Unit 7 词汇课件 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级上册

Vocabularies Unit 7 The nature world 1 Unit 7 1. coral n. 珊瑚;珊瑚虫;珊瑚礁 The water is clear and you can see the colorful coral below. 水很清澈,你能看到水下色彩斑斓的珊瑚。 2. reef n. [c] 礁;礁石 Ships must be careful to avoid hitting hidden reefs. 船只必须小心避开暗礁。 coral vs. reef: coral 侧重 “珊瑚本身”(生物或物质) 如:The coral is white and soft. 这珊瑚又白又软。 reef 侧重 “礁石”(由珊瑚、岩石等构成的水下地形),常与 coral 搭配为 coral reef珊瑚礁,如:We swam near a small reef. 我们在一个小礁石附近游泳。 3. penguin n. [c] 企鹅(生活在南极及南半球海域的不会飞的海鸟) Penguins and polar bears never meet in the wild. 企鹅和北极熊在野外从未相遇过。 Seals and penguins are both common in Antarctic waters. 海豹和企鹅在南极海域都很常见。 4. ecosystem n. [c] 生态系统(生物群落及其生存环境相互作用构成的统一整体,如海洋生态系统、森林生态系统) marine ecosystem 海洋生态系统 Each plant and animal plays a role in the ecosystem. 每种动植物在生态系统中都扮演着重要角色。 常见句型:It’s crucial to protect the + 具体生态系统 + because... 保护某生态系统至关重要,因为…… 如:It’s crucial to protect the coral reef ecosystem because it supports so many marine lives. 保护珊瑚礁生态系统至关重要,因为它维系着众多海洋生物的生存。 ecosystem=eco+system eco-(生态的,前缀) eco-friendly adj. 环保的;对生态友好的 5. rainfall n. [u] 降雨量;降雨 average rainfall 平均降雨量 annual rainfall 年降雨量 This year’s rainfall is much lower than usual, leading to drought. 今年的降雨量比往年少得多,导致了干旱。 6. climate n. [u] 气候 climate change 气候变化 climate crisis 气候危机 affect the climate 影响气候 change the climate 改变气候 adapt to the climate 适应气候 Plants and animals need to adapt to the local climate to survive. 动植物需要适应当地气候才能生存。 7. wetland n. 湿地;沼泽地 desert n. 沙漠 / dez t/ wetland reserve 湿地保护区 destroy wetlands 破坏湿地 restore wetlands 恢复湿地 Wetlands are full of water and plants. 湿地水资源丰富,植物繁茂。 8. include v. 包括;包含 include A in/into B 把 A 包含在 B 中 主动语态 A is included in/into B A 被包含在 B 中 被动语态 用法注意:include 是及物动词,后直接接宾语,不能说 “include in sth.” 正:We include this rule in the plan. 我们把这条规则纳入计划。) 误:We include in the plan. This book includes information about penguins and their living habits. 这本书包含了关于企鹅及其生活习性的信息。 including prep. 包括…… 在内 后接名词 / 代词,用于补充列举 如:Many animals, including pandas, are endangered. We have many hobbies, including _(read) and _(swim). 完成教辅P93知识点1例1 9. non-living adj. 非生物的;无生命的 living adj. 有生命的,活着的 non-living things 非生物 non-living factors 非生物因素 An ecosystem is made up of living things and non-living things. 生态系统由生物和非生物组成。 相同构词法: non- + violent = non-violent adj. 非暴力的 non- + native = non-native adj. 非本地的;非本土的 10. pond n. [c] 池塘 There are several small ponds in the wetland. 湿地里有几个小池塘。 pool n. [c] 小水坑、游泳池、水池 11. around adv. The children are running around in the park. 四处;到处 It costs around 100 yuan.大约;大概 Turn around and let me see your back.旋转;转过来 prep. There are many trees around the lake.在…… 周围;环绕 People around the world love peace.遍及;在…… 各处 12. hold v. 拿住;握住;抱住 过去式:held She held her mother’s hand tightly when crossing the street. 举办;召开(会议、活动等) Our school will hold an English speech contest next week. 容纳;装得下 This big box can hold all of your books. The heavy rain held up the traffic for more than an hour. 完成教辅P93知识点2例2 look around 环顾四周 walk around 四处走动 around the corner 即将来临;在拐角处 The final exam is around the corner, so we should start reviewing right now. hold on 等一下;坚持住 hold a meeting 开会 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 hold up 举起,延迟,阻碍 13. return v. 归还,退还;返回,回到;恢复,重新出现 You must return the library books on time. She returned to her hometown after finishing college. The warm weather will return next week. n.归还,退回;返回;归来 The return of the stolen money made her very happy. We are looking forward to his return from abroad. return to sp. 回到某地 return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人 in return 作为回报 完成教辅P93知识点3例3 14. get rid of sth. 摆脱;除去;处理掉 She tried her best to get rid of the bad habit of staying up late. We need to get rid of the old furniture in the room before moving in. The shopkeeper wanted to get rid of the man. 15. prevent v. 阻止;防止;预防 prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 We should prevent children from playing on the road. prevent sth. 防止某事发生 Regular exercise can prevent many diseases. take measures to prevent 采取措施预防 完成教辅P94知识点4例4 16. store vt. 储存;储藏 We store food in the fridge to keep it fresh. n. 商店;店铺 My mother often buys vegetables in the small store near our home. 17. sponge [c]n. 海绵;海绵块 She used a clean sponge to wash the dishes. 18. act v. 行动,做事;扮演(戏剧、电影中的角色);表现,举止 We must act at once to solve the problem. She acted the role of Juliet in the school play. He acted bravely when he saw the fire. take action (to do sth.) 采取行动(做某事)(注意:action 是 act 的名词形式) 19. kidney [c]n. 肾脏 Humans usually have two kidneys in their bodies. donate a kidney 捐献肾脏 20. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 Plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. reduce carbon dioxide 减少二氧化碳 21. trap v. 使陷入险境,困住;使上当,诱骗 过去式 :trapped Don’t be trapped by his sweet words. The heavy snow trapped many travelers on the road. n. 陷阱,罗网;困境,圈套 The hunter set a trap to catch the fox. She found herself in a trap and couldn’t get out. trap sb. in... 把某人困在…… 里 fall into a trap 落入圈套 22. therefore adv. 因此 He didn’t study hard. Therefore, he failed the exam. therefore 是正式用语,多用于书面语和较正式的口语。 so 是口语化表达,用法更灵活,可直接连接两个句子。 It rained heavily, so we canceled the picnic.(口语) It rained heavily. Therefore, we canceled the picnic.(正式【作文】) therefore 是副词,不能直接用逗号连接两个完整句子 23. lung n. [c] 肺 Smoking is bad for your lungs and can cause serious diseases. Fish don’t have lungs; they breathe with gills instead. lung cancer 肺癌 liver n. [c] 肝脏 24. sadly adv. 不幸地,悲伤地[情感难过] Sadly, we couldn’t finish the project on time. unfortunately adv. 不幸地[客观不幸] Unfortunately, the flight was canceled. 25. ton n. 吨 The heavy stone weighs about one ton. tons of n. ([c]/[u]) 大量....... I have tons of homework to finish tonight. 26. harm v. 伤害;危害 Don’t harm the little animals in the park. harm sb./sth. 伤害某人 / 某物 = do harm to sb./sth. 对…… 造成伤害 n. 伤害;损害 Too much screen time will do harm to your eyes. harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to sb./sth. Smoking is harmful to your lungs. harmless adj. 无害的;无恶意的 a harmless joke 一个无恶意的玩笑 完成教辅P94知识点4例4 27. wildlife n.(无复数形式,表总称)野生生物;野生动物 wildlife reserve 野生动物保护区 28. topic n. [c] 话题 The topic of our group discussion is "online shopping". theme n. [c] 主旨 The theme of this novel is love and friendship. 29. quite a few 相当多,不少 quite a few 语气更强,强调数量 “相当多”。 a few 语气较弱,仅指数量 “有几个”。 例:I have a few friends here.(有几个) 例:I have quite a few friends here.(相当多) quite adv. 相当;很;颇(用于修饰形容词或副词,程度介于 very 和 a little 之间) She sings quite well. quite + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 That is quite a difficult question. quiet adj. 安静的 30. sandy adj. 铺满沙子的 We walked on the sandy beach for an hour. 31. noisy adj. 吵闹的;聒噪的;充满噪音的 noisy children 吵闹的孩子 noisy environment 嘈杂的环境 noisily adv. 吵闹地 They talked noisily during the class. noise n. 噪音;喧闹声 32. system n. [c] 系统,体系 the solar system 太阳系 a computer system 计算机系统 The human body has a complex system of organs. 33. cause n. [c] 原因,理由 the cause of …… 的起因 = the reason for……的原因 The cause of the fire is still unknown. v. 引起;导致 cause trouble 惹麻烦 cause damage 造成损害 Smoking can cause many serious diseases. 34. damage v. /n.[u] 损害;损坏 do damage to 对…… 造成损害=be harmful to sb./sth.= do harm to sb./sth. damage the environment 破坏环境 damage one’s reputation 损害名誉 The heavy rain damaged many houses in the village. destroy v. 彻底毁坏 35. north-east n./adj./adv. 东北;东北部(指方向或地区) The city lies in the north-east of our country. 东北部的;朝东北的 We took a trip to the north-east coast last summer. 向东北 The river flows north-east for 200 kilometers. 36. cover n. [c] 盖子;掩护,遮蔽物 The cover of this book is very beautiful. The soldiers hid under the cover of the trees. v. 覆盖,遮盖;(钱)足够支付 The scholarship can cover my tuition fees. 37. rare adj. 稀罕的,珍贵的,罕见的;(肉)半熟的 Pandas are rare animals in the world. He likes his steak rare. 38. red-crowned crane n. [c] 生态系统 回忆king kingdom empire The red-crowned crane is one of the rarest birds in China. We should take action to save the red-crowned cranes. 39. daytime n. [u] 白天;日间 in the daytime at night We usually have classes in the daytime and do homework at night. 40. lead v. 导致 过去式:led lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某地 lead to 导致;通向 She led us to the nature reserve yesterday. Hard work leads to success. n. 领导,榜样;铅 take the lead 带头;领先 注意:动词和名词的发音不同, 动词读 /li d/,名词读 /led/。 41. mud n. [u] 泥 注意:该词为不可数名词,不能直接加 s。表示 “一块泥” 时用 a piece of mud。 get stuck in the mud 陷在泥里 covered with mud 沾满泥 The red-crowned crane walked carefully on the mud. muddy adj. 泥泞的;浑浊的 a muddy road 一条泥泞的路 42. create v. 创造;创作;创建 create sth. 创造某物 create a new world 创造一个新世界 create a project 创建一个项目 creative adj. 有创造力的 creation n. 创造;作品 This beautiful painting is the artist’s creation. create 强调 “从无到有地创造”,make 侧重 “通过制作得到物品” 43. set up 建立 = establish My father helped me set up my new computer yesterday. 注意:该短语为 “动词 + 副词” 结构,宾语为代词时要放在中间 例:set it up 把它建立/安装好 put up 张贴、搭建 put up a poster 贴海报 wake up 醒来;叫醒 look up 查阅(字典、资料);向上看 pick up 捡起;拾起;(开车)接人 44. balanced adj. 平衡的;均衡的 由动词 balance(使平衡)+ 后缀 -ed 构成形容词。 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 a balanced life 平衡的生活 keep a balanced mind 保持平和的心态 It’s important for us to have a balanced diet every day. unbalanced adj. 失衡的;不均衡的 45. project n. [c] 项目;工程;课题 Our group is working on a project about wild animals. 我们小组正在做一个关于野生动物的课题。 46. knowledge n. [u] 生态系统 a piece of knowledge 一种知识 gain knowledge 获取知识 have a good knowledge of 精通;熟知 spread knowledge 传播知识 We can gain a lot of knowledge from books. She has a good knowledge of English history. knowledgeable adj. 博学的;知识渊博的 a knowledgeable teacher 47. wastewater n. [u] 废水 recycle wastewater 回收废水 48. environment-friendly adj. 环保的;对环境无害的 Riding bikes to school is an environment-friendly way of traveling. do harm/damage to the environment=environmentally harmful 49. sir n. 先生 Can I help you, sir? madam n. 女士 Excuse me, madam. lady gentleman 50. kill v. [c] 杀死;弄死;使停止;消磨(时间) kill time 消磨时间 It is illegal to kill red-crowned cranes in China. 在中国捕杀丹顶鹤是违法的。 We usually play games to kill time on rainy days. 下雨天我们通常玩游戏消磨时间。 注意:口语中 kill 可表示 “使难受、使痛苦” 例:The headache is killing me. 头疼死我了。 51. solve v. 解决;解答侧重解决具体、客观的难题=work out solve a problem/math question/puzzle解开一个谜题 We need to work together to solve the environmental problem. 我们需要合作解决这个环境问题。 Tom spent ten minutes solving this difficult problem.汤姆花了十分钟解开这道难题。 solution n. 解决方案 resolution n. 决心;决定 a New Year’s resolution 新年决心 resolve v. 决心;解决 侧重解决抽象、主观的矛盾或下定决心 52. environmental adj. 环境的;有关环境的 Everyone should take part in environmental protection. 每个人都应该参与到环境保护中来。 We need to find ways to solve these environmental problems. 我们需要找到解决这些环境问题的方法。 environmentally harmful $