内容正文:
Unit 4
1. a good read 一本好书;值得一读的读物
This book is really a good read. 这本书真是一本好书。
考点 固定短语,read 此处为名词,意为读物
2. fiction n. 小说;虚构的文学作品
science fiction 科幻小说
I like reading fiction better than history.
比起历史,我更喜欢读小说。
→novel n. 长篇小说
3. non-fiction n. 非虚构作品;纪实文学
non-fiction books 纪实书籍
read non-fiction 阅读纪实作品
I prefer non-fiction because it tells true stories.
我更喜欢纪实作品,因为它讲述真实故事。
4. make up 编造;组成;弥补;化妆
He made up a funny story. 他编了一个有趣的故事。
Ten players make up a team. 十名队员组成一个队。
She likes to make up before going out. 她出门前喜欢化妆。
make up one's mind 下定决心
I have made up my mind to study hard. 我已经下定决心努力学习。
make up for 弥补
I must work hard to make up for lost time. 我必须努力学习弥补失去的时间。
→make-up n. 化妆品
wear make-up 化妆
She wears little make-up. 她很少化妆。
5. novel n. 长篇小说 adj. 新颖的;与众不同的
a historical novel 历史小说 read a novel 读长篇小说
She is reading a wonderful novel. 她正在读一本精彩的长篇小说。
a novel idea 一个新颖的想法
He has a novel way to solve the problem. 他有一种新颖的方法解决这个问题。
novel 是具体的长篇小说,可数
fiction 是虚构文学总称,不可数
6. crash v. 碰撞;撞击;坠毁
crash into 撞上
The car crashed into a tree. 汽车撞到了树上。
crash down 坠落
n. 碰撞;坠毁;相撞事故
a car crash 车祸 a plane crash 飞机失事
There was a serious car crash yesterday.
昨天发生了一起严重车祸。
7. be tired out 筋疲力尽;疲惫不堪
be/feel tired out (感到)筋疲力尽
After doing housework all day, she was tired out.
做了一整天家务后,她筋疲力尽了。
强调极度疲劳= very tired
be tired of 厌倦 对…… 厌烦
be tired of doing sth 厌烦做某事
8. stomach n. 胃;腹部
have a stomachache 胃痛
in the stomach 在腹部
Eating too much is bad for your stomach. 吃太多对你的胃不好。
→throat n. 喉咙→lung n. 肺
9. fall over 摔倒;跌倒;向前倒下
fall over sth 被某物绊倒
The little boy ran too fast and fell over.这个小男孩跑得太快,摔倒了。
She fell over a chair and hurt her leg.她被椅子绊倒,伤了腿。
→fall off 从…… 跌落
He fell off the bike yesterday.他昨天从自行车上跌落了。
→fall down 跌倒
The baby fell down on the floor.宝宝跌倒在地板上。
→fall behind 落后
If you don’t work hard, you will fall behind.
如果你不努力学习,就会落后。
10. continue v. 继续;持续
continue doing sth 继续做同一件事
continue to do sth 接着做另一件事
continue with sth 继续某事
Let's continue working. 让我们继续工作。
After resting, he continued to walk. 休息后,他接着走路。
→to be continued 未完待续
The story is to be continued. 这个故事未完待续。
11. either adv. 也(仅用于否定句末;肯定句用 too)
not...either 也不
I don't like swimming. I don't like running either. 我不喜欢游泳,我也不喜欢跑步。
adj. 两者中的任何一个
either book 两本书中的任意一本 either side 两边中的任意一边
You can sit on either side of the street. 你可以坐在街道的任意一边。
conj. either...or... 要么…… 要么……遵循就近原则
Either you or I am wrong. 要么你错,要么我错。
12. break free 挣脱;摆脱;获得自由
break free from 从…… 挣脱
break free from control 摆脱控制
The bird broke free from the cage.小鸟从笼子里挣脱了出来。
He tried to break free from bad habits.他努力摆脱坏习惯。
=get rid of=escape from逃跑、逃生(侧重危险)
13. pull v. 拉;拖;拽;抽出 →drag v. 拖
pull out 拔出;抽出
pull up (车)停下
pull into (车)驶入
pull sb up 把某人拉起
pull the door 拉门
Don't pull the door. Please push it.不要拉门,请推门。
He pulled out a pen from his pocket.他从口袋里抽出一支笔。
14. rope n.[c] 绳子;绳索
pull the rope 拉绳子
He pulled the rope to help the boy. 他拉绳子帮助那个男孩。
tie with a rope 用绳子捆
The dog is tied with a rope. 这条狗被绳子拴着。
rope ladder 绳梯
→string 细绳 thread 线
15. army n. 军队;陆军;大批
join the army 参军
He wants to join the army when he grows up.他长大后想参军。
serve in the army 在军队服役
army 指军队整体,soldier 指士兵个人
16. straight adj. & adv. 直的;笔直的
straight hair 直发
go straight 直走 Go straight and you'll see the library. 直走你就会看到图书馆。
17. whom pron. 谁(who 的宾格)
ask whom 问谁
with whom 和谁
to whom 对谁
Whom are you waiting for? 你在等谁?
The girl with whom I talked is my friend.
和我说话的女孩是我的朋友。
who 主格,作主语;whom 宾格,作动词或介词宾语
介词后面必须用 whom,不能用 who
口语中常被 who 代替,但正式书写用 whom
18. review v. & n. 复习;回顾;检查
review for the exam 为考试复习
We should review what we learn every day.
a book review 书评
→revise v. 复习
易混词 interview v. 面试
19. discuss vt. 讨论;议论;商量
discuss sth with sb 和某人讨论某事
discuss doing sth 讨论做某事
其后虽不接不定式,但可接“疑问词+不定式”
We discussed when to go.
We will discuss our trip plan tomorrow.
They are discussing how to study English.
→discussion n. 讨论
have a discussion with sb 和某人讨论
20. certain adj. 确定的;无疑的;某种;某些 →certainly adv. 当然
be certain of sth 确信某事 be certain to do sth 一定做某事
be certain that 从句 确信…… for certain 肯定地
certain + 复数名词 某些……
I am certain of the truth.我确信这是事实。
He is certain to win the game.他一定会赢得比赛。
A certain girl is waiting for you.有个女孩在等你。
21. advise vt. 劝告;建议;忠告→advice [u] 建议
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
advise doing sth 建议做某事
advise sb against doing sth 劝某人不要做某事
My parents advise me to get up early.我父母建议我早起。
I advise reading English every morning.我建议每天早上读英语。
→suggest vt. 建议→suggestion [c] 建议
suggest doing sth 建议做某事
suggest (that) sb (should) do sth 建议某人做某事
suggest sth 建议某事
不能说 suggest sb to do sth❌
只能用:suggest doing /suggest (that) sb (should) do
22. hand in 上交;提交(作业、试卷、材料)⇎hand out 分发
hand in homework/papers 上交作业/试卷
hand in sth to sb 把某物上交给某人
Please hand in your homework on time.请按时上交作业。
23. timetable n. [c] 时间表;课程表;时刻表=schedule n. 日程表;时间表;计划表;进度表
school timetable 课程表
train timetable 火车时刻表
make a timetable 制定时间表
follow the timetable 遵照时间表
This is our new school timetable.这是我们的新课程表。
We should make a timetable for study.我们应该为学习制定时间表。
24. paragraph n.[c] 段落;节
the first paragraph 第一段
write a paragraph 写一个段落
a short paragraph 一小段
Please read the first paragraph of the text.
请阅读课文的第一段。
Each paragraph has a main idea.每个段落都有一个主旨。
→passage n.[c] 整篇短文
25. summary n. [c] 总结;摘要;概要
write a summary 写总结
a summary of …… 的摘要 / 总结
in summary 总之;概括来说
Please write a summary of this paragraph.请写一段这个段落的总结。
In summary, we learned a lot today.总之,我们今天学到了很多。
→summarize /ˈsʌməraɪz/ vt. 总结;概括
Please summarize the story in one sentence.请用一句话概括这个故事。
He summarized the whole meeting quickly.他快速总结了整个会议。
26. ending n. [c] 结尾;结局;结束
happy ending 圆满结局 ⇎ sad ending 悲伤结局 ⇎open ending 开放式结局
the ending of …… 的结尾
The movie has a happy ending.这部电影有一个圆满的结局。
I don't like the ending of this story.我不喜欢这个故事的结局。
侧重故事、电影、文章的结局,end 泛指一般的 “末端、结束”
27. rule n. [c] 规则;规定;规章 →law
follow the rules 遵守规则=obey the rules 遵守规则
break the rules 违反规则
school rules 校规
as a rule 通常;一般说来
We must follow the school rules.我们必须遵守校规。
It's wrong to break the rules.违反规则是不对的。
vt. 统治;管理;支配
rule a country 统治国家 rule over sb 统治某人
The king ruled the country many years ago.这位国王多年前统治着这个国家。
→ruler n. 尺子;统治者→regular adj. 有规律的;规则的
28. first of all =adv. 首先;第一(用于列举观点、步骤的第一条)
用于句首,后加逗号:First of all, ...
First of all, let's review the new words.首先,我们来复习新单词。
=firstly / to begin with / to start with
易混区分:first of all:表顺序第一 at first:表起初、一开始(时间先后)
29. librarian/laɪˈbreriən/ n. [c] 图书管理员;图书馆馆长
a school librarian 学校图书管理员
The librarian is very kind and helpful.
这位图书管理员很友善,乐于助人。
She wants to be a librarian in the future.
她将来想成为一名图书管理员。
→library n. 图书馆
30. publishing house 出版社=press
a big/famous publishing house 大型 / 著名出版社
work in a publishing house 在出版社工作
This novel comes from a good publishing house.这本小说来自一家不错的出版社。
He works in a publishing house in Beijing.他在北京的一家出版社工作。
→publisher n.(既可指出版商,也可指出版社)
→publish v. 出版;发表
→public adj. 公众的,大众的;公共的,公用的;政府的,公众事务的
31. unwilling adj. 不愿意的;不情愿的 ⇎willing adj. 愿意的
be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事
He is unwilling to get up early.他不愿意早起。
She was unwilling to talk about it.她不愿谈论这件事。
be willing to do sth 愿意做某事
→unwillingness n. 不情愿
→reluctant adj. 不情愿的(较正式)
32. sales n. [c] 销售;销售量;销售额;销售部门;推销工作
sales department 销售部
sales manager 销售经理
sales report 销售报告
Our sales are much higher this year.
She works in the sales department.
→sale n. [c] 出售;特价
for sale 待售
on sale 廉价出售;上市
33. copy n. 副本;复印件
a copy of … … 的一份 / 一册 / 一本make a copy 复印一份
I want a copy of this book.我想要这本书的一册。
Please make a copy for me.请帮我复印一份。
vt. 复制,复印;抄写;抄袭(贬义,考试高频)
copy sth 复制/抄写某物
copy one’s homework 抄作业
copy down 记下;抄写
Don’t copy others’ homework.不要抄别人的作业。
Please copy the new words.请抄写新单词。
34. especially adv. 尤其;特别;格外=particularly adv. 尤其
especially + 名词/代词 尤其……
I like all subjects, especially English.我喜欢所有科目,尤其是英语。
especially vs specially
especially:尤其、特别(强调同类中突出一个,表程度)
specially:专门、特意(强调为某一目的)
I came here specially to see you.我专门来这里看你。
阅读答案:
58.B 59.D 60.D 61.A
62.B 63.C 64.A 65.D
35. literature n. 文学(总称);文学作品;文献;资料
Chinese literature 中国文学
classical literature 古典文学 classic ?
modern literature 现代文学
I like literature very much.我很喜欢文学。
[u]:泛指文学、文献时,一般不加 s
[c]:表示 不同国家/种类的文学,可用复数:literatures
→literary /ˈlɪtərəri/ adj. 文学的
literary works 文学作品
→novel n. 小说(具体文体)→fiction n. 小说(种类)
→poem n. 诗歌(具体文体)
36. publisher n. 出版商,出版公司,出版社;(报刊、书籍的)发行人;出版者
the publisher of this book 这本书的出版社 / 出版商
The publisher has published many popular novels.这家出版社出版了很多畅销小说。
My sister works for a famous publisher.我姐姐在一家著名出版社工作。
publisher = publishing house = press n.出版社
37. pirate n.[c] 海盗;海盗船
Pirates used to attack ships on the sea.海盗过去常常在海上袭击船只。
vt. 盗版;非法复制;剽窃
pirate CD/DVD 盗版光盘
pirate software/books 盗版软件
This is a pirate copy. You should buy the official one.这是盗版,你应该买正版。
It’s against the law to pirate movies.盗版电影是违法的。
→pirated adj. 盗版的⇎official adj. 正版的
→copyright n. 版权(盗版即侵犯版权)
38. reader n.[c] 读者;阅读者;读本;简易读物;教材读本
a fast reader 阅读速度快的人 a slow reader 阅读速度慢的人
English readers 英语读物 a beginner’s reader 初级读本
He is a very careful reader.他是一个非常细心的读者。
This is a useful reader for middle school students.
这是一本适合中学生的实用读物。
a good read 一本好书;值得一读的读物
This book is really a good read. 这本书真是一本好书。
39. difficulty n. 困难;难题;困境;艰难
have difficulty (in) doing sth
=have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难
I have difficulty learning math.我学数学有困难。
with difficulty 困难地;吃力地
He finished the work with difficulty.他吃力地完成了这项工作。
⇎without difficulty 轻易地;毫不费力地
face difficulties 面对困难
overcome difficulties 克服困难
[u]:表抽象困难 There is much difficulty.
[c]:表具体难事、难题 We should face difficulties bravely.我们应该勇敢面对困难。
40. copyright n. 版权;著作权
copyright law 版权法
copyright owner 版权所有者 hold the copyright 持有版权
This book is still under copyright.这本书仍受版权保护。
all rights reserved 保留所有权利(版权所有,侵权必究)
41. agreement n. 协议;协定;契约(正式);同意;一致;赞同
reach an agreement 达成协议=come to an agreement 达成一致
We finally reached an agreement.我们最终达成了协议。
sign an agreement 签订协议
make an agreement 订立协议
in agreement with… 同意……;与…… 一致
He is in agreement with my plan.他赞同我的计划。
→agree (v. 同意) + -ment → agreement (n.)
agree with sb 同意某人
agree on sth 就某事达成一致
agree to do sth 同意做某事
→contract n. 正式法律合同
42. market n. 市场;集市→supermarket 超市(超级市场)
in the market 在市场上
stock market 股票市场
There is a big market near our community.我们小区附近有一个大市场。
43. excuse n. & v. 原谅,宽恕;为… 辩解;借口,理由 动词:/ɪkˈskjuːz/名词:/ɪkˈskjuːs/
excuse me 打扰一下;劳驾;借过
excuse sb. for doing sth. 原谅某人做某事
Excuse me, where is the library?打扰一下,图书馆在哪里?
Please excuse my carelessness.请原谅我的粗心。
make an excuse 找借口
an excuse for sth./doing sth. 做某事的借口
Don’t make an excuse for being late.不要为迟到找借口。
44. within prep. & adv. 在……之内;不超过(时间、距离、范围);在…… 里面;内部
within + 时间段 = 不超过、在… 以内,多用于将来 / 将来意义
in + 时间段:表示 … 之后(将来时)
I'll come back in two days. 我两天后回来。
within reach 触手可及;在够得到的地方
within sight 在视线范围内
within walking distance 步行可达
within limits 在限度内;适度 I'll finish it within two days.我将在两天内完成它。
in:普通、中性,只表示 “在…… 里面”这个位置,不强调边界。
within:正式、强调边界,表示 “在…… 范围 / 界限之内”,突出不超出、不越过。
in the room
在房间里(最普通说法,只说位置)
within the room
在房间范围之内(强调:不走出房间、不越出房间边界)
45. journal n.[c] 学术期刊,专业刊物;日记,日志=diary
academic journal 学术期刊 scientific journal 科学期刊
keep a journal 记日记、写日志
He published his paper in a famous journal.
She keeps a journal to record her thoughts.
journal:①学术期刊(最常用)②正式日志
magazine:通俗杂志(娱乐、生活、时尚)
→journalist n. 记者;新闻工作者
→journey n. 长途旅行
46. title n.[c] & v. 标题,题目(文章、书、歌曲、电影);头衔,称号,职称
the title of the passage 文章标题
title page 扉页,标题页
What is the title of the story?这个故事的标题是什么?
He has the title of Doctor.他拥有博士头衔。
The movie is titled Frozen.这部电影名为《冰雪奇缘》。
→topic n.[c] 主题=main idea
47. naughty adj. 顽皮的;淘气的;不听话的;没规矩的
a naughty child 淘气的孩子
Don’t be naughty. 别淘气。
She was a naughty girl when she was young.
她小时候是个调皮的女孩。
→well-behaved adj. 守规矩的
48. describe vt. 描述;形容;描绘
describe sb./sth. 描述某人/某物
describe…as… 把…… 形容为/称作……
describe doing sth. 描述做某事(描述做某事的过程)
describe to do sth ❌
He described finding his mother lying on the floor. 他描述说发现他母亲躺在地板上。
He described himself as a teacher.他称自己是一名教师。
→description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/n. 描述;描写 describe → description(b→p)
a detailed description 详细的描述
49. faraway adj. 遥远的;远方的(只能作定语,放在名词前面,不能单独放 be 动词后。)
a faraway city
→far(adj.) away(adv.) 副词短语
不作定语,放句末/be动词后 The city is far away.
faraway = 遥远的(修饰名词,放前面)
far away = 很远(放后面)
50. island n.[c] 岛;岛屿 (字母 s 不发音)/ˈaɪlənd/
on the island 在岛上
Treasure Island 金银岛(经典书名)
We visited a beautiful island last summer.
去年夏天我们去了一座美丽的岛屿。
There are many trees on the island.
岛上有很多树。
51. opinion n.[c] 意见;看法;主张
in one's opinion 在某人看来(最常用:in my opinion)
ask for sb's opinion 征求某人的意见
personal opinion 个人观点
In my opinion, math is difficult.在我看来,数学很难。
What's your opinion?你的看法是什么?
→onion n. 洋葱
52. though conj. 虽然;尽管;即使=although(though 更口语)
though/although 不能和 but 连用!(可与 yet /still 连用)
✅ Though he is tired, he still works.
虽然他累了,但他仍在工作。
❌ Though he is tired, but he works.
adv. 可是;不过;然而(只能 though,不能用 although)
放在句末,前面加逗号
It’s cold. It’s sunny, though.天很冷,不过阳光很好。
as though = as if 好像;仿佛
He talks as though he knew everything.他说话好像什么都知道。
though:连词 (虽然) + 副词 (不过),口语
although:只作连词(虽然),更正式
「原因/让步」连接词
一、第一类:介词/介词短语
不能接完整从句,只能接名词短语或动名词
despite / in spite of表让步,意为尽管。
两者用法完全一致,可互换。despite 更正式,in spite of 更口语化。
because of 表原因,意为因为。
二、第二类:连词
这类词必须接完整从句,也就是主语加谓语的结构。
because表原因,意为因为。用于说明直接原因,可回答 why 提问。不能和 so 连用,英语中因为所以只能用一个连词。
although/(even) though表让步,意为虽然、即使。
even though 语气更强,强调即使也。不能和 but 连用,英语中虽然但是只能用一个连词。
让步转换
连词版:Although it rained, we went out.
介词版:Despite/In spite of the rain, we went out.
原因转换
连词版:We stayed home because it rained.
介词版:We stayed home because of the rain.
宾语从句
Task1: 找出句中的宾语成分
listening to the music(动名词短语作宾语)
your pronunciation(名词短语作介词 to 的宾语)
how many new words(疑问词 + 名词短语作宾语)
a new bike(名词短语作直接宾语)
it(代词作形式宾语;真正宾语为后面的useful after you leave school,此处 it 为形式宾语)
(that) this book is well worth reading(宾语从句作 think 的宾语,that 可省略)
the young(定冠词 + 形容词作宾语)
to fall asleep(不定式短语作宾语)
whether she had been appointed as Chairwoman(宾语从句作 asked 的宾语)
whatever you like(名词性从句作 give 的直接宾语)
Task2: 填入正确的关联词
whether
whatever
why
how
what
what
it(形式宾语;真正宾语为 that 从句,此处需填形式宾语 it)
which
1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C
6.D 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A
11【解析】选B
12【解析】选A。结合题意“汤姆,如果天气好的话,你知道弗兰克这个星期六将去动物园吗?”可知第一个空是宾语从句,要用一般将来时,第二个空是条件状语从句,要用一般现在时,故排除B、C、D三项,选A。
13【解析】选D。从语序方面先排除B,另结合时间状语in a million years可知要用一般将来时,
14【解析】选B。结合主句中的told和从句中的the next day可知要用过去将来时,故排除A、C、D三项
15【解析】选C
16【解析】选A。问句是带有插入语do you think的宾语从句,要用陈述语序,先排除B、C二项;另结合答句中的will pick him up可知要用一般将来时,故舍D选A。
17【解析】选D。从句中所说“太阳从东边升起”是客观事实,所以不管主句用什么时态,从句总是用一般现在时,故正确答案为D.
18【解析】选B。考查whether引导的宾语从句。结合题意“去看看他们是否已改完了试卷”
19【解析】选D
20【解析】选B。四个选项都可以引导宾语从句,结合答语“Maybe a reporter.”可知问句是在询问人的职业,故正确答案为B。题意为“你知道那个戴眼镜的男人是做什么的吗?”
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.C
1—5: DDDBB
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