Unit 4 History and Traditions Reading and Thinking 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

1. 对......迷惑不解: 2. 脱离;背叛;逃脱: 3. 出故障;失败;垮掉,崩溃;分解: 4. 破门而入;打断(谈话等) 5. 我是学生会的一员。 6. 和某人交流: 7. 防御;保卫: 8. 保护......不受...... 9. 被......包围: 10. 如果有的话: 11. 如果有必要的话: 12. 这座小镇被绿水青山所环绕,吸引了来自国内外的游客。 be puzzled about break away (break-broke-broken) break down break in I belong to the Student Union. communicate with sb in defence of defend ...from/against... be surrounded by/with... if any if necessary The small town is surrounded by/with green mountains and water, attracting visitors from home and abroad. B2U4 Reading and Thinking What’s In A Name? Learning objectives: At the end of this lesson, students are able to: 1. Read about the history and traditions of the UK; 2. Give a brief introduction of the UK; 3. Talk about Chinese history, using what they have learned in this lesson. Deepen students’ understanding of the long history of our own country. Lead-in There are four teams from the UK in the World Cup. Lead-in 1. What do you know about the United Kingdom? 2. Why does the United Kingdom have four teams in the World Cup? single The United Kingdom is not a country, but instead is a . country of countries England It includes , , , and . Scotland Wales Northern Ireland Because the United Kingdom is made up of four countries. Pre-reading—read for map A. traffic map(交通图) B. weather map(气候图) C. resource map(资源图) D. administrative zoning map(行政区划图) What type of map is it? Tip: Read a map When you look at a map, think first about what the map shows and what the symbols mean. What do the different symbols (e.g. icons, circles, spots) and colors stand for? The small circles stand for . Red spot stands for . Different colors stand for . the capital big cities different regions of the country Pre-reading—read for map What’s the genre of this passage? Narration(记叙文) Argumentation(议论文) Exposition(说明文) What do you think the text will be about? The text is mainly about the history and culture of the UK. n.体裁,类型; Pre-reading—read for title What’s In A Name? What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. ——Romeo and Juliet 名字代表什么?我们所称的玫瑰,换个名字还是一样芳香。 ——《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 Shakespeare: The name is not important. Does the author agree with Shakespeare? 名为何物? While-reading—read for main idea Para. 1. Para. 2. Para. 3. Para. 4. Para. 5. A. The four groups of people’s influence on the UK. B. The history and culture of the UK. C. The similarities(相似点) and differences of the four countries. D. The origin(起源,由来) of the name. E. The puzzle of the name. Para.1 The puzzle of the name Para.2 The origin of the name Para.3 The similarities and differences of the four countries Para.4 The four groups of people’s influence on the UK Para.5 The history and culture of the UK While-reading—read for structure Para.1 The puzzle of the name Para.2 The origin of the name Para.3 The similarities and differences of the four countries Para.4 The four groups of people’s influence on the UK Para.5 The history and culture of the UK Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P5 P4 P3 P2 P1 P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 A. B. C. D. General Particular While-reading—read for “puzzle” The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 1. What is the puzzle? The puzzle is about different names of the UK. 2. How can we solve this puzzle? By getting to know a little bit about British history. the United Kingdom Great Britain Britain England Para.1 The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by what these different names mean. So what is the difference between them, if any? Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 联合王国、大不列颠、英国、英格兰——很多人对这些不同名称的含义感到困惑。如果这些名称有区别的话,那么它们的区别何在?稍微了解一下英国历史,就可以帮助你解开这个谜题。 what引导宾语从句,做介词by的宾语 逐渐了解,慢慢了解 解开这个谜题 be confused by:被……弄糊涂了,对……感到困惑 如果有……的话 V-ing短语充当主语 该句中 if any 是省略句,完整形式为 if there is any difference. If any为省略句式,意为“如果有的话”, if用作连词。 其他类似的省略结构: if so 如果是这样的话 if not 如果不是这样;不然,否则 if necessary 如果有必要 if possible 如果可能的话 if ever 如果曾经有的话 So what is the difference between them, if any? 如果这些名称有区别的话,那么它们的区别何在? ① 留心看周围的景色。否则,你迟早会后悔的。 Keep your eyes open for the surrounding views. _, you will regret. ②如果有必要,我可以早点来。 I could come earlier, _. ③他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话,就得有人守在这儿。 They think she may try to phone._, someone must stay here. ④请告诉我,如果有人要来的话,有多少? Please let me know how many are coming, _. if necessary If not/Or/Otherwise If so if any Exercise otherwise adv.否则,不然;除此以外,在其他方面 Para 1 Getting to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle. 动名词短语做主语,谓语动词常用_ 单数 Para 5 Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. 仿写: ①眼见为实。_ is believing. ②在阳光下看书对我们的眼睛有害。 _ bad for our eyes. ③在不久的将来去外太空旅行会很普遍。 _ will be common in the near future. Seeing Reading in the sun is Travelling in space (1) 往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 (2) 谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 (3) 可以用it作形式主语,常见句型有: •It is no use/no good/no fun/a waste of time doing sth. 做某事没有用/没有好处/没有意思/是在浪费时间。 •It is useless/worth/worthwhile doing sth. 做某事是没有用的/是值得的。 【点拨】动名词作主语 Travelling is Being an outgoing student rush hour 高峰时段:一天中交通或商业需求达到高峰的时段。 与某人相处融洽 While-reading—read for “origin” In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. How does the author organize this paragraph? A. By space order. B. By time order. C. By logical order. D. By listing statistics. Para.2 In the 16th century The nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. The Origin of the Name Wales England England In the 18th century The country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. The Origin of the Name Scotland England Great Britain In the 19th century The Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Origin of the Name Ireland Great Britain The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland In the 20th century The southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK. The Origin of the Name The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Republic of Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰 联合王国 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 16th century 18th century 19th century 20th century England Wales England Scotland England Great Britain Great Britain Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Republic of Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland While-reading—read for “origin” Para.2 In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined to the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. 十六世纪时,邻国威尔士并入英格兰王国。随后,在十八世纪,苏格兰加入了进来,从而诞生了大不列颠王国。十九世纪时,爱尔兰王国加入,一起组成了大不列颠及爱尔兰联合王国。 加入 不定式做目的状语 不定式做目的状语 v.添加 addition n.添加 Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 最后,在二十世纪时,爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国,这导致了我们如今所看到的全称:大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 脱离,摆脱 导致,造成;结果是=lead to which引导非限制性定语从句 定语从句 Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. People from the UK are called “British”, which means the UK is also often referred to as Britain or Great Britain. 大多数人只是使用简称:“联合王国”。联合王国的人被称为“英国人”,这意味着联合王国也经常被称为英国或大不列颠。 简称 which引导非限制性定语从句 mean后边是省略了that的宾语从句 be referred to as被称为,被称作 While-reading—read for “similarities and differences” Para.3 The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defense. However, they also have some differences. For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! How does the author organize this paragraph? A. By expressing some personal opinions. B. By using a couple of quotes. C. By referring to a social phenomenon. D. By making some comparisons. While-reading—read for “similarities and differences” flag differences similarities currency military defence education systems legal systems traditions football teams national days national dishes Para.3 The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. However, they also have some differences. 属于 合作=team up; collaborate;cooperate (be) known as被称为,以...闻名 过去分词短语作后置定语 军事防御 that引导定语从句 同属于联合王国的这四个国家在某些领域紧密合作。他们使用同一面国旗(称为“英国国旗”),也拥有相同的货币和军事防御。然而,它们之间仍有诸多区别。 货币,通货 以及 For example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different education systems and legal systems. They also have their own traditions, like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams for competitions like the World Cup! 例如,英格兰 、威尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰有不同的教育和法律制度。它们也有各自的传统,比如有自己的国庆节和本国菜肴。它们甚至拥有各自的足球队,参加像“世界杯”之类的赛事! 法律体系 例如=for instance 如=such as=including(包括) While-reading—read for “four groups of people’s influence” Para.4 The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history to explore, which can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. Some of their great achievements included building towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language. the Romans the Anglo-Saxons the Vikings the Normans build towns and roads introduce language and change the way people built houses left behind vocabulary and names of locations build castles, change legal system and add French words Para.4 four groups of people’s influence In the 1st century In the 15th century In the 8th century In the 11th century The United Kingdom has a long and interesting history. Exploring it can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be surrounded by evidence of four different groups of people who took over at different times throughout history. 英国有着悠久而有趣的历史。探索这段历史能帮助你更深入地了解这个国家及其传统。在英国,几乎无论你走到哪里,你都会被四个不同族群的证据所包围,他们曾在不同时期先后占领了这片土地 被……包围 接管;接手;占领 who引导是定语从句 动名词短语(Ving)作主语 everywhere引导是地点状语从句 prep.贯穿(一段时间) n.证据(不可数) The first group, the Romans, came in the first century. They built the first towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the beginnings of the English language, and changed the way people built houses. 第一批是罗马人,于公元一世纪进入英国。他们建立了城镇和修建道路。之后是盎格鲁—撒克逊人,于公元五世纪到达英国。他们引入了英语的雏形,并改变了人们建造房屋的方式。 v.引入;引进(新事物) 定语从句,that省略 The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many locations across the UK. 维京人于公元八世纪到来,留下了许多新的词汇,并给英国境地内的许多地方命名。 prep.遍及...... 留下 n.地点,位置.... The last group were the Normans. They conquered England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles built all around England, and made changes to the legal system. The Normans were French, so many French words slowly entered into the English language. 最后一批是诺曼人。十一世纪,在著名的黑斯廷斯战役之后,诺曼人征服了英格兰。他们在四处修建城堡,并改革了法律制度。诺曼人是法国人,因此法语单词慢慢进入了英语语言中。 have/has/had + 宾语 + 过去分词, 这种结构用来表示“使……被……” 并列(前后动、名词形式一致) 征服,战胜 have sth done的用法归纳: (1)使某事被做(主语有意识的行为,可能是主语自己做,也可能是让别人做) (2)遭遇某种不幸的事情 (1)单句语法填空 ①I usually have my clothes (wash) on Sundays. ②She had her wallet (steal) on her way home yesterday. (2)同义句转换 ③Unfortunately, his right leg was injured during the training. (用have sth done结构改写句子) washed stolen Unfortunately, he had his right leg injured during the training. Para.5 There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. While-reading—read for “history and culture” It is beneficial to study the history and traditions of UK. Studying the history of the country will . If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its and its . make your visit much more enjoyable past present There is so much more to learn about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more enjoyable. 对于英国有趣的历史文化,可学之处比比皆是。研究这个国家的历史将让你的参观更加愉快。 V-ing做主语 much/even+比较级 更加... The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is an ancient port city that has a history dating all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK. 首都伦敦是一个去开始(参观的)的很棒的地方,因为伦敦是一个古老的港口城市,其历史可以追溯到罗马时代。这里有数不胜数的历史遗迹可供探寻,还有许多博物馆陈列着来自英国各地的文物。 as:因为 that引导定语从句 无数的 现在分词短语作后置定语 不定式(to do)作后置定语 date back to追溯到 (=date from) 不定式(to do)作后置定语 古代文物 date back to追溯到……(具体时间点)=date from......=go back to... 通常用一般现在时,没有被动语态。 The city_(date) back to over 3,000 years ago. The city, dating back to over 3,000 years ago, has a rich history. dates all the way一直 全英国 all over 遍及 all over the UK全英国 all over China全中国 The UK is a fascinating mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised to find that you can see both its past and its present. 英国是一个历史与现代文化的迷人交融,新旧传统并存。如果留心去观察,你会惊讶的发现,你能看到英国的过去和现在。 留心观察 融合 that引导宾语从句 很惊奇地做某事 Post-reading—discuss What’s in a name? That which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet. ——Romeo And Juliet 名字代表什么?我们所称的玫瑰,换个名字还是一样芳香。 Shakespeare: The name is not important. Does the author agree with Shakespeare? What’s in a name? What’s advantage of learning the name of a country? What can help us by studying the history of the UK? Advantages Help us understand why the UK has many different names. (Para.1~3) Help us understand more about the country and its traditions. (Para.4) Make your visit more enjoyable. (Para.5) What’s in a name? Origin Traditions History Culture Post-reading—discuss The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England—many people are confused by (1)_ these different names mean. In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales (2) _(join) to the Kingdom of England. In the 19 th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Finally, the southern part of Ireland (3) _ (break) away from the UK, which resulted in the full name we have today. However, most people just use the (4)_(shorten) name: the UK. what was joined broke shortened Retelling Post-reading: 44 The four countries (5)_ belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. There were four sets of invaders and the last group were the Normans. They had castles (6)_(build) all around England and made changes (7)_ the legal system. Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more (8)_(enjoy). The capital city London is (9)_ ancient port city that has a history (10)_(date) back to Roman times. that built to enjoyable an dating Retelling 45 Homework—Name Investigation and Analysis Choose a country whose name you find interesting (it is recommended to avoid very common choices like the USA or the UK). In your written response, please address the following points: Origin of the Name Cultural/Historical Reflection Important phrases (P40 ~ P41) be confused by solve this puzzle add to break away from result in the shortened name be referred to as belong to 对……感到困惑 解决这个疑问 增加 脱离;离开 导致;结果是 简化的名字 被称为;被当作 属于;归属 47 Important phrases (P40 ~ P41) share the same currency and military defence different education systems and legal systems be surrounded by / with take over great achievements date back to ancient relics a mix of history and modern culture 历史和现代文化的融合 古文物 追溯到;起源于 伟大的成就 占领;接手 被……所环绕 使用相同的货币和军事防御 不同的教育和法律体系 48 A: I can never remember what the UK means! There’s England, Britain, _ Great Britain! B: Well, it helps if you remember that there are four countries that _ the UK. That’s why it’s called the United Kingdom. as well as belong to add to join to break away keep your eyes open(P41) as well as belong to 49 A: Four countries? I must have been asleep in that part of our history class! So the first country was England, and the others were _ that? B: Yes, right. First England, then Wales, then Scotland. The last country was Ireland, but later the southern half didn't want to be _the United Kingdom. A: Oh, I remember now! The southern part _ from Northern Ireland, right? B: Yes, you got it well remembered! But _ in history class next time! added to broke away keep your eyes open as well as belong to add to join to break away keep your eyes open joined to Thank You! 人民教育电子音像出版社 普通高中教科书 英语 第二册 2019 265422.16 null 267512.16 [多维运用] (1)单句语法填空 ① (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. ②Driving a car during the rush hour (be) tiring. (2)完成句子 ③ enables me to get along well with others. 作为一个外向的学生,我能和别人相处得很好。 $