Unit 7 The natural world 课件 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语上册

The natural world 主讲教师:马漂亮 八 上 U 7 welcome 01 1、Coral reefs look like rocks,but they support a lot of life in just a small area. 珊瑚看起来像岩石,但它们在一块区域内维系着大量生命。 support ①vt 维持,养活,支持,维护 The environment of Mars could not support life. ② un 支持 support for…对。。。的支持 with/without one’s support 在某人的支持下/没有某人的支持 in support of sb/sth 支持某人/某事 She spoke in support of Tom’s plan. 2、The polar ice is home to animals like polar bears and penguins. 极地冰原是北极熊和企鹅等动物的家园。 be home to 是。。的栖息地/家园,是。。的所在地 This small town is home to the famous poet. at home 在家里 make yourself at home 请随便,别拘礼 make somebody feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 3、Yes,the climate in deserts is so awful that only a few animals and plants can live there. 是的,沙漠的气候非常恶劣,只有少数动植物能够在那里存活。 so…that… 如此。。以至于。。。 ①so+adj/adv+that 从句 It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game. ②so+many/much/few/little(少)+n+that 从句 There are so many people in the hall that we can’t find a seat. ③so+adj+a/an+cn单数+that从句 This is so difficult a problem that few students can work it out. such+n+that… reading 02 1、An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. 生态系统包括一个区域内所有的生物和非生物。 include vt①包括,包含 Does the price include pastage(邮费)? ②将。。列为。。的一部分,把。。算入 You should include some examples in your article. included adj 包括在内的,无比较级 Everyone laughed ,me included. including 介词 包括 包含在内 The whole family will tour some big cities,including Beijing and Shanghai. 1、An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. 生态系统包括一个区域内所有的生物和非生物。 living ①adj 活着的,活的,现存的,在使用的 living things 生物 The living plants make the room look nice. ②生计,生活方式,活着的人 make a living 谋生 She earns her living by selling handicrafts. non-living adj 非生物的,无生命的 2、It covers around 71% of the earth’s surface and produces about 70% of the earth’s oxygen. 它覆盖了地球约71%的表面,产生了地球上约70%的氧气。 around ①adv 大约 =about We reached Beijing around eight o‘clock in the morning. ②adv周围 附近 I could hear laughter(笑声) all around. ③介词 在。。周围,到处,围绕,绕着 He and his parents are going to travel around Beijing this summer. 3、It holds plenty of salt water,and the water rises to the sky,falls onto the lands and then returns to the ocean. 它(海洋)容纳大量海水,水分升上天空,落到陆地上,然后流回海洋。 hold vt (held,held) ①容纳,包含The classroom can hold over 100 students. ②举行 召开 hold an event/a party/a competition hold the sports meeting 举行运动会 ③拿着,握住 He was holding his father’s hand. ④使保持(在某位置),支撑。。的重量 Hold your head up. 3、It holds plenty of salt water,and the water rises to the sky,falls onto the lands and then returns to the ocean. 它(海洋)容纳大量海水,水分升上天空,落到陆地上,然后流回海洋。 raise表示人为的某物上升,raise hands举手,提高价格raise price ,养育孩子raise children rise 表示自然地上升,价格上涨 price rise,太阳升起the sun rises rise(rose,risen) vi 升起,增加,提高 后不接宾语 raise(raised,raised) vt 抬起,举起,提起 后接宾语 3、It holds plenty of salt water,and the water rises to the sky,falls onto the lands and then returns to the ocean. 它(海洋)容纳大量海水,水分升上天空,落到陆地上,然后流回海洋。 return ①vi 返回,回去,回来=come/go back return from… 从。。回来 return to sp 回到某地 return 不和back 一起连用 ②vi 恢复,重现 There is a chance the cancer will return. ③vt,回报,回应 teturn a smile/greeting 回报以微笑/问候 She phoned him several times but he was too busy to return her call. ④n 回来,归来,返回 I was a bit bored after my return from the holiday. 4、This goes on and on ,so the ocean is just like the “heart”of the earth . 这个过程循环往复,所以海洋就如同地球之“心”。 go on ①(情况,形式)继续下去,持续 We hope the nice weather will go on for the weekend picnic. ②继续(做某事)go on doing sth 继续做正在做的事 go on to do sth 继续做另一件事 ③(灯)亮,通(电),开始运行 (反义词 go off) The light goes on. ④(时间)流逝,过去 As time goes on,we will understand the importance of health. ⑤发生,进行 What’s going on here? 5、Plants in wetlands help get rid of pollution and make the water clean. 湿地中的植物有助于去除污染,净化水质。 get rid of 清除,摆脱 We should get rid of the rubbish in time. I want to get rid of these old clothes. 6、Wetlands can also help prevent floods. 湿地还能帮助防洪。 prevent vt 防止 阻止 prevent sth 预防/阻止某事/物 We should take action to prevent pollution. prevent …from doing sth 阻止。。。做某事 These difficulties never prevented her from following her dreams. 7、During heavy rains,wetlands store water like giant spongs. 暴雨期间,湿地像巨大的海绵块一样储存水分。 store ①vt 贮存,贮藏,保存 People often store food in the fridge summer. ②vt 存储,记忆 store data/information 存储数据/信息 ③cn 商店,储备,贮存物 I bought two pens at the store. a store of wood 木料储备 8、They act like the “kidneys” of the earth. 它们就像地球之“肾”。 act ①vi 充当,起作用,行动 act as 担任,充当,起。。。作用 act to do sth 采取行动做某事 The government should act to protect the environment. ②v 扮演,表演 act out 将。。表演出来 I think he acted better tonight. Let’s act out the story . ③n 表演者 He is the most talented act in our class. 9、Forests make up nearly a third of the earth’s land area. 森林占地球陆地面积的近三分之一。 make up ①形成,构成 be made up of 由。。组成/构成 The team is made up of ten players. ②编造(故事,谎言等) Don’t make things up.不要再编造了。 ③化妆 She spent an hour making up before going out. 分数表达法:分子用基数词,写在前面,分母用序数词,写在后面。当分子大于一时,分母加s。 one third three fifths 10、Plants there take in carboon dioxide from the air and produce oxygen. 那里的植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气。 take in ①吸收 吸入 Fish take in oxygen through their gills. ②理解 领会 It took me a while to take in what he was saying. take down 拆除 记录 take after (外貌或行为)像(父或母) take away 拿走 拿开 take off 脱掉 起飞 take out 取出 take up 开始做,占据 11、Therefore,people often call forests the “lungs” of the earth. 因此,人们常把森林称之为地球之“肺”。 therefore adv 因此 所以 The weather was bad.Therefore,we decided to stay at home. 12、Welcome to Science with Doctor Ted . 欢迎来到“泰德博士讲科学”。 welcome to 欢迎来到(某地);欢迎参加(某活动) Welcome to our city! welcome 单独使用,表达欢迎之意。 Welcome !Sit down ,please. 13、It plays an important role in slowing down climate change. 它在减缓气候变化方面发挥着重要作用。 play a role 发挥作用,有影响 play a role in … 在。。方面起作用/有影响 Schools play an important role in education. play the role of …扮演。。的角色 He will play the role of a teacher in the movie. slow down (使)减缓;(使)减速;(使)慢下来 You should slow down when you drive on a wet road. Slow down,You are talking too fast. 14、Sadly,we’re facing a serious problem with ocean pollution. 不幸的是,我们正面临着海洋污染这一严重问题。 sadly adv不幸地 悲伤地 more sadly most sadly sad adj sadness n Sadly ,he failed the exam again. 15、There are millions of tons of plastic in the ocean and it’s very difficult to get rid of it. 海洋中有数百万吨塑料,而且很难去除它。 ton n 吨 tons of 许多,很多=a lot of/ lots of There are tons of books in the library. 16、If we don’t ,the plastic will harm the balance of the ocean ecosystem. 如果我们不这样做,塑料将会损害海洋生态系统的平衡。 harm ①vt 伤害 损害 He would never harm anyone. ②un 伤害 损害 do harm to 对。。有害 Bad living habits do harm to your health. harmful adj 有害的 harmless adj 无害的 be harmful/harmless to 对。。有害/无害 Juice can be harmful to children’s teeth. grammar 03 一、动词以及基本句型(u7合并到u6). 1、有些及物动词后面可以跟两个宾语,通常情况下一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。这类动词结构是:S+V+IO+DO He passes me a notebook. Her mother bought her a small bed. She showed us some photos. =She showed some photos to us. 2、有些及物动词后常跟宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语的行为或状态等。这样的句子结构是:S+V+DO+OC The news made the old woman sad. 宾语补足语常由adj、n、介词短语、v-ing 、v-ed、不定式等形式充当。 二、并列连词and,but,or和so. We are singing and dancing. Do you go to school by bus or on foot? Be careful,or you will cut your finger. It was late,so I went home. and 和,又 表示并列关系 表示顺承关系 but 但是 表示转折关系,所连接的成分在意义上往往相反或相对 or 或者 表示选择关系 否则 表示与上文条件相反的结果 so 因此,所以 表示因果关系,常用来连接两个简单句 二、并列连词and,but,or和so. ①表示“和”的意思时,and通常用于肯定句中,or用于否定句和疑问句中。但在否定句中,如果所连接的两部分都有否定词,则用and。 He doesn’t like black or blue. The robot has no eyes and no ears. ②and 和or还可以构成句型“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”,表示在以祈使句为条件下的假设或相反的假设,意为“。。。,就/否则。。。” Start off now,and you will see him. Get up early tomorrow,or you will miss the early train. ③because 和so不能连用。 1、Quite a few desert plants also give animals food . 相当多的沙漠植物也为动物提供食物。 quite a few 相当多,不少 用于修饰可数名词复数。 There are quite a few students playing on the playground. 2、The deep ocean isn’t warm,bright or noisy. 深海不暖和、不明亮,也不嘈杂。 noisy adj 充满噪声的,吵闹的 It was so noisy that I could not hear myself speak. noise n 噪声 make a noise/make noises 制造噪声 Word power 04 1、The ocean water is becoming dirtier because of different human activities. 由于人类的各种活动,海水正变得更脏,这导致珊瑚慢慢地死亡。 cause ①vt 使发生,造成,导致 尤指不好的事情 =lead to cause sb to do sth 使某人做某事 His illness caused him to miss the match. ②cn 原因 理由 the cause of … 。。。的原因 =the reason for The heavy rain is the cause of his being late. 2、What’s more,climate change is greatly damaging the ocean’s environment. 此外,气候变化极大地破坏着海洋环境。 damage ①v 损害 毁坏 Several cars were damaged in the accident. ②un 损坏 损失 损害 The storm didn’t do much damage. Integration 05 1、Zhalong Nature Reserve is in Heilongjiang Province in the north-east of China. 扎龙自然保护区位于中国东北部的黑龙江省。 in the north-east of 在。。的东北部 in the +表方向的词+of 表示方位结构 Shenyang is in the north-east of China. east 东 west 西 south 南 north 北 south-east 东南 south-west 西南 north-west 西北 north-east 东北 Beijing is in the north of China. 2、The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife. 这片区域为许多野生动物提供食物和栖息地。 cover ①un un 躲避处,避难所,庇护所 Everyone ran for cover when it started to rain. ②cn 罩子 盖子 封面 There is a dust cover over the painting. ③vt 范围为,占 cover an area of… 占地面积为。。 It covers an area of 14000 square kilometers. ④vt 覆盖 掩盖 cover… with sth 用某物把。。覆盖,be covered with .. 被覆盖 ⑤vt 包括 涉及 The book covers eight units. 3、Many birds live in Zhalong all year round,while some go there only for a short stay. 许多鸟类常年栖息在扎龙,而有些鸟类去那里只是短暂停留。 all year round 全年,一年到头 The weather here is warm all year round. all day long 一整天 全天 all night long 整夜,通宵 all summer long 整个夏天,一整个夏季 4、This will lead to less space for wildlife . 这将导致野生动植物的(生存)空间越来越少。 lead to ①导致 =cause/ result in/bring about This will lead to many problems in the future. ②lead v led led 造成(后果),导致,领导,带领 lead sb to do sth 导致/促使某人做某事 Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems. That led me to think that the girl was ill. leader n 领导者 5、Governments can do this by creating laws to stop people from_on wetlands,to reduce the number of tourists visiting them and to make sure visitors _while they are there. 政府可以通过制定法律来做到这一点,这些法律旨在阻止人们在湿地上_、减少参观湿地的游客数量并确保游客在湿地时_。 create ①vt 创建,创造,创作 They created a new company. ②vt 造成 引起 产生(感觉或印象) They’ve painted it red to create a feeling of warmth. creation cn 创造物,作品un 创造 创作 creator cn 创造者 creative adj 有创造力的 6、They can set up _to help keep the wetlands free from pollution,make sure the tourists are_when they visit and plant wetland trees to keep the _balanced. 他们可以成立_来帮助保护湿地免受污染的危害,确保游客参观时_,并种植湿地树木以保持_平衡。 set up 建立,创建,开办,设置,安装 They set up a new school in the village. balanced adj ①保持平衡的;均衡的 a balanced diet 均衡饮食 Nature is perfectly balanced. 6、They can set up _to help keep the wetlands free from pollution,make sure the tourists are_when they visit and plant wetland trees to keep the _balanced. 他们可以成立_来帮助保护湿地免受污染的危害,确保游客参观时_,并种植湿地树木以保持_平衡。 ②客观公正的 a balanced review 一个客观公正的评论 balance v 使保持平衡 n 均衡 平衡 It’s important to balancec work and life. =It’s important to keep work and life in balance. unbalanced adj 不持平的,失衡的 an unbalanced diet 不均衡的饮食 7、Well,we should not throw rubbish in forest. 嗯,我们不应该在森林里扔垃圾。 throw v threw thrown 扔 掷 投 throw at 向。。。扔(恶意,带攻击性) throw to扔给。。。(不含恶意) throw away 扔掉 丢弃 Don’t throw it to him,pass it to him!别扔给他,递给他! Please throw away the rubbish before it starts to smell. 8、Volunteer to help 自愿提供帮助 volunteer ①v 志愿做 义务做 volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事 Last summer I volunteered at a local hospital. ②cn 志愿者 I want to be a volunteer to help the homeless people. voluntary adj 义务的 志愿的 do some voluntary work做一些志愿工作 9、We can help solve the problems. 我们能够帮助解决这些问题。 solve vt 解决 解答 常跟problem He finally solved the problem. solution n 解决方案 重点词组和句型 06 1 half of 一半的。。。 16 make up 构成,形成 2 look like 看起来像 17 a third of… 三分之一的。。 3 between …and… 在。。和。。之间 18 take in 吸收,吸入 4 be home to 是。。的栖息地 19 clean the air 清洁空气 5 so …that… 如此。。以至于。。 20 millions of 数百万的,大量的 6 get…from…从。。得到/获取。。 21 talk to sb about sth和某人谈论某事 7 all the living and non-living things 所有的生物和非生物 22 welcome to 欢迎来到(某地);欢迎参加(某活动) 8 be of different sizes 大小各异 23 produce …for… 为。。生产/制造。。 9 from…to…从。。到。。 24 What’s more 此外,而且 10 have a role to play 发挥作用,有责任 25 play an important role in 在。。方面起重要作用 11 on earth 在地球上,究竟 26 slow down (使)减缓,(使)减速,(使)慢下来 12 plenty of =a lot of /lots of 许多,大量 27 climate change 气候变化 13 return to 回到 28 face a serious proble 面临一个严重问题 14 go on (情况、形势)继续下去,持续 29 take action 采取行动 15 get rid of 清除,摆脱 30 too much 太多 31 all year round 全年 46 make sure 确保 32 feed on (动物)以。。为食,靠。。为生 47 set up 建立,创建 33 quite a few 相当多,不少 48 keep … free from… 保护。。免受。。的伤害 34 hear about 听说 49 ask for 请求 35 be worried about 为。。担心,担忧。。 50 work as 担任,以。。身份工作 36 because of 因为,由于 51 37 human activities 人类活动 38 more and more 越来越多的。。 39 pay attention to 关注,注意 40 find ways to do sth 找到做某事的方法 41 in the north-east of.. 在。。的东北部 42 live in+地点 生活在。。 43 lead to 导致 44 bring trouble to 给。。带来麻烦 45 the number of… 。。的数量 重点知识点整合 07 1、help (to)do sth 帮助做某事 2、百分数+of+n/代词 百分之。。的。。 3、call sb/sth…称呼某人/某物 4、give sth to sb=give sb sth 给某人某物 5、provide sth for sb=provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物 6、one of +the+adj最高级+cns 最。。的。。之一 7、in order to do sth 为了做某事 8、encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 9、volunteer to do sth 自愿做某事,主动提出做某事 10、offer sb sth 给某人提供某物 11、there is /are… 有。。 12、It’s +adj+to do sth 做某事是。。的 13、If we don’t…,…will… 如果我们不。。。,。。。将。。。 14、It’s a good idea to do sth.做某事是个好主意 $