内容正文:
小升初英语专题总复习
专题13 there be句型
There be句型表示某处存在某物/某人。
如:There is a nature park near the village.
↓ ↓
某物 某处
翻译:村庄附近有一个自然公园。
考点一
There be句型的结构
1. There is+a/an 可数名词单数+地点状语.
There is a clock on the wall. 墙上有一个时钟。
There is a plant beside the bed. 床边有一株植物。
2. There are+可数名词复数+地点状语.
There are some photos on the wall. 墙上有一些照片。
There are many ducks in the nature park. 自然公园里有许多鸭子。
3. There is + 不可数名词 +地点状语.
There is some milk in the glass. 杯子里有一些牛奶。
注意:
★ 牢记“就近原则”:当There be句型后面紧跟两个或多个并列名词时,be动词的形式由最靠近它的那个名词决定。如果最近的名词是单数或不可数,用is;如果是复数,用are。
There is a pen, a ruler and two books on the desk. (离be动词最近的是单数a pen,所以用is。)
There are two books, a pen and a ruler on the desk. (离be动词最近的是复数two books,所以用are。)
★ be动词看名词 There be句型中be动词(is/are)的选择,完全取决于其后的名词。名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be动词用is。名词是复数可数名词时,be动词用are。
There is some milk in the glass. (milk是不可数名词,用is。)
There are many books on the shelf. (books是复数可数名词,用are。)
考点再现
一、单项选择
( )1.There ________a lot of changes in our lives.
A.is B.are C.was
( )2.There ______ no gym in my school ten years ago.
A.is B.was C.were
( )3.There ______ a lot of tall buildings in Shenzhen forty years ago.
A.are B.wasn’t C.weren’t
( )4.There ______ a dining hall in my school twenty years ago.
A.is B.was C.were
( )5.There ______ no library in my school.
A.was B.were C.am
过关训练
一、适当形式填空
1.There (be) lots of dinosaurs many years ago.
2.Many years ago, there (be) many dinosaurs on the earth.
3.There (be) no computer rooms in my school five years ago. But now there (be) two computer rooms.
4.There (be) lots of paper and toys on the floor just now.
5.There (be) lots of milk in the bottles yesterday, but now the milk bottles
(be) all empty.
考点二
There be句型的否定形式
1. There is not (isn't) + a/an + 可数名词单数 + 地点状语。
There isn't a river in the park. 公园里没有河。
There isn't a computer in the classroom. 教室里没有电脑。
2. There are not (aren't) + any + 可数名词复数 + 地点状语。
There aren't any tall buildings in the village. 村庄里没有任何高楼。
There aren't any lakes near the city. 城市附近没有任何湖泊。
3. There is not (isn't) + any + 不可数名词 + 地点状语。
There isn't any juice in the fridge. 冰箱里没有果汁。
There isn't any milk in the glass. 玻璃杯里没有牛奶。
注意:
★ 否定句中some变any:在将There be句型的肯定句变为否定句时,如果句中有some,通常要将其改为any。这一规则适用于可数名词复数和不可数名词的情况。
There are some tall buildings in the city.
改为否定句:→ There aren't any tall buildings in the city. (some变为any)
There is some juice in the fridge.
改为否定句:→ There isn't any juice in the fridge. (some变为any)
★ 两种否定形式:not与no There be句型的否定形式主要有两种。一种是在be动词后加not(缩写为isn't/aren't),另一种是直接在be动词后加no。使用no时,后面不再需要any。
There isn't a river in the park. = There is no river in the park.
There aren't any lakes near the city. = There are no lakes near the city.
考点再现
一、单项选择
( )1.There ______ any tall buildings in this city twenty years ago.
A.wasn’t B.aren’t C.weren’t
( )2.There _______ many wild animals before but now there _________.
A.was; aren’t B.weren’t; are C.were; aren’t
( )3.There ______ any juice. Have some water, please.
A.Is B.isn’t C.aren’t
( )4.There _______ any fish in this river now.
A.isn’t B.aren’t C.are
( )5.There __________ buses in the Tang Dynasty.
A.was no B.were not C.were no
过关训练
一、适当形式填空
1.There (be) any milk on the table last night.
2.I’d like (drink) some juice, but there (be) any juice in the bottle.
3.There (be) any (drink) in the fridge this morning.
4.There (be) any water in the pool last night.
5.There (be) any sheep on the farm.
考点三
There be句型的疑问句及回答
1. 句式变化:一般疑问句需要把be动词调整到句首,当句中有some时,要改为any,注意标点。
例1:There is a river in the village.
(改为一般疑问句) → Is there a river in the village?
例2:There are some pandas in the nature park.
(改为一般疑问句) → Are there any pandas in the nature park?
2. There be句型的回答
肯定回答:Yes, there is/are.
否定回答:No, there isn't/aren't.
3. 特殊疑问句:提问There be句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:
(1) 对主语提问:
① 当主语是人时,用“Who”提问;
② 当主语是物时,用“What”。 注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式,回答时根据实际情况来决定。
例1:There are many trees in the forest. (对划线部分进行提问) → What's in the forest?
例2:There is a science teacher in our school. (对划线部分进行提问) → Who is in your school?
(2) 对地点提问:提问地点用“Where is/are+主语”。
There is a computer in the library. (对划线部分进行提问) → Where is the computer?
(3) 对数量提问:
① How many+复数名词+are there+地点短语?
② How much+不可数名词+is there+地点短语?
例1:There are four seasons in a year.
(对划线部分进行提问) → How many seasons are there in a year?
例2:There is some milk in the glass.
(对划线部分进行提问) → How much milk is there in the glass?
考点再现
一、单项选择
( )1.—How many bridges are there? —______.
A.I can see 3. B.There are 3 C.Over the river
( )2.—Are there any maps on the wall? —_________
A.Yes, there is. B.Yes, there are. C.No, there isn’t. D.No, there wasn’t.
( )3.________ there any books in the classroom yesterday?
A.Is B.Are C.Was D.Were
( )4.—Excuse me, ______ a bank near here? —Yes, at the end of the street.
A.do there B.is there C.are there
( )5.—How many days ______ there in a week? —There ______ seven.
A.is; is B.are; is C.is; are D.are; are
过关训练
一、适当形式填空
1.—Is there a doctor in the village? —No, there (is / isn’t).
2. (Be) there any computers in your school twenty years ago?
3.How many baby turtles there now? (is)
4.How many rooms (be) there in the cinema?
5.— ( be ) there any shops next to your home? —No, there .
考点四
There be句型与have/has的用法区别
1. 核心用法不同
There be句型:表示“某地有某物/某人”,强调的是存在关系(客观存在),即某个地方存在着什么东西。
have/has:表示“某人/某物拥有...”,强调的是所属关系(主观拥有),即谁拥有什么东西。
2. 句型结构对比
There be句型:There be (is/are) + 名词 + 地点状语。
have/has句型:主语 (人/物) + have/has + 名词。
3. 典型例句解析
There be句型:There is a computer on the desk. (书桌上有一台电脑。)
解析:强调“书桌上”这个位置存在“电脑”。
have/has句型:I have a computer. (我有一台电脑。)
解析:强调“我”拥有这台电脑的所有权。
4. 易错点提示
不能混用:There be句型中不能再用have或has。
错误:There has a book on the desk.
正确:There is a book on the desk.
5. 特殊用法:在表示“某地包含/具有某种特征”时,有时两者可以互换,但侧重点不同。
例如:Our school has a big library. (侧重学校拥有这个设施)
例如:There is a big library in our school. (侧重图书馆存在于学校里)
考点再现
一、单项选择
( )1.There ________ a football match next Friday.
A.will have B.will be C.is having D.will give
( )2.There ____ two bowls of rice on the table.
A.is B.have C.has D.are
( )3. _______ a concert next Saturday?
A.There will be B.Will there be
C.There can be D.There are
( )4.There will ______ an English party in our school next week.
A.have B.has C.be
( )5.There ________ some books on the desk.
A.is B.are C.am
过关训练
一、适当形式填空
1.There (be) a book store and two cafes in our community.
2.There (be) no TVs many years ago.
3.There (be) a hospital over there.
4.Many years ago, there (be) no cars.
5.There (be) some apples on the table. There (be) any sweets on it.
一、单项选择
( )1.There ________ no computers in my school five years ago.
A.was B.are C.were
( )2.How many people ________ in your family?
A.do you have B.are there C.there are
( )3.—Is there a mooncake on the table? —Yes, there ____.
A.is B.are C.do
( )4.—What’s the weather like tomorrow? —______ will be a strong wind.
A.It B.There C.They
( )5.He went to the supermarket because there ____ any bread in the fridge.
A.is B.was C.wasn’t
二、填空题
1.There (be) one book on the desk. But there (be) two children.
2.— (be) there any milk in the fridge? —Yes, there (be).
3.How many classrooms (be) there in the school?
4.There (be) a pen and two rulers on the desk.
5.There (be) some bread and sandwiches in the fridge.
三、联系上下文,填入所缺单词,补全短文。
There 1 four rooms in my new house. My bedroom 2 big and nice. There 3 a big bed. There 4 two pictures on the wall. Between the pictures, there is a 5 (照片). There is a chair in 6 of the desk. I 7 my bedroom very much.
四、句型转换
1.There are four seasons in a year. (改为一般疑问句)
_______ _______ four seasons in a year?
2.There are some trees in our community. (改为单数句)
There _______ _______ tree in our community.
3.There is a shop near our community. (改为否定句)
There _______ _______ a shop near our community.
4.Is there a bank here? (作肯定回答)
_______, _______ ________.
5.There is a bookstore in our community. (对划线部分提问)
_______ _______ in your community?
五、阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)。
Look at this map of my community (社区). There are many tall buildings in it. My home is near the cake shop and there is a small park on the right of my home. There are many children playing in the park every day. Across the road, there is a new supermarket there. The flower shop is on the right of the supermarket. Beside the flower shop there is a pet shop. Between the hotel and flower shop there is a small dining hall, but it’s specifically (专门) for cooking meals for the older people. It is a little far from my community to my school. Every day I go to school on foot, and it takes about half an hour to go to school.
( )1.My community has few tall buildings.
( )2.My community is big and has many shops.
( )3.The supermarket is on the left of the flower shop.
( )4.My community has a dining hall for the older people.
( )5.My home is near my school.
答案与解析
考点梳理01
考点再现
一、1.B
【详解】句意:我们的生活里有很多改变。句子是there be句型,空后的changes是可数名词复数,be用are,was是is/am的过去式。
2.B
【详解】句意:十年前我们学校没有体育馆。本题考查there be句型。gym是单数,所以be动词用is。又根据ten years ago可知句子时态是一般过去时,所以be动词要用过去式,is的过去式是was。故选B。
3.C
【详解】句意:四十年前,深圳的高楼大厦并不多。本题考查时态辨析和there be句型。forty years ago四十年前,是一般过去时的标志词,横线后是名词复数,be用are,are的过去式是were,故选C。
4.B
【详解】句意:二十年前,我的学校有一个饭堂。本题考查there be结构和时态辨析。twenty years ago是一般过去时的时间标志,a dining hall为单数,be动词用is的过去式was,故选B。
5.A
【详解】句意:我的学校没有图书馆。本题考查there be句型,library是单数,be用is,was是am/is的过去式,故选A。
过关训练
一、1.were
【详解】句意:很多年前有很多恐龙。根据many years ago很多年前,可知句子是一般过去时,空后是复数,be用are的过去式were。
2.were
【详解】句意:很多年前,地球上有很多恐龙。根据Many years ago可知句子是一般过去时,空后是复数名词,be用were。
3. were are
【详解】句意:我的学校里五年前没有电脑室。但现在有两间计算机室。由five years ago可知句子是一般过去时,空后是复数,be用are的过去式were;由now可知句子是一般现在时,空后是复数,be用are。
4.was
【详解】句意:刚才地板上有很多纸和玩具。句子时态是一般过去时,paper是不可数名词,there be句型遵循就近原则,be用is的过去式was。
5. was are
【详解】句意:昨天在瓶子里有大量的牛奶,但是现在牛奶瓶子都空了。本题考查there be句型和be动词。第一句是there be句型,根据yesterday可知时态是一般过去时,milk不可数名词,be动词用was。根据now可知第二句时态是一般现在时,主语the milk bottles是可数名词复数,be动词用are,故答案为was;are。
考点梳理02
考点再现
一、1.C
【详解】句意:二十年前这座城市没有高楼。本题考查there be句型和时态辨析。根据twenty years ago,可知句子是一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,根据any tall buildings可知be动词用复数形式weren’t,故选C。
2.C
【详解】句意:以前有很多野生动物,但现在没有了。本题考查there be句型。第一个空后是名词复数,be用are的过去式were,由常识可知以前有很多野生动物,用肯定句,第一个空填were;根据常识可知现在没有,是否定句,第二个空填are的否定形式aren’t。故选C。
3.B
【详解】句意:这没有果汁了。请喝些水。本题考查there be句型,根据后面的句意,得知是没有,果汁是不可数名词,用is的否定形式isn’t,故选B。
4.B
【详解】句意:现在这条河里_______鱼了。该句为there be句型,主语fish表示鱼单复数同形,前面有不定代词any,说明是复数,be动词用are,are的否定结构为aren’t,故选B。
5.C
【详解】句意:唐朝没有公共汽车。该句是there be句型,buses公共汽车,复数形式,故be动词用were,no=not any。故选C。
过关训练
一、1.wasn’t
【详解】句意:昨天晚上桌子上没有牛奶。本题考查there be句型。根据last night可知时态是一般过去时,milk不可数名词,be动词用was,根据any可知句子是否定句,was和not缩写为wasn’t,故答案为wasn’t。
2. to drink isn’t
【详解】句意:我想喝点果汁,但是瓶子里没有果汁。本题考查动词的形式、there be句型。would like to do sth想要做某事,故第一空用动词不定式to drink;第二空是there be句型,juice是不可数名词,be动词用is,any用于否定句或疑问句,故该句是否定句,is后加not,is not=isn’t。故答案为to drink;isn’t。
3. weren’t drinks
【详解】句意:今天上午冰箱里没有饮料。本题考查there be句型和可数名词及其单复数。drink饮料,可数名词,前面有any修饰,drink用复数drinks,根据时间可知句子是一般过去时,be用are的过去式were,由any可知句子是否定句,were用否定形式weren’t,故答案为weren’t,drinks。
4.wasn’t
【详解】句意:昨天晚上池塘里没有水。本题考查there be句型。根据last night可知时态是一般过去时,any用于否定句和疑问句,本题应该是否定句,water是不可数名词,be动词用wasn’t,故答案为wasn’t。
5.aren’t
【详解】句意:农场上没有绵羊。本题考查there be句型。sheep是复数,be用are,由any可知句子是否定句,are用否定形式aren’t,故答案为aren’t。
考点梳理03
考点再现
一、1.B
【详解】句意:—有多少座桥?—_____。A我能看见三座;B有三座;C在河上。问句询问数量,答语应说有多少座桥,有用there be句型表示,故选B。
2.B
【详解】问句句意:墙上有地图吗?there are的一般疑问句,肯定回答是Yes, there are. 否定回答是No, there aren't. 故选B。
3.D
【详解】句意:昨天教室里有书吗?本题考查there be句型,根据yesterday,可知句子是一般过去时,books是复数,be用are的过去式were,故选D。
【点睛】
4.B
【详解】句意:—打扰一下,这附近有银行吗?—有,在这条街的尽头。由答语可知上文应问附近有银行吗,句子时态为一般现在时,由句中a bank可知应用be动词is,结合选项B符合题意,故选B。
【点睛】
5.D
【详解】句意:一周有几天?有7天。There be句型,days复数,be用are;7是复数,用are,故选D。
过关训练
一、1.isn’t
【详解】句意:—村庄里有医生吗?—不,没有。本题考查there be句型的一般疑问句的答语。there is的一般疑问句,否定回答是No, there isn’t. 故答案为isn’t。
2.Were
【详解】句意:二十年前你的学校有电脑吗?本题考查there be句型。根据时间可知句子是一般过去时,横线后是名词复数,be用are的过去式were,故答案为Were。
3.are
【详解】句意:现在那里有多少只小海龟?本题考查主谓一致。主语baby turtles为复数,且时态为现在时,故be动词需用复数形式are。括号中的提示词is需根据主语变为复数形式。故答案为are。
4.are
【详解】句意:电影院里有多少个房间?本题考查there be句型的特殊疑问句。rooms是可数名词复数,句子可用一般现在时,be用are,故答案为are。
5. Are aren’t
【详解】句意:—你家旁边有商店吗?—不,没有。该句是there be句型的一般疑问句,时态是一般现在时,shops是可数名词复数,be用Are,回答是否定,用aren’t。
考点梳理04
考点再现
一、1.B
【详解】句意:下周五将会有一场足球赛。there be句型与have不能连用,且由next Friday可知,时态为一般将来时,there be句型的将来时是there will be,故选B。
2.D
【详解】本题中,句子的真正主语是 two bowls of rice(两碗米饭)。虽然 rice(米饭)是不可数名词,但这里的中心词是可数名词 bowl(碗)的复数形式 bowls。根据主谓一致原则,当主语是复数时,be 动词应使用 are。另外,There have/has 是不符合语法的错误表达,因此,正确答案是 D。
3.B
【详解】句意为下周六有音乐会吗?由next Saturday可知该句时态为一般将来时,该句为there be句型,一般将来时疑问句结构为:Will there be +某物+某处?ACD均不符合题意,故选B。
4.C
【详解】句意:下周我们学校会有一个英语派对。there be句型表示“某地有某物”,其将来时结构为“There will be...”;have和has表示“拥有”,主语通常是人或物,不符合there be句型的用法。
5.B
【详解】句意:桌子上有一些书。空后是复数,be用are。
过关训练
一、1.is
【详解】句意:我们社区里______一家书店和两家咖啡馆。句子时态为一般现在时,该句为There be句型,根据There be的就近原则,离得最近的名词a book store是单数,be动词用is。
2.were
【详解】句意:很多年前没有电视。many years ago很多年前,提示句子是一般过去时。句子是there be句型,be动词的形式和最近的主语保持一致。主语是名词复数TVs,be用are的过去式were。
3.is
【详解】句意:那边有一家医院。该句是there be句型,句子可用一般现在时,主语a hospital是单数,be用is。
4.were
【详解】句意:许多年前,没有汽车。根据Many years ago可知时态是一般过去时,cars是复数,be动词用were。
5. are aren’t
【详解】句意:桌子上有一些苹果。桌子上没有任何糖果。第一句中apples是复数,根据there be句型“就近原则”,be动词用are;第二句中有any,常用于否定句,sweets是复数,be动词用aren’t。
一、1.C
【详解】句意:五年前我的学校里没有电脑。该句是there be句型,computers是复数,由five years ago可知是一般过去时,be用were。
2.B
【详解】句意:你家________几个人?该句是there be句型的特殊疑问句,there be句型中be动词要位于there的前面,主语people是复数,be动词用are,B符合题意。
3.A
【详解】句意:—在桌子上有一块月饼吗?—是的,有。本题考查there be句型的一般疑问句及其答语。问句是there be句型的一般疑问句,肯定回答是Yes, there+be,问句be动词是is,答语也用is,故选A。
4.B
【详解】句意:—明天的天气怎么样?—有大风。本题考查there be句型,根据句意可知表示有大风,答语为there be句型,故选B。
5.C
【详解】句意:他去了超市,因为冰箱里没有面包了。本题考查there be句型。根据went可知句子时态为一般过去时,any用于否定句,根据句意和选项可知后面从句是there be句型的否定形式,主语是不可数名词bread面包,be要用was的否定形式wasn’t,选项C符合题意,故选C。
二、1. is are
【详解】句意:桌上有一本书。但是有两个孩子。第一句中one book是单数,be动词用is;第二句中two children是复数,be动词用are。
2. Is is
【详解】句意:—冰箱里有牛奶吗?—是的,有。本题考查there be句型。句子可用一般现在时,milk是不可数名词,be用is,there is的一般疑问句,肯定回答是Yes, there is. 故答案为Is,is。
3.are
【详解】句意:学校里有多少间教室?本题考查there be句型的特殊疑问句。classrooms是可数名词复数,句子可用一般现在时,be用are,故答案为are。
4.is
【详解】句意:桌子上____一支笔和两把尺子。句子是There be句型,时态为一般现在时,There be句型遵循就近原则,be动词要与离它最近的名词a pen保持一致,be动词用is。
5.is
【详解】句意:冰箱里有一些面包和三明治。本题考查there be句型的就近原则,there be句型遵循就近原则,就近主语bread是不可数名词,时态可为一般现在时,be用is,故答案为is。
三、1.are 2.is 3.is 4.are 5.photo 6.front 7.like/love
【解析】1.句意:我的新家有四个房间。考查there be句型。空后rooms是可数名词复数,因此设空处be动词用are。故答案为are。
2.句意:我的卧室又大又漂亮。空前bedroom是可数名词单数,因此设空处be动词用is。故答案为is。
3.句意:有一个大床。考查there be句型。空后a big bed是可数名词单数,因此设空处be动词用is。故答案为is。
4.句意:墙上有两幅画。考查there be句型。空后pictures是可数名词复数,因此设空处be动词用are。故答案为are。
5.句意:画之间有一张照片。“照片”译为photo,根据空前的冠词a可知,设空处填其单数形式photo。故答案为photo。
6.句意:桌子前有一把椅子。in front of(在……前面)是固定搭配,因此设空处填front。故答案为front。
7.根据语境可知,句意为“我非常喜欢我的卧室。”,故设空处填like或love。故答案为like/love。
四、1. Are there
【详解】句意:一年有四个季节。句子是There be句型,改成一般疑问句,需把be动词are提到句首,后面接there,其余部分保持不变。
2. is a
【详解】原句句意:我们的社区里有一些树。改为单数句,are改为is,some改为a。
3. is not
【详解】原句句意:我们的社区附近有一家商店。there is的肯定句改为否定句,在is后加not。
4. Yes there is
【详解】句意:这里有一家银行吗?句子是There be句型的一般疑问句,肯定回答为Yes, there+be动词,be动词要和问句保持一致,问句用is,答句也要用is。
5. What is
【详解】句意:我们社区里有一家书店。对事物“a bookstore”提问用What,原句是there be句型,变为特殊疑问句,结构为What is+地点?
五、1.F 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F
【导语】本文主要介绍了自己的社区。
1.句意:我的社区几乎没有高楼。根据文中“There are many tall buildings in it.”可知作者的社区里有许多的高楼,句子与原文不符。
2.句意:我的社区很大,并且有许多的商店。通过阅读全文及文中“My home is near the cake shop and there is a small park on the right of my home.”和“Across the road, there is a new supermarket there. The flower shop is on the right of the supermarket. Beside the flower shop there is a pet shop.”可知作者的社区里很大,里面有蛋糕店、超市、花店和宠物店等许多的店铺,句子与原文相符。
3.句意:超市在花店左边。根据文中“The flower shop is on the right of the supermarket. ”可知花店的左边是超市,句子与原文相符。
4.句意:我的社区有一家为老年人设立的餐厅。根据文中“Between the hotel and flower shop there is a small dining hall, but it’s specifically (专门) for cooking meals for the older people.”可知作者社区里的餐厅是专门为老人设立的,句子与原文相符。
5.句意:我的家离我的学校很近。根据文中“Every day I go to school on foot, and it takes about half an hour to go to school.”可知作者每天去学校要走路要花费半个小时的时间,不是很近,句子与原文不符。
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