Unit 4 Weather and our lives 单元语法精讲巧练 -六年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练(新教材沪教版五四制)

2026-05-08
| 2份
| 28页
| 666人阅读
| 21人下载

资源信息

学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语沪教版(五四学制)六年级下册
年级 六年级
章节 Unit 4 Weather and our lives
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 上海市
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 147 KB
发布时间 2026-05-08
更新时间 2026-05-08
作者 David中高考英语考试研究
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2026-05-08
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/57742246.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

内容正文:

Unit 4 Weather and our lives单元语法讲与练 ( 单元语法精讲 ) 语法精讲——it的用法 在英语中,it 是使用频率极高的代词。它既可以用作人称代词指代具体事物,也可以用作非人称代词指代自然现象或抽象概念,更常作为形式主语或形式宾语出现在复杂句型中,以避免头重脚轻。此外,它还广泛用于强调结构和固定搭配中。 一、it 作代词(指代功能) 1. 作人称代词 指代前文提到的特定事物、动物或婴儿,避免重复。 · —Where is the cat? (猫在哪儿?) —It is lying under the chair. (它躺在椅子下面。) · He took off his shoe and threw it on the floor. (他脱下鞋子,把它扔在地板上。) 2. 作非人称代词 当所指对象不明确、无需指明性别,或指代时间、天气、距离、环境状况等抽象概念时,常用 it。 (1) 指代身份不明的人 · There is someone knocking at the door. Who is it? (有人敲门,是谁?) · Is it a boy or a girl? (是男孩还是女孩?) (2) 指代时间、日期、季节 · Time: What time is it? It’s half past ten. / It’s late. · Day/Date: What day is it? It’s Thursday. / It’s 16 September. · Season: What season is it? It’s spring now. (3) 指代天气、温度、自然现象 · Weather: It’s raining. / It’s a nice day today. / It rains a lot here. · Temperature: It’s 25 degrees. / It’s warm today. · Environment: It was dull when Mary was away. (玛丽不在,真没劲。) (4) 指代距离、价值、数量 · Distance: How far is it from your home to school? It’s three kilometres. · Value/Price: —How much is that jacket? —It’s $100. · Weight: It weighs 350 pounds. 二、it 作形式主语/形式宾语 为了避免句子“头重脚轻”(即主语或宾语过长),习惯上用 it 占据主语或宾语的位置,而将真正的主语或宾语(不定式、动名词、从句)后置。 1. it 作形式主语 结构:It + be + adj./n. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. / doing sth. / that-clause (1) 代替不定式短语 (to do) · It is + adj. + to do sth. · It’s dangerous to play with fire. (玩火很危险。) · It’s impossible to travel in the weather balloon. (乘气象气球旅行是不可能的。) · It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. (形容词描述事情的性质,如 easy, hard, important, necessary) · It’s important for us to eat a balanced diet. (均衡饮食对我们很重要。) · It was not easy for him to overcome the difficulty. · It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. (形容词描述人的品质,如 kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish) · It’s nice of you to help me carry the heavy box. (你帮我搬重箱子,真好。) · It is not polite of you to speak with your mouth full. (2) 代替动名词短语 (doing) 主要用于固定表达,如 It is no use/good/fun doing... · It’s no use learning without thinking. (学而不思则罔。) · It’s great fun travelling with so many friends. (3) 代替主语从句 (that-clause / wh-clause) · It is said that Mary is leaving for London tomorrow. (据说玛丽明天要去伦敦。) · It is certain that we shall succeed. (我们一定会成功。) · It seems that you know a lot about this city. (看来你对这座城市很了解。) 2. it 作形式宾语 结构:Subject + find/think/make/feel + it + adj./n. + to do sth. · We found it necessary to plant more trees. (我们发现种树很有必要。) · I think it important to learn English well. 三、it 的固定句型与特殊结构 1. 花费时间与金钱 · It takes sb. some time to do sth. (做某事花费某人多少时间) · It takes her a week to finish reading this book. · It took me 15 minutes to listen to English. · 辨析: · Sb. spends time/money on sth. / (in) doing sth. · Sth. costs sb. money. · Sb. pays money for sth. 2. 时间相关句型 · It is time for sth. / It is time to do sth. (是做……的时候了) · It’s time for class. · It’s time to go to bed. · It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时句子 (自从……以来已经多久了) · It’s been more than ten years since we met one another last time. · It is twenty years since he gave up smoking. · It is/was + the first/second... time + that + 完成时态 · It is the first time that I have seen the film. (现在完成时) · It was the third time that he had been to the museum. (过去完成时) · It was + 时间段 + before... (过了多久才……) · It was three days before he came back. 3. 强调句型 (不做要求) 结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分 · 原句:Li Lei cleaned the classroom yesterday. · 强调主语:It was Li Lei who/that cleaned the classroom yesterday. · 强调时间:It was yesterday that Li Lei cleaned the classroom. · 注意: 若被强调部分是人,可用 who 或 that;若是物、时间、地点状语,只能用 that。 4. 其他常见固定搭配 · Make it: 成功;赶上;做到。 · Can you make it to the party? (你能赶来参加聚会吗?) · Take it easy: 别紧张;放松点。 · Depend on it: 请放心;毫无疑问。 核心用法及详解 用法类别 核心含义/目的 结构特点 典型例句(贴合本单元语境) 1. 作非人称代词(重点) 指代天气、时间、距离、温度、季节等无生命概念,无具体指代对象,仅起语法作用 无明确主语,it置于句首,后接相应谓语(be动词、实义动词) ① It’s sunny today.(天气:今天天气晴朗。)② It’s 25 degrees in summer.(温度:夏天气温25度。)③ It’s three kilometres from school to the park.(距离:从学校到公园有三公里。)④ It’s 7 o’clock now.(时间:现在7点了。) 2. 作人称代词 指代前文已经提到过的人或事物(单数),避免重复 it指代前文出现的单数名词/不可数名词,可作主语、宾语 ① Where is the weather balloon? It is on the desk.(指代weather balloon)② I have a new umbrella. It is blue.(指代umbrella) 3. 作形式主语(重点) 避免句子头重脚轻,代替后面的真实主语(不定式短语、动名词短语、主语从句) It + be动词/实义动词 + 其他成分 + 真实主语(后置) ① It’s important to learn about weather.(真实主语:to learn about weather)② It’s no use worrying about the bad weather.(真实主语:worrying about the bad weather)③ It’s said that it will rain tomorrow.(真实主语:that it will rain tomorrow) 4. 用于强调结构 (较难;此部分不做要求) 强调句子中的主语、宾语或状语(时间、地点等),突出重点 It is/was + 被强调部分 + who/that + 其他成分(指人用who/that,指物用that) ① It is Tom that knows a lot about weather.(强调主语Tom) ② It was yesterday that it rained heavily.(强调状语yesterday) (三)核心固定句型(高频考点) 结合本单元语境,聚焦8类核心句型,明确结构、用法及易错点,便于直接运用和解题: 句型类别 核心结构 含义/用法 典型例句 句型1:表时间/天气/距离等 It + be动词/实义动词 + 相关成分 用于描述天气、时间、距离、温度,it无实际意义 It rains a lot in spring.(春天经常下雨。)It’s 10 kilometres from here to the airport. 句型2:It + v. + to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth.(重点)It costs sb. some money to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱”,it作形式主语 It takes me 10 minutes to check the weather report. 句型3:It + be + adj. + to do sth. It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示“做某事是……的”,形容词描述事情的性质 It’s dangerous to go out in a storm. 句型4:It + be + adj. + for sb. to do sth. It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 形容词形容“事情”,for sb. 表示“对某人来说” It’s easy for us to predict the weather now. 句型5:It + be + adj. + of sb. to do sth. It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth. 形容词形容“人”的品质(如nice, kind等) It’s kind of you to tell me the weather forecast. 句型6:It + be + n. + to do sth. It is + 名词 + to do sth. 表示“做某事是一种……”,名词体现事情的属性 It’s great fun to do the weather experiment. 句型7:It is/has been + 时间段 + since... It is/has been + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时句子 表示“自从……以来已经有多长时间了” It has been two years since we started learning about weather. 句型8:It is the first/second time + that... It is the first time that + 现在完成时It was the first time that + 过去完成时 表示“这是某人第一次做某事”,时态固定 It is the first time that I have seen a snowstorm. 【单元核心语法小结】 it的用法 核心结构/句型 关键提醒 非人称代词(天气/时间/距离等) It + be/实义动词 + 相关成分 不用复数,weather前不加the 形式主语 It + be/动词 + 其他 + 真实主语(to do/doing/从句) 真实主语后置,it无实际意义 固定句型 It takes sb. time to do sth.;It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 区分for/of,牢记时态搭配 强调结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + who/that... 指物用that,指人可用who ( 语法巩固训练 ) Part 1 【基础训练】 一、单项选择(共10小题,考查全面,贴合单元考点) 1. —________ is the weather in Shanghai today? —________ warm and sunny. A.What; It’s B.How; It’s C.How; It D.What; It 2. It’s polite ________ others when they are in trouble. A.Help B.to help C.Helping D.helps 3. —What’s the time now? —________ half past nine. A.Its B.It’s C.This is D.They are 4. ________ is not easy to predict the weather in winter. A.This B.There C.It D.One 5. It takes ________ 20 minutes ________ to school by bike every morning. A.him; go B.him; to go C.his; to go D.him; going 6. It’s important ________ us to learn how to read the weather map. A.for B.of C.to D.with 7. —How much is that jacket? —________ $100. A.How much; They’re B.How much; It’s C.What color; It’s D.What; They’re 8. ________ seems that you know a lot about different kinds of weather. A.This B.It C.You D.That 9. It’s kind ________ you to tell me the weather forecast for tomorrow. A.for B.of C.with D.to 10. It ________ me 15 minutes to listen to the weather report every evening. A.cost B.spends C.takes D.takes 【答案及解析】 1. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——今天上海的天气怎么样?——天气温暖又晴朗。考查天气提问和it指代。提问天气用“How is the weather?”或“What is the weather like?”,排除A、D;回答天气用“It’s + 形容词”,C选项缺少be动词,故选B。 2. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:当别人遇到困难时,帮助他们是有礼貌的。考查it作形式主语。固定句型It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.,it作形式主语,真实主语是不定式to help,故选B。 3. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——现在几点了?——九点半了。考查it指代时间。指代时间用it,It’s + 时间表示“现在是……点”,its是形容词性物主代词“它的”,this和they不指代时间,故选B。 4. 【答案】C 【详解】句意:预测冬天的天气并不容易。考查it作形式主语。固定句型It is + 形容词 + to do sth.,it作形式主语,避免头重脚轻,this、there、one均不能作形式主语,故选C。 5. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他每天早上骑自行车上学要花20分钟。考查固定句型。It takes sb. some time to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多少时间”,sb.用宾格,后接不定式,故选B。 6. 【答案】A 【详解】句意:对我们来说,学会看天气图是很重要的。考查for sb. 与of sb. 的区别。形容词important形容“学会看天气图”这件事,用for sb.,固定句型It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.,故选A。 7. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——那件夹克多少钱?——它100美元。考查疑问词和it指代。提问价格用how much,排除C、D;jacket是单数,用it指代,故选B。 8. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:你似乎很了解各种天气。考查固定句型。It seems that... 表示“似乎……”,it作形式主语,that引导真实主语从句,故选B。 9. 【答案】B 【详解】句意:你真好,告诉我明天的天气预报。考查for sb. 与of sb. 的区别。形容词kind形容“你”这个人的品质,用of sb.,固定句型It’s + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.,故选B。 10. 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我每天晚上听天气预报要花15分钟。考查动词辨析。cost主语是物,spend主语是人,take主语是it,固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.,主语是it,谓语用takes,故选C。 二、完成句子(共10小题,考查句型转换、连词成句,贴合单元语境) 1. It, the, books, turned out, 600, shelves, that, could, hold (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 2. fun, to, after, in, it’s, the park, walk, lunch (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 3. my family, it’s, to celebrate, fun, the Spring Festival, with (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 4. Urumqi is quite cold and snowy today. (用it作形式主语改写句子) ___________________________________________________ 5. time, manage, It is, to learn, important, how to (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 6. Walking to school is good exercise. (改为同义句,用it作形式主语) _______ _______ good exercise _______ _______ to school. 7. Lily spent ten minutes cleaning her room last night. (保持句意基本不变,用it作形式主语) It ________ Lily ten minutes ________ clean her room last night. 8. it, does, how long, travel to, take, to, the airport(?)(连词成句) ___________________________________________________? 9. half an hour, by car, the airport, it, takes, to get to (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 10. It takes about 15 minutes to drive to Dragon Bay. (对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 【答案】It turned out that the shelves could hold 600 books. 【详解】考查it作形式主语的主语从句,It turned out that... 表示“结果是……”,the shelves作从句主语,could hold作谓语,600 books作宾语。 2. 【答案】It’s fun to walk in the park after lunch. 【详解】考查固定句型It’s + 名词 + to do sth.,it作形式主语,真实主语是to walk in the park after lunch,“饭后在公园散步很有趣”。 3. 【答案】It’s fun to celebrate the Spring Festival with my family. 【详解】考查固定句型It’s + 名词 + to do sth.,真实主语是to celebrate the Spring Festival with my family,“和家人一起庆祝春节很有趣”。 4. 【答案】It’s quite cold and snowy in Urumqi today. 【详解】考查it指代天气,将原句的主语Urumqi改为地点状语in Urumqi,用it作形式主语,保持句意不变。 5. 【答案】It is important to learn how to manage time. 【详解】考查固定句型It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.,it作形式主语,真实主语是to learn how to manage time,“学会如何管理时间很重要”。 6. 【答案】It is; to walk 【详解】考查同义句转换,将动名词短语Walking to school(真实主语)后置,用it作形式主语,固定句型It is + 形容词 + to do sth.,故填It is; to walk。 7. 【答案】took; to 【详解】考查同义句转换,spend...doing sth. 转换为It takes sb. some time to do sth.,原句是一般过去时,take改为took,故填took; to。 8. 【答案】How long does it take to travel to the airport? 【详解】考查特殊疑问句,how long提问时间,置于句首,后面接一般疑问句,固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.,故连词成句为How long does it take to travel to the airport?。 9. 【答案】It takes half an hour to get to the airport by car. 【详解】考查固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.,it作形式主语,half an hour是时间,to get to the airport by car是真实主语,“开车去机场要花半小时”。 10. 【答案】How long does it take to drive to Dragon Bay? 【详解】考查对时间提问,划线部分是about 15 minutes,用how long提问,原句是一般现在时,借助助动词does,takes改为原形take,故填How long does it take to drive to Dragon Bay?。 三、句子翻译(共10小题,用指定结构,贴合单元语境,语法正确) 1. 今天天气晴朗,适合去公园散步。(用it指代天气) ___________________________________________________ 2. 做天气实验是很有趣的。(用It’s + n. + to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ 3. 对我们来说,预测天气并不容易。(用It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ 4. 你真好,帮我查看明天的天气。(用It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ 5. 从我们学校到市中心大约有五公里。(用it指代距离) ___________________________________________________ 6. 我每天花10分钟看天气预报。(用It takes sb. some time to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ 7. 据说明天会下雨。(用It’s said that...) ___________________________________________________ 8. 这是我第一次看到暴风雪。(用It is the first time that...) ___________________________________________________ 9. 自从我们开始学习天气知识以来,已经有一年了。(用It has been + 时间段 + since...) ___________________________________________________ 10. 在暴雨中骑自行车是很危险的。(用It’s + adj. + to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 【答案】It’s sunny today, and it’s suitable to walk in the park. 【详解】考查it指代天气,前半句用It’s sunny today,后半句用it作形式主语,suitable“适合的”,to walk in the park作真实主语,符合语境。 2. 【答案】It’s great fun to do the weather experiment. 【详解】考查固定句型It’s + n. + to do sth.,great fun“很有趣”,to do the weather experiment作真实主语,贴合本单元语法和语境。 3. 【答案】It’s not easy for us to predict the weather. 【详解】考查固定句型It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.,not easy“不容易”,for us“对我们来说”,to predict the weather“预测天气”,语法正确。 4. 【答案】It’s kind of you to help me check the weather for tomorrow. 【详解】考查固定句型It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.,kind“善良的”,形容人的品质,help me check the weather“帮我查看天气”,符合要求。 5. 【答案】It’s about five kilometres from our school to the city centre. 【详解】考查it指代距离,固定表达It’s + 数字 + kilometres from...to...,“从……到……有……公里”,贴合考点。 6. 【答案】It takes me 10 minutes to read the weather forecast every day. 【详解】考查固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.,me作宾格,10 minutes“10分钟”,to read the weather forecast“看天气预报”,时态用一般现在时。 7. 【答案】It’s said that it will rain tomorrow. 【详解】考查It’s said that... 句型,it作形式主语,that引导主语从句,从句用一般将来时,贴合天气语境。 8. 【答案】It is the first time that I have seen a snowstorm. 【详解】考查It is the first time that... 句型,从句用现在完成时,have seen“已经看到”,snowstorm“暴风雪”,符合语法要求。 9. 【答案】It has been one year since we started learning about weather. 【详解】考查It has been + 时间段 + since... 句型,one year“一年”,since后面接一般过去时started learning about weather,语法正确。 10. 【答案】It’s dangerous to ride a bike in the heavy rain. 【详解】考查固定句型It’s + adj. + to do sth.,dangerous“危险的”,to ride a bike“骑自行车”,in the heavy rain“在暴雨中”,贴合单元语境。 Part 2 【提升训练】 (拓展延伸,贴合单元考点) 一、同义句转换(5小题,重点考查it相关句型转换) 1. To go out for a walk in the warm weather is nice.(用it作形式主语改写) ___________________________________________________ 2. My father spends 30 minutes watching the weather report every evening.(用it作形式主语改写) ___________________________________________________ 3. It’s important for us to learn how to protect ourselves in a storm.(改为同义句,用不定式作主语) ___________________________________________________ 4. It’s two years since we moved to the city with good weather.(保持句意不变) We have lived in the city with good weather ________ two years. 5. It’s kind of you to help me take the umbrella.(改为同义句) You are kind ________ ________ me take the umbrella. 【答案及解析】 1. 【答案】It’s nice to go out for a walk in the warm weather. 【详解】考查形式主语转换,将不定式短语To go out... 后置,it作形式主语,保持句意不变。 2. 【答案】It takes my father 30 minutes to watch the weather report every evening. 【详解】考查spend与take的转换,spend...doing sth. 改为It takes sb. some time to do sth.,主语my father用宾格my father,watch用原形。 3. 【答案】To learn how to protect ourselves in a storm is important for us. 【详解】考查形式主语与真实主语转换,将it作形式主语改为不定式短语作主语,前置,保持句意不变(注意头重脚轻,此为语法转换练习)。 4. 【答案】for 【详解】考查since句型与for的转换,It has been + 时间段 + since... 可转换为sb. has done sth. for + 时间段,故填for。 5. 【答案】to help 【详解】考查It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 与sb. is adj. to do sth. 的转换,固定搭配be kind to do sth.,故填to help。 二、语法应用(5小题,结合单元主题,综合运用it的用法) 1. 根据天气情况,用it指代天气完成句子: ① It’s ________(下雨)today, so we can’t go for a picnic. ② It’s ________(30度)in summer in my hometown. 2. 用It’s + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 完成句子: ① It’s ________(必要的)for us to know the weather before going out. ② It’s ________(聪明的)of him to take a raincoat with him. 3. 用It takes sb. some time to do sth. 描述你每天查看天气的时间: ___________________________________________________ 4. 用强调结构强调“是我昨天查看了明天的天气”: ___________________________________________________ 5. 用It’s said that... 描述一则天气消息: ___________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 【答案】① raining/rainy ② 30 degrees 【详解】考查it指代天气的用法,下雨可用raining(动名词)或rainy(形容词);温度表达为It’s + 数字 + degrees,固定搭配。 2. 【答案】① necessary ② clever 【详解】考查for/of的区别,necessary形容“了解天气”这件事,用for;clever形容“他”这个人,用of,符合固定句型要求。 3. 【答案】It takes me 5 minutes to check the weather every day.(答案不唯一,符合句型即可) 【详解】考查固定句型,结合自身实际,用It takes sb. some time to do sth. 描述,语法正确即可。 4. 【答案】It was I that checked the weather for tomorrow yesterday. 【详解】考查强调结构,强调主语“我”,用It was + 被强调部分(I) + that + 其他成分,时态用一般过去时。 5. 【答案】It’s said that it will be windy tomorrow.(答案不唯一,贴合天气语境即可) 【详解】考查It’s said that... 句型,从句用一般将来时,描述天气相关消息,语法正确即可。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Weather and our lives单元语法讲与练 ( 单元语法精讲 ) 语法精讲——it的用法 在英语中,it 是使用频率极高的代词。它既可以用作人称代词指代具体事物,也可以用作非人称代词指代自然现象或抽象概念,更常作为形式主语或形式宾语出现在复杂句型中,以避免头重脚轻。此外,它还广泛用于强调结构和固定搭配中。 一、it 作代词(指代功能) 1. 作人称代词 指代前文提到的特定事物、动物或婴儿,避免重复。 · —Where is the cat? (猫在哪儿?) —It is lying under the chair. (它躺在椅子下面。) · He took off his shoe and threw it on the floor. (他脱下鞋子,把它扔在地板上。) 2. 作非人称代词 当所指对象不明确、无需指明性别,或指代时间、天气、距离、环境状况等抽象概念时,常用 it。 (1) 指代身份不明的人 · There is someone knocking at the door. Who is it? (有人敲门,是谁?) · Is it a boy or a girl? (是男孩还是女孩?) (2) 指代时间、日期、季节 · Time: What time is it? It’s half past ten. / It’s late. · Day/Date: What day is it? It’s Thursday. / It’s 16 September. · Season: What season is it? It’s spring now. (3) 指代天气、温度、自然现象 · Weather: It’s raining. / It’s a nice day today. / It rains a lot here. · Temperature: It’s 25 degrees. / It’s warm today. · Environment: It was dull when Mary was away. (玛丽不在,真没劲。) (4) 指代距离、价值、数量 · Distance: How far is it from your home to school? It’s three kilometres. · Value/Price: —How much is that jacket? —It’s $100. · Weight: It weighs 350 pounds. 二、it 作形式主语/形式宾语 为了避免句子“头重脚轻”(即主语或宾语过长),习惯上用 it 占据主语或宾语的位置,而将真正的主语或宾语(不定式、动名词、从句)后置。 1. it 作形式主语 结构:It + be + adj./n. + (for/of sb.) + to do sth. / doing sth. / that-clause (1) 代替不定式短语 (to do) · It is + adj. + to do sth. · It’s dangerous to play with fire. (玩火很危险。) · It’s impossible to travel in the weather balloon. (乘气象气球旅行是不可能的。) · It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. (形容词描述事情的性质,如 easy, hard, important, necessary) · It’s important for us to eat a balanced diet. (均衡饮食对我们很重要。) · It was not easy for him to overcome the difficulty. · It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. (形容词描述人的品质,如 kind, nice, polite, clever, foolish) · It’s nice of you to help me carry the heavy box. (你帮我搬重箱子,真好。) · It is not polite of you to speak with your mouth full. (2) 代替动名词短语 (doing) 主要用于固定表达,如 It is no use/good/fun doing... · It’s no use learning without thinking. (学而不思则罔。) · It’s great fun travelling with so many friends. (3) 代替主语从句 (that-clause / wh-clause) · It is said that Mary is leaving for London tomorrow. (据说玛丽明天要去伦敦。) · It is certain that we shall succeed. (我们一定会成功。) · It seems that you know a lot about this city. (看来你对这座城市很了解。) 2. it 作形式宾语 结构:Subject + find/think/make/feel + it + adj./n. + to do sth. · We found it necessary to plant more trees. (我们发现种树很有必要。) · I think it important to learn English well. 三、it 的固定句型与特殊结构 1. 花费时间与金钱 · It takes sb. some time to do sth. (做某事花费某人多少时间) · It takes her a week to finish reading this book. · It took me 15 minutes to listen to English. · 辨析: · Sb. spends time/money on sth. / (in) doing sth. · Sth. costs sb. money. · Sb. pays money for sth. 2. 时间相关句型 · It is time for sth. / It is time to do sth. (是做……的时候了) · It’s time for class. · It’s time to go to bed. · It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时句子 (自从……以来已经多久了) · It’s been more than ten years since we met one another last time. · It is twenty years since he gave up smoking. · It is/was + the first/second... time + that + 完成时态 · It is the first time that I have seen the film. (现在完成时) · It was the third time that he had been to the museum. (过去完成时) · It was + 时间段 + before... (过了多久才……) · It was three days before he came back. 3. 强调句型 (不做要求) 结构:It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分 · 原句:Li Lei cleaned the classroom yesterday. · 强调主语:It was Li Lei who/that cleaned the classroom yesterday. · 强调时间:It was yesterday that Li Lei cleaned the classroom. · 注意: 若被强调部分是人,可用 who 或 that;若是物、时间、地点状语,只能用 that。 4. 其他常见固定搭配 · Make it: 成功;赶上;做到。 · Can you make it to the party? (你能赶来参加聚会吗?) · Take it easy: 别紧张;放松点。 · Depend on it: 请放心;毫无疑问。 核心用法及详解 用法类别 核心含义/目的 结构特点 典型例句(贴合本单元语境) 1. 作非人称代词(重点) 指代天气、时间、距离、温度、季节等无生命概念,无具体指代对象,仅起语法作用 无明确主语,it置于句首,后接相应谓语(be动词、实义动词) ① It’s sunny today.(天气:今天天气晴朗。)② It’s 25 degrees in summer.(温度:夏天气温25度。)③ It’s three kilometres from school to the park.(距离:从学校到公园有三公里。)④ It’s 7 o’clock now.(时间:现在7点了。) 2. 作人称代词 指代前文已经提到过的人或事物(单数),避免重复 it指代前文出现的单数名词/不可数名词,可作主语、宾语 ① Where is the weather balloon? It is on the desk.(指代weather balloon)② I have a new umbrella. It is blue.(指代umbrella) 3. 作形式主语(重点) 避免句子头重脚轻,代替后面的真实主语(不定式短语、动名词短语、主语从句) It + be动词/实义动词 + 其他成分 + 真实主语(后置) ① It’s important to learn about weather.(真实主语:to learn about weather)② It’s no use worrying about the bad weather.(真实主语:worrying about the bad weather)③ It’s said that it will rain tomorrow.(真实主语:that it will rain tomorrow) 4. 用于强调结构 (较难;此部分不做要求) 强调句子中的主语、宾语或状语(时间、地点等),突出重点 It is/was + 被强调部分 + who/that + 其他成分(指人用who/that,指物用that) ① It is Tom that knows a lot about weather.(强调主语Tom) ② It was yesterday that it rained heavily.(强调状语yesterday) (三)核心固定句型(高频考点) 结合本单元语境,聚焦8类核心句型,明确结构、用法及易错点,便于直接运用和解题: 句型类别 核心结构 含义/用法 典型例句 句型1:表时间/天气/距离等 It + be动词/实义动词 + 相关成分 用于描述天气、时间、距离、温度,it无实际意义 It rains a lot in spring.(春天经常下雨。)It’s 10 kilometres from here to the airport. 句型2:It + v. + to do sth. It takes sb. some time to do sth.(重点)It costs sb. some money to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多少时间/金钱”,it作形式主语 It takes me 10 minutes to check the weather report. 句型3:It + be + adj. + to do sth. It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示“做某事是……的”,形容词描述事情的性质 It’s dangerous to go out in a storm. 句型4:It + be + adj. + for sb. to do sth. It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 形容词形容“事情”,for sb. 表示“对某人来说” It’s easy for us to predict the weather now. 句型5:It + be + adj. + of sb. to do sth. It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth. 形容词形容“人”的品质(如nice, kind等) It’s kind of you to tell me the weather forecast. 句型6:It + be + n. + to do sth. It is + 名词 + to do sth. 表示“做某事是一种……”,名词体现事情的属性 It’s great fun to do the weather experiment. 句型7:It is/has been + 时间段 + since... It is/has been + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时句子 表示“自从……以来已经有多长时间了” It has been two years since we started learning about weather. 句型8:It is the first/second time + that... It is the first time that + 现在完成时It was the first time that + 过去完成时 表示“这是某人第一次做某事”,时态固定 It is the first time that I have seen a snowstorm. 【单元核心语法小结】 it的用法 核心结构/句型 关键提醒 非人称代词(天气/时间/距离等) It + be/实义动词 + 相关成分 不用复数,weather前不加the 形式主语 It + be/动词 + 其他 + 真实主语(to do/doing/从句) 真实主语后置,it无实际意义 固定句型 It takes sb. time to do sth.;It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 区分for/of,牢记时态搭配 强调结构 It is/was + 被强调部分 + who/that... 指物用that,指人可用who ( 语法巩固训练 ) Part 1 【基础训练】 一、单项选择(共10小题,考查全面,贴合单元考点) 1. —________ is the weather in Shanghai today? —________ warm and sunny. A.What; It’s B.How; It’s C.How; It D.What; It 2. It’s polite ________ others when they are in trouble. A.Help B.to help C.Helping D.helps 3. —What’s the time now? —________ half past nine. A.Its B.It’s C.This is D.They are 4. ________ is not easy to predict the weather in winter. A.This B.There C.It D.One 5. It takes ________ 20 minutes ________ to school by bike every morning. A.him; go B.him; to go C.his; to go D.him; going 6. It’s important ________ us to learn how to read the weather map. A.for B.of C.to D.with 7. —How much is that jacket? —________ $100. A.How much; They’re B.How much; It’s C.What color; It’s D.What; They’re 8. ________ seems that you know a lot about different kinds of weather. A.This B.It C.You D.That 9. It’s kind ________ you to tell me the weather forecast for tomorrow. A.for B.of C.with D.to 10. It ________ me 15 minutes to listen to the weather report every evening. A.cost B.spends C.takes D.takes 二、完成句子(共10小题,考查句型转换、连词成句,贴合单元语境) 1. It, the, books, turned out, 600, shelves, that, could, hold (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 2. fun, to, after, in, it’s, the park, walk, lunch (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 3. my family, it’s, to celebrate, fun, the Spring Festival, with (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 4. Urumqi is quite cold and snowy today. (用it作形式主语改写句子) ___________________________________________________ 5. time, manage, It is, to learn, important, how to (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 6. Walking to school is good exercise. (改为同义句,用it作形式主语) _______ _______ good exercise _______ _______ to school. 7. Lily spent ten minutes cleaning her room last night. (保持句意基本不变,用it作形式主语) It ________ Lily ten minutes ________ clean her room last night. 8. it, does, how long, travel to, take, to, the airport(?)(连词成句) ___________________________________________________? 9. half an hour, by car, the airport, it, takes, to get to (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 10. It takes about 15 minutes to drive to Dragon Bay. (对划线部分提问) ___________________________________________________ 三、句子翻译(共10小题,用指定结构,贴合单元语境,语法正确) 1. 今天天气晴朗,适合去公园散步。(用it指代天气) ___________________________________________________ 2. 做天气实验是很有趣的。(用It’s + n. + to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ 3. 对我们来说,预测天气并不容易。(用It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ 4. 你真好,帮我查看明天的天气。(用It’s + adj. + of sb. to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ 5. 从我们学校到市中心大约有五公里。(用it指代距离) ___________________________________________________ 6. 我每天花10分钟看天气预报。(用It takes sb. some time to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ 7. 据说明天会下雨。(用It’s said that...) ___________________________________________________ 8. 这是我第一次看到暴风雪。(用It is the first time that...) ___________________________________________________ 9. 自从我们开始学习天气知识以来,已经有一年了。(用It has been + 时间段 + since...) ___________________________________________________ 10. 在暴雨中骑自行车是很危险的。(用It’s + adj. + to do sth.) ___________________________________________________ Part 2 【提升训练】 (拓展延伸,贴合单元考点) 一、同义句转换(5小题,重点考查it相关句型转换) 1. To go out for a walk in the warm weather is nice.(用it作形式主语改写) ___________________________________________________ 2. My father spends 30 minutes watching the weather report every evening.(用it作形式主语改写) ___________________________________________________ 3. It’s important for us to learn how to protect ourselves in a storm.(改为同义句,用不定式作主语) ___________________________________________________ 4. It’s two years since we moved to the city with good weather.(保持句意不变) We have lived in the city with good weather ________ two years. 5. It’s kind of you to help me take the umbrella.(改为同义句) You are kind ________ ________ me take the umbrella. 二、语法应用(5小题,结合单元主题,综合运用it的用法) 1. 根据天气情况,用it指代天气完成句子: ① It’s ________(下雨)today, so we can’t go for a picnic. ② It’s ________(30度)in summer in my hometown. 2. 用It’s + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 完成句子: ① It’s ________(必要的)for us to know the weather before going out. ② It’s ________(聪明的)of him to take a raincoat with him. 3. 用It takes sb. some time to do sth. 描述你每天查看天气的时间: ___________________________________________________ 4. 用强调结构强调“是我昨天查看了明天的天气”: ___________________________________________________ 5. 用It’s said that... 描述一则天气消息: ___________________________________________________ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

资源预览图

Unit 4 Weather and our lives 单元语法精讲巧练 -六年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练(新教材沪教版五四制)
1
Unit 4 Weather and our lives 单元语法精讲巧练 -六年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练(新教材沪教版五四制)
2
Unit 4 Weather and our lives 单元语法精讲巧练 -六年级英语下册单元整体优化精准练(新教材沪教版五四制)
3
所属专辑
相关资源
示范课
由于学科网是一个信息分享及获取的平台,不确保部分用户上传资料的 来源及知识产权归属。如您发现相关资料侵犯您的合法权益,请联系学科网,我们核实后将及时进行处理。