Unit 4 Adversity and courage Words and Expressions 单词讲解 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 4 Adversity and Courage (words and expressions) Part One: Word formation 1. endurance  n.忍耐力;耐久力---__________ v.忍耐;忍受;持续 2. vigour n.精力；力量；活力---__________adj.充满活力的；生气勃勃的 3. qualified adj.符合资格;具备.....的知识(或技能、学 历等) ---____________  n.资格---__________ vt. 使有资格 4.  enthusiastic  adj.热情的;热心的---____________  n. 热情;热心 ---_______________adv. 热情地;热心地 5. assign vt.分派;布置;分配---__________  n.(分派的)工作,任务 6. belongings  n. (pl.) 财物;动产---__________ v.属于 7. miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的---__________n.痛苦；苦难 8. persevere vi.坚持;孜孜以求---______________ n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 endure vigourous qualification qualify enthusiasm enthusiastically assignment belong misery perseverance 9. resolve vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心; 坚定的信念--- __________ n.决议;解决;坚定 10. cruel  adj. 残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的---__________   adv.残酷地; 残忍地;冷酷地---__________   n.残忍;残酷;冷酷  11. unfortunately  adv.不幸地;遗憾地---____________(反) adv. 幸运地---__________adj.幸运的---__________n.运气;财产 12. recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏---__________n.创造 13. guidance  n.指导;引导;导航---__________ n.指南;手 册;旅游指南(或手册);导游;向导 v. 给某人领路(或导游);指引 14. advertising  n.广告活动;广告业---__________  vt. &vi.公布;宣传;做广告---_____________  n.广告—__________  n.广告商 15. corporate  adj. 公司的;法人的;社团的---_____________n.公司 resolution cruelly cruelty fortunately fortunate fortune creation guide advertise advertisement advertiser corporation 16. rough adj.汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的---________ adv.粗略地;大约 17. navigator  n.领航员;(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者---__________ v.导航;航行;航海;横渡 18. loyal  adj.忠诚的;忠实的---__________ n.忠诚;忠实 19. commitment  n.承诺;保证;奉献---__________  vt.犯错；做错事；保证；承诺；使得承担义务---____________  adj. 投入的;全心全意的 20. motive  n.动机;原因;目的---__________   n.动机; 动力;诱因 ---____________ adj. 积极的;主动的 roughly navigate loyalty commit committed motivation motivated adversity /ədˈvɜːsəti/ n.困境;逆境 逆境出人才。 Adversity makes a man wise, not rich. 只有遇到真正的逆境，我们才知道自己是谁。 We don’t know who we are until we have faced real adversity. adverse adj.不利的，有害的，敌对的 dilemma n. 左右两难的窘境; 困境 in adversity 在困境/逆境中 in a dilemma 处于窘境/困境中 in trouble 处于麻烦中 in need 在危难/贫困中 5 wage /weɪdʒ/ n.工资 salary/pay/wage/income salary常指教师、经理、医生等专业工作的月薪 pay指做完具体工作给的报酬。 wage通常指按周领取的工资、工钱。 income指收入、收益、所得 a very low/high wage 非常低/高的工资 wage cuts 减薪 每星期五发工资。 Wages are paid on Friday. 6 bitter /ˈbɪtə(r)/ adj.严寒的;激烈而不愉快的;味苦的 a bitter wind 刺骨寒风 a bitter smile 苦笑 bitter cold 严寒 a long and bitter dispute 一场漫长而激烈的争论 bitterly adv.痛苦地；愤恨地；极其 bitterness n.苦味；悲苦；痛苦 sour adj.酸的； sweet adj.甜的； spicy adj.辣的 输了比赛对这个队来说是一件伤心失望的事。 Losing the match was a bitter disappointment for the team. 7 expedition /ˌekspəˈdɪʃn/ n.探险;远征;探险队 expedite v.加快；加速 plan/lead/go on an expedition 计划/带队/去北极探险 a shopping expedition 外出购物 我们已创造了快速处理订单的方法以便迅速将货物送达顾客。 We have developed rapid order processing to expedite deliveries to customers. 我们需要为这次探险找到赞助。 We need to find sponsorships for the expedition. 8 endurance /ɪnˈdjʊərəns/ n.忍耐力;耐久力 endure v.忍耐；持续 endurable adj.能忍耐的；可忍受的 unendurable adj.无法忍受的 beyond endurance 忍无可忍 can’t endure doing/to do sth. 不能容忍做某事 他无法忍受失败。 He can’t endure being defeated. 在此案审理前他们只得忍受长时间的等待。 They had endured a long wait before the case came to trial. 9 vigour /ˈvɪɡə(r)/ n.精力;力量;活力 vigorous adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的 近：energy n.精力; 力量; 活力; 能源 他以新的活力和决心工作着。 He worked with renewed vigour and determination. 根深叶才茂，志壮干劲高。 A deep-rooted tree is leafy; an ambitious man is vigorous. be full of energy/vigour 精力充沛 vigorous exercise 剧烈运动 10 turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) turn down 拒绝(提议、建议);调低, turn up 调大，开大(音量等);出现 turn on/off 打开/关掉(水、煤气、电灯等) turn to 求助于;致力于;翻到;转向(to是介词) turn into 变成 turn over 移交;翻转 turn in 上交(物品) turn out (to be)+ n. /adj./that... 结果是…… 近：reject /refuse/decline 11 【即学即练】 1) Tom had to the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. 2) Don't worry. I'm sure your missing glasses will sooner or later. 3) Hurry up, boys and girls! I'm waiting for you to your homework. 4) The news is being broadcast. Could you the TV? 5) Sometimes things don’t the way we think they are going to. turn down turn up turn in turn on turn out qualified /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ adj.符合资格;具备…的知识(技能/学历等) qualify vt.使具备...的资格 qualification n.资格，学历，资历 be qualified for... 有…的资格 be qualified to do sth. 有资格做某事 qualify sb. to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 have the qualification to do sth 有资格做某事 她完全符合担任这项工作的条件。 She is extremely well qualified for the job. 13 【单句语法填空】 1) There is no doubt that he has qualifications ________(do)the work. 2) He’s been informed that he doesn’t qualify________ the scholarship because of his academic background. 3) Just tell Mike whoever has a good knowledge of physics and history is____________(qualify)for the position. 4) There is no doubt that he has ____________(qualify) to do the work. 5) The test will qualify you __ ( drive) the new car. to do for qualified qualification to drive enthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk/ adj.热情的;热心的 enthusiastically adv.热情地 enthusiasm n.热情，热忱 enthusiast n.热心者；爱好者 be enthusiastic about (doing) sth. 对做某事感兴趣/热情的 with enthusiasm 热情地 be full of enthusiasm 充满热情 你好像对这个想法不太感兴趣。 You don’t sound very enthusiastic about the idea. 15 enthusiastic adj.热情的;热心的 ___________________________对某事很热衷，热爱 ---______________ n.热心;热情;狂热 ---______________ adv.热情地;热烈地 enthusiasm enthusiastically be enthusiastic about sth. 【即学即练】 1) I am less enthusiastic the idea of attending the expert's lecture on Sunday. 2) Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost none of her ( enthusiastic) for life. 3) Му daughter doing the voluntary work, so she signed up straight away.我女儿对做志愿工作很热心,所以她马上报名。 about enthusiasm was enthusiastic about aboard /əˈbɔːd/ adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等) be aboard the plane/ship 在飞机/船上 go abroad 出国 at home and abroad 国内外 形近： abroad [əˈbrɔːd] adv. 到国外; 去国外; 在国外 board [bɔːd] n. 板子; 董事会 v.登上（火车、船等） broad adj.宽阔的；广泛的 他已经登机了。 He was already aboard the plane. 17 assign /əˈsaɪn/ vt.分派;布置;分配 assignment n.工作，任务，作业 assign sth. to sb.=assign sb. sth. 把某事分派给某人 assign sb. as sth. 指派某人担任某职务 assign sb. to do sth 指派某人做某事 on assignment 受委派 a tough assignment 一项艰巨的任务 老师给每个孩子布置的作业都不相同。 The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children. 18 assign sb. sth.=assign sth. to sb. assign vt. 分派;布置;分配 _________________________________ 给某人分配某事/某物 ______________________安排某人(做)某事 ___________ n.分配;任务;作业 assign sb. to (do) sth. assignment 【即学即练】 1) Occasionally, I would read a novel that (assign), but I didn't enjoy this type of reading. 2) My teacher assigned me (write)an essay about the reform and opening-up policy of China. 3) I looked at it online when I was working on this ____ (assign). 4) The teacher has during the holiday. 老师给我们每个人都分配了假期的任务。 was assigned to write assignment assigned each of us a task envy /ˈenvi/ n.&vt.羡慕;妒忌 out of envy 出于嫉妒 with envy 羡慕地；嫉妒地 envy sb. (doing) sth. 羡慕某人（做）某事 be envious of 羡慕，嫉妒 envious adj. 嫉妒的; 羡慕的 enviable adj. 令人羡慕的 形近：envoy[ˈenvɔɪ] n. 特使; 使者 他们纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。 They only say such unkind things about you out of envy. 他一直嫉妒我的成功。 He has always envied my success. 20 crush /krʌʃ/ vt.毁坏;压坏;压碎 n.拥挤的人群 形近：crash [kræʃ] v./n. 坠毁;猛撞; 碰撞 近：ruin /destroy/damage get/be crushed by 被……挤压 have a crush on sb. 迷恋某人 好几个人在事故中压死了。 Several people were crushed to death in the accident. 我对她爱慕至极。 I have a huge crush on her. 21 sink /sɪŋk/ vi.沉没;下沉;下降 vt.使下沉;使沉没 (sank or sunk , sunk) sink to the bottom of… 沉到……的底部 be sunk in thought 陷入沉思 a sinking feeling 沮丧之情 sink or swim 不自救，必沉沦 sink into sth （话语等）被完全理解 船沉入了海底。 The ship sank to the bottom of the sea. 他就坐在那儿，陷入了沉思。 He just sat there, sunk in thought. 22 abandon /əˈbændən/ vt.舍弃;抛弃;放弃 近：desert/give up abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的；废弃的 abandonment n.离弃；遗弃 abandon oneself to (doing) sth 陷入/沉湎于…… abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 with abandon 放纵地；尽情地 abandon sth to sb 把……丢弃给…… 研究表明，老人十分害怕被丢弃给陌生人照管。 The study showed a deep fear among the elderly of being abandoned to the care of strangers. 23 【即学即练】 1) Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned a farm, which looked almost (abandon). 2) Playing computer games is harmful to your health. Don't abandon yourself this kind of pleasure. 3) Bad customs and laws ought to , since they are inappropriate for the development of the society. 4) People were shouting and cheering abandon after the match. 5) We abandoned (carry) out the plan for lack of money. 6) Those who can’t succeed. 那些沉溺于电子游戏无法自拔的人不会成功。 abandoned to be abandoned with carrying abandon themselves to computer games belongings /bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz/ n.[pl.]财物;动产 belong vi.应在；适应 积累： findings；surroundings；savings；earnings； personal belongings 个人物品 [常用复数] a sense of belonging 归属感 belong to sb. 属于某人 （注：belong to不用于进行时和被动语态） 她收拾了几件自己的东西装进包里便离开了。 She packed her few belongings in a bag and left. 25 miserable /ˈmɪzrəbl/ adj.痛苦的;令人难受的 miserably adv. 痛苦地; 悲惨地 misery n.痛苦；悲惨 a miserable cold day 令人难受的寒冷天气 miserable housing conditions 恶劣的住房条件 make one’s life a misery 使某人遭殃/痛苦 put sb out of one’s misery 消除某人的忧虑 这部话剧是个可悲的失败。 The play was a miserable failure. 别让我着急了——我及不及格？ Put me out of my misery—did I pass or didn’t I ? 26 decent /ˈdiːsnt/ adj.相当不错的;正派的;得体的 decently adv.体面地；合适地 decency n.正派；体面；庄重 a decent meal/job/place to live 不错的饭菜/工作/住所 我需要好好地睡上一夜。 I need a decent night’s sleep. cosy /ˈkəʊzi/ adj.温馨的;舒适的（cozy） cosily adv.舒适地（cozily） cosiness n.舒适；安逸 （coziness） 27 selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj.自私的 selfishly adv.自私地 selfless adj.无私的 selfishness n.自私 selflessly adv.无私地 selflessness n.无私 selfish behavior 自私的行为 It is selfish of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事是自私的 他把所有的工作都推给你，真是自私。 It was selfish of him to leave all the work to you. 28 good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 be in a good/bad temper 脾气好/坏（状态） a short/quick temper 急性子 keep one’s temper 忍住脾气 lose one’s temper 发脾气 fly into a temper 勃然大怒 temper n.脾气;性情 形近：temple n.寺庙 孩子们淘气时，我强奈住性子不发脾气。 I struggle to keep my temper with the kids when they misbehave. 29 genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj.真正的;真诚的;可信赖的 genuinely adv.真诚地 近：sincerely/honestly a genuine person 诚实可信的人 genuine concern for others 对他人真诚的关心 仿造的设计师名牌手表以真品若干分之一的价格出售。 Fake designer watches are sold at a fraction of the price of the genuine article. 这幅画是毕加索的真迹吗？ Is the painting a genuine Picasso? 30 perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ n.毅力;韧性;不屈不挠的精神 persevere vi. 坚持；孜孜以求 perseverant adj.锲而不舍的 persevere in doing sth. 坚持做某事 persevere with/in sb./sth. 坚持…… show perseverance 展现毅力 决心、信心和毅力是成功的三大主要因素。 Determination, confidence and perseverance are the three main factors for success. 他孜孜不倦地学习小提琴。 He persevered with his violin lessons 31 resolve /rɪˈzɒlv/ vi.&vt.决定;决心;解决(问题或困难) n.决心;坚定的信念 resolution n. 决议；解决；坚定 表“解决”： solve, settle, address, work out, figure out resolve a problem/an issue/a conflict/a crisis 解决问题/冲突/危机 resolve to do sth. 决定做某事 resolve on sth / on doing sth 决定做某事 make a resolution to do sth. 决定做某事 他决定不告诉她真相。 He resolved not to tell her the truth. 32 cruel /ˈkruːəl/ adj.残酷的;残忍的;冷酷的 cruelty n.残忍，残酷，不公 cruelly adv.残酷地 It is cruel to do sth. 做某事是残酷的 be cruel to sb/sth 对某人/物残忍的 a cruel punishment 残酷的惩罚 a cruel joke 挖苦人的笑话 我们发誓要见恶除恶。 We have sworn to fight cruelty whenever we find it. 我无法忍受虐待动物的人。 I can’t stand people who are cruel to animals. 33 thorough /ˈθʌrə/ adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的 thoroughly adv.彻底地; 完全地 thoroughness n.彻底性；完全 形近：through/though/thought/throughout a thorough knowledge of… 对……了解透彻 carry out a thorough investigation 开展全面的调查 他对形势做了透彻的分析。 He made a very thorough analysis on the situation. 那份报告全面深入，给我留下了深刻的印象。 I was impressed by the thoroughness of the report. 34 furniture /ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/ n.家具（un.） furnish vt.为……配备家具；提供 furnished adj.配备家具的 a piece of furniture 一 件家具 a set of furniture 一套家具 be furnished/equipped with… 配备有…… furnish sb./sth with… 向某人/某物提供…… 这个房间摆放了古董。 The room was furnished with antiques. Tom 向他提供了与案件有关的事实。 Tom furnished him with the facts surrounding the case. 35 unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv.不幸地;遗憾地 fortunately/ˈfɔːtʃənətli/ adv. 幸运地 fortunate adj.幸运的 unfortunate adj.不幸的，遗憾的 fortune n.财富；运气 misfortune n.厄运；不幸 be unfortunate/fortunate to do sth. 做某事很幸运/不幸 make a fortune 发财 try one's fortune 碰运气 be/feel fortunate in doing sth. 在做某事方面很幸运 36 be fortunate to do fortunately adv.幸运地 __________________很幸运做某事 ___________ adj.幸运的;侥幸的;带来幸运的 ___________ adv.不幸地;遗憾地 ___________ n.财富;机会;运气 fortunate unfortunately fortune 【即学即练】 1) (unfortunate), the travellers ran into a snowstorm along the way. 2) I was late, but ( fortune) the meeting hadn't started. 3) She was fortunate ( find) a rare book she needed in the bookshop. 4) ________________, he made a big _________on his way to west. Unfortunately fortunately to find Unfortunately fortune damp /dæmp/ adj.潮湿的;湿气重的 damply adv.潮湿地 dampness n.潮湿 dampen v.弄湿 recreation /ˌrekriˈeɪʃn/ n.娱乐;消遣;游戏 recreational adj.娱乐的；消遣的 近：amusement/entertainment damp clothes 潮湿的衣服 a damp squib 令人失望/扫兴的事 38 guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n.指导;引导;导航 guide vt.指导,影响 n.旅游指南；导游 under one’s guidance =under the guidance of 在...的指导下 guidance on sth 关于……的指导 a guide to italy 意大利旅游指南 a guide to family health 家庭健康指南 guide sb. to sw. 给某人领路 小学生在作出选择时需要悉心指导。 Pupils will need careful guidance on their choice of options. 39 advertising /ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/ n.广告活动;广告业 advertise vt. & vi. 公布；宣传；做广告 advertiser n.广告商，广告公司 advertisement n.广告 an advertising brochure 广告宣传手册 advertise for... 为征求...而登广告 put/place an advertisement in the newspaper 在报纸上刊登广告 我们学校正在网上等广告要招聘一名英语老师。 Our school is advertising for an English teacher online. 40 corporate /ˈkɔːpərət/ adj.公司的;法人的;社团的 corporation n.公司；法人 形近：cooperate[kəʊˈɒpəreɪt] vi. 合作; 协助 corporate finance/strategy/identity/image 公司财务/战略/形象 multinational corporations 跨国公司 这树立起了一种强有力的公司形象。 This established a strong corporate image. 本法律既适用于个人也适用于法人团体。 The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies. 41 rough /rʌf/ adj.汹涌的;粗糙的;粗略的 roughly adv. 大约; 粗暴地 Roughness n.粗糙；凹凸不平 形近：tough [tʌf] adj. 艰难的/棘手的 navigate v.导航；确定（船、汽车等）的位置 navigation [ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn] n.导航; 领航; 航行 navigator n.领航员；航行者 /ˈnævɪɡeɪtə/ rough ground 高低不平的地面 a rough deal 不公平的待遇 42 loyal /ˈlɔɪəl/ adj.忠诚的;忠实的 be loyal to… 对……忠诚 a loyal friend/supporter 忠实的朋友/支持者 反：disloyal adj.不忠诚的 loyally adv.忠诚地；诚实地 loyalty n.忠诚；衷心；忠实 他一直是我们大家忠实的朋友。 He’d always been such a loyal friend to us all. 她总是信守自己的政治原则。 She has always remained loyal to her political principles. 43 give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) give out 发出/分发；公布；用尽 give in 屈服、让步； 上交 give up 投降；放弃；让出 give away 泄露；赠送；丧失 give way to ... 给...让路；向...让步 汽车每天释放出很多有害气体。 Cars give off much poisonous gas every day. 他应该让位于更年轻、更有决断力的领导者。 He should give way to a younger, more decisive leader. 44 【即学即练】 1) When rubbish is burned, it will large quantities of carbon dioxide. 2) Be careful not to personal information like your ID number. 3) The argument went on for hours because neither side would . 4) There were people at the entrance leaflets. 5) My father decided to smoking because it did a lot of harm to his health. give off give away give in giving out give up commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ n.承诺;保证;奉献 commit vt. 犯罪；承诺，保证 committed adj.尽心尽力的，坚定的 commit an error/a crime/suicide 犯错/犯罪/自杀 commit oneself to (doing) sth. 专心致志于;承诺/保证(做)某事 = be committed to (doing) sth. 承诺/全身心地投入(做) 某事 她现在把全部心思都放在乐队上。 She was now committed to the band, body and soul. 上周，当地政府已经承诺通过采取严厉的措施改善空气质量。 Last week, the local government made a commitment to improve air quality by taking strict measures. 46 【即学即练】 1) As for my major, I will choose Medicine,which, I know, is a long-term (commit)and a decision. 2) Jack was a good man who ( commit) to his family as well as to his work. 3) The Canadian government is committed to ( advance) the equality in the use of English and French. 4.总理向全国人民承诺将会采取措施控制二氧化碳的排放量。 The Prime Minister that he would _________________ control the emission of carbon dioxide. commitment was committed advancing made a commitment to the nation take measures to motive /ˈməʊtɪv/ n.动机;原因;目的 motivate v. 使有动机；激发积极性；刺激 motivation n.动力，诱因；积极性 a motive for (doing) sth. 做某事的动机 motivate sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 这起谋杀案似乎没有什么动机。 There seemed to be no motive for the murder. 这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。 The plan is designed to motivate employees to work efficiently. 48 Unit 4 Thank You！ (words and expressions) $