Units7-8Grammar被动语态 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语语法资料聚焦被动语态，系统梳理从语态基本概念（主动与被动区别）到被动语态使用场景，再到基本构成（肯定、否定、疑问结构），进而分时态（一般现在、过去、将来、含情态动词及现在完成时）详解被动语态，最后拓展特殊用法（如感官动词主动表被动等）的完整知识体系。 知识链路按“概念-场景-构成-时态-拓展”逻辑递进，含主动变被动图解及即时自测（填空、选择、句型转换）。通过对比归纳提升思维品质，多样练习巩固语言能力，帮助学生构建系统语法框架，培养科学学习方法。

Units 7-8 Grammar 被动语态(I) &被动语态(II) 一般现在时、一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态 语态是动词的一种形式，表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 当主语是谓语的执行者时，用主动语态。当主语是谓语的承受者时，用被动语态。如： We clean the classroom every day.我们每天都打扫教室。 （主语We执行“打扫”clean这一动作） He opened the door. 他打开了门。 （主语He执行“打开”opened这一动作） They can repair this watch in two days. 他们可以在两天内修好这块手表。 （主语They执行“修理”repair 这一动作） The classroom is cleaned (by us) every day.教室每天都(被我们)打扫。 （主语The classroom是谓语动词clean的承受者，“教室”被打扫） The door was opened by him. 门是他打开的。 （主语The door是谓语动词open的承受者，“门”被他打开。） This watch can be repaired by us in two days.这块手表我们可以在两天内修好。 （主语This watch是谓语动词repair的承受者，“表”被修理。） This year, other eco-friendly activities will be organized. 今年将组织其他环保活动。 （主语other eco-friendly activities是谓语动词organize的承受者，“活动”被组织。） 一、被动语态通常用于以下几种情况中： 1. 动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。如： Courses in traditional Chinese culture are taught in many schools. 在很多学校，(老师)会教授有关中国传统文化的课程。 1. 在不知道或不需要知道动作的执行者是谁时。如： The toy is designed for children.这款玩具是为孩子们设计的。 1. 需要强调动作的承受者时。如： The construction of the Grand Canal was started in the Spring and Autumn Period. 大运河始凿于春秋时期。 1. 出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。如： This problem was discussed just now. 这个问题刚才(被)讨论过。 在被动语态的句子中，如果我们需要指明动作的执行者，可以由by引出。如： Mr. Wu is liked by all of his students.所有的学生都喜欢吴老师。 二、被动语态的基本构成如下： 肯定结构： 主语+助动词(be/can/will/have---) + done(过去分词) + (by---) 否定结构： 主语+助动词(be/can/will/have---)+ not + done(过去分词) + (by---) 疑问结构： 助动词(be/can/will/have---)+主语+ done(过去分词) + (by---) 回答: Yes, 主语(代词)+--- No, 主语(代词)+--- not 三、主动语态变为被动语态的方法，图解如下： 四、各种时态的被动语态： 1. 一般现在时的被动语态： S主语+ am/is/are (not)+ done (过去分词)+…// Am/Is/Are + S主语+ done (过去分词)+…?// 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + S主语 + done (过去分词)+…? Local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations. 邀请当地医生和护士登船了解眼科手术。 Local doctors and nurses are not invited on board to learn about eye operations. 本地医生和护士不会被邀请上船学习眼科手术。 -Are local doctors and nurses invited on board to learn about eye operations? -Yes, they are. // -No, they aren’t. -当地医生和护士会被邀请上船学习眼科手术吗？ -是的，他们会。// -不，他们不会。 Which book is often chosen by the teacher?老师通常会选哪一本书？ 2. 一般过去时的被动语态: S主语+ was/were (not)+ done (过去分词)+…// Was/Were + S主语+ done (过去分词)+…? // 特殊疑问词 + was/were + S主语 + done (过去分词)+…? 150 patients were operated on. 150名患者接受了手术。 150 patients were not operated on. 150名患者未接受手术。 -Were 150 patients operated on? -Yes, they were. // -No, they weren’t. -是否对150名患者进行了手术？——是的，进行了。// ——不，没有进行。 Where was the sports meeting held? 这次运动会是在哪里举行的？ 3. 一般将来时的被动语态： S主语+ will (not)/ be(not) going to + be + done (过去分词) +…// Will / Be going to + S主语+ be + done (过去分词) +…?// 特殊疑问词 + will + S主语 + be + done (过去分词)+…? /特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + going to be + done (过去分词)+…? If we drop litter in a public place, we will be fined. 如果我们在公共场所乱扔垃圾，将会被罚款。 If we don’t drop litter in a public place, we will not be fined. 如果我们不在公共场所乱扔垃圾，就不会被罚款。 -Will we be fined if we drop litter in a public place? -Yes, we will. // -No, we won’t. -如果在公共场所乱扔垃圾，我们会被罚款吗？——会的。// ——不会的。 When will the meeting be held? 会议将在何时举行？ 4. 含情态动词的被动语态： S主语+ can/may/must/could等(not) + be +done (过去分词) +…// Can/May/Must/Could等 + S主语+ be +done (过去分词) +…?// 特殊疑问词 + can/may/must/could等+ S主语 + be + done (过去分词)+…? About 90 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured. 这些病例中约90%可以预防或治愈。 About 90 per cent of these cases can not be prevented or cured. 这些病例中约90%无法预防或治愈。 -Can about 90 per cent of these cases be prevented or cured? -Yes, they can. // -No, they can’t. -大约90%的这些病例可以预防或治愈吗？ -可以，它们可以。// -不，它们不能。 How may the problem be solved? 这个问题可以怎样被解决？ 5. 现在完成时的被动语态： S主语+ have / has (not) +been +done (过去分词) +…// Have / Has + S主语+ been +done (过去分词) +…?// 特殊疑问词 + have / has + S主语 + been + done (过去分词)+…? A new mobile phone has been bought by her. 她买了一部新手机。 A new mobile phone has not been bought by her. 她没有买新手机。 -A new mobile phone has been bought by her? -Yes, it has. // -No, it hasn’t. -她买了一部新手机吗？-是的，买了。// -不，没买。 When have these books been returned? 这些书什么时候已经被归还了？ 五、知识拓展： 1. 有些动词，如连系动词smell, taste, sound, feel等，其主动语态形式含有被动意义。如： The dish smells good.这道菜闻起来很香。 The music sounds nice.这段音乐听起来不错。 2. 还有一些不及物动词，如read, write, draw, sell, wash, cook, clean等，常用主动语态，和well, easily等副词连用，含有被动意义。如： The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来很顺滑。 The Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature sell well both at home and abroad. 中国文学中的四大名著在国内外都很畅销。 3. 在含有感官动词和使役动词的主动语态句式中，动词不定式的to常省去，但是在被动语态中要加上to。如： She made him retell the story. 她让他重新讲述这个故事。→ He was made to retell the story by her. 他被她要求重新讲述这个故事。 常见的感使类动词有：feel, hear ,listen to, see, watch, look at, make …等等。 4. 有些动词常用于被动语态。如： He was born in Nanjing.他生于南京。 This mobile phone was made in China.这部手机是中国制造的。 5. 双宾语结构 —— 主语为物，添加to/for。 口诀：双宾主变被，最好变间宾。如要变直宾，be p.p.后面to(for)跟。如： He passed me a book. 他把一本书递给我。→ = I was passed a book by him. =A book was passed to me by him. She bought Amy a pen yesterday. 她昨天给艾米买了一支笔。→ = Amy was bought a pen yesterday. =A pen was bought for Amy yesterday. 6. 短语动词 —— 要完整。如： The boy is often laughed at. 这个男孩经常被嘲笑。 The children should be looked after well. 孩子们应该得到妥善照顾。 7. 作“需要；值得”讲的want/need/require/ be worth后接动名词作宾语时，用主动式表被动义；当然也可接不定式的被动式作宾语。如： Your jacket needs washing/ to be washed. 你的夹克需要洗了。 Children want looking after. = Children want to be looked after. 孩子们想要被照顾。 8. 主动句中的宾语是反身代词时，不能变为被动语态。如： He taught himself English. 他自学英语。 9. there be 句型没有被动语态。如： There's going to be a show on environmental protection here. 这里将有一场关于环境保护的演出。 There's not going to be a show on environmental protection here. 这里不会有关于环境保护的节目。 -Is there going to be a show on environmental protection here? -Yes, there is. // -No, there isn’t. -这里会有环保主题的演出吗？-有，会有的。// -没，不会有的。 即时自测: Ⅰ、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. I've heard of Operation Smile. It _________________ (found) in 1982. 2. Millions of children _________________ (bear) with lip problems. 3. Thanks to Operation Smile, every year, lots of children ________ (help) and ________ (give) a new life. 4. The money given by his parents ______________ (run) out already. 5. A lot of wonderful things _________________ (do) by the China Welfare Institute since it _____________ (found). 6. We are not sure if this kind of deafness can __________________ (cure) in the future. 7. Does the bike need __________________ (repair)? 8. Is a letter going to ___________________ (write) by her this evening? 9. When people break these rules, they __________________________ (punish). 10. The food _______________________ (smell) delicious. Ⅱ、单项选择 1．—When shall we go to watch Jiangsu Inter City Football League (江苏足球城际联赛)? —Not until the work ________ tomorrow. A．is finished B．will be finished C．will finish D．has finished 2．—Have you finished your project? —Not yet. I’ll finish it if I __________ ten more minutes. A．give B．will give C．will be given D．am given 3．These kinds of pens ________ well. So they ________ out quickly in all the shops. A．write; sell B．write; are sold C．are written; sell D．are written; are sold 4．London used to be ________ “Foggy City” because there were many foggy days. A．made B．called C．making D．calling 5．All the runners ________ after they finished the marathon (马拉松) race. A．tired out B．were tied to C．were tired out D．are tiring out 6．—Was the doctors successful in saving the patient? —Yes. He ________ the morning of June 2, and now he is out of danger. A．was operated B．was operated on C．operated on D．operated 7．—Do you know _________ the school art festival _________? —Next month. The exact date _________ yet. A．when; will hold; hasn’t decided B．when; will be held; hasn’t been decided C．where; is held; isn’t decided D．how; will hold; wasn’t decided 8．—Susan, is there going to be a meeting I need to attend next Tuesday? I’m not sure. —Just relax, you will ________ the time one day early. A．reminded B．be reminded C．be reminded to D．be reminded of 9．—Do you know if the sports meeting ________ on time? —Hard to say. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll have to put it off. A．is held; will rain B．will be held; will rain C．is held; rains D．will be held; rains 10．—Do you know how much money ________ at the show yesterday? — Yes. More than 100 thousand yuan. The money _____ to Hope Primary School next week. A．was raised; will donate B．was raised; will be donated C．raised; will donate D．has raised; will be donated III、句型转换 1.Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers. (改为否定句、一般疑问句、划线部分提问） 否定句： _________________________________________________________________. 一般疑问句： _________________________________________________________________? 划线部分提问：_________________________________________________________________? 2. Do you often hear her sing Russian songs? (改为被动语态) ______________________________________________Russian songs by you? 3. We saw some boys playing football. (改为被动语态) ______________________________________________. 4. His mother cooked him a big dinner. (两种形式) _____________________________________________________by his mother. _____________________________________________________ by his mother. 5. Mr. Turner has already given me a birthday present. (两种形式) ______________________________________a birthday present by Mr. Turner. A birthday present ______________________________________ by Mr. Turner. 即时自测答案: Ⅰ、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. was founded; 2. were born; 3. are helped, given; 4. has run ; 5. has been done, was founded; 6. be cured; 7. repairing/to be repaired; 8. be written; 9. will be punished; 10. smells; Ⅱ、单项选择 1-5: ADBBC 6-10: BBDDB III、句型转换 1.否定句： Leaflets are not (=aren’t) handed out to people in the street by volunteers. 一般疑问句： Are leaflets handed out to people in the street by volunteers? 划线部分提问： Who are leaflets handed out to in the street by volunteers? 2. Is she often heard to sing 3. Some boys were seen playing football by us. 4. He was cooked a big dinner A big dinner was cooked for him 5. I have already given has already been given to me 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $