命题大赛 2025-2026学年人教版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步阅读练习

同步教学阶段测试 自然生态和环境保护 注：此试题我给了4篇，试题内容配套人教，选必3，语篇全部是原创。 （原创）Passsage 1 https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/tanzanian-hip-hop-artist-frida-amani-named-unep-advocate The UN Environment Programme(UNEP) today named Tanzanian hip hop artist Frida Amani as its first-ever Advocate for Ecosystem Restoration. The designation comes ahead of the seventh session of the UN Environment Assembly, in Nairobi. With more than one million social media followers, Frida Amani is among East Africa’s most celebrated female rappers and media personalities. She has won multiple awards, including the Music Cities Award – which recognises and celebrates the best uses of music to drive economic, social, environmental, and cultural development in cities and places worldwide – and the Orange Award in Tanzania. “Growing up, we saw nature as a great protector – providing water, food, shade, and meaning. We also watched it become increasingly vulnerable to climate change and unsustainable exploitation, resulting in floods and droughts. By joining the UNEP, I wish to inspire my fans to become part of a generation committed to ecosystem restoration. It is no longer enough to regret nature’s loss – we must bring it back. We are Generation Restoration,” Amani said. Amani becomes UNEP’s first Advocate for Ecosystem Restoration. In this role, she will work to raise awareness and organize young people to prevent, halt, and reverse ecosystem degradation. Also, her voice is poised to strengthen efforts to rehabilitate(使恢复) degraded natural areas—from oceans to mountains and from cities to savannahs, grasslands, and forests. “Frida sings, speaks, and acts for a healthy environment, so I am pleased to welcome her to the UNEP family,” said UNEP Executive Director Inger Andersen. “Reflected in her work is an ongoing passion for restoration, where care for people and nature go hand-in-hand, making her an inspiring role model for young people across Africa and beyond.” Amani’s social and environmental activism is woven into many of her musical productions and performances. This includes songs such as Kisiki Hai, the Performance for Nature event, the Mote Mama Gizani campaign for the health of pregnant women, as well as her role as Goodwill Ambassador for the Lead Foundation. Frida Amani has set up her own foundation – the Amani foundation – through which she supports causes like the Performance for Nature concert held in Tanzania earlier this year. 1. What can we learn about Frida Amani’s honors? A. She is the first rapper to win the Music Cities Award. B. Her Orange Award is related to environmental activism. C. She got awards for using music to promote multi-development. D. She won the Music Cities Award for protecting Tanzania’s forests. 2. What is Frida Amani’s main task as UNEP’s advocate? A. To host the seventh session of the UN Environment Assembly. B. To encourage young people to fight ecosystem degradation. C. To set up foundations for environmental protection in Africa. D. To perform concerts for nature in different countries. 3. What can we infer from Inger Andersen’s words about Frida Amani? A. He has a strong influence on young people globally. B. He focuses more on nature than on people in her work. C. He will work alone to restore degraded natural areas. D. He is the most famous female rapper in East Africa. 4. What can be inferred about Frida Amani’s musical works? A. Most of them are specially written for women. B. They are used to win more social media followers. C. They convey her ideas about social and environmental issues. D. All of them are performed at the Performance for Nature event. 【答案与解析】 这是一篇说明文，介绍了坦桑尼亚嘻哈艺术家Frida Amani被任命为联合国环境规划署首位生态系统恢复倡导者的相关情况，以及她的成就、职责和对环保事业的贡献。 1.C细节理解题。根据第二段中“She has won multiple glories, including the Music Cities Award –which recognises and celebrates the best uses of music to drive economic, social, environmental, and cultural development in cities and places worldwide–and the Orange Award in Tanzania.”可知，她获得的音乐城市奖是为了表彰其利用音乐推动多方面发展的贡献。故选C。 2.B细节理解题。根据第四段中“In this role, she will work to raise awareness and organize young people to prevent, halt, and reverse ecosystem degradation.”可知，她作为倡导者的主要任务是鼓励年轻人对抗生态系统退化。故选B。 3.A推理判断题。根据第五段中“making her an inspiring role model for young people across Africa and beyond.”可知，Inger Andersen的话表明Frida Amani对全球年轻人有很强的影响力。故选A。 4.C推理判断题。根据第六段中“Amani’s social and environmental activism is woven into many of her musical productions and performances.”可知，她的音乐作品中融入了社会和环境行动主义，传递了她关于社会和环境问题的观点。故选C。 （原创）Passsage 2 https://literariness.org/2016/11/27/ecocriticism/ Ecocriticism is the study of literature and environment from an interdisciplinary(跨学科的) point of view where all sciences come together to analyze the environment and brainstorm possible solutions for the correction of the contemporary environmental situation. Ecocriticism was officially announced by the publication of two pioneering works, both published in the mid-1990s: The Ecocriticism Reader, edited by Cheryll Glotfelty and Harold Fromm, and The Environmental Imagination, by Lawrence Buell. Ecocriticism investigates the relation between humans and the natural world in literature. It deals with how environmental issues, cultural issues concerning the environment and attitudes towards nature are presented and analyzed. One of the main goals in ecocriticism is to study how individuals in society behave and react in relation to nature and ecological aspects. This form of criticism has gained a lot of attention during recent years due to higher social emphasis on environmental destruction and increased technology. It is hence a fresh way of analyzing and interpreting literary texts, which brings new dimensions to the field of literary and theoretical studies. Western thought has often held a more or less utilitarian(实利主义的) attitude to nature —nature is for serving human needs. However, after the eighteenth century, there emerged many voices that demanded a revaluation of the relationship between man and environment, and man’s view of nature. Arne Naess, a Norwegian philosopher, developed the concept of “Deep Ecology” which emphasizes the basic interconnectedness of all life forms and natural features, and presents a symbiotic and holistic world-view rather than a human-centered one. Earlier theories in literary and cultural studies focused on issues of class, race, gender and region, which are the criteria and “subjects” of critical analysis. The late twentieth century has woken up to a new threat: ecological disaster. The most important environmental problems that humankind faces as a whole are: nuclear war, depletion of valuable natural resources, and population explosion. In such a context, literary and cultural theory has begun to address the issue as a part of academic discourse. Numerous green movements have sprung up all over the world, and some have even gained representations in the governments. 1. What can we learn about the two works mentioned in the first paragraph? A. They appeared in the 1990s. B. They only focus on literature. C. They were published in Norway. D. They were edited by the same author. 2. Why has ecocriticism attracted much attention recently? A. Because it helps solve nuclear war problems. B. Because people adopt traditional literary theories. C. Because it was created by famous philosophers. D. Because people focus more on environmental damage. 3. What can we know about Deep Ecology? A. It supports the utilitarian view of nature. B. It ignores the needs of human beings. C. It advocates a harmonious relationship among lives. D. It was widely accepted in the 18th century. 4. What does the author imply about earlier literary theories? A. They paid no attention to environmental issues. B. They were less influential than ecocriticism. C. They focused on ecological disaster. D. They were created in the late 20th century. 5. What is the main idea of the text? A. The problems of traditional literary theories. B. The definition and characteristics of ecocriticism. C. The development of green movements worldwide. D. The differences between Deep Ecology and Western thought. 【答案与解析】 这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了生态批评的定义、起源、研究内容、发展背景以及相关的深层生态学理念。 1.A细节理解题。根据第一段中“Ecocriticism was officially announced by the publication of two pioneering works, both published in the mid-1990s”可知，这两部著作都出版于20世纪90年代。故选A。 2.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“This form of criticism has gained a lot of attention during recent years due to higher social emphasis on environmental destruction and increased technology.”可知，生态批评最近受到广泛关注是因为人们更关注环境破坏问题。故选D。 3.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“Arne Naess, a Norwegian philosopher, developed the concept of ‘Deep Ecology’ which emphasizes the basic interconnectedness of all life forms and natural features, and presents a symbiotic and holistic world-view rather than a human-centered one.”可知，深层生态学强调所有生命形式的相互联系，倡导一种共生的、整体的世界观，即倡导所有生命之间的和谐关系。故选C。 4.A推理判断题。根据第四段中“Earlier theories in literary and cultural studies focused on issue of class, race, gender, region are criteria and ‘subjects’of critical analysis. The late twentieth century has woken up to a new threat: ecological disaster.”可知，早期的文学和文化理论聚焦于阶级、种族、性别、地区等问题，而20世纪末人们才意识到生态灾难这一威胁，由此可推断早期文学理论没有关注环境问题。故选A。 5.B主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了生态批评的定义及起源，第二段阐述其研究内容和受关注的原因，第三段介绍相关的深层生态学理念，第四段对比早期文学理论，说明生态批评出现的背景，整体围绕生态批评的定义和特点展开。故选B。 （原创）Passsage 3 https://youaccel.com/blog/the-future-of-ai-in-space-exploration-a-necessary-leap-for-humanity When humanity first looked up at the stars, it was with a sense of wonder and curiosity. Now, we stand on the edge of a new era in space exploration where artificial intelligence (AI) is not just an auxiliary(辅助的) tool but a central player. It is time to fully embrace AI’s potential to transform our approach to exploring the cosmos, for it holds the key to unlocking mysteries we have only dared to dream about. Space exploration has always been filled with challenges—vast distances, hostile environments, and limited resources require innovative solutions. Traditional methods, while groundbreaking in their time, are now inadequate to meet the demands of modern space missions. This is where AI steps in. By using AI, we can not only overcome these obstacles but also redefine the boundaries of what’s possible. The human brain, ingenious though it is, cannot process such immense quantities of information efficiently. AI, with its unparalleled capacity for data analysis, can sift(筛选) through this data rapidly and accurately. This capability is crucial for real-time decision-making during space missions, where delays can mean the difference between success and failure. Moreover, AI’s role extends beyond data analysis. Autonomous systems powered by AI are essential for the exploration of distant planets and moons. These systems can operate independently, making decisions and navigating complex environments without direct human intervention. Imagine a rover on Mars, equipped with AI, autonomously choosing the most promising paths, avoiding hazards, and conducting experiments while scientists on Earth sleep. This autonomy not only increases the efficiency of missions but also significantly reduces the risks associated with human error. The future of AI in space exploration is not merely a technological advancement; it is a necessary leap for humanity. To remain stagnant(停滞不前的) in the face of potential progress is to deny ourselves the opportunity to explore new frontiers. As we stand on the entry of this exciting era, the choice is ours: to embrace AI and its transformative potential or to cling to the familiar and risk being left behind. 1.Why are traditional space exploration methods considered inadequate? A. Because they are auxiliary tools. B. Because they ignore hostile environments. C. Because they lack enough resource support. D. Because they fail to satisfy modern mission needs. 2. How does AI mainly help space missions? A. By making decision slowly. B. By delaying the time of decision. C. By processing data quickly and precisely. D. By changing the environment on Mars. 3. What can we infer about AI-driven rovers on Mars? A. They need real-time human control. B. They seldom make correct decisions. C. They can only do simple experiments. D. They work efficiently with less human risk. 4.What’s the author’s attitude toward AI in space? A. Doubtful. B. Cautious. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned. 5. What is the text mainly about? A. The importance of AI in space exploration. B. Major risks in space exploration. C. Human achievements in space. D. Development of autonomous systems. 【答案与解析】 这是一篇说明文，讲述了人工智能在太空探索中不再是辅助工具而是核心角色，介绍了其在克服挑战、数据处理、自主探索等方面的作用及未来意义。 1.D细节理解题。根据第二段中“Traditional methods, while groundbreaking in their time, are now inadequate to meet the demands of modern space missions.”可知，传统太空探索方法被认为不足，是因为它们无法满足现代任务的需求。故选D。 2.C细节理解题。根据第三段中“AI, with its unparalleled capacity for data analysis, can sift through this data rapidly and accurately. This capability is crucial for real-time decision-making during space missions”可知，人工智能主要通过快速且精准地处理数据来帮助太空任务。故选C。 3.D推理判断题。根据第四段中“This autonomy not only increases the efficiency of missions but also significantly reduces the risks associated with human error.”可知，人工智能驱动的火星漫游车工作效率高，且能降低人为风险。故选D。 4.C推理判断题。根据第一段中“it is time to fully embrace AI’s potential to transform our approach to exploring the cosmos”和最后一段中“the future of AI in space exploration is not merely a technological advancement; it is a necessary leap for humanity”可知，作者对太空探索中的人工智能持支持态度。故选C。 5.A主旨大意题。通读全文，文章围绕人工智能在太空探索中的核心作用、具体优势及未来意义展开，核心是强调人工智能在太空探索中的重要性。故选A。 （原创）Passsage 4 语法填空 https://www.apu.apus.edu/area-of-study/math-and-science/resources/why-should-we-explore-space/ For centuries, humans 1 (fascinate) by the mysteries of the universe, driving us to explore unknown environments beyond our solar system. In today’s world, the question of why we should carry out space exploration goes beyond mere 2 (curious). Space exploration plays a crucial role 3 expanding our understanding of the universe. By creating a culture that embraces space exploration, we can develop a society that values education, innovation, and the ongoing pursuit of knowledge. It creates the groundwork for a future 4 humanity pushes boundaries and makes important achievements. 5 (addition), the exploration of space will inspire future generations. Children and young adults 6 (grow) up in a world touched by the wonders of space exploration and human spaceflight are far more likely to be attracted by 7 (field) like science, technology, engineering, and mathematics(STEM). The impact of the space program and space exploration on education is profound. It can inspire students 8 (dream) big, think smart, and pursue private-sector or public-sector careers that contribute to the advancement of knowledge and technology. Space exploration is like embarking(开始) on a journey of self-discovery. What’s more, it is also a chance to answer the question of whether we are alone in the 9 (vast) of the universe or if distant civilizations actually exist. So, engaging in space exploration is a 10 (transform) endeavor that aims to improve humanity. 【答案与解析】 这是一篇说明文，论述了人类进行太空探索的原因及其重要意义。 1.have been fascinated 考查动词时态和语态。由时间状语For centuries可知用现在完成时，humans与fascinate为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been fascinated。 2.curiosity 考查词性转换。mere为形容词，后接名词，curious的名词形式为curiosity。故填 curiosity。 3.in考查介词。固定搭配play a crucial role in…表示“在……中起着至关重要的作用”。故填in。 4.where 考查定语从句。先行词为future，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导定语从句。故填 where。 5.Additionally 考查词性转换。此处用副词作状语修饰整个句子，句首首字母大写。故填 Additionally。 6.growing 考查现在分词。Children and young adults与grow为主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语。故填 growing。 7.fields 考查名词复数。field 为可数名词，根据后面列举的学科可知用复数形式。故填fields。 8.to dream 考查不定式。固定搭配 inspire sb. to do sth. 表示“激励某人做某事”。故填to dream。 9.vastness 考查词性转换。定冠词the后接名词，vast的名词形式为 vastness。故填vastness。 10.transformative考查词性转换。句意：所以，开展太空探索是一项具有变革意义的事业，旨在促进人类的发展。根据句子的结构，此处要用形容词做定语，修饰名词，transformative意思是“有改革能力的，起改造作用的”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 英语语法填空命题双向细目表 篇章主题 题号 知识点（语法/词汇） 能力层次 题型 难度等级（易/中/难） 分值 考查能力说明 太空探索的原因及意义（说明文） 1 动词时态与语态（现在完成时的被动语态） 基本技能 语法填空 中 1 能根据时间状语（For centuries）判断时态，结合主谓关系判断被动语态，掌握现在完成时被动语态的构成 2 词性转换（形容词→名词，curious→curiosity） 基础知识 语法填空 易 1 掌握形容词变名词的规则，了解形容词（mere）后接名词的词性搭配要求 3 介词（固定搭配play a crucial role in） 基础知识 语法填空 易 1 熟记固定搭配的介词用法，能准确填写搭配中的介词 4 定语从句（关系副词where的用法） 基本技能 语法填空 中 1 能判断先行词（future），分析定语从句成分，确定关系副词的用法 5 词性转换（名词→副词，addition→additionally） 基础知识 语法填空 易 1 掌握名词变副词的规则，了解副词作状语修饰整个句子的用法，注意句首首字母大写 6 非谓语动词（现在分词作后置定语） 基本技能 语法填空 中 1 能判断逻辑主谓关系（主动），掌握现在分词作后置定语的用法 7 名词复数（field→fields） 基础知识 语法填空 易 1 掌握可数名词复数的变化规则，能根据语境（列举多个学科）判断名词单复数 8 非谓语动词（不定式作宾语补足语，inspire sb. to do sth.） 基础知识 语法填空 易 1 熟记固定搭配的用法，能准确填写不定式符号及动词原形 9 词性转换（形容词→名词，vast→vastness） 基础知识 语法填空 易 1 掌握形容词变名词的规则，了解定冠词the后接名词的词性搭配要求 10 词性转换（动词→形容词，transform→transformative） 基本技能 语法填空 中 1 掌握动词变形容词的规则，能根据句子结构（形容词作定语修饰名词）判断词性需求 合计 覆盖时态语态、词性转换、介词、定语从句、非谓语动词、名词复数 基础知识+基本技能 语法填空 易6题/中4题 10 全面考查基础语法知识掌握及基本应用能力，贴合教学大纲要求 编写说明： 1. 知识点：严格结合文本语法填空考点，覆盖高中英语核心基础语法及词汇应用知识点，兼具全面性和代表性； 2. 能力层次：结合教学目标，分为基础知识（基础语法/词汇记忆、固定搭配）和基本技能（语法应用、语境分析），与教学要求一致； 3. 题型：统一为语法填空，贴合文本题型设定； 4. 难度预估：易题（6题）侧重基础记忆，中档题（4题）侧重语法应用，无难题，符合常规语法填空命题难度分布； 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $表格_20260508 (1) 篇章 题号 考查知识点 能力层次 题型 难度 分值 考查能力说明 Passage 1环保人物介绍 1 人物荣誉细节定位 基础知识 阅读理解单选 易 2 快速定位原文信息，辨析选项与原文一致性 2 人物工作职责提取 基本技能 阅读理解单选 易 2 准确提取核心任务信息，排除干扰项 3 人物评价推理 综合运用 阅读理解单选 中 2 基于原文语句合理推断人物影响力 4 作品内涵推理 综合运用 阅读理解单选 中 2 从细节推断作品传递的核心思想 Passage 2生态批评介绍 1 文献信息细节 基础知识 阅读理解单选 易 2 定位关键时间、作者等基础信息 2 现象原因分析 基本技能 阅读理解单选 易 2 提取因果关系，匹配正确原因 3 核心概念理解 基本技能 阅读理解单选 中 2 准确解读专业术语内涵 4 理论特点推理 综合运用 阅读理解单选 中 2 对比信息推断早期理论不足 5 文章主旨概括 综合运用 阅读理解单选 中 2 归纳全文核心内容，排除细节干扰 Passage 3AI 与太空探索 1 传统方法局限 基础知识 阅读理解单选 易 2 定位原文关键句，匹配选项 2 AI 作用细节 基本技能 阅读理解单选 易 2 提取 AI 在太空任务中的具体作用 3 设备特点推理 综合运用 阅读理解单选 中 2 基于描述推理设备优势 4 作者态度判断 综合运用 阅读理解单选 中 2 通过关键词、语气判断立场 5 文本主旨归纳 综合运用 阅读理解单选 中 2 把握文章核心观点，概括主旨 $