Unit 4 History and Traditions Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版第二册

1 Discovering Useful Structures ------过去分词作定语和宾语补足语 Unit 4 History and Traditions Learning Objectives 1.掌握过去分词作定语和宾语补足语的用法（重点） 2.能在具体语境中正确运用过去分词作定语和宾语补足语（难点） 3.能够区分现在分词做定语与过去分词做定语在实际语境中的运用 动 词 谓语动词 非谓语动词 系动词 am is are was were 是 look sound seem感官get turn变得 实意动词/行为动词(vt./vi) run sing learn say write 助动词+V原 do does did have has had 情态动词+V原 can may must need dare... to do (将要、未完成) doing(进行、主动) done (完成、被动) Review I got up early and caught the early bus. I got up early to catch the early bus. Review Review What is the attribute？ Attribute 定语 用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 汉语翻译中中常用，“......的”来表示。 Review What is the attribute? 6. Mother made a birthday cake for me． 4. Lucy's father is a poor worker． 5. We belong to the third world. 3. My brother is a teacher. 2. They live in the room above. 1. It’s a red car. The girl present is my sister. （形容词） （副词） （代词） （数词） （名词所有格/形容词） （名词） Review What is the past participle？ The past participle 过去分词 过去分词是分词的一种，属于非谓语动词，表现形式是done，即动词的过去分词形式；与之并列的概念是现在分词。过去分词既保留了动词的用法，又具备了形容词或副词的功能。 4.作状语 1.作定语 3.作表语 2.作补语 过去分词 观察下面的句子，找出过去分词与名词间的关系。 1. Most people just use the shortened name: “the United Kingdom” or “the UK”. 2. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack,... 3. They had castles built all around England, ... _____________________ ________________ __________ 位置区别： 例1中，shortened在名词______，例2中，known as 在名词______。 所以，我们可以得出结论：_______________________________________________________________。 前面 后面 单个分词作名词的定语时，其位置在名词前；分词短语则放在名词后面 作宾补 作定语 作定语 Part One Past Participle as Attribute (过去分词用作定语) 一. 过去分词做定语分类：前置定语、后置定语 1. 什么是前置定语？其条件是什么？ 2. 什么是后置定语？其条件是什么？ 开水 落叶 一个叫Mary的女孩儿（call）   由著名演员所扮演的角色（play） boiled water fallen leaves a girl called Mary a role played by the famous actor 她是我最喜欢的老师。 She is the teacher who/ that I like best. 注：过去分词作定语修饰名词： 单个单词放在所修饰词之前； 分词短语放在所修饰词之后，表被动或完成。 Describe the pictures. a broken bottle an injured player a bridge built in 1937 1937 Past Participles as the Attribute (1) tired visitors a well-organised trip beautifully dressed stars· Presentation The past participle as the attribute Past Participles as the Attribute (2) visitors ______ of the long wait /… a trip _________ well by my workplace / … stars ________ beautifully at the event / … tired organised dressed 单个的过去分词用作定语通常置于其所修饰的名词之_____;过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之____，作____________。 前 后 后置定语 1. He is one of those invited. 2. There was nobody punished here. 注意：单个的过去分词修饰复合不定代词something, everything, anything, nothing, nobody等或指示代词those时，要放在这些词的_______ 后面 the room left 所剩的空间 the people concerned 有关人士 有些过去分词，如 left(剩余的), concerned (有关的)等，习惯用作后置定语。 3. Is there anything uneaten? 1. She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree decorated very beautifully. = She lit a match and saw a Christmas tree which was decorated very beautifully. 过去分词作定语，可以转化成相对应的____从句。 定语 二. 分词作定语与定语从句的区别 1. They use the same flag, which is known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. They use the same flag, known as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence. 即学即用 Past participle 2. This is a little similar to the British tradition of an informal cup of tea served with snacks. This is a little similar to the British tradition of an informal cup of tea which is served with snacks. 即学即用 Past participle 【即学即练】单句语法填空 1. Most of the people______________ (question) were students. 2. As is known to us all, Tsinghua University, __________(found) in 1911, is one of the top universities． 3. Many (use) computers will be sold in this market. 4. Who were the so-called guests________ (invite) to your party last night? 5. As we all know, China is a ____________(develop) country． 6. A course __________ (design) for first-year students to help them succeed academically and personally. questioned founded used invited developing was designed Part Two Past Participle as Object Complement (过去分词用作宾语补足语) Review What is objective complement? Objective complement 宾语补足语 Everyone calls him Tom. (宾语) (宾补) (主语) (谓语) 带有宾语补足语的一般句型为： 宾语补足语 某些及物动词 直接宾语 （名词或代词） + + 宾语补足语一般放在宾语______, 对宾语_________的作用。 之后 补充说明 过去分词作宾语补足语 1. 过去分词和宾语之间的关系 She had her hair cut yesterday. 她昨天剪了头发。 → cut 与 hair 是 “剪头发” 的动宾关系，表被动完成。 The teacher found the essay written in great detail. 老师发现这篇文章写得很详细。 → written 与 essay 是 “写文章” 的被动关系。 (1) 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语时，表示该动词与宾语之间为逻辑上的 关系。 动宾 及物动词 + 宾语 love（动词）→ you（宾语） 动作 “爱” 的对象是 “你” → 动宾关系 reads → books 动宾关系 过去分词作宾语补足语 1. 过去分词和宾语之间的关系 We found the leaves fallen on the ground. 我们发现叶子落在了地上。 → fallen 仅表示 “落下” 的完成状态（fall 为不及物动词）。 He noticed the sun gone behind the clouds. 他注意到太阳躲到了云层后面。 → gone 表示 “消失” 的完成结果（go 为不及物动词）。 (2) 少数不及物动词 (如fall、go、change等) 的过去分词作宾语补足语时，仅表示动作的 。 完成 过去分词作宾语补足语 1. 过去分词和宾语之间的关系 They found the children dressed in warm clothes. 他们发现孩子们穿着暖和的衣服。 → dressed 表 “穿着” 的状态（dress 为及物动词，但此处不表被动）。 The police discovered the suspect hidden in the basement. 警察发现嫌疑人藏在地下室里。 → hidden 表 “躲藏” 的状态（hide 为及物动词，但此处强调状态）。 (3) seat、hide、dress等的过去分词作宾语补足语时一般表示宾语的状态，不表示 。 被动或完成 练习 fallen leaves(已经落下) 落叶 the risen sun(已经升起) 升起的太阳 过去分词作宾语补足语 2. 过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况 The teacher left the students confused by the complex instructions. 老师复杂的讲解让学生们一头雾水。 The company keeps its employees informed about policy changes. 公司让员工随时了解政策变化。 (1)用在表 的动词keep、leave等后面，构成“keep/ leave＋n./ pron.＋过去分词”使...处于...状态结构。 状态 过去分词作宾语补足语 2. 过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况 They had their house burgled while on vacation. 他们度假时家里遭了贼。 The teacher made herself heard by speaking loudly. 老师大声说话让自己被听到。 (2) 用在表示“ ”意义的动词have、get、make等后面，构成“have/get/make＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 致使 Presentation The past participle as Object Complement 结构: have + 宾语 + 过去分词 He will have his eyes examined tomorrow. He had the walls painted this morning. Be careful, or you’ll have your hands hurt. ①意为“主语请别人做某事”, 表示_____。意为“使完成某事” 。 ②事情既可以是别人做，也可以由主语自己做，表示_______。他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与） ③意为“主语遭遇不测的事情”，表示_______。 被动 完成 意外 过去分词作宾语补足语 2. 过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况 They observed the data carefully analyzed by the researchers. 他们观察到数据被研究人员仔细分析。 They found the city completely changed after 10 years. 他们发现这座城市十年后完全变了样。 (3) 用在表示感觉和心理状态的的动词，即：____动词，如：see, hear, observe, watch, feel, think, find, listen to, look, notice等。 感官 hear＋宾语＋ doing sth. do sth. done. (1) I heard her _____________(sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday． (2) I heard her__________ (sing) an English song just now． (3) To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English __________(speak) as much as possible． singing sing spoken 听到……正在做……（主动、进行） 听到……做了……（主动、完成） 听到……被做（被动、完成或无时间性） 表示感观、感觉和发觉的动词。如： watch, observe, see, hear, listen to, feel, notice, find等。 “感受到某人或某事被做” 过去分词作宾语补足语 2. 过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况 They prefer their children educated in a bilingual environment. 他们更希望孩子在双语环境中接受教育。 She likes her room decorated in warm colors. 她喜欢房间用暖色装饰。 (4) 用在表示“ ”等的动词like、hate、want、wish等后面，构成“like/hate/...＋n./pron.＋过去分词”结构。 爱憎、意愿 过去分词作宾语补足语 2. 过去分词作宾语补足语的五种情况 The old man sat in the armchair with his eyes closed. 老人闭着眼睛坐在扶手椅上。 She finished the project without any help received. 她没有得到任何帮助就完成了项目。 (5) 用在“ ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，宾语与过去分词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中作状语，表示时间、方式、条件、原因等。 with/without 练习 The shocking news made me __________ (realize) what terrible problems we would face．　 He spoke slowly and clearly so that he could make himself___________(understand)． Mother had me ________ (go) to the shop and buy some salt． He had us ____________(laugh) all through the meal． My elder sister had her wallet _______________(steal) on a bus last month． realize understood go laughing stolen 【即学即练】单句语法填空 get, have, make, keep, leave等 watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find等 want, wish, like, expect, order等 “with + 宾语 + 宾补” 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系 主语 ＋ 谓语动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 过去分词 “致使某人或某事被……” “感受到某人或某事被做” “希望 / 要求某人或某事被做” Summary 31 Practice Questions from real examination 1. A study ____________ in Youngstown, Ohio (俄亥俄州扬斯敦) ,for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. (2020年全国 I卷) 2. These include plants that have sensors _________ onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. (2020年全国 I卷) conducted printed Practice Questions from real examination 3. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ____________ live is quite another. (2015年浙江卷) 4. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _______. (2018年天津卷) taken performed Practice Questions from real examination 5. The manager was satisfied to see many new products ___________ after great effort. (2014年四川卷) 6. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr .Lee was very happy to see his mother _______ good care of at home. (2015年陕西卷) taken developed Practice Questions from real examination 7. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity ____________ in the US. (2020年全国Ｉ卷) 8. As a result, she says, some of the injuries ___________ with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. (2020年全国Ｉ卷) consumed associated Thank you 36 $