专题02 阅读理解（说明文）（黑吉辽蒙专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编

专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模） At the foot of Yinhu Mountain in Shenzhen, the Yulong landfill — once the city’s largest waste site — is busy in the early morning. After two decades undisturbed, the Yulong landfill’s 2.55 million cubic meters of waste — a volume large enough to fill 1,000 swimming pools — is now undergoing the nation’s largest excavation (挖掘) and relocation project, with dozens of excavators operating all out. Located near the city center, the landfill long polluted the nearby neighborhoods with terrible smells and dirty groundwater. Meanwhile, the increasing shortage of land resources has forced the city to fundamentally explore new approaches to tackling this waste pile problem. Now, at the site, trucks transport different categories of waste to sorting centers. After sorting, burnable materials of the household waste are transported to the energy ecological park for incineration (焚烧), thus turning waste into resources. In the incineration workshop, waste gas is kept above 850°C for at least two seconds to completely break down dioxins, a harmful byproduct. After many steps of purification, the gas released meets higher standards than those of the EU. The project can deal with 330,000 tons of burnable waste and produce 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity yearly, enough for 26,000 families. Pan Gong, an expert in solid waste research, said China’s waste-to-energy technology is world-leading. Chinese companies now lead the world in technology, cost control, and operational experience. Most equipment and components have been domestically produced, achieving independent control over the entire industry chain from waste collection and incineration to gas treatment. China is also sharing its experiences and technologies with the world. Speaking at the launch ceremony of a Chinese-funded waste-to-energy plant in Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz President Japarov said the factory would help solve waste processing issues while generating electricity and creating jobs. As of May 2025, Chinese companies had been involved in 79 overseas waste-to-energy projects. The “going global” of China’s waste-to-energy industry has become a key component of China’s participation in global environmental governance. 1．What was a problem caused by the Yulong landfill before relocation? A．It occupied too much farming land. B．It led to shortage of natural resources. C．It brought unpleasant smells and pollution. D．It prevented the development of local tourism. 2．Why is the excavated waste from Yulong landfill burned at temperatures above 850°C? A．To break down harmful substances. B．To burn the waste faster. C．To reduce the volume of waste. D．To generate more electricity. 3．What is a feature of Chinese waste-to-energy technology according to Pan? A．It adopts imported guidance. B．It remains under development. C．It targets the domestic market. D．It proves self-sufficient in equipment. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the working principle of a landfill. B．To urge global cooperation on waste processing. C．To compare waste processing technologies at home and abroad. D．To show the advantages and global influence of China’s waste-to-energy technology. Passage 2 （2026·黑龙江·二模） Robots are already better than humans at quite a few tasks. Try to outplay an AI-enabled system at chess or outlast a robot worker operating in rooms filled with radiation, and you’d likely fall short. But even with all that advancement, machines still struggle to complete many seemingly basic tasks, especially those involving delicate hand movements. Something as simple as peeling (剥皮) a banana without breaking it is still considered a challenge for robotic systems, in large part because researchers haven’t figured out how to accurately capture the complexity of human hands. A new wrist wearable may change that. Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showcased a wristband that uses ultrasound (超声波) imaging to constantly monitor the interior of a person’s wrist. It captures continuous ultrasound images showing how the soft tissues inside the wearer’s wrist interact to produce hand gestures. That stream of images is then linked with an AI algorithm (算法) that can interpret the images in real time and send signals to a robotic hand. Using that system, the robotic hand mirrors the wristband wearer’s minute gestures in real time. Volunteers wearing the device could direct the robotic hand to grab tennis balls, make hand signs, and even play notes on a piano. The engineers behind the wristband believe it may be the most advanced tool yet for training robots to use their hands more like humans. The same technique can also be deployed to digital environments, which means future wearers could control a phone screen without ever touching it, or interact with virtual reality in ways that feel more realistic. The team published their findings in the journal Nature Electronics. “We think this work has an immediate impact in potentially replacing hand tracking techniques with wearable ultrasound bands in virtual reality,” the mechanical engineering professor and study co-author Xuanhe Zhao said in a statement. 1．Why does the author mention a robot peeling a banana? A．To stress a major limit of robotics. B．To show robots’ superiority in tasks. C．To indicate a simple task for humans. D．To praise the progress of technology. 2．How does the wristband enable robotic hand control? A．It tracks wrist changes through AI. B．It sends AI orders to train the wearer. C．It uses AI to monitor the robotic hand. D．It turns wrist motions into data for AI. 3．Which best describes the underlined part “deployed to” in paragraph 3? A．Rooted in. B．Removed from. C．Applied to. D．Recognized by. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Digital Environments: The Future of Robotics. B．MIT Engineers: Pioneers in Virtual Reality Tech. C．Robot Workers: Outperforming Humans in Fields. D．Ultrasound Wristband: A Leap in Robotic Hands. Passage 3 （2026·内蒙古赤峰·二模） Plants produce chemicals called alkaloids (生物碱) to protect themselves from threats. People rely on alkaloids for pain relief and other medical treatments. Scientists want to better understand how plants create alkaloids so they can develop medicines faster, at lower cost, and with less harm to the environment. Researchers from the University of York focused on Flueggea suffruticosa, a plant that produces securinine — a powerful type of alkaloid. They uncovered that the key gene responsible for making securinine is similar to genes typically found in bacteria rather than in plants. This finding suggests that plants may have adopted an unusual evolutionary strategy. Instead of relying only on traditional plant chemistry, they appear to reuse molecular (分子的) tools commonly seen in microbes (微生物) to build defensive chemicals. Dr. Benjamin Lichman, the lead researcher, explained why the discovery stood out. “Plants and bacteria are really different forms of life, and so it was a surprise to see that this significant plant chemical was being driven from a bacterial-like gene. We believe plants ‘recycle’ biological tools that are more commonly found in microbes, when they can be useful to them.” Once the researchers recognized this new chemical pathway, they began finding similar genes hidden within the DNA of many other plants. These plant genes could be used to produce valuable chemicals in laboratory settings, which would reduce the need to harvest rare plants. Dr. Lichman noted that alkaloids could be poisonous, so they have to be highly controlled and often modified when used in medicines. He emphasized, “Understanding the process of creating alkaloids can help us develop new methods for producing them in the lab or removing them to make some plants less poisonous. Now that we know how to look for this chemical production, we have new methods to explore for the production and discovery of safe medications.” 1．What is a finding of the researchers about the gene producing securinine? A．It evolves in a regular pattern. B．It is more like bacterial genes. C．It defends plants from bacteria. D．It exists widely in common plants. 2．What can we infer from the discovery in paragraph 3? A．Rare plants contains more alkaloids. B．Plants produce chemicals from microbes. C．Bacterial-like genes may exist in many plants. D．Biological tools are unique to certain microbes. 3．What does the author try to explain by quoting Lichman in the last paragraph? A．The practical value of the research. B．The process of alkaloid production. C．The challenges of lab-made chemicals. D．The complexity of medical exploration. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A popular science magazine. B．A guide on plant identification. C．A textbook for medical students. D．A research paper on microbiology. 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春·二模） Restrictions on vapes (电子烟) are multiplying. Belgium banned sales of throwaway vapes on January 1st. France adopted a similar law on February 24th. Other bans may soon come into force in England, Scotland, Wales and New Zealand. More than 30 countries including Brazil and India have outlawed all vaping products. Are such measures justified? Vaping clearly carries risks. Starting in 2019, America’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to track a new disease known as EVALI (“e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury”). As of February 18th 2020, the CDC had identified 2,807 admissions to hospital for EVALI in America. At least 68 of those patients had died. Swift action arose. Researchers pointed fingers at vitamin E acetate (醋酸酯), a skincare oil that was added to many unlawful masses of vaping liquids as a thickening agent. When vitamin E acetate is heated, highly poisonous gas is produced. Many areas outlawed any addition of vitamin E acetate to vape liquids, and crackdowns on black markets followed. EVALI cases fell greatly; the CDC has not detected a revival. Yet health authorities believe EVALI might also be caused by other substances in vape, including those that are produced legally. In a landmark analysis of four popular vaping liquids published in Chemical Research in Toxicology in 2021, a team at Johns Hopkins University labelled six ingredients as potentially harmful. Earlier studies had found vaping mixtures that used heavy metals such as lead. There are other reasons to be concerned. First, as vaping rose in popularity only in the past dozen or so years, it remains to be seen whether cancer cases could arise. Lab mice have developed cancers after being subjected to vape aerosols (气溶胶). The second is that vape aerosols have been found to damage human tissue, including DNA． 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The health risks of vaping. B．The trend of banning vapes. C．The distribution of vapes sale. D．The measures of promoting vapes. 2．What is the main reason for the global bans on vapes? A．The decline in traditional cigarette sales. B．The high cost of regulating vaping products. C．The environmental issues caused by e-cigarettes. D．The outbreak of EVALI linked to vaping products. 3．What directly resulted from banning vitamin E acetate? A．EVALI cases dropped sharply. B．CDC stopped tracking EVALI. C．More countries banned all vapes. D．Other harmful substances were found. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Vaping is not as popular as before. B．Health risks by vaping may still exist. C．Lab mice are likely to spread diseases. D．Vape aerosols can cure damaged human tissue. Passage 2 （2026·吉林·二模） The ordinary-seeming act of picking up a T-shirt and folding it into a neat square requires a surprisingly complex understanding of how objects move in three dimensions. Our own ease in accomplishing such tasks comes from a learned understanding of how different fabrics will respond when folded, even if we haven’t folded them before, but it’s difficult for robots to apply what they learn to new situations that may differ from their training. As a result, current robots are slow and often perform poorly on even the simplest of folding tasks. A big challenge in teaching robots the skill is the countless ways that various fabrics can crumple (变皱). Think about all the times you’ve thrown a T-shirt into the laundry basket and how it landed in a slightly different-shaped heap each time. It’s simple for people to pick up a shirt and quickly find a sleeve or collar to orient themselves, but every unique way a shirt crumples is a new challenge for robots, which are often trained on images of unwrinkled clothing lying flat on a surface, with all features visible. “It’s not the fabric itself that is the challenge. It’s the number of variations that can be created by the way fabric can be crumpled,” says David Held, a robotics researcher. Once they have been trained on a fabric’s properties, many robotic systems use a folding strategy called “pick and place”, where the robot uses computer vision technology to identify a specific point on a shirt like the left sleeve, then pick up that point and place it down at a different specified point like the right sleeve. In these models, the origin, destination and trajectory (轨迹) of the movement are predetermined based on assumed properties of the fabric, such as stretch and weight. Though it may sound straightforward, the approach limits the ability of robots to adapt to real-time changes in the environment — such as a pair of pants being far heavier than expected, or a button getting in the way. If such complications arise, the system can’t change its trajectory to complete a fold correctly. 1．Why do robots perform poorly in folding tasks? A．They struggle to apply learning. B．They fail to know the fabric. C．They lack the relevant training. D．They can’t observe new situations. 2．What makes robots’ learning to fold clothes difficult? A．The ways that people pick up their T-shirts. B．Countless fabric variations from crumpling. C．Very few images about unwrinkled clothing. D．Different assumed properties of the fabric. 3．What can we know about the strategy called “pick and place”? A．It is highly effective. B．It can adapt to changes. C．It ignores fabric’s weight. D．It has certain shortcomings. 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．Robot’s Big Challenge: Folding Clothes B．Pick and Place: A Common Robot Strategy C．Humans’ Natural Ability to Fold Clothes D．The Endless Possibilities of Home Robots Passage 3 （2026·辽宁鞍山·二模） As a youth mental health crisis persists in the US, a new report highlights a significant gap between the level of support that teenagers feel and the amount that parents think their children have. Only about a quarter of teens said they always get the social and emotional support they need, but parents were nearly three times more likely to think they did. The findings are based on nationally representative surveys of nearly 1,200 children aged 12 to 17 and their parents. The study authors note that the presence of an interviewer may have biased parents to respond more favorably. There also may be a disconnect between the support parents think they’re offering and the type that their teenage children are seeking. A parent’s first instinct is often to provide advice or guidance, while teens tend to want empathy and reassurance. The new report shows that teens who did not feel that they always or usually had the support they needed were significantly more likely to report a number of poor health effects than those who did feel supported. Depression and anxiety were nearly three times more common among teenagers who did not feel emotionally supported than among those who did; nearly a third of those who did not feel supported reported symptoms like poor sleep, poor health or low life satisfaction. Experts say it’s important for adults to make intentional time to connect with teenagers in their life. This is especially true in the age of technology and social media. “Often, supporting teenagers is as simple as being curious about what they bring our way and then offering empathy,” Damour said. “Take comfort in the knowledge that helping a teenager feel heard and understood is overwhelmingly the most useful and therapeutic thing an adult can do.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By providing statistics. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting an expert. D．By explaining a concept. 2．Why does the gap on support exist between parents and teenagers? A．They both have a strong bias. B．They define support in different ways. C．They both have high expectations. D．They avoid communication with each other. 3．What can we learn about the findings? A．Teens feeling supported are healthier. B．Parents usually ignore teens’ mental health. C．Emotional support makes no sense to teens’ health. D．A third of the teens experience low life satisfaction. 4．What does Damour suggest parents do to narrow the gap? A．Offer timely medical treatment. B．Fix time to lecture teens. C．Be a good listener with curiosity. D．Meet teens’ physical needs. 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·辽宁朝阳·二模） Lately, massive levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been making much of our world too warm. Some engineers look to clear up what’s already there. Arup SenGupta is one of them. SenGupta’s team recently invented a system that works like a water filter (过滤器). But instead of removing pollution from water, it traps CO2 when air flows through the filter, with other gases passing through. A currently available air-filtering technology is described as “direct air capture (DAC)” which can filter CO2, from coal-fired power plants. Twenty-seven DAC plants have been launched worldwide, only capturing a small share of the CO2 in the air. “Direct capture is a way,” Sengupta says, “But the technology is not there yet to be able to address the problem extensively.” He thinks his group’s new tech could in theory help. It’s not just for power plants. “You could go to the Himalayas and trap CO2.” The testing process began by blowing air through the filter. This process transforms the trapped CO2 into a chemical called sodium bicarbonate which is the same stuff as baking soda. When the filter was full, the team “reset” it by pouring ocean water through it. The captured CO2 is released into the ocean as sodium bicarbonate. Then, the filter is “new” again. However, lab tests don’t always guarantee success in the real world. The new approach may not be well acknowledged as it requires large amounts of additional chemicals to work. Trapping one ton of CO2, for example, requires tons of certain corrosive compounds (腐蚀性化合物). Additionally, the reaction generates a byproduct, which could be repurposed for industrial uses, but it requires proper storage to be safe for those applications. Lebling, at World Resources Institute, says the ocean is a potential option for storing carbon safely, in part for its vastness. “Meanwhile,” she adds, “it presents a host of unknowns.” Some have to do with how efficiently the sea can hold carbon. Others relate to possible ecological impacts. “Before these approaches can be safely used,” she says, “scientists need to know how storing carbon in the ocean will affect the environment.” 1．What is the primary function of Arup SenGupta’s invention? A．Monitoring the air quality. B．Cleaning up the air pollutants. C．Storing carbon dioxide underground. D．Removing carbon dioxide from the air. 2．Why do the researchers expose the filter to ocean water? A．To cool down the filter after use. B．To refresh the filter for further use. C．To enhance the chemical reaction process. D．To increase the filter’s CO2 capture efficiency. 3．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 5? A．The complexity of doing the lab tests. B．Difficulties in the practical application of the new tech. C．Safety measures required for handling additional chemicals. D．Huge market potential for the byproduct of the reaction. 4．What is Lebling’s attitude to the real application of SenGupta’s filter? A．Prejudiced. B．Optimistic. C．Cautious. D．Disappointed. Passage 2 （2026·黑龙江·二模） It’s not unusual for snow to fall in winter. During the cold weather months, some folks like to share recipes for how to make snow ice cream and other treats that use fresh powder as a base, adding milk, sugar, and toppings. Obviously, no one is recommending anyone scoop up a bowlful of snow idling on the side of the road, full of salt, muck (淤泥), and other unpleasantness. But it does beg the question: Is any snow actually safe to consume? While you may assume snow that’s freshly fallen and collected in an undisturbed area — even a cup set out for that purpose — is free of any contaminants (污染物), don’t be so sure. According to meteorologist Mary Scarzello Fairbanks, snow isn’t all that clean. It’s formed when water droplets freeze around some dust or debris in the air, forming an ice crystal that continues to collect water vapor and form a snowflake. When it falls, it will also collect things hanging in the air, including dirt and even bacterial particles. Depending on the region, snow could also contain mercury (水银) or pesticides. If it’s windy, snow could even mix with dirt kicked up from the soil before settling. A 2015 study published in the journal Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts even demonstrated how snow could mix with gas exhaust. This all means that, theoretically, your snow ice cream could have some pretty disgusting “toppings”. At the same time, there doesn’t seem to be a surge of reports of illnesses related to snow consumption. Assuming you don’t consume a huge quantity of it, it’s unlikely that whatever contaminants might be in the snow will be present in large enough amounts to cause problems. While no one is technically advocating for snow ingestion here, just a small bite will probably be fine. Eating snow in an emergency is another matter. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns against snow snacking for people like hikers, because it can lower one’s body temperature. In cases where there is a water supply issue, the CDC says it’s safe to take collected snow and boil it to kill off any bacteria. 1．What is the correct order of snow formation? ① Ice crystals are formed. ② Water and vapor are collected. ③ A snowflake comes into being. ④ Water droplets freeze in the air. A．②④①③ B．④①②③ C．②①④③ D．④①③② 2．What is the function of paragraph 4? A．To introduce a new concept. B．To offer a detailed explanation. C．To pave the way for what follows. D．To back up a previous statement. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Under no circumstances does the CDC advise eating snow. B．Boiling snow can eliminate all risks associated with eating it. C．Eating snow after it is boiled can lower one’s body temperature. D．Consuming a small quantity of snow is unlikely to cause severe diseases. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Hidden Dangers of Snow Ice Cream B．How to Safely Consume Snow in Emergencies C．Is Snow Safe to Eat? What You Need to Know D．From Cloud to Table: The Journey of a Snowflake 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模） Locust swarms (蝗虫群) can cover hundreds of square miles, and the insects consume vast amounts of vegetation, threatening global agriculture. In a study, scientists identified a surprisingly simple strategy: using a nitrogen fertilizer-based (NFB, 基于氮肥的) method to help control the pests. Nitrogen is the main building block of proteins. In Senegal, the potential new solution lies in intervening in how locusts sustain their swarming behavior. A high-carbohydrate diet is the key to locust swarming, as locusts rely on it to build up fat reserves that fuel population growth and long-distance migration. In contrast, high-protein, low-carb (碳水化合物) crops are far less appealing to the species, so planting such crops could help prevent swarming. In field tests, crop plots treated with nitrogen-based fertilizer produced high-protein, low-carb crops. Over several months, in central Senegal, scientists worked with 100 farmers from two villages. Each farmer grew a grain called millet in two plots: one treated with commercial nitrogen fertilizer and the other untreated. The scientists then surveyed the fields for pest populations and crop damage three times throughout the growing season. They found that the fertilizer treatment significantly decreased pest populations and crop damage, while increasing millet yield. Daniel Gebregiorgis, a climate scientist at the Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, says that while the method for locust management is a promising solution, its widespread use may be challenging because outbreaks often occur in remote areas. Many locust management strategies also face difficulties with widespread application in places with limited connectivity. Daniel emphasizes that this new research is particularly significant since human-caused climate change is driving an increase in locust outbreaks. Because of global warming, many regions receive above-average rainfall. Coupled with rising temperatures and wetter soil, conditions for locust reproduction are increasingly met. Increasing storm activity makes this climate shift the key factor behind locust outbreaks. Human activities like overplanting also contribute to locust swarms. These actions damage land and worsen soil quality, producing low-nitrogen soil that supports carb-rich plants — plants that help locusts grow and support long-distance swarms. 1．How did scientists control locusts? A．By changing their food supply. B．By providing them with more protein. C．By reducing their protein intake. D．By raising their carb consumption. 2．What is the function of paragraph 4? A．To introduce the farming process. B．To prove the method’s efficiency. C．To compare different crop yields. D．To describe farmers’ cooperation. 3．What is Daniel’s attitude to the wide adoption of the NFB method? A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Unclear. D．Uncertain. 4．What does the author think locust outbreaks reflect? A．The harm of overplanting to soil. B．The overuse of chemical fertilizers. C．The current severe climate crisis. D．The long history of human activities. Passage 2 （2026·内蒙古赤峰·二模） “Memory editing” sounds dark, bringing to mind threatening visions of erased histories or implanted lies. But in the lab, the reality is gentler and far more hopeful. The discovery of the ability to edit memory itself is teaching us how to heal the brain from within, including how to weaken wounding recollections, strengthen declining ones and rebalance emotions our memories carry. Over the past decade, this work has revealed three principles. First, memories are malleable (可塑的) when being stored, recalled and restored. Second, they are distributed across the brain rather than in one region. Third, they can be artificially imprinted into the brain. Each principle reframes what “memory editing” really means. When we form a memory, brain cells fire together and strengthen connections. That process can be enhanced or weakened with different patterns of stimulation. Drugs, hormones or even a bit of sugar can enhance the brain’s ability to stabilise new experiences. The same idea works in reverse. Overstimulate memory pathways, and a memory’s strength declines; block the molecules (分子) that strengthen connections, and it weakens more. Because memories are spread across the brain, they are also remarkably resilient. Damage to one region rarely deletes an entire experience. Instead, the brain can reroute access through alternate pathways and call upon multiple “drafts” of the memory. This backup system offers hope for treating Alzheimer’s: if we can strengthen undamaged routes to a memory, we may repair pieces of identity once thought lost. Memory editing, then, isn’t about rewriting who we are — it is about giving the brain new paths back to itself. While the idea raises ethical concerns as every major medical advance once did, the goal of our work is to reduce suffering and thereby improve our collective well-being: to help an ex-soldier loosen his hold on a flashback or someone with Alzheimer’s hold on to loved ones’ names. Learning to reshape memory responsibly helps us heal, and the brain already edits memories every time we revisit them. Science today is simply learning the rules. 1．What can we learn about memory editing from Paragraph 1? A．It erases unwanted histories and lies. B．It offers potential for brain healing. C．It facilitates painful recollection. D．It controls emotional memories. 2．What can enhance a memory’s strength? A．Blocking the molecules that stabilise memories. B．Reducing the stimulation to brain regions. C．Reinforcing the links between brain cells. D．Shortening the time of brain cells firing. 3．The underlined word “resilient” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “______”. A．hard to awaken B．limited in function C．flexible in structure D．not easily destroyed 4．What is the author’s attitude towards memory editing research? A．Unconcerned. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable. Passage 3 （2026·辽宁·二模） In a world first, a monkey with a kidney transplant from a genetically modified pig has been living healthily for over two years, marking a significant milestone for xenotransplantation (异种器官移植). This breakthrough offers a glimmer of hope to the hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide waiting for organ transplants. The key to this success lies in precise gene editing. The pig used for the transplant was provided by eGenesis, a biotech company. Scientists used the CRISPR-Cas9 tool to make 69 precise genetic modifications. They “knocked out” three genes responsible for producing sugars on pig cell surfaces that would trigger an immediate attack by the human immune system. They also added seven human genes to improve the coexistence of the pig organ with human blood and to prevent dangerous blood clots (血块). Beyond the genetic modifications, the recipient pig was given a combination of standard immunosuppressive drugs (免疫抑制药物), similar to those used in human transplants, to further prevent organ rejection. The fact that the monkey has survived with a fully functioning kidney for over two years is a massive step forward. Previous attempts at cross-species transplants often failed within weeks or months due to severe immune responses. While this is a huge success, experts caution that there are still hurdles before this becomes a common medical practice. The long-term effects of such transplants need further study, and there are ethical considerations surrounding the use of animals for this purpose. However, this achievement undeniably brings the dream of an unlimited supply of organs for transplantation closer to reality, potentially saving millions of lives in the future. 1．What is the main significance of the experiment mentioned? A．It proves pigs are ideal organ donors. B．It solves the problem of organ rejection completely. C．It shows CRISPR-Cas9 is the only way to edit genes. D．It marks a major advance in cross-species organ transplantation. 2．How did scientists prevent the pig kidney from being attacked? A．By using a kidney from a newborn pig. B．By using stronger immunosuppressive drugs only. C．By raising the pig in a special germ-free environment. D．By removing parts of pig genes and adding some human genes. 3．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Steps. B．Benefits. C．Changes. D．Challenges. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of xenotransplantation? A．Cautiously optimistic. B．Highly doubtful. C．Totally indifferent. D．Entirely negative. Passage 4 （2026·辽宁鞍山·二模） No longer something off in the distance, the new technology is all over our screens. AI has arrived in tangible ways, big and small. Here are a few examples of how AI connects with pop culture. A new band called Velvet Sundown gained popularity, drawing over one million plays in just a few weeks. It has been revealed that the band isn’t a band after all, but a synthetic (合成的) music project guided by human creative direction, and composed, voiced, and visualized with the support of artificial intelligence. An AI-generated musician called Solomon Ray leads the iTunes top 100 pop albums chart. Should classics remain untouched and endure as artifacts (人工制品) of the time during which they were created? Or should new technology be embraced as a way to make these classics relevant to new generations? Those questions are at the center of “The Wizard of Oz”. Sphere Entertainment Company spent an estimated $80 million to modernize the 1939 musical, teaming up with Google to make the movie large enough to fit a screen. Building up a loyal podcast (播客) audience was traditionally a byproduct of familiarity between the host and listeners. The same technology behind popular chatbots can now cut some of the busy work down for podcasters. “The thing you’re listening for is a window into someone else’s consciousness. That is the whole ballgame. Some leading podcasters have tried it out and then decided to drop it, and the big podcast publishers are also shying away from it.” Lees said. Tilly Norwood, a realistic-appearing AI generated actress, has sparked concern in Hollywood over job replacement. James Cameron said, “I just want to point out we don’t use it on the ‘Avatar’ films. We honor and celebrate actors. We don’t replace actors. I think Hollywood will be self-policing on that.” 1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 2? A．Living artists fill up social-media feeds. B．AI-generated musicians find success. C．The band earns good money from plays. D．The revelation of the band disappoints people. 2．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning “The Wizard of Oz”? A．Classics should welcome AI. B．The movie is outdated. C．The film adaptation is costly. D．Google is a reliable AI partner. 3．What can be inferred about Lees’ attitude to AI-supported podcasts? A．Dismissive. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Disapproving. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．AI Is at the Fingertips B．AI Creates Concerns C．AI Affects Pop Culture D．Policies on AI Are on the Way 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春·二模） What does it take to become the best at something? The answer may not lie in early childhood excellence or in lifelong dedication. Instead, the path to becoming exceptional at a skill might involve a lot more. That’s according to recent research published in Science that seeks to reveal what it takes to do extremely well in different performance areas, from sports to chess to classical music. Somewhat contrary to common sense, the study authors learned, people who showed the greatest promise in their field as children rarely went on to reach the peak of their field as adults. The findings challenge the “10,000-hour rule”, the idea that if someone spends 10,000 hours deliberately practicing a skill, they will master it, says Purdue University psychologist Brooke Macnamara, who co-authored the analysis. The rule, which was popularized in Malcolm Gladwell’s 2008 book Outliers, is based on a 1993 study of top-performing violin students. These students had each accumulated an average of 10,000 hours of practice by age 20. Yet they were not world-class performers, Macnamara points out. “Compared with their national-class fellows who are very good but not the best, world-class performers often started their field later,” Macnamara explains. These people tend to take part in multiple activities early on and don’t shine in one thing at a particularly young age. “They accumulate less practice in their field and more practice in other fields and then rise to the top relatively late,” she says. The researchers highlight that the findings aren’t suggesting people don’t need to practice or put in effort to become the cream of the crop. Instead they show that top adult performers tend to be “late bloomers”, Macnamara says. Boston University researcher Edson Filho, uninvolved in the study, notes that athletes in certain sports, such as gymnastics, hit peak performance far earlier in life than others. And this analysis, he adds, doesn’t get into other factors such as money and coaching that can influence who becomes the cream of the crop. 1．What do we know about the recent research? A．It corresponds with what is widely believed. B．It explores the length of becoming an expert. C．It highlights the natural talent in later success. D．It shows young talents seldom become top-ranked. 2．What sets world-class performers apart from national-class ones? A．Early entry to a certain field. B．Former cross-field experience. C．Enough practice accumulation. D．Signs of childhood excellence. 3．What does the underlined words “the cream of the crop” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A person of green diet. B．A person of average level. C．A person of outstanding ability. D．A person of self-taught experience. 4．What is Edson Filho’s attitude towards the research findings? A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Unclear. D．Neutral. Passage 2 （2026·辽宁名校联盟·二模） You’re sitting in a café, and the person next to you is having a loud, animated conversation on their phone. You’re trying to read, but your brain keeps getting pulled into their story. This is a common experience, but have you ever wondered why overhearing a monologue (独白) is so compelling? According to new research published in the journal Psychological Science, the reason is rooted in our brain’s powerful ability to predict. When we listen to one half of a conversation, our brains automatically work overtime to construct the missing half. This process, known as “mentalizing” or theory of mind, is the act of imagining the mental state of another person — what they are thinking, feeling, and what their responses might be. In a series of experiments, researchers played participants audio clips of either monologues (one person telling a story) or halfalogue (one side of a phone conversation). They found that participants’ brains showed significantly more activities in the regions associated with social reasoning when listening to the halfalogues. The brain was actively trying to fill in the gaps, predicting what the unheard speaker was saying. This mental effort is what makes us feel so drawn in. We’re not just hearing sound; we’re building a narrative. This discovery has interesting implications. It explains why we find it harder to concentrate in an open-plan office when we can hear some parts of phone calls than when we hear two people talking face-to-face. The brain is occupied by the need to complete the puzzle. It also sheds light on why texting or messaging, which lacks tone of voice, can sometimes lead to misunderstandings. Our brain fills in the missing emotional cues, and often it fills them in incorrectly, projecting our own anxieties or expectations onto the texter. So, the next time you’re annoyed by a loud talker on the bus, you can blame your own incredibly social brain. It’s not just being nosy (好管闲事的); it’s hard at work, trying to make sense of an incomplete world. 1．What does the research reveal about hearing one side of a phone call? A．It is less distracting than a full conversation. B．It activates the brain’s social reasoning centers. C．It is processed as meaningless background noise. D．It improves our ability to focus on our own tasks. 2．Why might text messages lead to misunderstandings according to the passage? A．People often type too quickly. B．People prefer talking on the phone to texting. C．The brain invents missing emotional information. D．Texting lacks the structure of a real conversation. 3．How does the author explain the research finding in paragraph 4? A．By providing examples of its real-world effects. B．By comparing it to previous scientific theories. C．By listing statistical data from the experiments. D．By describing the details of the research process. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．How to Improve Your Concentration B．The Damaging Effects of Smartphones C．Why We Are Drawn to Phone Conversations D．The Difference Between Monologue and Dialogue 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·哈师大附中吉林长春·二模） DeepSeek, a large language model developed in China, is a landmark in AI development. Unlike earlier AI models, DeepSeek is both high-performing and accessible. Its open-source model has created new opportunities across sectors (行业), including in governance. Work that once took civil servants days to complete can now be done in a matter of minutes. This leap in productivity has not only increased efficiency, it has also reduced operational costs and enhanced openness. For example, in Shenzhen, 70 AI-powered “civil servants” have been employed in different government departments to assist with tasks such as drafting official documents and responding to public inquiries. In the U.S., a group of technicians and engineers discovered an evident flaw in welfare records: a 300-year-old was still receiving benefits. As AI becomes increasingly intelligent, does it mean we no longer need flesh-and-blood civil servants? Not quite. While AI will undoubtedly reduce the size of the public workforce, humans will continue to play crucial roles — as supervisors, ethical stewards and final deciders in complex decisions. Although AI can monitor, analyze and optimize (优化) public spending in real time, official committees will be needed to ensure that algorithmic (算法) decisions remain in line with ethical standards and do not disadvantage weak populations. To safeguard public interest, governments must establish ethics committees to inspect AI systems, revise regulatory frameworks, and ensure openness. But no revolution comes without chaos. As AI assumes many traditional civil service roles, mass job displacement could cause deep social anxiety. Questions, such as “Am I still useful if a machine can do my job?”, will become increasingly common. Governments must be prepared to ease this social fallout by investing in mental health services, job retraining programs and welfare support. In sum, AI in government is not just a matter of automation; it’s about revolutionizing governance itself. If done right, an AI-powered state can more fairly and quickly fulfill citizens’ needs. But to get there, we need to strike a balance between efficiency and ethics, innovation and inclusion. 1．Why does the author mention two examples in paragraph 2? A．To show AI’s wide application. B．To demonstrate AI’s existence. C．To highlight traditional problems. D．To prove AI’s role in civil service. 2．What role will humans play in the use of AI in the public sector? A．Developing new AI technologies. B．Replacing most public workforce jobs. C．Supervising and ensuring ethical standards. D．Designing algorithms for real-time optimization. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards AI replacing human civil servants? A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Pessimistic. D．Optimistic. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Importance of AI in Modern Government B．How will AI Replace Humans in Government? C．Can AI Replace Civil Servants in Government? D．The Role of Human Management in Government. Passage 2 （2026·吉林省G35联合体·二模） At a recent round-table discussion hosted by The World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD), leading innovators in carbon reduction technology discussed the practical implementation (执行) needed to put the revised framework into practice and achieve the goal set in the Paris Agreement to limit global warming. The discussion was hosted by Peter Bakker, President and Chief Executive Officer of WBCSD, who began by setting the bar in terms of the important role businesses have to play. “Businesses have a critical role to play as a source of investments and as a driver of technological development and innovation, not to mention as an engine for economic growth and employment,” said Mr. Bakker. “We must continue to work together to seize this opportunity to scale up the implementation of the Paris Agreement and accelerate the transition to the low-carbon economy.” However, there comes a point where innovations need to migrate off the drawing board and start to bring change — a point which Mr. Bakker is acutely aware of. “Of course, realizing the goals will by no means be easy,” he said. “The goals represent an ambitious agenda which in many cases will require a complete system overhaul.” Such a change takes commitment on an individual business level, but industry-wide regulations and close partnership were highlighted as key drivers by many of those at the discussion. Alongside their work with businesses, the round-table discussion also highlighted the importance of keeping climate change in the public eye and ensuring that the transition to the low-carbon economy is inclusive. Climate change is so important to all our futures that truly long-term sustainable change requires a complete cultural shift in the way nations think about consuming energy and resources, and about the impact this has on people and communities. While policy makers can assert a certain degree of influence from one direction, businesses also have a responsibility to ensure their employees and communities are prepared to meet the opportunities of the low-carbon world. For many businesses, this means re-training, re-skilling and redeployment in order to safely manage the transition for their workers. 1．What role should businesses play according to Mr. Bakker? A．Policy makers. B．Cultural innovators. C．Green advocates. D．Resource developers. 2．Which word can explain the underlined word “overhaul” in paragraph 3? A．Explanation. B．Reform. C．Standard. D．Analysis. 3．What did many attendees of the discussion consider important? A．Investment. B．Cooperation. C．Investigation. D．Employment. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Technology can ensure a smooth transition. B．The government should lead retraining programs. C．Businesses have reduced the impacts of climate change. D．Employees’ livelihood matters in addressing climate change. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解 说明文 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模） At the foot of Yinhu Mountain in Shenzhen, the Yulong landfill — once the city’s largest waste site — is busy in the early morning. After two decades undisturbed, the Yulong landfill’s 2.55 million cubic meters of waste — a volume large enough to fill 1,000 swimming pools — is now undergoing the nation’s largest excavation (挖掘) and relocation project, with dozens of excavators operating all out. Located near the city center, the landfill long polluted the nearby neighborhoods with terrible smells and dirty groundwater. Meanwhile, the increasing shortage of land resources has forced the city to fundamentally explore new approaches to tackling this waste pile problem. Now, at the site, trucks transport different categories of waste to sorting centers. After sorting, burnable materials of the household waste are transported to the energy ecological park for incineration (焚烧), thus turning waste into resources. In the incineration workshop, waste gas is kept above 850°C for at least two seconds to completely break down dioxins, a harmful byproduct. After many steps of purification, the gas released meets higher standards than those of the EU. The project can deal with 330,000 tons of burnable waste and produce 100 million kilowatt-hours of electricity yearly, enough for 26,000 families. Pan Gong, an expert in solid waste research, said China’s waste-to-energy technology is world-leading. Chinese companies now lead the world in technology, cost control, and operational experience. Most equipment and components have been domestically produced, achieving independent control over the entire industry chain from waste collection and incineration to gas treatment. China is also sharing its experiences and technologies with the world. Speaking at the launch ceremony of a Chinese-funded waste-to-energy plant in Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz President Japarov said the factory would help solve waste processing issues while generating electricity and creating jobs. As of May 2025, Chinese companies had been involved in 79 overseas waste-to-energy projects. The “going global” of China’s waste-to-energy industry has become a key component of China’s participation in global environmental governance. 1．What was a problem caused by the Yulong landfill before relocation? A．It occupied too much farming land. B．It led to shortage of natural resources. C．It brought unpleasant smells and pollution. D．It prevented the development of local tourism. 2．Why is the excavated waste from Yulong landfill burned at temperatures above 850°C? A．To break down harmful substances. B．To burn the waste faster. C．To reduce the volume of waste. D．To generate more electricity. 3．What is a feature of Chinese waste-to-energy technology according to Pan? A．It adopts imported guidance. B．It remains under development. C．It targets the domestic market. D．It proves self-sufficient in equipment. 4．What is the main purpose of the text? A．To explain the working principle of a landfill. B．To urge global cooperation on waste processing. C．To compare waste processing technologies at home and abroad. D．To show the advantages and global influence of China’s waste-to-energy technology. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文为一篇新闻报道，文章以深圳玉龙填埋场垃圾处理项目为例，介绍中国领先的垃圾发电技术及其出海参与全球环境治理的实践。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Located near the city center, the landfill long polluted the nearby neighborhoods with terrible smells and dirty groundwater. Meanwhile, the increasing shortage of land resources has forced the city to fundamentally explore new approaches to tackling this waste pile problem. (该垃圾填埋场位于市中心附近，长期以来一直向周边社区排放恶臭气体和污染地下水。与此同时，土地资源日益短缺迫使这座城市不得不从根本上探索新的方法来解决这一垃圾堆积问题。)”可知，玉龙垃圾填埋场在重新搬移前带来了难闻的气味和污染。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“In the incineration workshop, waste gas is kept above 850°C for at least two seconds to completely break down dioxins, a harmful byproduct. (在焚烧车间，废气的温度需保持在850摄氏度以上，并持续至少两秒，以彻底分解二噁英这种有害的副产品。)”可知，废弃物要在超过850摄氏度的高温下进行焚烧处理是为了分解有害物质。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“Pan Gong, an expert in solid waste research, said China’s waste-to-energy technology is world-leading. Chinese companies now lead the world in technology, cost control, and operational experience. Most equipment and components have been domestically produced, achieving independent control over the entire industry chain from waste collection and incineration to gas treatment. (Pan Gong，一位固体废弃物研究领域的专家表示，中国的废弃物转化为能源的技术处于世界领先地位。如今，中国的企业在技术、成本控制以及运营经验方面均处于世界领先水平。大部分设备和零部件均为国产，实现了从废弃物收集、焚烧到气体处理的整个产业链的自主掌控。)”可知，Pan Gong认为中国垃圾能源化技术表明其在设备方面是能够自给自足的。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据全文内容及最后一段“China is also sharing its experiences and technologies with the world. Speaking at the launch ceremony of a Chinese-funded waste-to-energy plant in Kyrgyzstan, Kyrgyz President Japarov said the factory would help solve waste processing issues while generating electricity and creating jobs. As of May 2025, Chinese companies had been involved in 79 overseas waste-to-energy projects. The “going global” of China’s waste-to-energy industry has become a key component of China’s participation in global environmental governance. (中国也在与世界分享其经验和技术。在吉尔吉斯斯坦一家由中国投资的垃圾发电厂的启动仪式上，吉尔吉斯斯坦总统贾帕罗夫表示，该工厂将有助于解决垃圾处理问题，同时发电并创造就业机会。截至2025年5月，中国企业在海外参与了 79 个垃圾发电项目。中国垃圾发电产业的“走向全球”已成为中国参与全球环境治理的一个关键组成部分。)”可知，本文主要展示中国垃圾转化为能源技术的优势及其在全球范围内的影响力。故选D。 Passage 2 （2026·黑龙江·二模） Robots are already better than humans at quite a few tasks. Try to outplay an AI-enabled system at chess or outlast a robot worker operating in rooms filled with radiation, and you’d likely fall short. But even with all that advancement, machines still struggle to complete many seemingly basic tasks, especially those involving delicate hand movements. Something as simple as peeling (剥皮) a banana without breaking it is still considered a challenge for robotic systems, in large part because researchers haven’t figured out how to accurately capture the complexity of human hands. A new wrist wearable may change that. Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showcased a wristband that uses ultrasound (超声波) imaging to constantly monitor the interior of a person’s wrist. It captures continuous ultrasound images showing how the soft tissues inside the wearer’s wrist interact to produce hand gestures. That stream of images is then linked with an AI algorithm (算法) that can interpret the images in real time and send signals to a robotic hand. Using that system, the robotic hand mirrors the wristband wearer’s minute gestures in real time. Volunteers wearing the device could direct the robotic hand to grab tennis balls, make hand signs, and even play notes on a piano. The engineers behind the wristband believe it may be the most advanced tool yet for training robots to use their hands more like humans. The same technique can also be deployed to digital environments, which means future wearers could control a phone screen without ever touching it, or interact with virtual reality in ways that feel more realistic. The team published their findings in the journal Nature Electronics. “We think this work has an immediate impact in potentially replacing hand tracking techniques with wearable ultrasound bands in virtual reality,” the mechanical engineering professor and study co-author Xuanhe Zhao said in a statement. 1．Why does the author mention a robot peeling a banana? A．To stress a major limit of robotics. B．To show robots’ superiority in tasks. C．To indicate a simple task for humans. D．To praise the progress of technology. 2．How does the wristband enable robotic hand control? A．It tracks wrist changes through AI. B．It sends AI orders to train the wearer. C．It uses AI to monitor the robotic hand. D．It turns wrist motions into data for AI. 3．Which best describes the underlined part “deployed to” in paragraph 3? A．Rooted in. B．Removed from. C．Applied to. D．Recognized by. 4．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Digital Environments: The Future of Robotics. B．MIT Engineers: Pioneers in Virtual Reality Tech. C．Robot Workers: Outperforming Humans in Fields. D．Ultrasound Wristband: A Leap in Robotic Hands. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了机器人精细手部动作存在短板，麻省理工学院研发的超声波腕带可捕捉手腕动作，让机械手实时复刻人类手势，还能应用于数字环境。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“But even with all that advancement, machines still struggle to complete many seemingly basic tasks, especially those involving delicate hand movements. Something as simple as peeling (剥皮) a banana without breaking it is still considered a challenge for robotic systems, in large part because researchers haven’t figured out how to accurately capture the complexity of human hands.(即便有了如此多的进步，机器在完成许多看似简单的任务时仍会遇到困难，尤其是那些涉及精细手部动作的任务。比如，像剥香蕉而不将其弄破这样的简单动作，对于机器人系统来说仍被视为一项挑战，很大程度上是因为研究人员尚未弄清楚如何准确捕捉人类手部的复杂性。)”可知，作者用“机器人完整剥香蕉仍很困难”这个例子，是为了承接前文观点：尽管机器人技术进步巨大，但精细手部动作仍是其核心短板，也就是强调机器人学的一大主要局限。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showcased a wristband that uses ultrasound (超声波) imaging to constantly monitor the interior of a person’s wrist. It captures continuous ultrasound images showing how the soft tissues inside the wearer’s wrist interact to produce hand gestures. That stream of images is then linked with an AI algorithm (算法) that can interpret the images in real time and send signals to a robotic hand.( 最近，麻省理工学院（MIT）的一组工程师展示了一款手腕带，它利用超声成像技术持续监测佩戴者手腕内部的情况。它能捕捉到连续的超声图像，这些图像显示了佩戴者手腕内部的软组织如何相互作用以产生手势。然后，这些图像与一个能够实时解读图像并发送信号给机器人手的 AI 算法相连接。)”可知，这款腕带将手腕的动作转化为供人工智能处理的数据来实现对机械手的控制。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线短语句中“The same technique can also be … digital environments, which means future wearers could control a phone screen without ever touching it, or interact with virtual reality in ways that feel more realistic.( 同样的技术还可以……数字环境，这意味着未来的使用者无需触碰手机屏幕就能控制屏幕，或者以更逼真的方式与虚拟现实进行互动。)”由此可知，这项技术同样可以应用于数字环境。deployed to在此处表示“应用、部署”，与C选项applied to“应用于”同义。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第二段中“Recently, a team of engineers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) showcased a wristband that uses ultrasound (超声波) imaging to constantly monitor the interior of a person’s wrist.( 最近，麻省理工学院（MIT）的一组工程师展示了一款手腕带，它利用超声成像技术持续监测佩戴者手腕内部的情况。)”和第三段中“Using that system, the robotic hand mirrors the wristband wearer’s minute gestures in real time.( 使用这个系统，机器人手会实时模仿佩戴者细微的手势。)”可知，全文核心是针对机器人精细手部动作的痛点，MIT 研发出超声波腕带，实现了机械手对人类微小手势的实时复刻，是机械手技术的重大突破。由此可知，这篇文章适合的标题是“超声波腕带：机器人手的一项重大突破”。 Passage 3 （2026·内蒙古赤峰·二模） Plants produce chemicals called alkaloids (生物碱) to protect themselves from threats. People rely on alkaloids for pain relief and other medical treatments. Scientists want to better understand how plants create alkaloids so they can develop medicines faster, at lower cost, and with less harm to the environment. Researchers from the University of York focused on Flueggea suffruticosa, a plant that produces securinine — a powerful type of alkaloid. They uncovered that the key gene responsible for making securinine is similar to genes typically found in bacteria rather than in plants. This finding suggests that plants may have adopted an unusual evolutionary strategy. Instead of relying only on traditional plant chemistry, they appear to reuse molecular (分子的) tools commonly seen in microbes (微生物) to build defensive chemicals. Dr. Benjamin Lichman, the lead researcher, explained why the discovery stood out. “Plants and bacteria are really different forms of life, and so it was a surprise to see that this significant plant chemical was being driven from a bacterial-like gene. We believe plants ‘recycle’ biological tools that are more commonly found in microbes, when they can be useful to them.” Once the researchers recognized this new chemical pathway, they began finding similar genes hidden within the DNA of many other plants. These plant genes could be used to produce valuable chemicals in laboratory settings, which would reduce the need to harvest rare plants. Dr. Lichman noted that alkaloids could be poisonous, so they have to be highly controlled and often modified when used in medicines. He emphasized, “Understanding the process of creating alkaloids can help us develop new methods for producing them in the lab or removing them to make some plants less poisonous. Now that we know how to look for this chemical production, we have new methods to explore for the production and discovery of safe medications.” 1．What is a finding of the researchers about the gene producing securinine? A．It evolves in a regular pattern. B．It is more like bacterial genes. C．It defends plants from bacteria. D．It exists widely in common plants. 2．What can we infer from the discovery in paragraph 3? A．Rare plants contains more alkaloids. B．Plants produce chemicals from microbes. C．Bacterial-like genes may exist in many plants. D．Biological tools are unique to certain microbes. 3．What does the author try to explain by quoting Lichman in the last paragraph? A．The practical value of the research. B．The process of alkaloid production. C．The challenges of lab-made chemicals. D．The complexity of medical exploration. 4．Where is this text probably taken from? A．A popular science magazine. B．A guide on plant identification. C．A textbook for medical students. D．A research paper on microbiology. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学家对植物产生生物碱的研究，以白饭树这种能产生强效生物碱securinine的植物为例，发现产生该生物碱的关键基因与细菌基因相似，还指出这一发现对在实验室生产有价值化学物质和开发安全药物的意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They uncovered that the key gene responsible for making securinine is similar to genes typically found in bacteria rather than in plants.(他们发现，负责制造securinine的关键基因与通常在细菌中发现的基因相似，而不是在植物中发现的基因。)”可知，研究人员发现产生securinine的基因更像细菌基因。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Once the researchers recognized this new chemical pathway, they began finding similar genes hidden within the DNA of many other plants.(一旦研究人员认识到这种新的化学途径，他们就开始在许多其他植物的DNA中发现类似的基因。)”可知，类细菌基因可能存在于许多植物中。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Understanding the process of creating alkaloids can help us develop new methods for producing them in the lab or removing them to make some plants less poisonous. Now that we know how to look for this chemical production, we have new methods to explore for the production and discovery of safe medications.(了解生物碱的生成过程可以帮助我们开发在实验室生产生物碱的新方法，或者去除生物碱以降低某些植物的毒性。既然我们知道如何寻找这种化学物质的生产，我们就有新的方法来探索安全药物的生产和发现。)”可知，作者在最后一段引用Lichman的话试图解释研究的实用价值。故选A。 4．推理判断题。文章主要讲述了科学家对植物产生生物碱的研究，以白饭树这种能产生强效生物碱securinine的植物为例，发现产生该生物碱的关键基因与细菌基因相似，还指出这一发现对在实验室生产有价值化学物质和开发安全药物的意义，文章内容通俗易懂，符合流行科学杂志的特点，所以这篇文章可能摘自一本流行科学杂志。故选A。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春·二模） Restrictions on vapes (电子烟) are multiplying. Belgium banned sales of throwaway vapes on January 1st. France adopted a similar law on February 24th. Other bans may soon come into force in England, Scotland, Wales and New Zealand. More than 30 countries including Brazil and India have outlawed all vaping products. Are such measures justified? Vaping clearly carries risks. Starting in 2019, America’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to track a new disease known as EVALI (“e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury”). As of February 18th 2020, the CDC had identified 2,807 admissions to hospital for EVALI in America. At least 68 of those patients had died. Swift action arose. Researchers pointed fingers at vitamin E acetate (醋酸酯), a skincare oil that was added to many unlawful masses of vaping liquids as a thickening agent. When vitamin E acetate is heated, highly poisonous gas is produced. Many areas outlawed any addition of vitamin E acetate to vape liquids, and crackdowns on black markets followed. EVALI cases fell greatly; the CDC has not detected a revival. Yet health authorities believe EVALI might also be caused by other substances in vape, including those that are produced legally. In a landmark analysis of four popular vaping liquids published in Chemical Research in Toxicology in 2021, a team at Johns Hopkins University labelled six ingredients as potentially harmful. Earlier studies had found vaping mixtures that used heavy metals such as lead. There are other reasons to be concerned. First, as vaping rose in popularity only in the past dozen or so years, it remains to be seen whether cancer cases could arise. Lab mice have developed cancers after being subjected to vape aerosols (气溶胶). The second is that vape aerosols have been found to damage human tissue, including DNA． 1．What does the first paragraph mainly talk about? A．The health risks of vaping. B．The trend of banning vapes. C．The distribution of vapes sale. D．The measures of promoting vapes. 2．What is the main reason for the global bans on vapes? A．The decline in traditional cigarette sales. B．The high cost of regulating vaping products. C．The environmental issues caused by e-cigarettes. D．The outbreak of EVALI linked to vaping products. 3．What directly resulted from banning vitamin E acetate? A．EVALI cases dropped sharply. B．CDC stopped tracking EVALI. C．More countries banned all vapes. D．Other harmful substances were found. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Vaping is not as popular as before. B．Health risks by vaping may still exist. C．Lab mice are likely to spread diseases. D．Vape aerosols can cure damaged human tissue. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章探讨了全球多国对电子烟实施禁令或限制措施的合理性，通过分析EVALI（电子烟相关肺损伤）疾病的爆发、维生素E醋酸酯等有害物质的发现，以及长期健康风险（如癌症、DNA损伤）尚不明确等证据，说明这些禁令是有科学依据的。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Restrictions on vapes (电子烟) are multiplying. Belgium banned sales of throwaway vapes on January 1st. France adopted a similar law on February 24th. Other bans may soon come into force in England, Scotland, Wales and New Zealand. More than 30 countries including Brazil and India have outlawed all vaping products. Are such measures justified?(对电子烟的限制措施正在不断增加。比利时自1月1日起禁止销售一次性电子烟。法国于2月24日通过了类似的法律。英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和新西兰可能也将很快实施禁令。包括巴西和印度在内的30多个国家已经禁止了所有电子烟产品。这些措施是否合理？)”可知，文章第一段列举了比利时、法国、英国、新西兰等多个国家地区禁止或即将禁止电子烟，故第一段主要介绍禁止电子烟的趋势。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Starting in 2019, America’s Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) began to track a new disease known as EVALI (“e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury”). As of February 18th 2020, the CDC had identified 2,807 admissions to hospital for EVALI in America. At least 68 of those patients had died.(从2019年开始，美国疾病控制与预防中心开始追踪一种名为EVALI（即“电子烟或电子烟产品使用相关的肺损伤”）的新疾病。截至2020年2月18日，美国疾控中心已确认有2807人因EVALI住院，其中至少68名患者死亡。)”及第三段“Researchers pointed fingers at vitamin E acetate (醋酸酯), a skincare oil that was added to many unlawful masses of vaping liquids as a thickening agent. When vitamin E acetate is heated, highly poisonous gas is produced. Many areas outlawed any addition of vitamin E acetate to vape liquids, and crackdowns on black markets followed. EVALI cases fell greatly; the CDC has not detected a revival.(研究人员将矛头指向了维生素E醋酸酯——一种护肤油，被作为增稠剂添加到许多非法电子烟液中。当维生素E醋酸酯被加热时，会产生剧毒气体。许多地区禁止在电子烟液中添加任何维生素E醋酸酯，并随后对黑市进行了打击。EVALI病例大幅下降，美国疾控中心未发现该疾病复发。)”可知，第二段介绍EVALI疾病（与电子烟相关的肺损伤）导致大量住院和死亡，第三段说明研究者发现维生素E醋酸酯是元凶，随后多地区禁止该成分并打击黑市，EVALI病例下降。这构成了全球禁令的主要直接原因。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many areas outlawed any addition of vitamin E acetate to vape liquids, and crackdowns on black markets followed. EVALI cases fell greatly; the CDC has not detected a revival.(许多地区禁止在电子烟液中添加任何维生素E醋酸酯，并随后对黑市进行了打击。EVALI病例大幅下降，美国疾控中心未发现该疾病复发。)”可知，在禁止维生素E醋酸酯后，EVALI病例大幅下降。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“There are other reasons to be concerned. First, as vaping rose in popularity only in the past dozen or so years, it remains to be seen whether cancer cases could arise. Lab mice have developed cancers after being subjected to vape aerosols (气溶胶). The second is that vape aerosols have been found to damage human tissue, including DNA.(还有其他令人担忧的理由。首先，由于电子烟仅在过去十几年间才流行起来，是否会引发癌症病例仍有待观察。实验室小鼠在暴露于电子烟气溶胶后已患上癌症。第二，研究发现电子烟气溶胶会损害人体组织，包括DNA。)”可知，最后一段提出两点担忧：一是癌症病例可能未来才出现（小鼠实验已致癌），二是电子烟气溶胶会损伤人体组织包括DNA，这暗示电子烟的健康风险仍然存在。故选B。 Passage 2 （2026·吉林·二模） The ordinary-seeming act of picking up a T-shirt and folding it into a neat square requires a surprisingly complex understanding of how objects move in three dimensions. Our own ease in accomplishing such tasks comes from a learned understanding of how different fabrics will respond when folded, even if we haven’t folded them before, but it’s difficult for robots to apply what they learn to new situations that may differ from their training. As a result, current robots are slow and often perform poorly on even the simplest of folding tasks. A big challenge in teaching robots the skill is the countless ways that various fabrics can crumple (变皱). Think about all the times you’ve thrown a T-shirt into the laundry basket and how it landed in a slightly different-shaped heap each time. It’s simple for people to pick up a shirt and quickly find a sleeve or collar to orient themselves, but every unique way a shirt crumples is a new challenge for robots, which are often trained on images of unwrinkled clothing lying flat on a surface, with all features visible. “It’s not the fabric itself that is the challenge. It’s the number of variations that can be created by the way fabric can be crumpled,” says David Held, a robotics researcher. Once they have been trained on a fabric’s properties, many robotic systems use a folding strategy called “pick and place”, where the robot uses computer vision technology to identify a specific point on a shirt like the left sleeve, then pick up that point and place it down at a different specified point like the right sleeve. In these models, the origin, destination and trajectory (轨迹) of the movement are predetermined based on assumed properties of the fabric, such as stretch and weight. Though it may sound straightforward, the approach limits the ability of robots to adapt to real-time changes in the environment — such as a pair of pants being far heavier than expected, or a button getting in the way. If such complications arise, the system can’t change its trajectory to complete a fold correctly. 1．Why do robots perform poorly in folding tasks? A．They struggle to apply learning. B．They fail to know the fabric. C．They lack the relevant training. D．They can’t observe new situations. 2．What makes robots’ learning to fold clothes difficult? A．The ways that people pick up their T-shirts. B．Countless fabric variations from crumpling. C．Very few images about unwrinkled clothing. D．Different assumed properties of the fabric. 3．What can we know about the strategy called “pick and place”? A．It is highly effective. B．It can adapt to changes. C．It ignores fabric’s weight. D．It has certain shortcomings. 4．What may be the best title for the text? A．Robot’s Big Challenge: Folding Clothes B．Pick and Place: A Common Robot Strategy C．Humans’ Natural Ability to Fold Clothes D．The Endless Possibilities of Home Robots 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了机器人在叠衣服这一任务上所面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Our own ease in accomplishing such tasks comes from a learned understanding of how different fabrics will respond when folded, even if we haven’t folded them before, but it’s difficult for robots to apply what they learn to new situations that may differ from their training.(我们自身能够顺利完成此类任务，是因为我们已经掌握了不同布料在折叠时的反应规律，即便我们此前从未叠过这些衣服（面料），但机器人却难以将所学知识应用到与训练环境不同的新情境中去)”可知，机器人表现不佳的原因在于它们难以将所学的东西应用到与训练时不同的新情况中。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A big challenge in teaching robots the skill is the countless ways that various fabrics can crumple (变皱).(在教机器人掌握这项技能的过程中，最大的难题在于各种织物会以无数种方式发生褶皱)”可知，机器人学习叠衣服的一个大挑战在于织物因变皱而产生的无数种形态变化。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though it may sound straightforward, the approach limits the ability of robots to adapt to real-time changes in the environment — such as a pair of pants being far heavier than expected, or a button getting in the way. If such complications arise, the system can’t change its trajectory to complete a fold correctly.(尽管这听起来可能很简单，但这种方法限制了机器人适应环境实时变化的能力——比如一条裤子的实际重量比预期的要重很多，或者一个纽扣会挡住操作路径。如果出现这类复杂情况，系统就无法改变其运行轨迹来正确完成折叠动作)”可知，虽然“抓放”策略听起来简单直接，但它限制了机器人适应环境变化的能力。这说明该策略存在缺点。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Our own ease in accomplishing such tasks comes from a learned understanding of how different fabrics will respond when folded, even if we haven’t folded them before, but it’s difficult for robots to apply what they learn to new situations that may differ from their training. As a result, current robots are slow and often perform poorly on even the simplest of folding tasks.(我们自身能够顺利完成此类任务，是因为我们已经掌握了不同织物在折叠时的反应规律，即便我们此前从未叠过这些衣服（面料），但机器人却难以将所学知识应用到与训练环境不同的新情境中。因此，目前的机器人动作迟缓，即便是在最简单的折叠任务中也常常表现不佳)”以及文章始终围绕“机器人叠衣服所面临的巨大挑战”这一核心主题展开，因此A项“机器人的重大挑战：折叠衣物”最符合文章标题。故选A。 Passage 3 （2026·辽宁鞍山·二模） As a youth mental health crisis persists in the US, a new report highlights a significant gap between the level of support that teenagers feel and the amount that parents think their children have. Only about a quarter of teens said they always get the social and emotional support they need, but parents were nearly three times more likely to think they did. The findings are based on nationally representative surveys of nearly 1,200 children aged 12 to 17 and their parents. The study authors note that the presence of an interviewer may have biased parents to respond more favorably. There also may be a disconnect between the support parents think they’re offering and the type that their teenage children are seeking. A parent’s first instinct is often to provide advice or guidance, while teens tend to want empathy and reassurance. The new report shows that teens who did not feel that they always or usually had the support they needed were significantly more likely to report a number of poor health effects than those who did feel supported. Depression and anxiety were nearly three times more common among teenagers who did not feel emotionally supported than among those who did; nearly a third of those who did not feel supported reported symptoms like poor sleep, poor health or low life satisfaction. Experts say it’s important for adults to make intentional time to connect with teenagers in their life. This is especially true in the age of technology and social media. “Often, supporting teenagers is as simple as being curious about what they bring our way and then offering empathy,” Damour said. “Take comfort in the knowledge that helping a teenager feel heard and understood is overwhelmingly the most useful and therapeutic thing an adult can do.” 1．How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A．By providing statistics. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting an expert. D．By explaining a concept. 2．Why does the gap on support exist between parents and teenagers? A．They both have a strong bias. B．They define support in different ways. C．They both have high expectations. D．They avoid communication with each other. 3．What can we learn about the findings? A．Teens feeling supported are healthier. B．Parents usually ignore teens’ mental health. C．Emotional support makes no sense to teens’ health. D．A third of the teens experience low life satisfaction. 4．What does Damour suggest parents do to narrow the gap? A．Offer timely medical treatment. B．Fix time to lecture teens. C．Be a good listener with curiosity. D．Meet teens’ physical needs. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍美国青少年心理健康危机中，父母与孩子对情感支持的认知存在巨大差异，并分析原因与影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Only about a quarter of teens said they always get the social and emotional support they need, but parents were nearly three times more likely to think they did. The findings are based on nationally representative surveys of nearly 1,200 children aged 12 to 17 and their parents.(只有大约四分之一的青少年表示他们总能获得所需的社交和情感支持，但父母认为孩子能获得支持的比例几乎是前者的三倍。该研究结果基于对近1200名12至17岁儿童及其父母的全国代表性调查。)”可知，作者通过提供调查数据来呈现这一问题。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“There also may be a disconnect between the support parents think they’re offering and the type that their teenage children are seeking. A parent’s first instinct is often to provide advice or guidance, while teens tend to want empathy and reassurance.(父母认为自己提供的支持与青少年寻求的支持类型之间可能存在脱节。父母的第一反应通常是提供建议或指导，而青少年往往想要共情和安慰。)”可知，父母和青少年对支持的定义和需求不同，因此存在认知差距。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The new report shows that teens who did not feel that they always or usually had the support they needed were significantly more likely to report a number of poor health effects than those who did feel supported.(新报告显示，与那些感受到支持的青少年相比，那些觉得自己没有得到所需支持的青少年出现多种不良健康问题的概率要高得多。)”可知，感受到支持的青少年身心更健康。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中的““Often, supporting teenagers is as simple as being curious about what they bring our way and then offering empathy,” Damour said. “Take comfort in the knowledge that helping a teenager feel heard and understood is overwhelmingly the most useful and therapeutic thing an adult can do.”(达莫尔表示：“通常，支持青少年其实很简单，就是对他们所表达的内容抱有好奇，然后给予共情。要明白，让青少年感觉自己被倾听、被理解，几乎是成年人能做的最有用、最有疗愈效果的事，这一点能给我们带来慰藉。”)”可知，达穆尔建议父母做一个充满好奇的倾听者。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·辽宁朝阳·二模） Lately, massive levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) have been making much of our world too warm. Some engineers look to clear up what’s already there. Arup SenGupta is one of them. SenGupta’s team recently invented a system that works like a water filter (过滤器). But instead of removing pollution from water, it traps CO2 when air flows through the filter, with other gases passing through. A currently available air-filtering technology is described as “direct air capture (DAC)” which can filter CO2, from coal-fired power plants. Twenty-seven DAC plants have been launched worldwide, only capturing a small share of the CO2 in the air. “Direct capture is a way,” Sengupta says, “But the technology is not there yet to be able to address the problem extensively.” He thinks his group’s new tech could in theory help. It’s not just for power plants. “You could go to the Himalayas and trap CO2.” The testing process began by blowing air through the filter. This process transforms the trapped CO2 into a chemical called sodium bicarbonate which is the same stuff as baking soda. When the filter was full, the team “reset” it by pouring ocean water through it. The captured CO2 is released into the ocean as sodium bicarbonate. Then, the filter is “new” again. However, lab tests don’t always guarantee success in the real world. The new approach may not be well acknowledged as it requires large amounts of additional chemicals to work. Trapping one ton of CO2, for example, requires tons of certain corrosive compounds (腐蚀性化合物). Additionally, the reaction generates a byproduct, which could be repurposed for industrial uses, but it requires proper storage to be safe for those applications. Lebling, at World Resources Institute, says the ocean is a potential option for storing carbon safely, in part for its vastness. “Meanwhile,” she adds, “it presents a host of unknowns.” Some have to do with how efficiently the sea can hold carbon. Others relate to possible ecological impacts. “Before these approaches can be safely used,” she says, “scientists need to know how storing carbon in the ocean will affect the environment.” 1．What is the primary function of Arup SenGupta’s invention? A．Monitoring the air quality. B．Cleaning up the air pollutants. C．Storing carbon dioxide underground. D．Removing carbon dioxide from the air. 2．Why do the researchers expose the filter to ocean water? A．To cool down the filter after use. B．To refresh the filter for further use. C．To enhance the chemical reaction process. D．To increase the filter’s CO2 capture efficiency. 3．What does the author mainly talk about in paragraph 5? A．The complexity of doing the lab tests. B．Difficulties in the practical application of the new tech. C．Safety measures required for handling additional chemicals. D．Huge market potential for the byproduct of the reaction. 4．What is Lebling’s attitude to the real application of SenGupta’s filter? A．Prejudiced. B．Optimistic. C．Cautious. D．Disappointed. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章主要介绍了Arup SenGupta团队发明的一种能从空气中捕获二氧化碳的过滤系统，分析了其工作原理、测试过程及实际应用面临的挑战。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“SenGupta’s team recently invented a system that works like a water filter...it traps CO2 when air flows through the filter, with other gases passing through. (SenGupta的团队最近发明了一种类似水过滤器的系统……当空气流经过滤器时，它会捕获二氧化碳，其他气体也会通过)”可知，该发明的主要功能是从空气中去除二氧化碳。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“When the filter was full, the team “reset” it by pouring ocean water through it...Then, the filter is “new” again.(当过滤器饱和后，团队通过向其中注入海水来“重置”它……然后，过滤器又“焕然一新”了)”可知，研究人员用海水冲洗过滤器是为了使其恢复活性以便再次使用。 3．主旨大意题。根据第五段中“requires large amounts of additional chemicals to work(需要大量额外化学物质才能工作)”、“Trapping one ton of CO2, for example, requires tons of certain corrosive compounds(例如，捕获一吨二氧化碳需要数吨某种腐蚀性化合物)”和“the reaction generates a byproduct, which could be repurposed for industrial uses, but it requires proper storage to be safe for those applications.(该反应会产生一种副产物，这种副产物可用于工业用途，但需要妥善储存才能确保这些应用的安全性)”可知，本段主要讨论了该新技术在实际应用中面临的困难。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“it presents a host of unknowns(它存在许多未知因素)”、“Before these approaches can be safely used...scientists need to know how storing carbon in the ocean will affect the environment. (在这些方法可以安全使用之前……科学家需要了解海洋储碳将如何影响环境)”可推知，她对这项技术的实际应用持谨慎态度。 Passage 2 （2026·黑龙江·二模） It’s not unusual for snow to fall in winter. During the cold weather months, some folks like to share recipes for how to make snow ice cream and other treats that use fresh powder as a base, adding milk, sugar, and toppings. Obviously, no one is recommending anyone scoop up a bowlful of snow idling on the side of the road, full of salt, muck (淤泥), and other unpleasantness. But it does beg the question: Is any snow actually safe to consume? While you may assume snow that’s freshly fallen and collected in an undisturbed area — even a cup set out for that purpose — is free of any contaminants (污染物), don’t be so sure. According to meteorologist Mary Scarzello Fairbanks, snow isn’t all that clean. It’s formed when water droplets freeze around some dust or debris in the air, forming an ice crystal that continues to collect water vapor and form a snowflake. When it falls, it will also collect things hanging in the air, including dirt and even bacterial particles. Depending on the region, snow could also contain mercury (水银) or pesticides. If it’s windy, snow could even mix with dirt kicked up from the soil before settling. A 2015 study published in the journal Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts even demonstrated how snow could mix with gas exhaust. This all means that, theoretically, your snow ice cream could have some pretty disgusting “toppings”. At the same time, there doesn’t seem to be a surge of reports of illnesses related to snow consumption. Assuming you don’t consume a huge quantity of it, it’s unlikely that whatever contaminants might be in the snow will be present in large enough amounts to cause problems. While no one is technically advocating for snow ingestion here, just a small bite will probably be fine. Eating snow in an emergency is another matter. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) warns against snow snacking for people like hikers, because it can lower one’s body temperature. In cases where there is a water supply issue, the CDC says it’s safe to take collected snow and boil it to kill off any bacteria. 1．What is the correct order of snow formation? ① Ice crystals are formed. ② Water and vapor are collected. ③ A snowflake comes into being. ④ Water droplets freeze in the air. A．②④①③ B．④①②③ C．②①④③ D．④①③② 2．What is the function of paragraph 4? A．To introduce a new concept. B．To offer a detailed explanation. C．To pave the way for what follows. D．To back up a previous statement. 3．What can we infer from the text? A．Under no circumstances does the CDC advise eating snow. B．Boiling snow can eliminate all risks associated with eating it. C．Eating snow after it is boiled can lower one’s body temperature. D．Consuming a small quantity of snow is unlikely to cause severe diseases. 4．Which is the best title for the passage? A．The Hidden Dangers of Snow Ice Cream B．How to Safely Consume Snow in Emergencies C．Is Snow Safe to Eat? What You Need to Know D．From Cloud to Table: The Journey of a Snowflake 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍雪的形成过程、雪含有的污染物，以及食用雪是否安全的相关科学知识与注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“It’s formed when water droplets freeze around some dust or debris in the air, forming an ice crystal that continues to collect water vapor and form a snowflake.(它是由水滴在空气中的尘埃或碎屑周围冻结形成冰晶，冰晶不断聚集水蒸气进而形成雪花。)”可知，正确顺序为水滴在空气中冻结→形成冰晶→聚集水蒸气→形成雪花，即④①②③。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“According to meteorologist Mary Scarzello Fairbanks, snow isn’t all that clean.(根据气象学家玛丽·斯卡泽洛·费尔班克斯的说法，雪并不是那么干净。)”以及第四段中的“When it falls, it will also collect things hanging in the air, including dirt and even bacterial particles. Depending on the region, snow could also contain mercury (水银) or pesticides. If it’s windy, snow could even mix with dirt kicked up from the soil before settling. A 2015 study published in the journal Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts even demonstrated how snow could mix with gas exhaust. (雪花飘落时，也会吸附空气中漂浮的物质，包括灰尘甚至细菌颗粒。根据地区不同，雪还可能含有水银或杀虫剂。如果刮风，雪在落地前甚至会混入从地面扬起的泥土。2015年发表在《环境科学：过程与影响》期刊上的一项研究甚至证明了雪会如何与汽车尾气混合。)”可知，第四段通过列举雪含有的各类污染物，详细支撑了第三段提出的“雪并不干净”这一观点。故选D项。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Assuming you don’t consume a huge quantity of it, it’s unlikely that whatever contaminants might be in the snow will be present in large enough amounts to cause problems.(只要不大量食用，雪中的污染物含量不大可能达到致病水平。)”可知，少量食用雪不太可能引发严重疾病。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中的“But it does beg the question: Is any snow actually safe to consume?(但这确实引出一个问题：到底有没有雪是可以安全食用的？)”可知，文章全文围绕食用雪是否安全展开介绍与分析，因此“雪能安全吃吗？你需要知道的事”最适合作为文章标题。故选C项。 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1 （2026·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模） Locust swarms (蝗虫群) can cover hundreds of square miles, and the insects consume vast amounts of vegetation, threatening global agriculture. In a study, scientists identified a surprisingly simple strategy: using a nitrogen fertilizer-based (NFB, 基于氮肥的) method to help control the pests. Nitrogen is the main building block of proteins. In Senegal, the potential new solution lies in intervening in how locusts sustain their swarming behavior. A high-carbohydrate diet is the key to locust swarming, as locusts rely on it to build up fat reserves that fuel population growth and long-distance migration. In contrast, high-protein, low-carb (碳水化合物) crops are far less appealing to the species, so planting such crops could help prevent swarming. In field tests, crop plots treated with nitrogen-based fertilizer produced high-protein, low-carb crops. Over several months, in central Senegal, scientists worked with 100 farmers from two villages. Each farmer grew a grain called millet in two plots: one treated with commercial nitrogen fertilizer and the other untreated. The scientists then surveyed the fields for pest populations and crop damage three times throughout the growing season. They found that the fertilizer treatment significantly decreased pest populations and crop damage, while increasing millet yield. Daniel Gebregiorgis, a climate scientist at the Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, says that while the method for locust management is a promising solution, its widespread use may be challenging because outbreaks often occur in remote areas. Many locust management strategies also face difficulties with widespread application in places with limited connectivity. Daniel emphasizes that this new research is particularly significant since human-caused climate change is driving an increase in locust outbreaks. Because of global warming, many regions receive above-average rainfall. Coupled with rising temperatures and wetter soil, conditions for locust reproduction are increasingly met. Increasing storm activity makes this climate shift the key factor behind locust outbreaks. Human activities like overplanting also contribute to locust swarms. These actions damage land and worsen soil quality, producing low-nitrogen soil that supports carb-rich plants — plants that help locusts grow and support long-distance swarms. 1．How did scientists control locusts? A．By changing their food supply. B．By providing them with more protein. C．By reducing their protein intake. D．By raising their carb consumption. 2．What is the function of paragraph 4? A．To introduce the farming process. B．To prove the method’s efficiency. C．To compare different crop yields. D．To describe farmers’ cooperation. 3．What is Daniel’s attitude to the wide adoption of the NFB method? A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Unclear. D．Uncertain. 4．What does the author think locust outbreaks reflect? A．The harm of overplanting to soil. B．The overuse of chemical fertilizers. C．The current severe climate crisis. D．The long history of human activities. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了科学家发现施用氮肥培育高蛋白低碳水作物可防治蝗虫，田间试验效果显著，但推广存在挑战，而气候变化正加剧全球蝗灾。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In a study, scientists identified a surprisingly simple strategy: using a nitrogen fertilizer-based (NFB, 基于氮肥的) method to help control the pests. Nitrogen is the main building block of proteins.( 在一项研究中，科学家们发现了一种出人意料的简单策略：采用基于氮肥的方法来控制这些害虫。氮是蛋白质的主要构成成分。)”以及第三段中“A high-carbohydrate diet is the key to locust swarming, as locusts rely on it to build up fat reserves that fuel population growth and long-distance migration. In contrast, high-protein, low-carb (碳水化合物) crops are far less appealing to the species, so planting such crops could help prevent swarming.( 高碳水化合物的饮食是蝗虫集群的关键，因为蝗虫依靠这种饮食来积累脂肪储备，以支持种群的增长和长距离迁徙。相比之下，高蛋白、低碳水化合物的作物对这种物种的吸引力要小得多，因此种植这类作物有助于防止蝗虫集群现象的发生。)”可知，科学家通过施用氮肥让作物变成高蛋白、低碳水，而蝗虫依赖高碳水饮食群聚繁殖，这种作物对它们毫无吸引力。本质是改变蝗虫的食物供应来抑制群聚。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Each farmer grew a grain called millet in two plots: one treated with commercial nitrogen fertilizer and the other untreated. The scientists then surveyed the fields for pest populations and crop damage three times throughout the growing season. They found that the fertilizer treatment significantly decreased pest populations and crop damage, while increasing millet yield.( 每位农民在两个地块种植一种叫做小米的谷物：一个地块使用商业氮肥处理，另一个地块未使用氮肥。然后，科学家在整个生长季节对这些田地进行了三次调查，以监测害虫数量和作物受损情况。他们发现，施肥处理显著降低了害虫数量和作物受损程度，同时提高了小米的产量。)”可知，第四段完整呈现了塞内加尔的田间对照试验过程与结果：施氮肥的地块害虫数量、作物损害显著减少，同时产量提升。其核心作用是用实证数据证明氮肥法防治蝗虫的有效性。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Daniel Gebregiorgis, a climate scientist at the Department of Geosciences, Georgia State University, says that while the method for locust management is a promising solution, its widespread use may be challenging because outbreaks often occur in remote areas.( 佐治亚州立大学地球科学系的气候科学家丹尼尔·格贝雷吉奥西斯表示，虽然这种蝗虫管理方法是一个很有前景的解决方案，但其广泛应用可能会面临挑战，因为蝗灾往往发生在偏远地区。)”可知，丹尼尔认为该方法有前景，但因蝗虫多爆发在偏远、交通不便地区，大规模推广存在困难。这种“有希望但有明显障碍”的态度是不确定的。 4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Because of global warming, many regions receive above-average rainfall. Coupled with rising temperatures and wetter soil, conditions for locust reproduction are increasingly met. Increasing storm activity makes this climate shift the key factor behind locust outbreaks.( 由于全球变暖，许多地区降雨量超过平均水平。再加上气温上升和更湿润的土壤，蝗虫繁殖的条件越来越具备。风暴活动的增加使这种气候变化成为蝗灾爆发的关键因素。)”可知，作者核心观点：人为导致的气候变化是蝗虫爆发增多的主要驱动力。全球变暖带来的异常降雨、升温、土壤湿润，为蝗虫繁殖创造了完美条件。 Passage 2 （2026·内蒙古赤峰·二模） “Memory editing” sounds dark, bringing to mind threatening visions of erased histories or implanted lies. But in the lab, the reality is gentler and far more hopeful. The discovery of the ability to edit memory itself is teaching us how to heal the brain from within, including how to weaken wounding recollections, strengthen declining ones and rebalance emotions our memories carry. Over the past decade, this work has revealed three principles. First, memories are malleable (可塑的) when being stored, recalled and restored. Second, they are distributed across the brain rather than in one region. Third, they can be artificially imprinted into the brain. Each principle reframes what “memory editing” really means. When we form a memory, brain cells fire together and strengthen connections. That process can be enhanced or weakened with different patterns of stimulation. Drugs, hormones or even a bit of sugar can enhance the brain’s ability to stabilise new experiences. The same idea works in reverse. Overstimulate memory pathways, and a memory’s strength declines; block the molecules (分子) that strengthen connections, and it weakens more. Because memories are spread across the brain, they are also remarkably resilient. Damage to one region rarely deletes an entire experience. Instead, the brain can reroute access through alternate pathways and call upon multiple “drafts” of the memory. This backup system offers hope for treating Alzheimer’s: if we can strengthen undamaged routes to a memory, we may repair pieces of identity once thought lost. Memory editing, then, isn’t about rewriting who we are — it is about giving the brain new paths back to itself. While the idea raises ethical concerns as every major medical advance once did, the goal of our work is to reduce suffering and thereby improve our collective well-being: to help an ex-soldier loosen his hold on a flashback or someone with Alzheimer’s hold on to loved ones’ names. Learning to reshape memory responsibly helps us heal, and the brain already edits memories every time we revisit them. Science today is simply learning the rules. 1．What can we learn about memory editing from Paragraph 1? A．It erases unwanted histories and lies. B．It offers potential for brain healing. C．It facilitates painful recollection. D．It controls emotional memories. 2．What can enhance a memory’s strength? A．Blocking the molecules that stabilise memories. B．Reducing the stimulation to brain regions. C．Reinforcing the links between brain cells. D．Shortening the time of brain cells firing. 3．The underlined word “resilient” in Paragraph 4 most probably means “______”. A．hard to awaken B．limited in function C．flexible in structure D．not easily destroyed 4．What is the author’s attitude towards memory editing research? A．Unconcerned. B．Neutral. C．Doubtful. D．Favorable. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。说明了记忆编辑并非黑暗操控，而是可治愈大脑的科学，其三大原理为治疗阿尔茨海默病等提供希望，虽有伦理争议但研究价值积极。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The discovery of the ability to edit memory itself is teaching us how to heal the brain from within, including how to weaken wounding recollections, strengthen declining ones and rebalance emotions our memories carry.(对记忆编辑能力的发现正在教会我们如何从内部修复大脑，包括如何淡化创伤性的记忆、强化衰退的记忆以及重新平衡记忆所承载的情绪)”可知，记忆编辑为大脑的修复提供了可能性。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“When we form a memory, brain cells fire together and strengthen connections. That process can be enhanced or weakened with different patterns of stimulation.(当我们形成记忆时，大脑细胞会协同工作并加强彼此之间的联系。这个过程可以通过不同的刺激模式来增强或削弱)”可知，加强脑细胞之间的联系能够增强记忆的强度。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Damage to one region rarely deletes an entire experience. Instead, the brain can reroute access through alternate pathways and call upon multiple “drafts” of the memory.(一个区域受损通常不会导致整个记忆的丧失。相反，大脑能够通过其他路径重新建立连接，并调用记忆的多个“备份”版本)”可知，划线词后解释道：大脑单个区域受损很少会彻底删除一整个记忆，大脑可以通过替代路径重新获取记忆，由此可知记忆因为分布在大脑各处，不容易被破坏。故划线词意思是“不易受损”。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“While the idea raises ethical concerns as every major medical advance once did, the goal of our work is to reduce suffering and thereby improve our collective well-being: to help an ex-soldier loosen his hold on a flashback or someone with Alzheimer’s hold on to loved ones’ names.(尽管这一想法与以往每一次重大医学进步所引发的伦理问题一样，都存在一定的道德争议，但我们的研究目的却是为了减轻痛苦，从而提升我们的整体福祉：帮助一位退伍军人摆脱闪回的困扰，或者帮助患有阿尔茨海默病的人记住亲人的名字)”可知，作者对记忆编辑研究是支持态度。故选D。 Passage 3 （2026·辽宁·二模） In a world first, a monkey with a kidney transplant from a genetically modified pig has been living healthily for over two years, marking a significant milestone for xenotransplantation (异种器官移植). This breakthrough offers a glimmer of hope to the hundreds of thousands of patients worldwide waiting for organ transplants. The key to this success lies in precise gene editing. The pig used for the transplant was provided by eGenesis, a biotech company. Scientists used the CRISPR-Cas9 tool to make 69 precise genetic modifications. They “knocked out” three genes responsible for producing sugars on pig cell surfaces that would trigger an immediate attack by the human immune system. They also added seven human genes to improve the coexistence of the pig organ with human blood and to prevent dangerous blood clots (血块). Beyond the genetic modifications, the recipient pig was given a combination of standard immunosuppressive drugs (免疫抑制药物), similar to those used in human transplants, to further prevent organ rejection. The fact that the monkey has survived with a fully functioning kidney for over two years is a massive step forward. Previous attempts at cross-species transplants often failed within weeks or months due to severe immune responses. While this is a huge success, experts caution that there are still hurdles before this becomes a common medical practice. The long-term effects of such transplants need further study, and there are ethical considerations surrounding the use of animals for this purpose. However, this achievement undeniably brings the dream of an unlimited supply of organs for transplantation closer to reality, potentially saving millions of lives in the future. 1．What is the main significance of the experiment mentioned? A．It proves pigs are ideal organ donors. B．It solves the problem of organ rejection completely. C．It shows CRISPR-Cas9 is the only way to edit genes. D．It marks a major advance in cross-species organ transplantation. 2．How did scientists prevent the pig kidney from being attacked? A．By using a kidney from a newborn pig. B．By using stronger immunosuppressive drugs only. C．By raising the pig in a special germ-free environment. D．By removing parts of pig genes and adding some human genes. 3．What does the underlined word “hurdles” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Steps. B．Benefits. C．Changes. D．Challenges. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the future of xenotransplantation? A．Cautiously optimistic. B．Highly doubtful. C．Totally indifferent. D．Entirely negative. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍全球首例转基因猪肾移植猴子健康存活超两年，标志异种器官移植获重大突破，同时仍存在待解决的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In a world first, a monkey with a kidney transplant from a genetically modified pig has been living healthily for over two years, marking a significant milestone for xenotransplantation (异种器官移植). (全球首例接受转基因猪肾移植的猴子健康存活超过两年，这标志着异种器官移植领域的重要里程碑。)”可知，该实验的重要意义在于它标志着跨物种器官移植取得了重大进展。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They “knocked out” three genes responsible for producing sugars on pig cell surfaces that would trigger an immediate attack by the human immune system. They also added seven human genes to improve the coexistence of the pig organ with human blood and to prevent dangerous blood clots (血块). (他们“敲除”了猪细胞表面三种会引发人体免疫系统立即攻击的产糖基因，还添加了七个人类基因以促进猪器官与人体血液共存并防止危险血栓形成。)”可知，科学家通过敲除部分猪基因并添加部分人类基因来避免猪肾受到攻击。故选D项。 3．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中的“While this is a huge success, experts caution that there are still hurdles before this becomes a common medical practice. The long-term effects of such transplants need further study, and there are ethical considerations surrounding the use of animals for this purpose.(尽管这是一项巨大的成功，但专家提醒，在这项技术成为常规医疗手段之前，仍然存在hurdles。此类移植的长期效果需要进一步研究，而且将动物用于此目的还存在伦理方面的考量。)”可知，后文提到的长期效果不明、伦理问题等都是该技术推广前面临的困难与阻碍，因此画线词“hurdles”的意思是“挑战、难题”。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The long-term effects of such transplants need further study, and there are ethical considerations surrounding the use of animals for this purpose. However, this achievement undeniably brings the dream of an unlimited supply of organs for transplantation closer to reality, potentially saving millions of lives in the future.(此类移植的长期效果需要进一步研究，而且将动物用于此目的还存在伦理方面的考量。然而，这一成果不可否认地让移植器官无限供应的梦想更接近现实，未来有望挽救数百万人的生命。)”可知，作者既看到了现存问题，也认可其巨大潜力，对异种器官移植的未来持谨慎乐观态度。故选A项。 Passage 4 （2026·辽宁鞍山·二模） No longer something off in the distance, the new technology is all over our screens. AI has arrived in tangible ways, big and small. Here are a few examples of how AI connects with pop culture. A new band called Velvet Sundown gained popularity, drawing over one million plays in just a few weeks. It has been revealed that the band isn’t a band after all, but a synthetic (合成的) music project guided by human creative direction, and composed, voiced, and visualized with the support of artificial intelligence. An AI-generated musician called Solomon Ray leads the iTunes top 100 pop albums chart. Should classics remain untouched and endure as artifacts (人工制品) of the time during which they were created? Or should new technology be embraced as a way to make these classics relevant to new generations? Those questions are at the center of “The Wizard of Oz”. Sphere Entertainment Company spent an estimated $80 million to modernize the 1939 musical, teaming up with Google to make the movie large enough to fit a screen. Building up a loyal podcast (播客) audience was traditionally a byproduct of familiarity between the host and listeners. The same technology behind popular chatbots can now cut some of the busy work down for podcasters. “The thing you’re listening for is a window into someone else’s consciousness. That is the whole ballgame. Some leading podcasters have tried it out and then decided to drop it, and the big podcast publishers are also shying away from it.” Lees said. Tilly Norwood, a realistic-appearing AI generated actress, has sparked concern in Hollywood over job replacement. James Cameron said, “I just want to point out we don’t use it on the ‘Avatar’ films. We honor and celebrate actors. We don’t replace actors. I think Hollywood will be self-policing on that.” 1．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 2? A．Living artists fill up social-media feeds. B．AI-generated musicians find success. C．The band earns good money from plays. D．The revelation of the band disappoints people. 2．What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning “The Wizard of Oz”? A．Classics should welcome AI. B．The movie is outdated. C．The film adaptation is costly. D．Google is a reliable AI partner. 3．What can be inferred about Lees’ attitude to AI-supported podcasts? A．Dismissive. B．Supportive. C．Tolerant. D．Disapproving. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．AI Is at the Fingertips B．AI Creates Concerns C．AI Affects Pop Culture D．Policies on AI Are on the Way 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍人工智能以多种形式融入流行文化，在音乐、经典影视、播客和演艺等领域引发关注与讨论。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A new band called Velvet Sundown gained popularity, drawing over one million plays in just a few weeks. It has been revealed that the band isn’t a band after all, but a synthetic (合成的) music project guided by human creative direction, and composed, voiced, and visualized with the support of artificial intelligence. An AI-generated musician called Solomon Ray leads the iTunes top 100 pop albums chart. (一个名为Velvet Sundown的新乐队走红，短短几周内播放量就超过100万次。据悉，该乐队并非真正的乐队，而是一个由人类创意指导、借助人工智能进行作曲、配音和视觉呈现的合成音乐项目。一位名为所罗门·雷的人工智能创作歌手占据了iTunes流行专辑百强榜榜首。)”可知，作者在第二段指出人工智能生成的音乐人获得了成功这一现象。故选B项。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Should classics remain untouched and endure as artifacts (人工制品) of the time during which they were created? Or should new technology be embraced as a way to make these classics relevant to new generations? Those questions are at the center of “The Wizard of Oz”. Sphere Entertainment Company spent an estimated $80 million to modernize the 1939 musical, teaming up with Google to make the movie large enough to fit a screen. (经典作品是否应该保持原样，作为其创作时代的产物留存下去？还是应该拥抱新技术，让这些经典与新一代产生关联？这些问题正是《绿野仙踪》项目的核心。Sphere Entertainment Company估计花费了8000万美元对这部1939年的音乐剧进行现代化改造，并与谷歌合作，使影片尺寸足以适配屏幕。)”可知，作者提及《绿野仙踪》是为了说明经典作品应该接纳人工智能。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的““The thing you’re listening for is a window into someone else’s consciousness. That is the whole ballgame. Some leading podcasters have tried it out and then decided to drop it, and the big podcast publishers are also shying away from it.” Lees said. (“你所追寻的是一扇窥探他人内心世界的窗口。这才是关键所在。一些知名播客主播尝试过人工智能后又决定放弃，大型播客发行商也在回避它。”利斯说。)”可知，利斯对人工智能辅助播客持不赞同的态度。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Here are a few examples of how AI connects with pop culture.(以下是人工智能与流行文化相结合的几个例子。)”可知，文章从音乐、经典电影、播客、演员等多个方面介绍了人工智能对流行文化的影响，因此“人工智能影响流行文化”最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1 （2026·吉林长春·二模） What does it take to become the best at something? The answer may not lie in early childhood excellence or in lifelong dedication. Instead, the path to becoming exceptional at a skill might involve a lot more. That’s according to recent research published in Science that seeks to reveal what it takes to do extremely well in different performance areas, from sports to chess to classical music. Somewhat contrary to common sense, the study authors learned, people who showed the greatest promise in their field as children rarely went on to reach the peak of their field as adults. The findings challenge the “10,000-hour rule”, the idea that if someone spends 10,000 hours deliberately practicing a skill, they will master it, says Purdue University psychologist Brooke Macnamara, who co-authored the analysis. The rule, which was popularized in Malcolm Gladwell’s 2008 book Outliers, is based on a 1993 study of top-performing violin students. These students had each accumulated an average of 10,000 hours of practice by age 20. Yet they were not world-class performers, Macnamara points out. “Compared with their national-class fellows who are very good but not the best, world-class performers often started their field later,” Macnamara explains. These people tend to take part in multiple activities early on and don’t shine in one thing at a particularly young age. “They accumulate less practice in their field and more practice in other fields and then rise to the top relatively late,” she says. The researchers highlight that the findings aren’t suggesting people don’t need to practice or put in effort to become the cream of the crop. Instead they show that top adult performers tend to be “late bloomers”, Macnamara says. Boston University researcher Edson Filho, uninvolved in the study, notes that athletes in certain sports, such as gymnastics, hit peak performance far earlier in life than others. And this analysis, he adds, doesn’t get into other factors such as money and coaching that can influence who becomes the cream of the crop. 1．What do we know about the recent research? A．It corresponds with what is widely believed. B．It explores the length of becoming an expert. C．It highlights the natural talent in later success. D．It shows young talents seldom become top-ranked. 2．What sets world-class performers apart from national-class ones? A．Early entry to a certain field. B．Former cross-field experience. C．Enough practice accumulation. D．Signs of childhood excellence. 3．What does the underlined words “the cream of the crop” in paragraph 5 mean? A．A person of green diet. B．A person of average level. C．A person of outstanding ability. D．A person of self-taught experience. 4．What is Edson Filho’s attitude towards the research findings? A．Supportive. B．Critical. C．Unclear. D．Neutral. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最新研究挑战“一万小时定律”，发现各领域顶尖人才多为“大器晚成”者：童年未必出众，早期多元尝试，后期厚积薄发，而非仅靠刻意练习时长。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Somewhat contrary to common sense, the study authors learned, people who showed the greatest promise in their field as children rarely went on to reach the peak of their field as adults.(与常理相悖的是，研究作者发现，那些在孩童时期展现出最大潜力的人，成年后很少能达到其所在领域的巅峰)”可知，该研究显示年轻天才很少成为顶尖级别的。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段““Compared with their national-class fellows who are very good but not the best, world-class performers often started their field later,” Macnamara explains. These people tend to take part in multiple activities early on and don’t shine in one thing at a particularly young age. “They accumulate less practice in their field and more practice in other fields and then rise to the top relatively late,” she says.(麦克纳马拉解释道：“与那些成绩优异但并非顶尖的国家级人才相比，世界级的优秀者往往起步较晚。”这些人往往在较早的年龄就开始参与多种活动，并且不会在某个特定年龄段就展现出特别出色的表现。“他们在自己擅长的领域积累的练习时间较少，而在其他领域则有更多的练习时间，因此要达到顶尖水平往往要晚一些。”她说)”可知，以往的跨领域工作经验使世界级人才区别于国家级人才的。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“The researchers highlight that the findings aren’t suggesting people don’t need to practice or put in effort to become the cream of the crop. Instead they show that top adult performers tend to be “late bloomers”, Macnamara says.(研究人员强调，这些发现并不是说人们不需要练习或付出努力就能成为the cream of the crop。麦克纳马拉说，相反，研究表明顶尖的成年从业者往往是“大器晚成者”。)”可知，后文紧接着提到“top adult performers”，与“the cream of the crop”表意相同，均指能力极其突出、处于顶尖水平的人，因此该短语意为“能力出众的人”。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Boston University researcher Edson Filho, uninvolved in the study, notes that athletes in certain sports, such as gymnastics, hit peak performance far earlier in life than others. And this analysis, he adds, doesn’t get into other factors such as money and coaching that can influence who becomes the cream of the crop.(波士顿大学的研究人员埃德森·菲洛在该研究中未参与其中，他指出，某些体育项目（如体操）的运动员在生命早期就能达到最佳表现水平，而其他项目的运动员则不然。他还补充说，这项分析并未涉及诸如金钱和教练指导等可能影响谁成为佼佼者的其他因素)”可知，Edson Filho认为该研究存在明显局限性：既没有覆盖特殊情况（比如体操运动员的巅峰本来就来得更早），也没有纳入金钱、教练等其他影响成才的关键因素，因此他对研究结论持批判态度。故选B项。 Passage 2 （2026·辽宁名校联盟·二模） You’re sitting in a café, and the person next to you is having a loud, animated conversation on their phone. You’re trying to read, but your brain keeps getting pulled into their story. This is a common experience, but have you ever wondered why overhearing a monologue (独白) is so compelling? According to new research published in the journal Psychological Science, the reason is rooted in our brain’s powerful ability to predict. When we listen to one half of a conversation, our brains automatically work overtime to construct the missing half. This process, known as “mentalizing” or theory of mind, is the act of imagining the mental state of another person — what they are thinking, feeling, and what their responses might be. In a series of experiments, researchers played participants audio clips of either monologues (one person telling a story) or halfalogue (one side of a phone conversation). They found that participants’ brains showed significantly more activities in the regions associated with social reasoning when listening to the halfalogues. The brain was actively trying to fill in the gaps, predicting what the unheard speaker was saying. This mental effort is what makes us feel so drawn in. We’re not just hearing sound; we’re building a narrative. This discovery has interesting implications. It explains why we find it harder to concentrate in an open-plan office when we can hear some parts of phone calls than when we hear two people talking face-to-face. The brain is occupied by the need to complete the puzzle. It also sheds light on why texting or messaging, which lacks tone of voice, can sometimes lead to misunderstandings. Our brain fills in the missing emotional cues, and often it fills them in incorrectly, projecting our own anxieties or expectations onto the texter. So, the next time you’re annoyed by a loud talker on the bus, you can blame your own incredibly social brain. It’s not just being nosy (好管闲事的); it’s hard at work, trying to make sense of an incomplete world. 1．What does the research reveal about hearing one side of a phone call? A．It is less distracting than a full conversation. B．It activates the brain’s social reasoning centers. C．It is processed as meaningless background noise. D．It improves our ability to focus on our own tasks. 2．Why might text messages lead to misunderstandings according to the passage? A．People often type too quickly. B．People prefer talking on the phone to texting. C．The brain invents missing emotional information. D．Texting lacks the structure of a real conversation. 3．How does the author explain the research finding in paragraph 4? A．By providing examples of its real-world effects. B．By comparing it to previous scientific theories. C．By listing statistical data from the experiments. D．By describing the details of the research process. 4．Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A．How to Improve Your Concentration B．The Damaging Effects of Smartphones C．Why We Are Drawn to Phone Conversations D．The Difference Between Monologue and Dialogue 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍为什么无意中听到电话独白会如此有吸引力，并结合研究结果解释其原因及现实意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In a series of experiments, researchers played participants audio clips of either monologues (one person telling a story) or halfalogue (one side of a phone conversation). They found that participants’ brains showed significantly more activities in the regions associated with social reasoning when listening to the halfalogues.(在一系列实验中，研究人员向参与者播放了独白（一个人讲故事）或半对话（电话交谈的一方）的音频片段。他们发现，参与者在听半对话时，大脑中与社会推理相关的区域表现出明显更多的活动)”可知，听到电话交谈的一方会激活大脑的社会推理中心。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It also sheds light on why texting or messaging, which lacks tone of voice, can sometimes lead to misunderstandings. Our brain fills in the missing emotional cues, and often it fills them in incorrectly, projecting our own anxieties or expectations onto the texter.(这也解释了为什么缺乏语气的短信或信息有时会导致误解。我们的大脑会填补缺失的情绪线索，而且往往会填错，把我们自己的焦虑或期望投射到发信人身上)”可知，短信会导致误解是因为大脑会编造缺失的情绪信息。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“It explains why we find it harder to concentrate in an open-plan office when we can hear some parts of phone calls than when we hear two people talking face-to-face.(这就解释了为什么当我们能听到部分电话内容时，在开放式办公室里比听到两个人面对面交谈时更难集中注意力)”和“It also sheds light on why texting or messaging, which lacks tone of voice, can sometimes lead to misunderstandings.(这也解释了为什么缺乏语气的短信或信息有时会导致误解)”可推断，作者通过列举研究发现在现实世界中的影响来解释这一研究结果。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中的“You’re sitting in a café, and the person next to you is having a loud, animated conversation on their phone. You’re trying to read, but your brain keeps getting pulled into their story. This is a common experience, but have you ever wondered why overhearing a monologue (独白) is so compelling?(你正坐在咖啡馆里，旁边的人正在大声、热烈地打电话。你努力想看书，但你的大脑总是被他们的故事吸引。这是一种常见的经历，但你有没有想过为什么无意中听到一段独白会如此有吸引力？)”可知，文章开篇以生活中常见的无意中听到他人电话交谈的场景切入，提出“为什么无意中听到电话独白会如此有吸引力”这一问题，随后结合研究结果解释了原因——大脑会自动填补电话交谈中缺失的部分，最后介绍了这一发现的现实意义。C项“为什么我们会被电话交谈吸引”准确概括了文章主旨，可以作本文的最佳标题。故选C项。 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1 （2026·哈师大附中吉林长春·二模） DeepSeek, a large language model developed in China, is a landmark in AI development. Unlike earlier AI models, DeepSeek is both high-performing and accessible. Its open-source model has created new opportunities across sectors (行业), including in governance. Work that once took civil servants days to complete can now be done in a matter of minutes. This leap in productivity has not only increased efficiency, it has also reduced operational costs and enhanced openness. For example, in Shenzhen, 70 AI-powered “civil servants” have been employed in different government departments to assist with tasks such as drafting official documents and responding to public inquiries. In the U.S., a group of technicians and engineers discovered an evident flaw in welfare records: a 300-year-old was still receiving benefits. As AI becomes increasingly intelligent, does it mean we no longer need flesh-and-blood civil servants? Not quite. While AI will undoubtedly reduce the size of the public workforce, humans will continue to play crucial roles — as supervisors, ethical stewards and final deciders in complex decisions. Although AI can monitor, analyze and optimize (优化) public spending in real time, official committees will be needed to ensure that algorithmic (算法) decisions remain in line with ethical standards and do not disadvantage weak populations. To safeguard public interest, governments must establish ethics committees to inspect AI systems, revise regulatory frameworks, and ensure openness. But no revolution comes without chaos. As AI assumes many traditional civil service roles, mass job displacement could cause deep social anxiety. Questions, such as “Am I still useful if a machine can do my job?”, will become increasingly common. Governments must be prepared to ease this social fallout by investing in mental health services, job retraining programs and welfare support. In sum, AI in government is not just a matter of automation; it’s about revolutionizing governance itself. If done right, an AI-powered state can more fairly and quickly fulfill citizens’ needs. But to get there, we need to strike a balance between efficiency and ethics, innovation and inclusion. 1．Why does the author mention two examples in paragraph 2? A．To show AI’s wide application. B．To demonstrate AI’s existence. C．To highlight traditional problems. D．To prove AI’s role in civil service. 2．What role will humans play in the use of AI in the public sector? A．Developing new AI technologies. B．Replacing most public workforce jobs. C．Supervising and ensuring ethical standards. D．Designing algorithms for real-time optimization. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards AI replacing human civil servants? A．Unclear. B．Cautious. C．Pessimistic. D．Optimistic. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．The Importance of AI in Modern Government B．How will AI Replace Humans in Government? C．Can AI Replace Civil Servants in Government? D．The Role of Human Management in Government. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国自研大模型DeepSeek在政务领域的应用，探讨人工智能是否能取代公务员，分析其效率提升作用、人类仍需承担的监督伦理职责，以及由此带来的社会问题与应对方向。 1．推理判断题。根据原文第二段“Work that once took civil servants days to complete can now be done in a matter of minutes. This leap in productivity has not only increased efficiency, it has also reduced operational costs and enhanced openness.(曾经需要公务员几天才能完成的工作，现在几分钟就能完成。这种生产力的飞跃不仅提高了效率，还降低了运营成本并提升了公开性。)”及“For example, in Shenzhen, 70 AI-powered “civil servants” have been employed in different government departments to assist with tasks such as drafting official documents and responding to public inquiries. In the U.S., a group of technicians and engineers discovered an evident flaw in welfare records: a 300-year-old was still receiving benefits.(例如，在深圳，已有70名人工智能“公务员”被部署到不同政府部门，协助起草公文、回应公众咨询等工作。而在美国，一批技术人员和工程师在福利记录中发现了一个明显漏洞：一位300 岁的人仍在领取救济金。)” 可知，作者举这两个例子是为了证明人工智能在行政服务中发挥的重要作用，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“While AI will undoubtedly reduce the size of the public workforce, humans will continue to play crucial roles — as supervisors, ethical stewards and final deciders in complex decisions.(虽然人工智能无疑会缩减公共部门人员规模，但人类将继续扮演关键角色 —— 作为监督者、伦理管理者和复杂决策的最终决策者。)” 可知，人类在公共部门使用人工智能时会起到监督并确保伦理标准的作用，故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据原文第二段“Work that once took civil servants days to complete can now be done in a matter of minutes. This leap in productivity has not only increased efficiency, it has also reduced operational costs and enhanced openness.(曾经需要公务员几天才能完成的工作，现在几分钟就能完成。这种生产力的飞跃不仅提高了效率，还降低了运营成本并提升了公开性。)”及原文第五段“But no revolution comes without chaos. As AI assumes many traditional civil service roles, mass job displacement could cause deep social anxiety.(但任何一场变革都伴随着混乱。随着人工智能承担许多传统公务员工作，大规模的岗位替代可能会引发严重的社会焦虑。)” 以及最后一段“But to get there, we need to strike a balance between efficiency and ethics, innovation and inclusion.(但要实现这一点，我们需要在效率与伦理、创新与包容之间取得平衡。)” 可知，作者既认可人工智能的优势，也指出其问题并强调要谨慎平衡，态度是谨慎的，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据原文第三段“As AI becomes increasingly intelligent, does it mean we no longer need flesh-and-blood civil servants? Not quite.(随着人工智能变得越来越智能，这是否意味着我们不再需要有血有肉的公务员？并非如此。)” 以及全文围绕人工智能能否取代公务员展开讨论可知，文章最合适的标题是“人工智能能否取代政府公务员？”，故选C。 Passage 2 （2026·吉林省G35联合体·二模） At a recent round-table discussion hosted by The World Business Council on Sustainable Development (WBCSD), leading innovators in carbon reduction technology discussed the practical implementation (执行) needed to put the revised framework into practice and achieve the goal set in the Paris Agreement to limit global warming. The discussion was hosted by Peter Bakker, President and Chief Executive Officer of WBCSD, who began by setting the bar in terms of the important role businesses have to play. “Businesses have a critical role to play as a source of investments and as a driver of technological development and innovation, not to mention as an engine for economic growth and employment,” said Mr. Bakker. “We must continue to work together to seize this opportunity to scale up the implementation of the Paris Agreement and accelerate the transition to the low-carbon economy.” However, there comes a point where innovations need to migrate off the drawing board and start to bring change — a point which Mr. Bakker is acutely aware of. “Of course, realizing the goals will by no means be easy,” he said. “The goals represent an ambitious agenda which in many cases will require a complete system overhaul.” Such a change takes commitment on an individual business level, but industry-wide regulations and close partnership were highlighted as key drivers by many of those at the discussion. Alongside their work with businesses, the round-table discussion also highlighted the importance of keeping climate change in the public eye and ensuring that the transition to the low-carbon economy is inclusive. Climate change is so important to all our futures that truly long-term sustainable change requires a complete cultural shift in the way nations think about consuming energy and resources, and about the impact this has on people and communities. While policy makers can assert a certain degree of influence from one direction, businesses also have a responsibility to ensure their employees and communities are prepared to meet the opportunities of the low-carbon world. For many businesses, this means re-training, re-skilling and redeployment in order to safely manage the transition for their workers. 1．What role should businesses play according to Mr. Bakker? A．Policy makers. B．Cultural innovators. C．Green advocates. D．Resource developers. 2．Which word can explain the underlined word “overhaul” in paragraph 3? A．Explanation. B．Reform. C．Standard. D．Analysis. 3．What did many attendees of the discussion consider important? A．Investment. B．Cooperation. C．Investigation. D．Employment. 4．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Technology can ensure a smooth transition. B．The government should lead retraining programs. C．Businesses have reduced the impacts of climate change. D．Employees’ livelihood matters in addressing climate change. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界可持续发展工商理事会主持的圆桌会议上，商界领袖讨论了实现《巴黎协定》目标所需的碳减排技术实施及多方合作的重要性。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Businesses have a critical role to play as a source of investments and as a driver of technological development and innovation, not to mention as an engine for economic growth and employment(企业作为投资来源、技术发展和创新的推动者，以及经济增长和就业的引擎，发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，Bakker先生认为企业应作为投资来源、技术创新驱动力，所以企业应扮演绿色倡导者的角色。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“The goals represent an ambitious agenda which in many cases will require a complete system overhaul.(这些目标代表了一个雄心勃勃的议程，在许多情况下，这将需要彻底的制度overhaul)”可知，这些目标代表了一个雄心勃勃的议程，所以实现目标难度大，需要彻底的系统变革。所以overhaul意为“变革，改革”，与reform意思相近。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Such a change takes commitment on an individual business level, but industry-wide regulations and close partnership were highlighted as key drivers by many of those at the discussion.(这种变化需要企业层面的承诺，但讨论中的许多人强调，行业范围的法规和密切的伙伴关系是关键驱动力)”可知，许多与会者认为合作很重要。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“While policy makers can assert a certain degree of influence from one direction, businesses also have a responsibility to ensure their employees and communities are prepared to meet the opportunities of the low-carbon world. For many businesses, this means re-training, re-skilling and redeployment in order to safely manage the transition for their workers.(虽然政策制定者可以在一个方向上施加一定程度的影响，但企业也有责任确保其员工和社区做好准备，迎接低碳世界带来的机遇。对许多企业来说，这意味着重新培训、重新技能培训和重新部署，以便为工人安全地管理过渡)”可知，企业需为员工提供再培训等，说明员工的生计在应对气候变化中很重要。故选D / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 阅读理解（说明文） 参考答案 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1：1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D Passage 2：1．A 2．D 3．C 4．D Passage 3：1．B 2．C 3．A 4．A 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1：1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B Passage 2：1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A Passage 3：1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1：1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C Passage 2：1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 主题01 人与社会 Passage 1：1．A 2．B 3．D 4．C Passage 2：1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D Passage 3：1．D 2．D 3．D 4．A Passage 4：1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 主题02 人与自我 Passage 1：1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B Passage 2：1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 主题03 人与自然 Passage 1：1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C Passage 2：1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $