详解】 考查比较级。句意：同上。此处表示试图消除痛苦往往会使情况“变得更糟”，所以用bad的比较级worse作为make的宾语补足语，表示情况的变化。故填worse。 【7题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：人类大脑是一个如此惊人的工具，它允许我们想象、计划、评估和创造。空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中，当先行词被such修饰时，关系代词常用as来引导，且as在从句中可作主语。故填as。 【8题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在某种程度上，这个过程被称为“体验回避”或“EA”，它是世界上最有害的参与方式之一。the way to do sth.表示“做某事的方式”，且此处表示“被参与”的被动意义，所以用动词不定式的被动语态，故填to be involved。 【9题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：你必须要紧紧抓住感觉良好的状态，否则你会感到糟糕。hang on to为固定短语，含义为“抓紧某物”，符合语境，故填to。 【10题详解】 考查形容词。句意：事实是，我们越是以一种狂热的方式追求 “幸福”，它就越是会溜走！空白处在句子中作定语，使用形容词，因空白处表示的是一种属性，使用v-ing形式的形容词，故填clinging。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. channel B. featuring C figure D hanging E. initially F. oral G. ritually H. scare I. surge J. troubled K. worn Keeping the Five Venoms at Bay In China, people refer to the fifth lunar month as the “month of poison,” since the warmer, wetter climate brings a ____11____ in creatures thought to be venomous (有毒的). During the Dragon Boat Festival, people traditionally ward off the “five venoms” — snakes, scorpions, centipedes, geckos, and toads — though some are actually harmless. These venomous creatures have long ____12____ the Chinese, who have imagined them as evil spirits. Then various remedies have been developed. For instance, many people hang the herb on their doors to prevent them from entering. Some even weave the Chinese mugwort (艾草) into a human or tiger ___13___ for better effect. Additionally, ____14____ ones, such as adding realgar (雄黄), a type of mineral, to alcohol to create realgar wine, have been used a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine to get rid of poisons. Apart from herbs, people also rely on symbolic items for protection. One example is the use of five-colored threads (五彩绳), ___15___ to prevent disease. Legend holds that after the poet Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River, people made zongzi and threw them into the water as offerings to him. To ____16____ off the dragons in the river that night eat the offerings, people used the five-colored threads to wrap up the zongzi. Children also wear clothes or shoes ___17___ patterns of the “five venoms” to get away from them. In addition, ancient Chinese people believed in the magical power of talismans (符). Red paper bearing the “five venoms” would be pinned to walls and pierced with needles. This was believed to ____18____ kill the venoms and prevent them from making their presence felt. Today, some of these ancient customs of driving away the “five venoms” remain alive in Chinese culture. Even in cities, you can see people with mugwort ____19____ in front of their homes. From a modern perspective, these traditions ____20____ ancient wisdom into modern practices. 【答案】11. I 12. J 13. C 14. F 15. K 16. H 17. B 18. G 19. D 20. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统习俗中端午节驱“五毒”的由来及相关做法，包括使用草药、象征物品和符咒等，展现了古代智慧在现代的延续。 【11题详解】 考查名词。句意：在中国，人们把农历五月称为“毒月”，因为温暖潮湿的气候会导致被认为有毒的生物激增。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作宾语，根据上文的“the warmer, wetter climate”可知，温暖潮湿的气候会导致有毒生物“激增”，surge意为“激增；猛增”，指生物数量因气候原因增多，符合“毒月”的语境。故选I项。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：这些有毒生物长期以来困扰着中国人，他们将其想象成恶灵。分析句子结构，空格处需填入动词作谓语，根据下文的“who have imagined them as evil spirits.”可知，恶灵应该给人带来困扰，troubled意为“困扰；使忧虑”，与“imagined as evil spirits”呼应，体现古人对五毒的恐惧。故选J项。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：有些人甚至把艾草编织成人体或老虎的形状，以达到更好的效果。分析句子可知，空格处需填入名词作宾语，根据常识和上文的“Some even weave the Chinese mugwort (艾草) into a human or tiger”可知，此处指的是编织成人形，figure意为“形状；形象”，human or tiger figure表示“人形或虎形”，符合编织艾草的做法。故选C项。 【14题详解】 考查形容词。句意：此外，口服疗法，如将雄黄（一种矿物）加入酒中制成雄黄酒，已被用作中药的一部分来排毒。分析句子可知，空格处需填入形容词修饰ones，根据下文的“adding realgar (雄黄), a type of mineral, to alcohol to create realgar wine”可知，此处指的是口服的药物，oral意为“口服的”，oral ones指代“口服的药物”，与“加入酒中”的做法对应。故选F项。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个例子是使用五彩绳，传统上用于预防疾病。分析句子结构，空格处需填入非谓语动词作定语，根据上文的“One example is the use of five-colored threads (五彩绳)”可知，此处指的是“穿戴”相关的话题，逻辑主语是“five-colored threads”，worn意为“穿戴的”，此处指五彩绳“被佩戴”以辟邪，过去分词表被动。故选K项。 【16题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了吓跑当晚河里想吃祭品的龙，人们用五彩绳包裹粽子。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词，根据上文的“people made zongzi and threw them into the water as offerings to him.”可知，人们往水里扔粽子是为了吓跑龙，scare off为固定搭配，意为“避开；吓跑”，“throw zongzi into water”的行为呼应，体现驱邪目的。故选H项。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：孩子们还会穿带有“五毒”图案的衣服或鞋子来躲避它们。分析句子结构，空格处需填入非谓语动词作定语，根据下文的“patterns of the “five venoms” to get away from them.”可知，此处表示穿戴的服装的特征，其逻辑主语是“clothes or shoes”，featuring意为“以……为特色；带有”，现在分词表主动，指衣物上“有五毒图案”。故选B项。 【18题详解】 考查副词。句意：这被认为能仪式性地杀死毒物，防止它们出现。分析句子可知，空格处需填入副词修饰动词kill，根据上文“Red paper bearing the “five venoms” would be pinned to walls and pierced with needles.”可知，这是人们为辟邪所举行的仪式，ritually意为“仪式上地”，与“pin red paper and pierce with needles”的仪式行为对应，体现传统做法的象征性。故选G项。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：即使在城市里，你也能看到人们把艾草挂在家门口。分析句子结构，空格处需填入非谓语动词作宾补，根据下文的“in front of their homes.”可知，艾草应是挂在门前，其逻辑主语是“mugwort”，hanging意为“悬挂”，现在分词表状态，指艾草“被挂在门前”的状态。故选D项。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：从现代的角度来看，这些传统将古代智慧转化为现代实践。分析句子可知，空格处需填入动词作谓语，根据下文的“into modern practices.”可知，此处指的是将古代智慧转化为现代实践，channel...into...为固定搭配，意为“将……导入/转化为”，符合“传统智慧延续到现代”的语境。故选A项。 III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. No, You Don’t Get an A Just for Effort After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in the book from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new complaint: “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” High marks are for ____21____, not grit (硬扛，死磕). In the past, students understood that hard work was not sufficient; an A required great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In surveys, two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for ____22____ at (most) classes. This isn’t Gen Z’s fault. It’s the result of a(n) ____23____ about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck published groundbreaking experiments that changed how many parents and teachers talk to kids. Praising kids for their abilities ____24____ their resilience (韧劲), making them more likely to give up when they encountered setbacks. To persist and learn in the face of challenges, kids needed to believe that abilities and skills are ____25____, and the best way to nurture this growth mindset was to shift from praising intelligence to effort. This idea quickly made its way into viral articles, best-selling books and popular TED talks. Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort cultivates a strong work ethic and reinforces learning. That’s especially ____26____ for students who weren’t born into comfort or don’t have a record of achievement. ____27____, the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work. We are treating it as an end in itself. We’ve taught a generation of kids that their worth is defined ____28____ by their work ethic. That does great harm to the students. One study found that if there wasn’t a time limit, the higher people scored on their own ____29____, the more likely they were to stick to a task they will never accomplish. This is what worries me most about valuing perseverance above all else: It can motivate people to stick with a bad ____30____ instead of developing better ones. With students, a textbook example is pulling all-nighters rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents owe kids a more ____31____ message. There’s a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest. Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式). Ability, opportunity and luck ____32____, too. The ideal ____33____ to a disappointing grade is not to complain that your diligence wasn’t rewarded. It’s to ask how you could make your investment ____34____ better. Trying harder isn’t always the answer. Sometimes it’s working smarter, and other times it’s working on something else altogether. Every teacher should support students to succeed. In my classes, I make it clear that my goal is to give as many A’s as possible. But they’re earned through mastering all. The true ____35____ of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you take out. 21. A. industriousness B. engagement C. morality D. excellence 22. A. doing well B. showing up C. nodding off D. burning out 23. A. misunderstanding B. stretching C. extinction D. emergence 24. A. creates B. restores C. stocks D. hurts 25. A. intangible B. attainable C. preservable D. valuable 26. A. fearful B. sentimental C. dreary D. important 27. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides 28. A. barely B. initially C. primarily D. proportionately 29. A. grit B. education C. adaptability D. intellect 30. A. tendency B. strategy C. motive D. criterion 31. A. balanced B. universal C. motivational D. random 32. A. vary B. arise C. count D. interfere 33. A. switch B. response C. obstacle D. access 34. A. run out B. drop in C. catch on D. pay off 35. A. measurement B. significance C. theory D. reward 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者结合自己最近在教学中听到学生对成绩抱怨的经历，探讨了教育不应仅以努力程度作为评分标准，卓越的成果才是获得高分的正当理由，指出过度强调努力反而会让学生陷入低效策略，平衡看待能力、方法和机会才是关键。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：高分代表优秀，而不是坚韧。A. industriousness勤勉；B. engagement参与；C. morality道德；D. excellence优秀。根据下文“an A required great work”可知，得A需要出色的工作，因此高分代表的是优秀。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：在调查中，三分之二的大学生表示，“努力”应该是他们成绩的一个因素，三分之一的人认为，他们应该至少得到一个B，因为他们在（大多数）课程中都出现了。A. doing well表现好；B. showing up出现；C. nodding off打瞌睡；D. burning out精疲力竭。根据上文“Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge.”可知，许多学生期望根据他们努力的数量而不是知识的质量得到奖励，因此其想法会是因为在课程中出现而至少得到一个B。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对最流行的教育理论之一的误解的结果。A. misunderstanding误解；B. stretching延伸；C. extinction灭绝；D. emergence出现。根据下文“____7____, the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work. We are treating it as an end in itself.”可知，我们已经养成了庆祝辛勤工作的习惯，把它本身看作是目的，这是对教育理论的误解。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：赞扬孩子的能力会伤害他们的韧性，使他们更有可能在遇到挫折时放弃。A. creates创造；B. restores恢复；C. stocks储存；D. hurts伤害。根据下文“making them more likely to give up when they encountered setbacks”可知，这会让孩子更有可能在遇到挫折时放弃，因此是指伤害他们的韧性。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了在挑战面前坚持和学习，孩子们需要相信能力和技能是可以获得的，而培养这种成长心态的最好方法是从赞扬智力转变为赞扬努力。A. intangible无形的；B. attainable可获得的；C. preservable可保存的；D. valuable有价值的。根据下文“this growth mindset”可知，成长心态对应的是相信能力和技能是可以获得的。故选B。 【26题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这对那些并非出生在舒适环境或没有成就记录的学生尤其重要。A. fearful害怕的；B. sentimental感伤的；C. dreary沉闷的；D. important重要的。根据下文“for students who weren’t born into comfort or don’t have a record of achievement”可知，对那些并非出生在舒适环境或没有成就记录的学生而言，奖励努力从而培养强烈的职业道德，并加强学习是很重要的。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，问题是我们已经养成了庆祝辛勤工作的习惯。A. Therefore因此；B. Otherwise否则；C. However然而；D. Besides此外。根据上文“Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort cultivates a strong work ethic and reinforces learning.”和下文“the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work”可知，前面肯定奖励努力的意义，后面指出我们面临的问题，前后是转折关系，应用However“然而”衔接。故选C。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们教育了一代孩子，他们的价值主要是由他们的职业道德来定义的。A. barely几乎不；B. initially最初地；C. primarily主要地；D. proportionately成比例地。根据上文“We are treating it as an end in itself.”可知，我们把庆祝辛勤工作本身看作是目的，这会导致让孩子们认为他们的价值主要是由职业道德来定义的。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项研究发现，如果没有时间限制，人们在自己的毅力上得分越高，他们就越有可能坚持完成一项他们永远无法完成的任务。A. grit毅力；B. education教育；C. adaptability适应性；D. intellect智力。根据下文“This is what worries me most about valuing perseverance above all else”可知，作者很担心把毅力看得比什么都重要这件事，因此是指在自己的毅力上得分越高。故选A。 【30题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：把毅力看得比什么都重要，这是我最担心的：它会促使人们坚持一个糟糕的策略，而不是发展出更好的策略。A. tendency趋势；B. strategy策略；C. motive动机；D. criterion标准。根据下文“With students, a textbook example is pulling all-nighters rather than spacing out their studying over a few days.”可知，后面举出学生通宵学习而非在几天内分开学习的例子，这是他们对待学习的策略，因此是指会促使人们坚持一个糟糕的策略。故选B。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老师和家长应该给孩子一个更平衡的讯息。A. balanced平衡的；B. universal普遍的；C. motivational激励的；D. random随机的。根据下文“There’s a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest, not the ones who train the hardest. Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式).”可知，奖牌奖励的是卓越的表现，而非仅仅是刻苦的训练，影响成就的变量很多，动机只是其中一个，因此是指给孩子一个更平衡的关于成就的讯息。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：能力、机会和运气也很重要。A. vary变化；B. arise出现；C. count重要；D. interfere干扰。根据上文“Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式).”可知，影响成就的变量很多，能力、机会和运气也很重要。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：面对令人失望的成绩，理想的反应不是抱怨你的勤奋没有得到回报。A. switch切换；B. response反应；C. obstacle障碍；D. access使用权。根据下文“not to complain that your diligence wasn’t rewarded”可知，抱怨勤奋没有得到回报不是面对令人失望的成绩的理想反应。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：而是问你如何才能让你的投入取得更好的效果。A. run out用完；B. drop in顺访；C. catch on流行；D. pay off取得好效果。根据此处是讨论如何取得更好的成就的情境，以及上文“how you could make your investment”可知，学生需要思考的是如何才能让投入更好地奏效，即取得更好的效果。故选D。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：学习的真正衡量标准不是你投入的时间和精力。A. measurement衡量；B. significance意义；C. theory理论；D. reward奖励。根据上文“In my classes, I make it clear that my goal is to give as many A’s as possible. But they’re earned through mastering all.”可知，A是通过掌握所有技能而获得的，因此是指学习的真正衡量标准不是投入的时间和精力。故选A。 Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (A) If Timothy White were Captain America, perhaps simply one fling (挥动) of the superhero’s trademark shield could have saved the day. But this was real life. And though White has dressed up as Captain America for conventions, parades and the local Anti-Bullying Superhero Day, when he spotted trouble on this September afternoon he wasn’t wearing his costume and couldn’t rely on any superpowers. White, 38, was driving home when he noticed a gray Nissan four-door pickup (皮卡货车). It was hard to miss,since it made a turn and headed for the curb (马路牙子) before course-correcting, only to head for the curb again. As the pickup drew closer, White got a good look at the problem: The driver appeared to be asleep. Pretty soon, this guy’s going to crash into a house and kill himself or somebody else, White thought. While many people would have kept on driving, that’s not how White operates. He had to stop that vehicle. White pulled his car over and jumped out. The truck was going 10 to 15 mph, White estimates. He darted into the road, running around to the driver’s side. The window was down on this temperate autumn day. White grabbed the frame of the window — his legs moving in step with the pickup — and leaped in. The man behind the wheel, 64-year-old Todd DeAngelis, was just conscious enough to be startled by the peculiar sight of a stranger lying across his stomach, and he let out a yelp. White worked quickly. He took hold of the gear shift and forced the pickup into park, bringing it to a sudden stop. He jumped out of the truck window the same way he came in. From outside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK. “No,” he replied, in a haze. DeAngelis, a diabetic, was unexpectedly facing dangerously low blood sugar. An ambulance soon arrived and took DeAngelis to a hospital, where it was determined that had his blood sugar gone much lower, he could have gone into a diabetic coma. “He kept me from a much worse accident than it could have been,” DeAngelis said after his recovery. White’s actions that day were not out of character. As a teenager, he once kicked in the door of a house that was on fire to see if anyone was trapped inside. Fortunately, the house was empty. “I’m always trying to help, where I can, when I can,” he says. But jumping into a moving vehicle to prevent a crash? White admits this was new territory. “It took me a couple of days,” he says, “and a couple of beers, to chill out.” 36. Why does the author mention Captain America at the opening paragraph? A. To emphasize the impact of comic book conventions on people’s daily life. B. To explain why White was unable to save people with superpowers that day. C. To emphasize that real heroism comes from character not superpowers, by contrast. D. To suggest that White wished he had superpowers by dressing up like Captain America. 37. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Timothy White managed to save the driver by breaking the window, using his strength to push the truck off the road and pulling the driver out. B. Timothy White noticed the truck’s abnormal movements because the driver was asleep at the wheel, which prompted his immediate intervention. C. Wimothy White jumped into the moving truck through the open window and shifted it into park, saving the driver who was suffering from low blood sugar. D. After forcing the truck to stop, White immediately administered first at d to the driver outside the truck before the ambulance arrived. 38. What does the underlined phrase “in a haze” most likely mean? A. In anger. B. In a hurry. C. In concentration. D. In dizziness. 39. What can be inferred about Timothy What e from the passage? A. He often dreams and pretends to be a superhero to gain attention. B. He had a natural tendency to help others in dangerous situations. C. It wasn’t the first time he had jumped through a car window to save people. D. He relied on alcohol to cope with stress, tension and fear regularly. 【答案】36. C 37. C 38. D 39. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Timothy White在现实生活中英勇救人的故事，突出了他乐于助人的品质。 【36题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第1段“But this was real life. And though White has dressed up as Captain America for conventions, parades and the local Anti-Bullying Superhero Day, when he spotted trouble on this September afternoon he wasn’t wearing his costume and couldn’t rely on any superpowers.(但这却是真实的生活。尽管怀特曾在各种活动、游行以及当地的“反欺凌超级英雄日”上身着美国队长的服装，但在这个九月的下午，当他发现有麻烦时，他并未穿着那套服装，也无法依靠任何超能力。)”可知，作者通过讲述他并未穿着制服，也无法依靠超能力，对比虚构的超能力和现实中的英勇行为，来强调真正的英雄主义源于品格而非超能力。故选C。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第4段的“White grabbed the frame of the window — his legs moving in step with the pickup — and leaped in.(怀特伸手抓住窗户的框架——他的双腿与皮卡车的行驶节奏保持同步——然后纵身跳了进去。)”和第七段的“DeAngelis, a diabetic, was unexpectedly facing dangerously low blood sugar.( 迪安吉利斯患有糖尿病，当时正意外面临低血糖危险)”可知，威米托·怀特从开着的车窗跳进了行驶中的卡车里，然后将卡车停到了指定位置，从而救下了那位因低血糖而身体不适的司机。故选C。 【38题详解】 词句猜测题。根据上文“From outside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK. “No,” he replied (从卡车外面，怀特问德安吉利斯是否还好。“不好，”他回答道。)”和下文“DeAngelis, a diabetic, was unexpectedly facing dangerously low blood sugar.( 迪安吉利斯患有糖尿病，当时正意外面临低血糖危险)”可推知，该短语描述其因低血糖而意识模糊的状态。故选D。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第2段“White’s actions that day were not out of character. As a teenager, he once kicked in the door of a house that was on fire to see if anyone was trapped inside.(那天怀特先生的行为并不出乎人们的意料。在青少年时期，他曾踹开了一间着火房屋的门，想看看里面是否有人被困。)”及最后一段““I’m always trying to help, where I can, when I can,” he says.(他说：“只要有可能，只要我能做到，我就会尽力帮忙。”)”可知，怀特先生时刻准备好帮助他人，天生乐于帮助处于危险中的人。故选B项 (B) How to Apply to a Chinese university in 2025 Planning to study abroad in China is easier than you may think. China has become more and more popular over the past years due to its great educational facilities, renowned science and technology degrees, and up to 30 top-ranked higher educational institutions. If you decided to study here, read below the easy steps for applying to a Chinese university. Choose universities and programmes Prior to the application, if you have clear ideas about the universities, locations, majors and (or) programmes to which you intend to apply. The International Services China website provides basic information on universities that you can apply to. Click “Apply Now” within the website to access the official website of the universities’ international students’ office for detailed application procedures. Prepare application documents Application documents vary with different universities, degrees, and programs. These include, but are not limited to: passport photo, graduation certificate, academic transcript from last graduated school, Chinese/ English language proficiency certificate (HSK (Chinese-proficiency test) score for Chinese-taught programmes, and IELTS for English-taught programmes), and recommendation letters from previous school teachers. 60 Upon receiving your application documents, the Chinese institution will review your qualification and decide whether to accept you based on academic performance, language proficiency and other criteria. Admission decisions are typically made within four to eight weeks. Successful applicants receive an admission letter and Visa-application forms JW202/JW2011 for visa processing. Preparations before departure Apply for the Chinese student visa as soon as possible. Check with the Chinese embassy/ consulate in your area for details. Arrange a health insurance plan. You can get your insurance from your home country or purchase a health insurance card once you arrive in China. Admission requirements in China 40. Which of the following descriptions best fits into the blank? A Prepare for admission tests B. Obtain admission results C. Transfer registration fees D. Wait for a scholarship approval 41. Which of the following statements is true according to the diagram? A Students must complete a Bachelor’s degree in China before applying for a Master’s. B. Language courses in China are compulsory before starting a Bachelor’s degree. C. Employment is a possible outcome after completing any higher education degree in China. D. Secondary education must be completed in China to qualify for Bachelor’s studies. 42. The passage is primarily targeted at _______. A. university professors seeking research collaborations in China B. Chinese high school students preparing for the Gaokao exam C. international students who are planning to study in China D. parents of domestic Chinese students choosing a local university 【答案】40. B 41. C 42. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍2025年申请中国大学的步骤及相关注意事项。 【40题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文中空白处后的“Upon receiving your application documents, the Chinese institution will review your qualification and decide whether to accept you based on academic performance, language proficiency and other criteria. Admission decisions are typically made within four to eight weeks. Successful applicants receive an admission letter and Visa-application forms JW202/JW2011 for visa processing. (收到申请材料后，中方机构将审核您的资质，并根据学业成绩、语言能力及其他标准决定是否录取。录取结果通常在 4 至 8 周内公布。通过审核的申请者将收到录取通知书及用于办理签证的 JW202/JW201 表格。)”可知，这部分讲述的是申请后获取录取结果的流程，因此空白处应填“Obtain admission results（获取录取结果）”。故选B项。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据Admission requirements in China图表中“Possible outcomes”部分的“Employment”可知，在中国完成任何高等教育学位后，就业是一种可能的结果。故选C项。 【42题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Planning to study abroad in China is easier than you may think.(计划来中国留学比你想象的要容易。)”以及第二段中的“If you decided to study here, read below the easy steps for applying to a Chinese university.(如果你决定来此求学，请阅读以下申请中国大学的简易步骤。)”和文中多次提到的“international students(国际学生)”、“visa processing(签证办理)”等信息可知，这篇文章主要针对计划来中国留学的国际学生。故选C项。 (C) The teacher starts with the basics: how to thread a needle. Then she shows the students how to mend a torn shirt. The sewing class is part of a free, one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”. The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s. Such programmes are designed to help people “navigate adulthood”, even those who, legally and practically, have been navigating it for quite some time. The topics run from basic — how to dress appropriately for a job interview — to advanced, such as how to file income taxes. Raffi Grinberg created “Adulting 101” at Boston College, which was inspired by his first day working at Bain& Company. He and his peers had to decide which health-insurance plan to choose, how much of his salary to devote to saving for retirement, and other financial details. “Every one of us went out and called our parents,” he admits. “We were graduates of elite schools, and we still didn’t know what to do.” The rise in need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence, which have grown more digital and less physical. American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens. TikTok and YouTube do offer handy tutorials on all manner of household chores. But most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers. In Infantilised: How Our Culture Killed Adulthood, Keith Hayward argued that there has been a generational shift and that young people are less mature than their forebears were at the same age. They are shrinking from responsibilities such as marriage, homeowning, and child-rearing because “adulting is hard”. He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders have to offer: “Parents and grandparents are seen as idiots who can’t work the Wi-Fi.” If parents are not providing advice on life’s many essential tasks, “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” Such perspectives may ring true. But young people are remaining in education for longer, meaning that financial independence, partners, and children necessarily come later. And adulting is, in fact, hard. The world is more complex than it was. Take financial decisions. People opening their first bank account have to choose between a main-street branch and an array of online banks and bank-like institutions. Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters’ delayed maturity. But indulged children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them. Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt. 43. If you were to design an “Adulting 101” course based on what you’ve learned from this passage which of the following topics would be most suitable? A. Learning Spanish with ChatGPT B. Modern literature appreciation C. Financial literacy after graduation D. Navigating the mechanism behind Tik Tok 44. What does the author mean by saying “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” A. These classes make up for the absence of parental guidance. B. These classes are more feasible than parental suggestions. C. The courses can offer knowledge beyond daily skills. D. The role of parental advice is no longer crucial because of these courses. 45. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. parents nowadays are incapable of offering useful life advice B. young people consider life skills less necessary in the digital age C. a lack of meaning content online is to blame for delayed adulthood D. social changes better explain delayed adulthood than personal failings 46. What is the author’s attitude towards the adulting courses? A. They help adults identify and bridge their knowledge gap. B. They arise and popularize for justifiable reasons. C. They are a worrisome reflection of generational failure. D. They reflect the drawbacks of family and school education. 【答案】43. C 44. A 45. D 46. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了 “Adulting 101” 这类帮助人们适应成年生活的课程，分析了其兴起的原因，包括年轻人成长环境变化、对长辈建议兴趣缺缺以及社会本身变得更复杂等因素，同时探讨了人们对该课程的看法。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Such programmes are designed to help people “navigate adulthood”, even those who, legally and practically, have been navigating it for quite some time. The topics run from basic — how to dress appropriately for a job interview—— to advanced, such as how to file income taxes.(这类课程旨在帮助人们 “适应成年生活”，即便对那些从法律层面和实际生活来讲，早已开启成年生活有一段时间的人来说，亦是如此。课程主题涵盖广泛，从基础内容，比如如何为求职面试得体着装，到高阶内容，例如如何申报所得税)” 可知，“Adulting 101” 课程旨在助力人们应对成年生活，涵盖从基础到高级的各种生活实用技能主题。C 选项“Financial literacy after graduation（毕业后的金融知识）”，毕业后涉及到理财等金融方面决策，属于成年生活的重要部分，故选C。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders have to offer: “Parents and grandparents are seen as idiots who can’t work the Wi-Fi.” If parents are not providing advice on life’s many essential tasks, “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.(他补充说，如今的年轻人对长辈所能传授的东西也不太感兴趣：“父母和祖父母被看成是不会使用无线网络的笨蛋。” 如果父母没有就生活中诸多重要事务给出建议，“那就只能由这些课程来填补空白了”) ” 可知，现在年轻人对长辈建议不感兴趣，父母若不提供生活重要任务的建议，这些课程就会承担起相应责任。故选A。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But young people are remaining in education for longer, meaning that financial independence, partners, and children necessarily come later. And adulting is, in fact, hard. The world is more complex than it was.(但年轻人接受教育的时间越来越长，这意味着经济独立、寻找伴侣以及生儿育女的时间必然会推迟。事实上，成年后的生活很艰难。如今的世界比过去更加复杂)” 可知，年轻人因接受教育时间延长，成年相关事务推迟，且社会变得更复杂。这表明社会变化对成年延迟的解释力更强，而非个人的失败。故选D。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“The rise in need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence, which have grown more digital and less physical.(对成人课程需求的增加，部分反映了童年和青少年时期性质的变化，这些时期变得更加数字化，而身体活动减少)，第六段“He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders have to offer: “Parents and grandparents are seen as idiots who can’t work the Wi-Fi.” If parents are not providing advice on life’s many essential tasks, “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.”(他补充说，如今的年轻人对长辈所能传授的东西也不太感兴趣：“父母和祖父母被看成是不会使用无线网络的笨蛋。”如果父母没有就生活中诸多重要事务给出建议，“那就只能由这些课程来填补空白了”)”说明因年轻人对长辈建议不感兴趣，父母指导缺失，使得成人课程有了存在的必要，这也是课程兴起的合理理由。根据倒数第二段“But young people are remaining in education for longer, meaning that financial independence, partners, and children necessarily come later. And adulting is, in fact, hard. The world is more complex than it was.”(但年轻人接受教育的时间更长，这意味着经济独立、伴侣和孩子必然会来得更晚。而且事实上，成年生活很艰难。世界比过去更复杂了)”可知，作者提到了成年课程需求增加是因为童年和青少年时期的变化，年轻人对长辈建议不感兴趣以及社会变得更复杂，导致成年生活变难，这些都表明成年课程兴起有合理原因。同时提到愿意花时间参加课程学习生活技能的是成熟的人，侧面说明课程流行也有其合理性。所以作者认为成年课程是因合理原因产生并流行的。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. More Relevant Than Ever: Ghost in the Shell At 30 On May 10th, Ghost in the Shell was released in the Chinese mainland for the first time, celebrating the 30th anniversary of the anime (日本动漫) classic. What felt like a philosophical fantasy in 1995 is becoming a wise prediction about the near future. If you don’t know, Ghost in the Shell is set in a world where humans live alongside cyborgs that are part human, part machine. The lead character is Major Motoko Kusanagi, a cyborg agent working for an intelligence department. When tasked with tracking a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master, she is forced to confront existential questions about identity and the nature of self. It seems that the distinction between human and machine is no longer clear. ________47________ We are living at a time when our identities are extending into the digital world. ________48________ Reality is being shaped by the algorithms as we are shown only what we want to see. Meanwhile, face and fingerprint recognition allows us convenient access to devices and even physical spaces. Our thoughts, choices, and emotions become data points. and we are largely defined by social media profiles and digital footprints. _______49_______ Unlike many sci-fi films, it does not present technology as evil; rather, it examines our interdependent relationship with it. In doing so, it exposes how easily we give up autonomy for convenience. MajorKusanagi is known by her colleagues as the artificial “shell” she occupies, yet she constantly wonders whether she has any true self inside. In a lot of ways, we are all Major Kusanagi, questioning essentially “What makes me me?” But there’s no need to panic. Existential crises existed long before we even thought about machines replacing us. When director Mamoru Oshii made Ghost in the Shell, it was less about the rise of technology than the essence of human beings. _______50_______ . Thanks to developing technologies, we are changing faster than ever now — that’s just human nature. A. According to the Puppet Master: “To be human is to continually change.” B. The very definition of identity is challenged in this mind-blowing film. C. As we scroll, tap, and click, we are creating “ghosts” of ourselves in the sea of information. D. This philosophical anxiety shouldn’t paralyze(使…瘫痪) us with fear E. Ghost in the Shell warned us about this, not in a scary way, but with curiosity. F. The Puppet Master’s motives remain unclear until the final act. 【答案】47. B 48. C 49. E 50. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍《攻壳机动队》上映30周年，探讨其对人机界限等未来的预测及现实意义。 【47题详解】 根据上文“When tasked with tracking a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master, she is forced to confront existential questions about identity and the nature of self. It seems that the distinction between human and machine is no longer clear. (当主角草薙素子被派去追踪神秘的“傀儡师”黑客时，她不得不面对关于身份和自我本质的存在主义问题。人类与机器之间的界限似乎不再清晰。)”可知，此空应总结该电影对身份定义的挑战。B选项“The very definition of identity is challenged in this mind-blowing film. (在这部令人震撼的电影中，身份的定义受到了挑战。)”中的“identity is challenged”与上文“questions about identity”和“distinction between human and machine is no longer clear”相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。 【48题详解】 根据上文“We are living at a time when our identities are extending into the digital world. (我们生活在一个身份向数字世界延伸的时代。)”以及下文“Reality is being shaped by the algorithms as we are shown only what we want to see. Meanwhile, face and fingerprint recognition allows us convenient access to devices and even physical spaces. Our thoughts, choices, and emotions become data points. (现实正被算法塑造，因为我们看到的只是自己想看到的东西。与此同时，面部和指纹识别让我们能便捷地使用设备，甚至进入实体空间。我们的思想、选择和情感都变成了数据点。)”可知，此空应阐述人们在数字世界中创造自我“影子”的行为。C选项“As we scroll, tap, and click, we are creating “ghosts” of ourselves in the sea of information. (当我们滚动、点击屏幕时，我们正在信息海洋中创造自我的“幽灵”。)”中的“creating “ghosts” of ourselves”对应上文“identities are extending into the digital world”，且“scroll, tap, and click”与下文算法塑造现实的细节形成呼应，符合语境。故选C项。 【49题详解】 根据下文“Unlike many sci-fi films, it does not present technology as evil; rather, it examines our interdependent relationship with it. (与许多科幻电影不同，它没有将技术描绘成邪恶的；相反，它审视了我们与技术的相互依赖关系。)”可知，此空应引出电影《攻壳机动队》对技术的探讨方式。E选项“Ghost in the Shell warned us about this, not in a scary way, but with curiosity. (《攻壳机动队》以此警示我们，并非以可怕的方式，而是带着好奇。)”中的“warned us about this”衔接上文数字身份延伸的现象，“not in a scary way, but with curiosity”对应下文“does not present technology as evil”，符合语境。故选E项。 【50题详解】 根据上文“When director Mamoru Oshii made Ghost in the Shell, it was less about the rise of technology than the essence of human beings. (当导演押井守制作《攻壳机动队》时，其核心并非技术的崛起，而是人类的本质。)”以及下文“Thanks to developing technologies, we are changing faster than ever now — that’s just human nature. (借助技术的发展，我们如今的变化比以往任何时候都快——这正是人性所在。)”可知，此空应引用电影内容来强调人类本质与变化的关系。A选项“According to the Puppet Master: “To be human is to continually change.””(正如“傀儡师”所言：“人之为人，在于不断改变。”)中的“continually change”与下文“changing faster than ever”相呼应，通过电影角色台词诠释了人类本质，符合语境。故选A项。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be hampered (抑制生长) indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since many flowering and fruit-beaning species need animals to pollinate or disperse (传播) their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. Scientists have hypothesized that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi oscided to set up an experiment. Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species — French marigolds (金盏花) and scarlet sage (一串红) — in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, jasmonic acid and abscisi c acid, which are normally produced to fend off insect attacks, deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world, with deafening storms and thunderous waterfalls, is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: A new study by Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi shows that plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了噪音对植物生长的影响，通过实验发现交通噪音会使植物生长相关激素水平降低，应激激素水平升高，同时提出了未来值得探索的问题。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. ②It is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. ③Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. ④One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16 hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. ⑤The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. ⑥Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. 2. 缜密构思 将第①、②两个要点进行重组，将第③、④、⑤三个要点进行整合，第⑥要点单独成句。 3. 遣词造句 Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi's study finds plants suffer from traffic noise. Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：Plants exposed to traffic noise have lower levels of growth hormones and higher levels of stress hormones. 运用过去分词短语作定语对原文第四、五段进行了概括，使句子结构更加紧凑，表达更加高级。 [高分句型2]：Whether all species are affected in the same way and whether some have evolved coping mechanisms are questions for future research. 运用whether引导的主语从句对原文最后一段进行了概括，表达清晰且高级。 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 和打太极一样，学习也需要找到“紧张”与“松弛”的平衡。（require）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Just like practicing Tai Chi, learning also requires finding a balance between “tension” and “relaxation”. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语和动词。根据句意，该句描述客观事实，使用一般现在时。表示“和……一样”为just like，表示“打太极”为practice Tai Chi，位于介词like之后作宾语，所以使用动名词短语practicing Tai Chi，所以表示“和打太极一样”为介词短语Just like practicing Tai Chi作状语；表示“学习”为动名词learning作主语，表示“也”为also，表示“需要”为require，动名词learning作主语视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式requires，“找到平衡”为find a balance作requires的宾语，require后接动名词短语finding a balance作宾语，表示““紧张”与“松弛””为between “tension” and “relaxation”。故翻译为Just like practicing Tai Chi, learning also requires finding a balance between “tension” and “relaxation”.。 53. 借助3D影像技术，这些文物活灵活现地呈现在游客面前。(life) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the help of 3D imaging technology, these cultural relics are brought to life right in front of the visitors. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、时态以及语态。表示“借助”用With the help of...，这是一个常用的介词短语，用于引出某种帮助或手段，在本句中作状语。表示“3D影像技术”用3D imaging technology，作介词的宾语。表示“这些文物”用these cultural relics，作为句子的主语。“bring...to life”是一个固定短语，意为“使……变得生动，使……活灵活现”，在这里作为谓语部分，句子描述的是文物借助3D影像技术呈现的状态，为一般性事实，所以使用一般现在时，且主语和该动词之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。主语为复数，be动词用are。表示“在游客面前”用right in front of the visitors，作为地点状语。故翻译为With the help of 3D imaging technology, these cultural relics are brought to life right in front of the visitors. 54. 让科学家们忧心忡忡的是可再生能源虽被看好，但开发和运用速度尚未跟上需求。（concern）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】What concerns scientists is that although renewable energy is promising, its development and application have not kept up with demand. 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句和动词短语。根据句意，“让科学家们忧心忡忡”是现在的状态，主句使用一般现在时；“开发和运用速度尚未跟上”是从过去持续到现在的情况，从句使用现在完成时。表示“让科学家们忧心忡忡的”为主语从句作主语，从句中缺少主语，指事情，所以使用连接代词what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，位于句首，首字母需大写，表示“忧心忡忡”为concern，主语What视为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，“科学家们”为scientists作宾语，所以主语从句可译为What concerns scientists；表示“是”为be动词，用单数形式，所以be动词为is作主句的谓语；表示“可再生能源虽被看好，但开发和运用速度尚未跟上需求”为表语从句，表语从句中不缺句子成分，且句意完整，所以使用连接词that引导表语从句，无实义；表语从句中包含although引导的让步状语从句，表示“可再生能源”为renewable energy作主语，“被看好”为is promising作谓语，所以，状语从句可译为although renewable energy is promising；表示“开发和运用”为development and application作表语从句中主句的主语，表示“尚未跟上”为现在完成时的否定形式have not kept up with作谓语，表示“需求”为demand作宾语，所以表语从句中的主句可译为its development and application have not kept up with demand。故翻译为What concerns scientists is that although renewable energy is promising, its development and application have not kept up with demand. 55. 无怪乎众多语言学家对其如痴如醉，因为语言薪火相传，见证沧桑，记录科技的日新月异。（It）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】It’s no wonder that many linguists are deeply fascinated by it, for language, passed down from generation to generation, bears witness to the changes of time and records the rapid advancements of science and technology. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定句型、非谓语动词和动词短语。根据句意，“无怪乎”是客观陈述，主句使用一般现在时；“薪火相传”“见证”“记录”为客观事实，从句使用一般现在时。表示“无怪乎……”为固定句型It’s no wonder that...，It作形式主语，that引导主语从句，“众多语言学家”为many linguists作主语从句主语，“对其如痴如醉”为are deeply fascinated by it，所以“无怪乎众多语言学家对其如痴如醉”为主句It’s no wonder that many linguists are deeply fascinated by it，表示“因为语言薪火相传，见证沧桑，记录科技的日新月异”为for引导的原因状语从句，“语言”为language作主语，“薪火相传”为passed down from generation to generation，过去分词短语作后置定语修饰language，“见证沧桑”为bears witness to the changes of time作谓语和宾语，“记录科技的日新月异”为records the rapid advancements of science and technology，使用并列连词and连接两个并列结构。故翻译为It’s no wonder that many linguists are deeply fascinated by it, for language, passed down from generation to generation, bears witness to the changes of time and records the rapid advancements of science and technology. VI. Guided writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你的英国笔友 Jenny计划今年暑假与父母一同来中国旅游。为期一周的中国之行中，他们将在上海停留一天。Jenny的父亲对中国历史比较感兴趣，她的母亲对中式建筑饶有兴致，而 Jenny本人则对中华美食情。有独钟。她希望你能为他们一家设计一个旅行安排，满足三人的各自需求。你的回信需包含以下内容： 1. 具体的行程安排（可以从参观景点、游览顺序、食宿推荐等方面展开）； 2. 如此安排的理由。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Jenny, I’m thrilled to hear that your family is planning a trip to China this summer vacation. Here’s a detailed itinerary I’ve designed. Day 1: After arriving in Shanghai, the family can settle into their hotel and rest from their journey. Day 2: Explore Shanghai- Start with a visit to the Shanghai Museum to explore China’s rich history. Day 3- 4: Traveling to Nanjing will give your father the chance to delve into China’s ancient history. You can visit the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum and the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum. Day 5-6: Travel to Hangzhou- A short train ride to Hangzhou will allow your mother to appreciate China’s beautiful scenery and culture. Day 7: Departure - On your last day, you can do some last-minute shopping in Shanghai. This schedule balances culture, history, and cuisine, making your trip unforgettable. I hope this helps and you will enjoy your holiday! Yours, Wang Lei 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。英国笔友 Jenny计划今年暑假与父母一同来中国旅游。要求考生按照所给的要求对其旅行进行安排并回信告知。 【详解】1.词汇积累 激动的：thrilled → excited 设计的：designed → planned 探索：explore → discover 深入了解：delve into → explore in depth 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：This schedule balances culture, history, and cuisine, making your trip unforgettable. 拓展句：This schedule balances culture, history, and cuisine, which will make your trip unforgettable. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Here’s a detailed itinerary I’ve designed.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句） 【高分句型2】Day 3- 4: Traveling to Nanjing will give your father the chance to delve into China’s ancient history. （运用了动名词作主语的结构） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 建平中学2024学年第二学期期末教学质量检测 高二英语试卷 出卷人&审卷人：高二英语备课组 说明：(1)本场考试时间为 120分钟，总分 140分; (2)请认真答卷，并用规范文字书写。 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. In a hair salon. B. At a dentist’s. C. On a construction site. D. In a fitness club. 2. A.3. B.5. C.6.5. D.9.5. 3. A. Pointless. B. Necessary. C. Unimaginable. D. Motivating. 4. A. Ben was an unlucky workman. B. Ben could have succeeded. C. Ben was using bad luck as an excuse. D. Ben might have better luck next time. 5. A. Hot water isn’t available in the hotel until after 10 o’ clock. B. Hotel guests can use hot water for longer hours in winter. C. The man needs a hot bath after long hours’ work. D. The hotel doesn’t supply hot water all day along. 6. A. The woman should smile to others and be polite. B. The woman looks beautiful with her new hairstyle. C. The woman would look prettier if smiled all the time. D. The woman’s new hairstyle doesn’t look wonderful 7 A. The model car deserves a title. . B. The man should make the purchase. C. The man will get a refund soon. D. The model car will be sold in a week. 8. A. Their daughter should never get too close to her friends. B Their daughter is really good at maintaining friendships. C. Their daughter should not keep a distance from friends. D. Their daughter should learn to keep good company. 9. A. He is much annoyed with the girl. B. He has left some food for the girl. C. He should have waited for the girl. D. He has set aside some butter for the girl. 10. A. The woman should do as the boss requires. B. The woman should turn to other colleagues for help. C. The woman should not invite everyone to the feast. D. The woman should talk to the boss immediately. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. She has composed a new song. B. She has made a stir on social media. C. She has starred in a new movie. D. She has become the oldest in the world. 12. A. To show why the family enjoys the longevity gene. B. To share the family’s daily routines with their friends. C. To comfort those whose grandparents have passed away. D. To make the family become a celebrity on TikTok. 13. A. Considerate. B. Optimistic. C. Knowledgeable. D. Generous. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. Big cities have lost their appeal to seniors. B. Many urban residents flock to the countryside. C. The lockdown drives the young to rural life. D. Remote work reduces the appeal of big cities.. 15. A. Affordable housing rents. B. Easy access to nature. C. The busy city nightlife. D. A spacious apartment. 16. A. To settle down in the countryside. B. To adopt the remote working pattern. C. To return to London in the future. D. To advise friends to abandon city life. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. A7. A. The invention of chocolate chip cookies. B. Various food innovations in man’s history. C. Accidental discoveries in our everyday life. D. The unique manufacturing process of potato chips. 18. A. Because she would melt and mix them into the batter. B. Because she was short of regular ingredients. C. Because she wanted to save materials and money. D. Because she ‘d like to make the chocolate chsp cookie. 19. A. Because he wanted to salt them heavily to make them delicious. B. Because his customers were crazy about potatoes cooked that way. C. Because they were a regular item on the restaurant’s menu. D. Because he became sick of customers’ criticism and decided to fight back 20. A. She thought them too good to be true. B. She considered them very innovative. C. She found them quite ridicuous. D. She felt amazed at them. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Chasing Happiness Can Backfire Nobody needs to be taught that life is hard-we quickly learn that ourselves. But what many people _____1_____ (teach) — sometimes subtly, sometimes explicitly (直白地) — is that life only starts after the hard parts go away. That if you’re feeling anxious, you need to fix it before you can speak up. That if you’re grieving, you can’t begin again unless you wait _____2_____ the sadness is gone. The mental rule is ____3____ you save to avoid feeling bad to feel good, and you need to feel good so that you will be able to do good. But it’s a trap. And it’s one we fall into because it almost makes sense. We’re adapted to ____4____ (fix) problems. When we touch a hot stove, we pull our hand away. When we treat illness, we expect recovery. But the world inside our skin plays ____5____ a different rule: when it comes to thoughts and feelings, trying to eliminate pain often makes it _____6_____ (bad). The human mind is such an amazing tool _____7_____ allows us to imagine, plan, evaluate, and create. But that same mind also tells us we shouldn’t be feeling what we’ re feeling . It whispers: “You have to get rid of this first. You have to feel better before you can move forward.” In sence, this process is called “experiential avoidance” or “EA” and it’s one of the most textic ways _____8_____ (involve) in the world. The more we begin to organize our lives around not feeling certain things, the more we numb ourselves, and the more our lives will shrink. But there’s another form of EA. It is based on slight alteration of that same rule: you have to hang on _____9_____ feeling good or you will feel bad. The fact is, the more we chase “happiness” in a ______10______ (cling) fashion, the more it flees away! In science this process is called “experiential attachment”, another form of “EA” that is just as toxic to our well-being as the first kind. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. channel B. featuring C figure D hanging E. initially F. oral G. ritually H. scare I. surge J. troubled K. worn Keeping the Five Venoms at Bay In China, people refer to the fifth lunar month as the “month of poison,” since the warmer, wetter climate brings a ____11____ in creatures thought to be venomous (有毒的). During the Dragon Boat Festival, people traditionally ward off the “five venoms” — snakes, scorpions, centipedes, geckos, and toads — though some are actually harmless. These venomous creatures have long ____12____ the Chinese, who have imagined them as evil spirits. Then various remedies have been developed. For instance, many people hang the herb on their doors to prevent them from entering. Some even weave the Chinese mugwort (艾草) into a human or tiger ___13___ for better effect. Additionally, ____14____ ones, such as adding realgar (雄黄), a type of mineral, to alcohol to create realgar wine, have been used a part of Traditional Chinese Medicine to get rid of poisons. Apart from herbs, people also rely on symbolic items for protection. One example is the use of five-colored threads (五彩绳), ___15___ to prevent disease. Legend holds that after the poet Qu Yuan drowned himself in the Miluo River, people made zongzi and threw them into the water as offerings to him. To ____16____ off the dragons in the river that night eat the offerings, people used the five-colored threads to wrap up the zongzi. Children also wear clothes or shoes ___17___ patterns of the “five venoms” to get away from them. In addition, ancient Chinese people believed in the magical power of talismans (符). Red paper bearing the “five venoms” would be pinned to walls and pierced with needles. This was believed to ____18____ kill the venoms and prevent them from making their presence felt. Today, some of these ancient customs of driving away the “five venoms” remain alive in Chinese culture. Even in cities, you can see people with mugwort ____19____ in front of their homes. From a modern perspective, these traditions ____20____ ancient wisdom into modern practices. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. No, You Don’t Get an A Just for Effort After 20 years of teaching, I thought I’d heard every argument in the book from students who wanted a better grade. But recently, multiple students had a new complaint: “My grade doesn’t reflect the effort I put into this course.” High marks are for ____21____, not grit (硬扛，死磕). In the past, students understood that hard work was not sufficient; an A required great work. Yet today, many students expect to be rewarded for the quantity of their effort rather than the quality of their knowledge. In surveys, two-thirds of college students say that “trying hard” should be a factor in their grades, and a third think they should get at least a B just for ____22____ at (most) classes. This isn’t Gen Z’s fault. It’s the result of a(n) ____23____ about one of the most popular educational theories. More than a generation ago, the psychologist Carol Dweck published groundbreaking experiments that changed how many parents and teachers talk to kids. Praising kids for their abilities ____24____ their resilience (韧劲), making them more likely to give up when they encountered setbacks. To persist and learn in the face of challenges, kids needed to believe that abilities and skills are ____25____, and the best way to nurture this growth mindset was to shift from praising intelligence to effort. This idea quickly made its way into viral articles, best-selling books and popular TED talks. Psychologists have long found that rewarding effort cultivates a strong work ethic and reinforces learning. That’s especially ____26____ for students who weren’t born into comfort or don’t have a record of achievement. ____27____, the problem is that we’ve taken the practice of celebrating hard work. We are treating it as an end in itself. We’ve taught a generation of kids that their worth is defined ____28____ by their work ethic. That does great harm to the students. One study found that if there wasn’t a time limit, the higher people scored on their own ____29____, the more likely they were to stick to a task they will never accomplish. This is what worries me most about valuing perseverance above all else: It can motivate people to stick with a bad ____30____ instead of developing better ones. With students, a textbook example is pulling all-nighters rather than spacing out their studying over a few days. Teachers and parents owe kids a more ____31____ message. There’s a reason we award Olympic medals to the athletes who swim the fastest not the ones who train the hardest. Motivation is only one of multiple variables (变量) in the achievement equation (等式). Ability, opportunity and luck ____32____, too. The ideal ____33____ to a disappointing grade is not to complain that your diligence wasn’t rewarded. It’s to ask how you could make your investment ____34____ better. Trying harder isn’t always the answer. Sometimes it’s working smarter, and other times it’s working on something else altogether. Every teacher should support students to succeed. In my classes, I make it clear that my goal is to give as many A’s as possible. But they’re earned through mastering all. The true ____35____ of learning is not the time and energy you put in. It’s the knowledge and skills you take out. 21. A. industriousness B. engagement C. morality D. excellence 22. A. doing well B. showing up C. nodding off D. burning out 23. A. misunderstanding B. stretching C. extinction D. emergence 24. A. creates B. restores C. stocks D. hurts 25. A. intangible B. attainable C. preservable D. valuable 26. A. fearful B. sentimental C. dreary D. important 27. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. However D. Besides 28. A. barely B. initially C. primarily D. proportionately 29. A. grit B. education C. adaptability D. intellect 30. A. tendency B. strategy C. motive D. criterion 31. A. balanced B. universal C. motivational D. random 32. A. vary B. arise C. count D. interfere 33. A. switch B. response C. obstacle D. access 34. A. run out B. drop in C. catch on D. pay off 35. A. measurement B. significance C. theory D. reward Section B Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. (A) If Timothy White were Captain America, perhaps simply one fling (挥动) of the superhero’s trademark shield could have saved the day. But this was real life. And though White has dressed up as Captain America for conventions, parades and the local Anti-Bullying Superhero Day, when he spotted trouble on this September afternoon he wasn’t wearing his costume and couldn’t rely on any superpowers. White, 38, was driving home when he noticed a gray Nissan four-door pickup (皮卡货车). It was hard to miss,since it made a turn and headed for the curb (马路牙子) before course-correcting, only to head for the curb again. As the pickup drew closer, White got a good look at the problem: The driver appeared to be asleep. Pretty soon, this guy’s going to crash into a house and kill himself or somebody else, White thought. While many people would have kept on driving, that’s not how White operates. He had to stop that vehicle. White pulled his car over and jumped out. The truck was going 10 to 15 mph, White estimates. He darted into the road, running around to the driver’s side. The window was down on this temperate autumn day. White grabbed the frame of the window — his legs moving in step with the pickup — and leaped in. The man behind the wheel, 64-year-old Todd DeAngelis, was just conscious enough to be startled by the peculiar sight of a stranger lying across his stomach, and he let out a yelp. White worked quickly. He took hold of the gear shift and forced the pickup into park, bringing it to a sudden stop. He jumped out of the truck window the same way he came in. From outside the truck, White asked DeAngelis if he was OK. “No,” he replied, in a haze. DeAngelis, a diabetic, was unexpectedly facing dangerously low blood sugar. An ambulance soon arrived and took DeAngelis to a hospital, where it was determined that had his blood sugar gone much lower, he could have gone into a diabetic coma. “He kept me from a much worse accident than it could have been,” DeAngelis said after his recovery. White’s actions that day were not out of character. As a teenager, he once kicked in the door of a house that was on fire to see if anyone was trapped inside. Fortunately, the house was empty. “I’m always trying to help, where I can, when I can,” he says. But jumping into a moving vehicle to prevent a crash? White admits this was new territory. “It took me a couple of days,” he says, “and a couple of beers, to chill out.” 36. Why does the author mention Captain America at the opening paragraph? A. To emphasize the impact of comic book conventions on people’s daily life. B. To explain why White was unable to save people with superpowers that day. C. To emphasize that real heroism comes from character not superpowers, by contrast. D. To suggest that White wished he had superpowers by dressing up like Captain America. 37. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Timothy White managed to save the driver by breaking the window, using his strength to push the truck off the road and pulling the driver out. B. Timothy White noticed the truck’s abnormal movements because the driver was asleep at the wheel, which prompted his immediate intervention. C. Wimothy White jumped into the moving truck through the open window and shifted it into park, saving the driver who was suffering from low blood sugar. D. After forcing the truck to stop, White immediately administered first at d to the driver outside the truck before the ambulance arrived. 38. What does the underlined phrase “in a haze” most likely mean? A. In anger. B. In a hurry. C. In concentration. D. In dizziness. 39. What can be inferred about Timothy What e from the passage? A. He often dreams and pretends to be a superhero to gain attention. B. He had a natural tendency to help others in dangerous situations. C. It wasn’t the first time he had jumped through a car window to save people. D. He relied on alcohol to cope with stress, tension and fear regularly. (B) How to Apply to a Chinese university in 2025 Planning to study abroad in China is easier than you may think. China has become more and more popular over the past years due to its great educational facilities, renowned science and technology degrees, and up to 30 top-ranked higher educational institutions. If you decided to study here, read below the easy steps for applying to a Chinese university. Choose universities and programmes Prior to the application, if you have clear ideas about the universities, locations, majors and (or) programmes to which you intend to apply. The International Services China website provides basic information on universities that you can apply to. Click “Apply Now” within the website to access the official website of the universities’ international students’ office for detailed application procedures. Prepare application documents Application documents vary with different universities, degrees, and programs. These include, but are not limited to: passport photo, graduation certificate, academic transcript from last graduated school, Chinese/ English language proficiency certificate (HSK (Chinese-proficiency test) score for Chinese-taught programmes, and IELTS for English-taught programmes), and recommendation letters from previous school teachers. 60 Upon receiving your application documents, the Chinese institution will review your qualification and decide whether to accept you based on academic performance, language proficiency and other criteria. Admission decisions are typically made within four to eight weeks. Successful applicants receive an admission letter and Visa-application forms JW202/JW2011 for visa processing. Preparations before departure Apply for the Chinese student visa as soon as possible. Check with the Chinese embassy/ consulate in your area for details. Arrange a health insurance plan. You can get your insurance from your home country or purchase a health insurance card once you arrive in China. Admission requirements in China 40. Which of the following descriptions best fits into the blank? A. Prepare for admission tests B. Obtain admission results C. Transfer registration fees D. Wait for a scholarship approval 41. Which of the following statements is true according to the diagram? A. Students must complete a Bachelor’s degree in China before applying for a Master’s. B. Language courses in China are compulsory before starting a Bachelor’s degree. C. Employment is a possible outcome after completing any higher education degree in China. D. Secondary education must be completed in China to qualify for Bachelor’s studies. 42. The passage is primarily targeted at _______. A. university professors seeking research collaborations in China B. Chinese high school students preparing for the Gaokao exam C international students who are planning to study in China D. parents of domestic Chinese students choosing a local university (C) The teacher starts with the basics: how to thread a needle. Then she shows the students how to mend a torn shirt. The sewing class is part of a free, one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”. The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s. Such programmes are designed to help people “navigate adulthood”, even those who, legally and practically, have been navigating it for quite some time. The topics run from basic — how to dress appropriately for a job interview — to advanced, such as how to file income taxes. Raffi Grinberg created “Adulting 101” at Boston College, which was inspired by his first day working at Bain& Company. He and his peers had to decide which health-insurance plan to choose, how much of his salary to devote to saving for retirement, and other financial details. “Every one of us went out and called our parents,” he admits. “We were graduates of elite schools, and we still didn’t know what to do.” The rise in need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence, which have grown more digital and less physical. American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens. TikTok and YouTube do offer handy tutorials on all manner of household chores. But most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers. In Infantilised: How Our Culture Killed Adulthood, Keith Hayward argued that there has been a generational shift and that young people are less mature than their forebears were at the same age. They are shrinking from responsibilities such as marriage, homeowning, and child-rearing because “adulting is hard”. He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders have to offer: “Parents and grandparents are seen as idiots who can’t work the Wi-Fi.” If parents are not providing advice on life’s many essential tasks, “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” Such perspectives may ring true. But young people are remaining in education for longer, meaning that financial independence, partners, and children necessarily come later. And adulting is, in fact, hard. The world is more complex than it was. Take financial decisions. People opening their first bank account have to choose between a main-street branch and an array of online banks and bank-like institutions. Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters’ delayed maturity. But indulged children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them. Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt. 43. If you were to design an “Adulting 101” course based on what you’ve learned from this passage, which of the following topics would be most suitable? A. Learning Spanish with ChatGPT B. Modern literature appreciation C. Financial literacy after graduation D. Navigating the mechanism behind Tik Tok 44. What does the author mean by saying “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” A. These classes make up for the absence of parental guidance. B. These classes are more feasible than parental suggestions. C. The courses can offer knowledge beyond daily skills. D. The role of parental advice is no longer crucial because of these courses. 45. It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A. parents nowadays are incapable of offering useful life advice B. young people consider life skills less necessary in the digital age C. a lack of meaning content online is to blame for delayed adulthood D. social changes better explain delayed adulthood than personal failings 46. What is the author’s attitude towards the adulting courses? A. They help adults identify and bridge their knowledge gap. B. They arise and popularize for justifiable reasons. C. They are a worrisome reflection of generational failure. D. They reflect the drawbacks of family and school education. Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. More Relevant Than Ever: Ghost in the Shell At 30 On May 10th, Ghost in the Shell was released in the Chinese mainland for the first time, celebrating the 30th anniversary of the anime (日本动漫) classic. What felt like a philosophical fantasy in 1995 is becoming a wise prediction about the near future. If you don’t know, Ghost in the Shell is set in a world where humans live alongside cyborgs that are part human, part machine. The lead character is Major Motoko Kusanagi, a cyborg agent working for an intelligence department. When tasked with tracking a mysterious hacker known as the Puppet Master, she is forced to confront existential questions about identity and the nature of self. It seems that the distinction between human and machine is no longer clear. ________47________ We are living at a time when our identities are extending into the digital world. ________48________ Reality is being shaped by the algorithms as we are shown only what we want to see. Meanwhile, face and fingerprint recognition allows us convenient access to devices and even physical spaces. Our thoughts, choices, and emotions become data points. and we are largely defined by social media profiles and digital footprints. _______49_______ Unlike many sci-fi films, it does not present technology as evil; rather, it examines our interdependent relationship with it. In doing so, it exposes how easily we give up autonomy for convenience. MajorKusanagi is known by her colleagues as the artificial “shell” she occupies, yet she constantly wonders whether she has any true self inside. In a lot of ways, we are all Major Kusanagi, questioning essentially “What makes me me?” But there’s no need to panic. Existential crises existed long before we even thought about machines replacing us. When director Mamoru Oshii made Ghost in the Shell, it was less about the rise of technology than the essence of human beings. _______50_______ . Thanks to developing technologies, we are changing faster than ever now — that’s just human nature. A. According to the Puppet Master: “To be human is to continually change.” B. The very definition of identity is challenged in this mind-blowing film. C. As we scroll, tap, and click, we are creating “ghosts” of ourselves in the sea of information. D. This philosophical anxiety shouldn’t paralyze(使…瘫痪) us with fear E. Ghost in the Shell warned us about this, not in a scary way, but with curiosity. F. The Puppet Master’s motives remain unclear until the final act. IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Many animals depend upon sound to find food, detect predators and communicate. These species understandably suffer when loud motorways cut through their habitats. It has always been assumed, however, that noise is a problem unique to animals. But a new study by botanist Alí Akbar GhotbiRavandi has revealed that plants suffer too. That plants can be hampered (抑制生长) indirectly by noise pollution has never been in doubt. Since many flowering and fruit-beaning species need animals to pollinate or disperse (传播) their seeds, it is obvious that if these animal partners are harmed by noise then their botanical counterparts will do badly, too. Scientists have hypothesized that plants may be able to sense sound waves as they are struck by them. Yet blasting plants with ultrasound is not the same as growing them in the presence of actual traffic noise. To this end, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi oscided to set up an experiment. Working with a team of colleagues, Dr Ghotbi-Ravandi grew two species — French marigolds (金盏花) and scarlet sage (一串红) — in the same space before they were divided into two groups. One group was exposed to 73 decibels of traffic noise recorded from a busy motorway for 16hours a day. The other group was left to grow in silence. None of the plants exposed to the traffic noise did well. The team found that a range of hormones normally associated with healthy growth and development in plants were present at significantly reduced levels in the plants exposed to the noise. Two stress hormones, jasmonic acid and abscisi c acid, which are normally produced to fend off insect attacks, deal with salty soil or very cold temperatures, were elevated. The next question is whether all noise pollution affects all species in the same way. The natural world, with deafening storms and thunderous waterfalls, is by no means silent. Whether some plant species have evolved coping mechanisms, which might one day be transferred into urban-dwelling species, is a mystery worth exploring. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 和打太极一样，学习也需要找到“紧张”与“松弛”的平衡。（require）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________ 53. 借助3D影像技术，这些文物活灵活现地呈现在游客面前。(life) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________ 54. 让科学家们忧心忡忡的是可再生能源虽被看好，但开发和运用速度尚未跟上需求。（concern）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________ 55. 无怪乎众多语言学家对其如痴如醉，因为语言薪火相传，见证沧桑，记录科技的日新月异。（It）（汉译英） __________________________________________________________________________ VI. Guided writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你英国笔友 Jenny计划今年暑假与父母一同来中国旅游。为期一周的中国之行中，他们将在上海停留一天。Jenny的父亲对中国历史比较感兴趣，她的母亲对中式建筑饶有兴致，而 Jenny本人则对中华美食情。有独钟。她希望你能为他们一家设计一个旅行安排，满足三人的各自需求。你的回信需包含以下内容： 1. 具体的行程安排（可以从参观景点、游览顺序、食宿推荐等方面展开）； 2. 如此安排的理由。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$