专题22 大题闯关之阅读段落大意题和文章大意题 （考前押题）2026年高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典

**基本信息** 聚焦阅读理解段落与文章大意题，构建"方法-题型-训练"三维突破体系，融合真题考点分析与分层解题策略，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |段落大意题|含2025全国二卷等真题片段|四步解题法（定位-找主题句-辨干扰项-抓关键词），归纳主题句位置规律（段首/中/尾）|从命题形式到解题步骤，构建"识别-分析-排除"逻辑链，结合高频考点（推理判断/标题概括）| |文章大意题|含2022全国甲卷等10篇专练|分文体策略（记叙文重首尾/说明文重段首），总结五大题型与错误选项特征|按"文体特征-主题句位置-主旨归纳"递进，衔接清北生实战经验（如"倒三角形结构"分析法）|

2026高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典 专题22 阅读理解段落大意题和文章大意题 解析版 高考真题说明文考点解读 2022-2026高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神“垃圾食品”诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍“群体智慧”效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 阅读微技能：段落大意题 1.命题形式 常见命题形式：What is Paragraph X mainly about? 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? (2025全国二卷) 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? (2024新课标I卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 第一步：结合题干定位到相应段落。 第二步：寻找段落主题句。解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 第三步：留意段落大意题干扰项四大特点：①过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围②以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容③移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上④主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 第四步：确定段落关键词。段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 4.跟踪训练 (2025全国二卷D篇片段) … It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. … 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 解析：第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词paragraph 5。 第二步：根据关键词定位到文章第五段“It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. (值得注意的是，从技术上讲，wastED的菜单上没有一项是由垃圾制成的。相反，所有使用的食材都是大多数餐馆永远不会考虑供应的肉类部位和农产品。羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等东西都被重新利用，在许多优秀厨师的助力下，变成了美味的菜肴)”可知，本段主要介绍了wastED菜单上的菜品所用的配料，如羽衣甘蓝茎、鱼颈肉、被挑拣的红薯和黄瓜蒂等，所以本段主要讲的是这些菜肴是由什么做成的。 第三步：比对选项得出答案C。 阅读微技能：文章大意题 1.设题方式 ①What is the text mainly about? ③What is the passage mainly about? 2.记叙文主旨大意题 ①看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 ③借助主题词或关键词归纳 3.说明文和议论文主旨大意题 ①看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 ②借助主题词或关键词归纳 4.文章大意题错误选项典型错误 ①以偏概全：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； ②概括宽泛：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； ③无中生有：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 5.文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 6.文章大意题思维导图 7.跟踪训练 （2022全国甲卷）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 28-31 ACCA 【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。 28. A。词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。 29. C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。 30. C。细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。 31. A。主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。 清北生实战经验反馈区 1.阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 2.态度推断题注重“原文定位”和“观点区分”，弄清来龙去脉再判断。 3.重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 4.标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 5.说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 6.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 第一部分：段落大意题专练10篇（记叙文+说明文+议论文） 01（25-26高三上·河北石家庄·月考）Martha Wells was born on September 1, 1964 and is a Texas SF/ fantasy writer. She has published a number of fantasy novels, young adult novels, nonfiction essays, etc. Her novels have been translated into twelve languages. Martha is praised for the complex, realistically detailed societies she creates; this is often credited to her academic background in anthropology (人类学). She has won four Hugo Awards, two Nebula Awards and three Locus Awards for her science fiction series The Murderbot Diaries. The Murderbot Diaries has become an incredibly popular series — but newer fans might not realize she’s been writing science fiction and fantasy works, including the Books of the Raksura and many more, for more than 30 years. “That’s really been interesting, because there are people who don’t know I did anything else,” Martha says. “I’ve been lucky enough to pen 20 or 23 novels at this point.” Martha laughs. “And there’ve been people who are all: ‘I’ m going to go look at all the other stuff.’ I’m grateful they’re willing to give my older work a chance.” Golden Voice Kevin R. Free, who has narrated all of the audiobooks in the series, says that fans regularly tell him they’ve listened over and over again. “When people say, ‘It’s comforting to me when I listen to this,’ I just feel so happy that I’m bringing people comfort.” Kevin stresses that he’s also a fan of the books, and he’s quick to give full credit to Martha. “I’m only interpreting what Martha wrote. I could not do what I do without her mind and her words.” Besides her long occupation as a writer, Martha is also a reader and a fan. She regularly champions fellow authors on social media, and it’s clear that she has high hopes for the future of the fantasy genre (体裁). “So much of the new fantasy fiction by Asian authors and African authors is very exciting to people because it’s just a divergent way of telling fantasy, and telling those stories, and it just makes it all new and fresh and interesting again. It’s energizing for the genre.” 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Martha’s experience. B．Martha’s achievement. C．The reason for Martha’s success. D．The awards Martha received. 2．What can be inferred from Kevin’s words? A．The series is worth listening. B．He achieved less than Wells. C．He owed his success to Wells. D．The audiobooks brought him fame. 3．What does the underlined word “divergent” in the last paragraph mean? A．Different. B．Gentle. C．Practical. D．Popular 4．Which of the following can best describe Martha Wells? A．Lucky and productive. B．Learned and disciplined. C．Modest and supportive. D．Humorous and hardworking. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章通过介绍Martha Wells的成就、态度与影响力，突出她是一位才华横溢、谦逊低调且具有行业责任感的优秀作家，同时也反映了当代奇幻文学多元发展的积极趋势。 1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“She has published a number of fantasy novels, young adult novels, nonfiction essays, etc. Her novels have been translated into twelve languages. Martha is praised for the complex, realistically detailed societies she creates; this is often credited to her academic background in anthropology (人类学). She has won four Hugo Awards, two Nebula Awards and three Locus Awards for her science fiction series The Murderbot Diaries.(她已出版了多部奇幻小说、青少年小说及非虚构散文等作品，其小说被翻译成十二种语言。Martha以其构建复杂而真实细致的社会体系而备受赞誉，这常归功于她的人类学学术背景。凭借科幻系列《杀手机器人日记》，她已荣获四次雨果奖、两次星云奖和三次轨迹奖。)”可知，本段主要介绍了Martha发表的作品类型、作品翻译成的语言数量、学术背景对创作的影响，以及她所获得的奖项。故整体是在概括她的主要成就。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Kevin stresses that he’s also a fan of the books, and he’s quick to give full credit to Martha. “I’m only interpreting what Martha wrote. I could not do what I do without her mind and her words.”(Kevin强调自己也是该系列的忠实读者，并迅速将全部功劳归于Martha。“我只是在诠释Martha写下的文字。没有她的思想与文字，我无法完成我的工作。”)”可知，Kevin认为自己的表现完全依赖于Martha的创作，因此他将自己的成功归因于Martha Wells。故选C。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线词前文的内容“So much of the new fantasy fiction by Asian authors and African authors is very exciting to people(亚洲作家和非洲作家创作的许多新奇幻小说令人振奋)”以及后文的内容“and it just makes it all new and fresh and interesting again(这让整个体裁焕然一新、充满趣味)”可知，划线词前后文提到亚洲和非洲作者创作新的奇幻故事，带来了新颖和新鲜感，故可推知此处划线词与A项“Different(不同的)”意思相近，即亚洲作家和非洲作家创作的许多新奇幻小说令人振奋，因为它们以截然不同的方式讲述奇幻故事，这让整个体裁焕然一新、充满趣味。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段““And there’ve been people who are all: ‘I’ m going to go look at all the other stuff.’ I’m grateful they’re willing to give my older work a chance.”(“有些人会说：‘我要去翻看所有其他作品。’我很感激他们愿意给我的旧作一个机会。”)”可知，Martha对于读者愿意去看她的旧作品很感激，故可推知她是一个谦虚的人；再根据文章最后一段“She regularly champions fellow authors on social media, and it’s clear that she has high hopes for the future of the fantasy genre (体裁).(她经常在社交媒体上推荐同行作家，显然对奇幻文学的未来抱有很高期望。)”可知，Martha在社交媒体上推荐同行作家，故可推知她是一个对他人有帮助，支持他人的人。故选C。 02（25-26高三上·湖南·月考）The most transformative moment of my life began with a failed run down my street. As a creative director at a health publication, I couldn’t run for more than four minutes. My daughter’s laughter on the walk home marked my lowest point — overweight, easily annoyed, and completely out of shape. That was when I decided to make a change. I started with small, consistent steps. Weekend jogs became my routine, each time pushing me to go just a little farther. I examined my habits, replaced mindless snacking with mindful eating and got rid of sugary drinks. The rewards were gradual but profound: better sleep, looser clothes,and a newfound mental clarity. Running became my moving meditation, a time when I could process stress and return with patience and focus. After several months, I completed my first 5-kilometer run with my daughter. Though our pace was slow, the accomplishment felt enormous. That success encouraged me to keep pushing myself — 5 miles, then 10 miles, and then 15 miles. So when the opportunity to run the New York Marathon arose, I registered immediately, ready to embrace a challenge that truly terrified me. For five months, I dedicated myself to a strict training plan and long runs that peaked at 20miles. On the day I ran the New York Marathon, though tired, I kept running steadily. When I spotted my wife and daughter in the crowd, a final, electric surge(猛增) of energy carried me forward. Crossing the finish line in 4:51:28, I was flooded with overwhelming pride— I had done it. I had accomplished the impossible. This journey taught me that true transformation is achieved in the daily choice to show up and hang on in there. We are all capable of far more than we believe. Every step forward, no matter how small, moves us toward the best version of ourselves. Progress isn’t about perfection; it’s about consistently choosing growth over comfort. 5．What led to the author’s change of lifestyle? A．His daughter’s criticism. B．His poor physical condition. C．His promotion to general director. D．His need to have an attractive image. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The effective approaches for dealing with stress. B．The immediate benefits of quitting drinking. C．The strict exercise plan the author followed. D．The positive effects of the author’s new lifestyle. 7．Why did the author decide to sign up for the New York Marathon? A．He was eager to meet challenges lying ahead. B．He had rich experience in running marathons. C．He aimed to demonstrate his athletic ability. D．He wanted to run it with his daughter. 8．What message does the text mainly convey? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．A smooth sea never made a skilled sailor. C．One cannot obtain anything without paying the price. D．A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step. 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因身体状态糟糕而决定改变生活方式，从短距离慢跑开始坚持训练，最终完成纽约马拉松的经历，揭示了“循序渐进、持之以恒才能实现蜕变”的道理。 5．细节理解题。根据第1段中“My daughter’s laughter on the walk home marked my lowest point — overweight, easily annoyed, and completely out of shape. That was when I decided to make a change.(步行回家时女儿的笑声标志着我的人生低谷——体重超标、易怒且身体完全走样。就在那时，我决定做出改变。)”可知，是糟糕的身体状况促使作者改变生活方式。故选B。 6．主旨大意题。根据第2段中“The rewards were gradual but profound: better sleep, looser clothes,and a newfound mental clarity. Running became my moving meditation, a time when I could process stress and return with patience and focus.(这些回报来得缓慢却意义深远：睡眠质量变好、衣服变宽松，还拥有了全新的思维清晰度。跑步成了我的移动冥想时刻，我能在其中排解压力，重拾耐心与专注力。)”可知，第二段主要讲述了作者新的生活方式带来的积极影响。故选D。 7．推理判断题。根据第3段中“That success encouraged me to keep pushing myself — 5 miles, then 10 miles, and then 15 miles. So when the opportunity to run the New York Marathon arose, I registered immediately, ready to embrace a challenge that truly terrified me.(这次成功激励着我不断突破自我——从5英里到10英里，再到15英里。所以当纽约马拉松的参赛机会来临时，我立刻报了名，准备迎接这个让我着实胆怯的挑战。)”可知，作者报名纽约马拉松是因为渴望迎接眼前的挑战。故选A。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的总结“This journey taught me that true transformation is achieved in the daily choice to show up and hang on in there. We are all capable of far more than we believe. Every step forward, no matter how small, moves us toward the best version of ourselves.(这段旅程教会我，真正的转变是在每日选择出现并坚持下去的过程中实现的。我们都拥有远超自己想象的潜力。前进的每一步，无论多么微小，都引领我们走向更好的自己。)”可知，文章主要传递的道理是“千里之行，始于足下”。故选D。    03（25-26高三上·山东日照·期中）By the time the nine-year-old Nicola Lathey had completed the trip to London for a dyslexia (阅读障碍) assessment, she had a pretty good idea that her brain worked slightly differently to her school friends. When she went onto secondary school, she started to struggle more academically and her family worried she was getting in with the wrong crowd, so a great aunt offered to pay the fees to send her to the private Haberdashers’ Monmouth School in Wales. Lathey went all out and defied expectations to do well enough in her GCSEs to win a place at sixth-form college. “Everyone was more than shocked and they started to see me through a different lens.” She moved to London to study speech sciences at University College London, where she was considered a “disabled student” due to her dyslexia. After graduating, she initially moved back to Wales and got a job working for the local National Health Service for three years before realizing that to spread her wings, she would have to move back to the capital. The next job, at the Royal Free hospital in northwest London, was where she met her husband Rhodri and they moved together to Oxford, where they started the Owl Centre. It now specializes in autism and ADHD diagnoses (诊断) and speech and language treatment. At first their practice taught English to foreign students, but when that failed to pay the bills, Lathey started offering private speech treatment sessions. Her father-in-law invested £5,000, which was enough to create a website, put in a phone line and pay for some basic resources for the children’s assessments. The company grew quickly, and in 2015, they had opened further Owl Centers in Hertfordshire, Manchester and Cardiff. Today, the company operates two physical sites in Cheltenham and Oxford. However, the large majority of assessments are done online. “It’s true there’s been a huge increase in the rate of diagnosis across the country, particularly among adults,” Lathey said. But she added: “That is because the signs have been missed in childhood, not necessarily because everyone is following the wellbeing trend. We have very strict diagnostic criteria.” 9．What does “defied” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Stress over. B．Manage down. C．Set up. D．Go beyond. 10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Lathey’s challenges in landing a suitable job. B．The road to the foundation of The Owl Centre. C．The key to the diagnosis of autism and ADHD． D．Lathey’s educational journey and working style. 11．What do we know about The Owl Centre? A．It offers assessment for autism and ADHD． B．It is an online assessment platform for dyslexia. C．It specializes in teaching English to foreign students. D．It regained popularity with the help of Lathey’s father-in-law. 12．What can we infer from Lathey’s words in the last paragraph? A．People are seeking diagnoses for trendy reasons. B．The number of adults’ diagnoses has increased sharply. C．More and more adults focus on their mental wellbeing. D．High-level diagnostic standards lead to early assessments. 【答案】9．D 10．B 11．A 12．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了患有阅读障碍的尼古拉·拉西历经求学与工作波折，最终创办猫头鹰中心，专注相关病症诊断与治疗的历程。 9．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Lathey went all out and defied expectations to do well enough in her GCSEs to win a place at sixth-form college. “Everyone was more than shocked and they started to see me through a different lens.”(拉西全力以赴，defied所有人的预期，在普通中等教育证书考试中取得了优异成绩，成功进入了第六学级学院。“所有人都非常震惊，他们开始用不同的眼光看待我。”)”可知，拉西原本因阅读障碍被担忧，却取得优异成绩，让众人震惊，因此“defied”意为“超越、打破”，与“Go beyond”同义。故选D项。 10．主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“She moved to London to study speech sciences at University College London, where she was considered a “disabled student” due to her dyslexia. After graduating, she initially moved back to Wales and got a job working for the local National Health Service for three years before realizing that to spread her wings, she would have to move back to the capital. The next job, at the Royal Free hospital in northwest London, was where she met her husband Rhodri and they moved together to Oxford, where they started the Owl Centre. It now specializes in autism and ADHD diagnoses (诊断) and speech and language treatment.(她搬到伦敦，在伦敦大学学院学习言语科学，由于患有阅读障碍，她被视为“残疾学生”。毕业后，她最初搬回威尔士，在当地的国家医疗服务体系工作了三年，之后意识到要展翅高飞，她必须搬回首都。下一份工作是在伦敦西北部的皇家自由医院，在那里她遇到了丈夫罗德里，两人一起搬到牛津，在那里创办了猫头鹰中心。该中心现在专注于自闭症和注意力缺陷多动障碍的诊断以及言语和语言治疗。)”可知，该段完整讲述了拉西的求学经历、工作辗转及与丈夫创办猫头鹰中心的全过程，核心是创办该中心的历程。故选B项。 11．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The next job, at the Royal Free hospital in northwest London, was where she met her husband Rhodri and they moved together to Oxford, where they started the Owl Centre. It now specializes in autism and ADHD diagnoses (诊断) and speech and language treatment.(下一份工作是在伦敦西北部的皇家自由医院，在那里她遇到了丈夫罗德里，两人一起搬到牛津，在那里创办了猫头鹰中心。该中心现在专注于自闭症和注意力缺陷多动障碍的诊断以及言语和语言治疗。)”可知，猫头鹰中心的创办背景及核心业务明确，其提供自闭症和注意力缺陷多动障碍的诊断服务。故选A项。 12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““It’s true there’s been a huge increase in the rate of diagnosis across the country, particularly among adults,” Lathey said. (“全国各地的确诊率确实大幅上升，尤其是在成年人中，”拉西说。)”可知，拉西明确提到成年人的诊断率急剧上升。故选B项。 04（2026·陕西·模拟预测）Roger Leon grew up the son of immigrants, a welfare receiver, and, perhaps most importantly, a Newark kid with big dreams. Now, as the superintendent (学区总监) of the city’s schools, he leads a district filled with kids who grew up like him. In the district that is majority Latino, Leon is the first ever Latino superintendent. Leon’s story started out like that of many Newark residents. He came to the city from Cuba in the 1960s with his mother, who didn’t speak English and had no family in the country while caring for him and his three elder sisters. Government assistance supported Leon into his young adult life, but his greatest hope lay in education. “My mom taught us that an education was the most important thing that we could receive and achieve,” he says. “It was always about having high expectations for ourselves.” After coming up through the Newark schools and receiving degrees at Rutgers and Montclair State, Leon returned home. He taught fifth grade at Hawkins Street School and coached the championship debate team at Science-Park High School before teaching math at Rafael Hernandez Elementary School. He then quickly rose as head of Dr. William H. Horton School and University High School of Humanities, before serving as school superintendent. Under Leon’s leadership, the board of education launched an ambitious 10-year strategic plan. A greater focus on early childhood, development and education, more teachers and reduced chronic absenteeism (长期缺勤) are the immediate goals, but the ultimate objective is to have graduates return to Newark and contribute to the community. The superintendent says he enjoys frequent communication with students and parents, calling his quarterly meetings with them the most rewarding part of his job. “They enable me to have a quality-control check to assess to what degree we’re actually doing what I’m saying we’re doing,” Leon says. 13．What can we learn about Leon’s childhood? A．He came to Cuba with his family. B．He faced tough immigrant challenges. C．He received little formal education. D．He dreamed of becoming a superintendent. 14．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Leon’s early career development. B．Leon’s later academic success. C．Leon’s style of leadership. D．Leon’s teaching methods. 15．What is the final goal of Leon’s 10-year plan? A．To reduce student absenteeism. B．To increase the number of teachers. C．To encourage graduates to give back. D．To improve early childhood education. 16．Which of the following words best describe Leon? A．Demanding and conservative. B．Humorous and professional. C．Honest and independent. D．Humble and reflective. 【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述移民后代Roger Leon克服困难，凭借教育实现梦想，成为纽瓦克学区首位拉丁裔总监并致力于回报社区的故事。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He came to the city from Cuba in the 1960s with his mother, who didn’t speak English and had no family in the country while caring for him and his three elder sisters. Government assistance supported Leon into his young adult life.(20世纪60年代，他和母亲从古巴来到这座城市，母亲不会说英语，在这个国家也没有家人，却要照顾他和三个姐姐。政府援助一直支持着Leon直到他成年)”可知，Leon的童年面临着移民带来的诸多困难：母亲语言不通、无亲友依靠、依靠政府援助生活，即他面临着严峻的移民挑战。故选B项。 14．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“After coming up through the Newark schools and receiving degrees at Rutgers and Montclair State, Leon returned home. He taught fifth grade at Hawkins Street School and coached the championship debate team at Science-Park High School before teaching math at Rafael Hernandez Elementary School. He then quickly rose as head of Dr. William H. Horton School and University High School of Humanities, before serving as school superintendent.(Leon毕业于纽瓦克学校，在罗格斯大学和蒙特克莱尔州立大学获得学位后，回到了家乡。他在霍金斯街学校教五年级，在科学公园高中担任冠军辩论队教练，之后在拉斐尔·埃尔南德斯小学教数学。随后，他迅速晋升为威廉·H·霍顿博士学校和人文大学高中的校长，之后担任学区总监)”可知，该段主要讲述了Leon毕业后从教师逐步晋升为学区总监的早期职业发展历程。故选A项。 15．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Under Leon’s leadership, the board of education launched an ambitious 10-year strategic plan. A greater focus on early childhood, development and education, more teachers and reduced chronic absenteeism (长期缺勤) are the immediate goals, but the ultimate objective is to have graduates return to Newark and contribute to the community.(在Leon的领导下，教育委员会推出了一项雄心勃勃的10年战略计划。近期目标是更加注重幼儿发展和教育、增加教师数量、减少长期缺勤，但最终目标是让毕业生回到纽瓦克，为社区做出贡献)”可知，Leon的10年计划的最终目标是鼓励毕业生回报社区。故选C项。 16．推理判断题。通读全文可知，Leon出身移民家庭，依靠政府援助长大，成名后仍扎根家乡，致力于改善家乡教育，体现了他的谦逊（humble）；根据最后一段中的“the superintendent says he enjoys frequent communication with students and parents, calling his quarterly meetings with them the most rewarding part of his job. “They enable me to have a quality-control check to assess to what degree we’re actually doing what I’m saying we’re doing,”(这位学区总监说，他喜欢与学生和家长频繁沟通，并表示与他们的季度会议是他工作中最有意义的部分。“它们让我能够进行质量控制检查，评估我们实际在多大程度上做到了我所说的我们要做的事情”)”可知，Leon通过与学生和家长沟通来反思工作，体现了他的反思精神。故选D项。 05（2026·云南昆明·二模）Modern surgery has gone from long incisions (切口) to tiny cuts guided by robots and AI. In the process, however, surgeons have lost something vital: the chance to feel inside the body directly. “We started 30 years ago with open surgery and using our fingers,” said Professor Alberto Arezzo from the University of Turin, Italy. “Then we moved into the era of keyhole surgery.” From the 1990s, keyhole surgery became increasingly common. Patients benefited from shorter hospital stays and faster recovery. But this came at the expense of physical touch. That matters because tumours (肿瘤) often feel different from healthy tissues — stiffer (僵硬的) or irregular — important differences that experienced hands can detect. A group of surgeons and engineers across Europe is now trying to bring back this vital aspect of surgery under the EU-funded project PALPABLE. They are developing a soft robotic “fingertip” that can sense tissue stiffness during keyhole and robotic surgery. By combining optical (光学的) sensing, soft robotics and AI, the team is designing a sensor that models after the way a fingertip presses and feels during surgery. It contains fibre-optic cables, each about the width of a human hair, implanted in a soft, flexible tip. When pressed against the tissue, the tip deforms and the light travelling through the fibers changes. Those tiny shifts in light intensity and wavelength are processed by AI, which then translates them into information about tissue stiffness to create a real-time sensory map. Instead of physical sensation, the surgeons see a color-coded visual representation of tissue stiffness on their monitor, allowing them to “see” what they can no longer feel. The team has built early light-based sensors and soft layers, with partners refining and developing functional films, and advancing softwares to visualize stiffness and sensory maps. The improved model has been tested in their own lab and will be validated in more lab tests before it is used on patients. 17．What is a limitation of keyhole surgery? A．Higher infection risk. B．Loss of physical touch. C．Slower patient recovery. D．Lack of technology use. 18．What technologies are integrated into the sensor? A．Fiber-optic cables and pressure detection. B．Pain management and flexible tips. C．Open surgeries and automatic monitoring. D．Light-based sensing and soft robotics. 19．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why force intensity must be mapped. B．Why surgeons need color-coded systems. C．How AI collects changing light signals. D．How pressure becomes a real-time image. 20．How is the project going? A．It has invented soft sensory films. B．It has moved into clinical trials. C．It has achieved accurate mapping. D．It has reached the experiment phase. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．D 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了现代微创手术虽有优势，但让外科医生失去了直接触感，为此欧洲团队研发结合光学传感、柔性机器人与AI的触觉传感器，以恢复手术中的触感感知，并介绍了其工作原理与研发进展。 17．细节理解题。根据原文第三段“From the 1990s, keyhole surgery became increasingly common. Patients benefited from shorter hospital stays and faster recovery. But this came at the expense of physical touch.(从20世纪90年代开始，微创手术日益普及。患者住院时间更短、康复更快，从中获益良多。但这一切是以失去直接触感为代价的)” 可知，微创手术的局限性在于失去了直接的触感。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“By combining optical (光学的) sensing, soft robotics and AI, the team is designing a sensor that models after the way a fingertip presses and feels during surgery.(通过结合光学传感、柔性机器人技术和人工智能，该团队正在设计一种模拟手术中指尖按压和感知方式的传感器)” 可知，传感器融合了光学传感和柔性机器人技术。故选D。 19．主旨大意题。根据原文第五段“When pressed against the tissue, the tip deforms and the light travelling through the fibers changes. Those tiny shifts in light intensity and wavelength are processed by AI, which then translates them into information about tissue stiffness to create a real-time sensory map.(当探头按压在组织上时，顶端会发生形变，穿过光纤的光线也会随之变化。这些光强度和波长的微小变化由人工智能处理，再转化为组织硬度相关信息，从而生成实时感知图谱)”可知，本段主要说明了探头受到压力后，光线变化如何被AI处理并转化为实时的视觉图像。故选D。 20．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“The improved model has been tested in their own lab and will be validated in more lab tests before it is used on patients.(改进后的模型已在他们自己的实验室进行了测试，并将在用于患者之前接受更多实验室测试验证)” 可知，该项目已经进入实验测试阶段。故选D。 06（2026·四川自贡·三模）From an early age, we’re taught the golden rule: “Treat others as you would like to be treated.” Sadly, many of us don’t even treat ourselves that way. A 2023 study found that the average person has about 11 negative thoughts concerning their bodies and self-worth per day, suggesting that we could all need a course in the power of positive self-talk. “Self-talk can be positive, negative, healthy, or critical,” says Willow McGinty, an expert in Florida. “Having positive self-talk means that the tone in which you speak to yourself is supportive and kind.” And, trust us — and the experts — this practice has real benefits. Take Mondays: many people fear the start of the work week. “If the self-talk sounds like, ‘Tomorrow is going to be terrible,’ it will probably rise to meet that expectation,” McGinty says. “If the self-talk sounds like, ‘Tomorrow is a fresh start and new opportunities to shine,’ we are more likely to rise to meet that expectation.” Research shows this confidence translates into physical feats too. A 2022 study found that strong performances in gymnasts could be predicted by positive self-talk, while negative self-talk was associated with poor outcomes. Encouraging yourself before a workout may push you to run faster or lift heavier. Positive self-talk is a muscle, and as with strengthening any other muscle, gains are made over time. McGinty points out that negative thoughts often come from core beliefs formed in childhood, like “I’m not enough.” Challenging that belief is essential. She recommends journaling: identify the negative thought, label it, provide evidence to the contrary, and write a healthier version. However, positive thinking can become harmful when it leaves no room for life’s real struggles. “Some things are just awful and deserve to be seen as such,” says McGinty. The goal isn’t to ignore hardship, but to keep self-criticism from standing in your way. As the poet Hafez said, “The words we speak become the house we live in.” 21．What did the 2023 study find about people? A．They often have daily negative thoughts. B．They treat others better than themselves. C．They seldom care about their self-worth. D．They need help from professional doctors. 22．What do the underlined words “physical feats” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Economic gains B．Athletic achievements. C．Improved physical health. D．Increased job opportunities. 23．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Sports to strengthen muscles. B．Impacts of childhood memories. C．Ways to identify positive self-talk. D．Advice on shifting negative thinking. 24．What can we learn from the words by Hafez? A．Self-criticism brings an end to hardship in life. B．Positive thinking requires a comfortable home. C．The way we speak to ourselves shapes our life. D．Positive actions speak louder than negative words. 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．D 24．C 【导语】本文介绍积极自我对话的作用与益处，指出消极想法的根源，给出改善方法，并说明积极思考不应回避现实困境，用自我对话塑造人生。 21．细节理解题。根据第一段“A 2023 study found that the average person has about 11 negative thoughts concerning their bodies and self-worth per day (2023年一项研究发现，普通人每天大约会产生11条关于自身形象和自我价值的消极想法。)”可知，人们日常常常产生消极想法。 22．词句猜测题。根据第三段“A 2022 study found that strong performances in gymnasts could be predicted by positive self-talk, while negative self-talk was associated with poor outcomes. Encouraging yourself before a workout may push you to run faster or lift heavier.(2022年的一项研究发现，积极的自我暗示能够预判体操运动员的出色发挥，而消极的自我暗示则往往伴随不佳表现。运动前自我鼓励，能促使自己跑得更快、举得更重。)”可知，这里主要讲积极的自我暗示对运动方面发挥的积极作用，所以前句“Research shows this confidence translates into physical feats too.”中physical feats指体育运动方面的成绩与表现。 23．主旨大意。根据第四段“She recommends journaling: identify the negative thought, label it, provide evidence to the contrary, and write a healthier version.(她建议写日记：识别消极想法、归类梳理、列出反证，并改写为更积极健康的想法。)”以及上文内容可知，本段主要给出转变消极思维、培养积极自我对话的建议。 24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“As the poet Hafez said, “The words we speak become the house we live in.”(诗人哈菲兹说：我们对自己说的话，会构筑出我们身处的生活格局。)”可知，自我对话的方式会塑造我们的人生。 07（2026·浙江·二模）Drug development has long been known as a high-risk and high-cost process. On average, only one in every ten drug candidates that enter human trials eventually reaches the market. The journey from initial discovery to a marketable drug often spans 10 to 15 years, and the cost for a single drug is estimated at roughly $2.8 billion. This high risk and cost, coupled with the eventual loss of patent protection, creates constant pressure on drug companies to find the next breakthrough treatment. In recent years, generative AI has begun to change this picture. The drug industry is rapidly adopting AI technologies that can analyse massive biological data sets. These AI tools can identify promising drug targets and propose novel molecules (分子) that might interact with them. They can also screen libraries of data to predict the effectiveness and safety of candidates before any lab work begins. In addition, they can improve clinical trials by analysing health records to identify patients most likely to benefit from new treatments. Although the technology is still developing, early signs suggest it could make drug discovery faster, cheaper and more competitive. One encouraging result is seen in early-stage trials. AI-designed molecules have shown success rates of 80-90% in early-stage safety tests, far higher than the historical average of 40-65%. AI is also improving efficiency in other areas of the industry, from clinical paperwork to human resources. Some analysts estimate that the drug industry can gain up to $110 billion each year if AI is fully used. The rise of AI is transforming how the drug industry works. AI-native biotech businesses are emerging, especially in the U. S. and China. Drug firms are partnering with these biotech companies and also with tech giants like Amazon, Google and Microsoft. Some tech firms are even developing platforms to design drugs entirely through computer simulations. For instance, Google’s AlphaFold has already solved complex problems regarding protein structures. However, challenges remain. Governments may need to speed up regulatory reviews as the number of drug candidates increases. Patient data sharing must also be encouraged in privacy-protecting ways. Furthermore, patent rules may require adjustment if AI reduces the cost and risk of innovation. AI brings good news for medicine, but ensuring it benefits both drugmakers and patients requires the industry and regulators to adjust to this new reality. 25．What is the primary challenge for traditional drug companies? A．The shortage of breakthrough treatments. B．Inability to discover effective drug candidates. C．Limited access to cutting-edge research technologies. D．Long duration and economic burdens of drug development. 26．From paragraph 2, how does AI benefit clinical trials? A．By designing new molecules. B．By helping select suitable patients. C．By discovering new effective drugs. D．By detecting proper drug targets. 27．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．AI-driven changes in the drug industry. B．The rise of AI-native biotech firms. C．Google’s achievements in protein structures. D．Tech giants’ partnerships with drugmakers. 28．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Patent rules are fixed for AI innovation. B．Faster reviews can protect patient data privacy. C．Policies should be revised for the benefits from AI. D．Advanced systems are essential for drug innovation. 【答案】25．D 26．B 27．A 28．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了生成式AI如何通过提高药物发现效率、降低成本并加速临床试验，从而改变传统药物开发高风险、长周期的现状，同时指出仍需调整监管与专利政策以确保各方受益。 25．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Drug development has long been known as a high-risk and high-cost process.(药物开发一直被认为是一个高风险、高成本的过程。)”以及“The journey from initial discovery to a marketable drug often spans 10 to 15 years, and the cost for a single drug is estimated at roughly $2.8 billion.(从最初的发现到上市药物的过程通常需要10到15年，而一种药物的成本估计约为28亿美元。)”可知，传统药物研发本身具备周期长、成本高、风险高的特点，因此，传统制药公司的主要挑战是研发周期长和经济负担重。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In addition, they can improve clinical trials by analysing health records to identify patients most likely to benefit from new treatments.(此外，它们可以通过分析健康记录来识别最可能从新治疗中获益的患者，从而改进临床试验)”可知，AI通过帮助选择合适患者使临床试验受益。故选B。 27．主旨大意题。第四段首句“The rise of AI is transforming how the drug industry works.(AI的崛起正在改变制药行业的运作方式)”点明主旨：人工智能改变制药行业的运作方式；随后通过AI原生生物技术公司的涌现、制药公司与科技巨头的合作、计算机模拟设计药物平台以及谷歌AlphaFold的例子，详细阐述了AI给制药行业带来的改变。因此第四段主要讲AI驱动的制药行业变革。故选A。 28．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Governments may need to speed up regulatory reviews as the number of drug candidates increases. Patient data sharing must also be encouraged in privacy-protecting ways. Furthermore, patent rules may require adjustment if AI reduces the cost and risk of innovation. AI brings good news for medicine, but ensuring it benefits both drugmakers and patients requires the industry and regulators to adjust to this new reality.(随着候选药物数量的增加，政府可能需要加快监管审查的速度。还必须以保护隐私的方式鼓励患者数据共享。此外，如果人工智能降低了创新的成本和风险，专利规则可能需要调整。人工智能给医药带来了好消息，但要确保它对制药商和患者都有利，就需要行业和监管机构适应这一新的现实。)”可知，AI应用仍存在挑战，需要监管层调整政策：加快审批流程、调整专利规则、在保护隐私前提下共享患者数据，最终才能让AI同时惠及药企和患者，即政策应进行调整以便从AI中获益。故选C。 08（2026·广东阳江·二模）Thomas has an engaging view from his Amsterdam flat. His street is lined with imposing 17th-Century canal houses-but what he sees each day is distinctly modern. Day after day, tourists form long queues (队伍) on the bridge, holding up €5.50 box of fries against the backdrop for online posts. Fabel Friet is the place to get fries in Amsterdam. The brand opened its first shop in 2020 and blew up on TikTok in 2023; ever since, its original location has drawn constant lines. A few meters away, a Korean sandwich shop has similar queues. Amsterdam is far from the only city where people are waiting for mouth-watering food. New York’s L’Industrie draws hour-long queues for a slice of pizza. Getting a salt beef bagel (贝果) at London institution Beigel Bake is a test in loyalty and patience, while Fukuoka’s I’m Donut? trend has gone global. Across the world, travelers are now willing to wait an hour or more for trendy takes. But psychologists say that these lines aren’t really about the food at all; they reveal how social media, status and performance are reshaping modern travel. A queue doesn’t just signal popularity; it has a powerful psychological influence. The fear of missing out (FOMO) is the strongest explanation for why people wait for food they’ve only heard about. For positive experiences, when people see other people in line for something, it makes the “thing” people are queuing up for seem more desirable and elicits FOMO. Whether we realize it or not, waiting in line for trending food is all part of a broader performance. People aren’t just eating the viral food — they’re filming themselves doing it, with their subsequent posts indicating that they’re onto something special. Viral dishes spread across social media before the travelers arrive, and millions watch others try them on camera. And because so much of this performance now happens online, the places people visit aren’t discovered through wandering; they’re delivered by algorithms (算 法). That changes not just how travelers behave, but where they go in the first place. 29．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The development of local food shops. B．The historical attractions of Amsterdam. C．The popularity of viral food with tourists. D．The effect of social media on old buildings. 30．Why does the author mention examples of other cities? A．To prove the trend’s global spread. B．To show the variety of local food. C．To present ways of attracting tourists. D．To compare various eating preferences. 31．What does the underlined word“elicits” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Relies on. B．Sticks with. C．Turns to. D．Brings about. 32．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Influences of Tourists on Local Life B．Why Travelers Queue for Viral Food? C．One Psychological Secret in Social Media D．What Makes Local Food Popular Worldwide? 【答案】29．C 30．A 31．D 32．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹等地出现游客为网红美食排长队的现象，并通过心理学家的观点，揭示了这种现象背后的原因——社交媒体、社会地位和自我展示正在重塑现代旅行，排队并非只为美食本身。 29．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Day after day, tourists form long queues (队伍) on the bridge, holding up €5.50 box of fries against the backdrop for online posts. Fabel Friet is the place to get fries in Amsterdam. The brand opened its first shop in 2020 and blew up on TikTok in 2023; ever since, its original location has drawn constant lines. A few meters away, a Korean sandwich shop has similar queues.(日复一日，游客们在桥上排起长队，拿着5.5欧元的薯条盒，以周围景致为背景拍照发到网上。Fabel Friet是阿姆斯特丹买薯条的地方。该品牌于2020年开设了第一家店，2023年在TikTok上走红；从那以后，它的原店就一直排着长队。几米之外，一家韩国三明治店也有类似的队伍。)”可知，第一段主要讲述了网红食物在游客中很受欢迎。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段“Amsterdam is far from the only city where people are waiting for mouth-watering food. New York’s L’Industrie draws hour-long queues for a slice of pizza. Getting a salt beef bagel (贝果) at London institution Beigel Bake is a test in loyalty and patience, while Fukuoka’s I’m Donut? trend has gone global.(阿姆斯特丹远不是唯一一个人们等待令人垂涎的食物的城市。纽约的L’Industrie为了一片披萨会排上一个小时的队。在伦敦的老字号Beigel Bake买一个咸牛肉贝果是对忠诚和耐心的考验，而福冈的“我是甜甜圈？”潮流已经走向全球。)”可推知，作者提到其他城市的例子是为了证明这种趋势在全球的传播。 31．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“For positive experiences, when people see other people in line for something, it makes the “thing” people are queuing up for seem more desirable and elicits FOMO.(对于积极的体验来说，当人们看到其他人在排队等待某样东西时，会让人们排队等待的“东西”看起来更令人渴望，并elicits错失恐惧症。)”可知，人们看到别人排队，会觉得排队的东西更有吸引力，进而产生错失恐惧症，由此可推断“elicits”意为“引发、带来”。D项“带来、引发”与语境一致。 32．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Day after day, tourists form long queues (队伍) on the bridge, holding up €5.50 box of fries against the backdrop for online posts. Fabel Friet is the place to get fries in Amsterdam. The brand opened its first shop in 2020 and blew up on TikTok in 2023; ever since, its original location has drawn constant lines. A few meters away, a Korean sandwich shop has similar queues.(日复一日，游客们在桥上排起长队，拿着5.5欧元的薯条盒，以桥为背景拍照发到网上。Fabel Friet是阿姆斯特丹买薯条的地方。该品牌于2020年开设了第一家店，2023年在TikTok上走红；从那以后，它的原店就一直排着长队。几米之外，一家韩国三明治店也有类似的队伍。)”以及第三段“Across the world, travelers are now willing to wait an hour or more for trendy takes. But psychologists say that these lines aren’t really about the food at all; they reveal how social media, status and performance are reshaping modern travel.(在世界各地，旅行者现在愿意为一个时髦的选择等待一个小时或更长时间。但心理学家表示，这些排队现象其实与食物无关；它们揭示了社交媒体、身份地位和表现如何重塑现代旅行。)”可知，文章主要讨论了游客为什么愿意排队购买网红食物，B选项“Why Travelers Queue for Viral Food?(为什么旅行者要排队买网红食物？)”最符合文章主旨。 09（25-26高二上·广东江门·期末）Facial recognition technology has quickly developed from a futuristic concept to a common identification tool in daily life. From boarding planes and logging into bank accounts to entering residential areas, tech firms and service providers widely promote face-scanning as the most efficient and secure choice, promising a smooth, convenient experience. Yet this technological convenience has caused strong public debate and serious privacy concerns. Major retailers (零售商) in several countries have been fined for collecting customers’ facial data without clear permission, a practice that deeply damages public trust. The issue becomes more sensitive when it involves children: many schools test the technology for campus entry and cafeteria payments, while social media platforms plan to use it for age confirmation. Notably, some tech companies have been exposed for improperly storing minors’ facial data, a trend that raises alarms about lifelong risks for a generation living under constant digital monitoring. Beyond unapproved collection, a key worry among experts is the permanence of facial data. Unlike passwords, PINs, or even passports, your face cannot be replaced. Once a facial scan is stored in a database, it remains there indefinitely, creating a permanent digital identity that may be stolen. Such data leaks can lead to harm that cannot be undone, including lifelong identity theft. Furthermore, the technology is still imperfect: recorded cases of misidentification have put innocent people on security watchlists, leading to repeated questioning, while inaccurate age-assessing systems may either restrict teenagers’ access to appropriate online services or expose them to harmful content. While supporters highlight real benefits — such as faster airport security and assisting police in solving crimes in public spaces — the risks currently outweigh the rewards. We can replace a stolen credit card or passport, but never our faces. Thus, before facial recognition is widely used, governments must introduce strict, clear rules for data collection, storage, and usage. The key question remains: is the promised convenience worth the potential, permanent cost to our privacy and security? 33．Why were some major retailers fined? A．They used the technology secretly. B．They collected data without approval. C．They failed to protect children’s data. D．They provided inaccurate age systems. 34．What’s the third paragraph mainly about? A．The technical flaws of age- assessing systems. B．The permanent damage caused by identity theft. C．The differences between facial data and passwords. D．The potential risks of facial recognition technology. 35．What can be inferred about facial recognition technology? A．It is perfectly safe for all users. B．Its benefits clearly outweigh risks. C．It needs immediate government rules. D．It is widely accepted without concerns. 36．What is the author’s attitude towards facial recognition technology? A．Opposed and critical. B．Cautious and concerned. C．Objective and factual. D．Supportive and enthusiastic. 【答案】33．B 34．D 35．C 36．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文，本文讨论了面部识别技术的快速发展及其在日常生活中的广泛应用，同时也指出了该技术引发的隐私和安全问题。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Major retailers (零售商) in several countries have been fined for collecting customers’ facial data without clear permission, a practice that deeply damages public trust.(在一些国家，一些大型零售商因未经明确许可就收集顾客的面部数据而被罚款，这种做法严重损害了公众的信任)”可知，一些大型零售商被罚款是因为他们未经允许收集顾客的面部数据。故选B。 34．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“Beyond unapproved collection, a key worry among experts is the permanence of facial data.(除了未经批准的收集之外，专家们的主要担忧之一是面部数据的永久性)”和“Such data leaks can lead to harm that cannot be undone, including lifelong identity theft. Furthermore, the technology is still imperfect: recorded cases of misidentification have put innocent people on security watchlists, leading to repeated questioning, while inaccurate age-assessing systems may either restrict teenagers’ access to appropriate online services or expose them to harmful content.(此类数据泄露可能会造成无法挽回的损害，包括终身的身份盗窃。此外，该技术仍存在缺陷：已记录的误识别案例已将无辜人员列入安全观察名单，导致他们反复接受询问，而不准确的年龄评估系统可能要么限制青少年使用适当的在线服务，要么使他们接触到有害内容)”可知，本段讲述了面部数据具有永久性的特点，此类数据泄露可能会造成无法挽回的损害，以及该技术存在的缺陷（误识别、年龄误判），故本段主要是关于面部识别技术的潜在风险。故选D。 35．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thus, before facial recognition is widely used, governments must introduce strict, clear rules for data collection, storage, and usage.(因此，在面部识别得到广泛应用之前，政府必须为数据收集、存储和使用制定严格、明确的规则)”可知，面部识别技术需要政府立即规范。故选C。 36．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“While supporters highlight real benefits — such as faster airport security and assisting police in solving crimes in public spaces — the risks currently outweigh the rewards.(虽然支持者强调了实际的好处——比如更快的机场安检和协助警方在公共场所破案——但目前的风险仍然大于收益)”可知，作者承认面熟识别技术的实际好处，但重点强调其目前的风险大于收益，体现出谨慎的态度；最后一句“The key question remains: is the promised convenience worth the potential, permanent cost to our privacy and security?(关键问题仍然存在：这种承诺的便利性是否值得对我们的隐私和安全造成潜在的、永久性的损害？)”的提问体现出作者担忧的态度。故选B。 10（2026·湖北襄阳·二模）A friend recently sent me a video about running a modern game on an old television by YouTuber Any Austin. I thought it’d be silly. But after playing for a little bit, Any Austin realized that, once you get used to it, playing a modern game on an old TV just doesn’t feel that different. Sure, there were annoyances — certain things were cropped off the screen — but for the most part, the game was just as fun as on a contemporary one. The psychological phenomenon, known as hedonic adaptation or hedonic treadmill (享乐跑步机) , has been documented since at least the 1970s. The process of hedonic adaptation is conceptualized as a treadmill, since no matter how hard one tries to be happier, one remains in the same place. There may be a sudden, large increase in happiness after a wedding, a promotion at work, or buying a new TV, but that is ephemeral — people tend to eventually return to their previous levels of happiness. The same thing is true about negative life changes. The hedonic adaptation process generally involves cognitive changes, such as shifting values and goals. It can also be driven by the tendency of humans to construct complex reasoning for considering themselves deprived (被剥夺的) through a process social theorist Gregg Easterbrook calls “abundance denial”. Additionally, neurochemical (神经化学的) processes might reduce the activity of overstimulated hedonic pathways in the brain, which prevents constantly high levels of intense positive or negative feelings. The same psychological principle is at work when you play games on an old TV. Purchasing your dream TV may initially boost your happiness, making games more enjoyable. However, your satisfaction will eventually return to its baseline level. Later, upon learning of a newer model, you may make another purchase to regain that initial boost. So spending more time thinking about how much you enjoy the things you already have can help sustain satisfaction longer. The key isn’t to avoid technology but to realize how quickly we get used to improvements. 37．What did Any Austin think of playing the game on an old TV? A．Pleasant. B．Demanding. C．Simple. D．Depressing. 38．What does the underlined word “ephemeral” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Consistent. B．Temporary. C．Predictable. D．Dominant. 39．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The neurochemical factors in emotion regulation. B．The different theories proposed by social theorists. C．The emotional consequence of hedonic treadmill. D．The underlying mechanism of hedonic adaptation. 40．What is the author’s suggestion on resisting the desire for new things? A．Rejecting advanced electronics. B．Purchasing fewer products. C．Appreciating current possessions. D．Upgrading existing facilities. 【答案】37．A 38．B 39．D 40．C 【导语】文章主要论述了“享乐适应”现象并建议通过珍惜现有物品来维持满足感。 37．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But after playing for a little bit, Any Austin realized that, once you get used to it, playing a modern game on an old TV just doesn’t feel that different. Sure, there were annoyances — certain things were cropped off the screen — but for the most part, the game was just as fun as on a contemporary one.(但体验片刻后，Any Austin发现，一旦适应之后，在老式电视上玩现代游戏，其实并没有太大差别。诚然，体验中存在一些不便 —— 屏幕会裁剪掉部分画面，但总体而言，游戏乐趣和在新式电视上别无二致。)”可知，Any Austin认为在旧电视上玩游戏是愉快的。 38．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“There may be a sudden, large increase in happiness after a wedding, a promotion at work, or buying a new TV, but that is ephemeral— people tend to eventually return to their previous levels of happiness.(在婚礼、工作升职或购买新电视后，幸福感可能会突然大幅增加，但这是ephemeral——人们最终往往会回到之前的幸福水平。)”可知，在婚礼、工作升职或购买新电视后，幸福感可能会突然大幅增加，但这种幸福感是短暂的，人们最终往往会回到之前的幸福水平。由此可知，ephemeral意为“短暂的”。 39．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The hedonic adaptation process generally involves cognitive changes, such as shifting values and goals. It can also be driven by the tendency of humans to construct complex reasoning for considering themselves deprived (被剥夺的) through a process social theorist Gregg Easterbrook calls “abundance denial”. Additionally, neurochemical (神经化学的) processes might reduce the activity of overstimulated hedonic pathways in the brain, which prevents constantly high levels of intense positive or negative feelings.(享乐适应过程通常涉及认知变化，如价值观和目标的转变。它也可能是由人类倾向于通过社会理论家格雷格·伊斯特布鲁克所说的“丰盈否定”过程来构建复杂的推理，认为自己被剥夺了。此外，神经化学过程可能会减少大脑中过度刺激的享乐途径的活动，从而防止持续高水平的强烈积极或消极情绪。)”可知，第三段主要讲了享乐适应的潜在机制。 40．推理判断题。根据最后一段“So spending more time thinking about how much you enjoy the things you already have can help sustain satisfaction longer. The key isn’t to avoid technology but to realize how quickly we get used to improvements.(因此，多用心感受、珍惜当下所拥有的事物，能让满足感延续得更久。关键不在于抗拒科技，而是要认清：我们对生活中的升级与改善，适应速度远比想象中更快。)”可知，作者建议通过欣赏现有物品来抵制对新事物的渴望。 第二部分：文章大意题专练10篇（记叙文+说明文+议论文） 01（2026·重庆沙坪坝·二模）With an ageing population, the ‘downsizing dilemma’ is one confronting thousands of older Australians. For the Sydney couple, Anne and Dudley, they made the choice to downsize into independent living before any health crisis forced them to. Their decision was clear. They no longer needed a large house for big parties. Research shows most want to stay in their local area, and for them, it was an easy one — they could see their new apartment, ‘The Grove by Elysium,’ from their old house’s balcony. However, letting go was the hardest part. Their home was filled with items of emotional attachment. They passed some, like a 1927 dining table, to their grandchildren, and donated other pieces to charity. “You can’t keep it all,” Anne says. Since the move, life has become simpler and more enjoyable. Living in a smaller space is easy to keep clean, and they have no maintenance worries. They’ve also embraced the community’s social life, participating in yoga, walking groups, and happy hours. Dudley, with balance issues, uses the onsite pool regularly. Most importantly, they feel a sense of security. “We have comfort knowing that if anything happens, we are already here. We don’t have to move again,” says Dudley. Helping them through this emotional transition was their granddaughter, Emma O’ Sullivan, a professional organizer. The experience with her grandparents gave her a new perspective, deepening her empathy for clients. Her company now helps families with the entire downsizing process, handling everything from removing unnecessary items to setting up the new home with care and patience. 1．Why did the Sydney couple decide to downsize? A．They had to move due to health problems. B．They wanted to escape from the local area. C．They needed to save money for big parties. D．They considered a large house unnecessary. 2．What does the underlined phrase “letting go” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Giving up jobs. B．Forgetting past life experiences. C．Selling old furniture. D．Parting with memorable possessions. 3．What has Emma O’ Sullivan been doing recently? A．Organizing social activities. B．Dealing with personal items. C．Assisting with downsizing process. D．Providing emotional guidance. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Less is more. B．Smaller space, happier elders. C．More downsizers, better communities. D．Forgetting the past, embracing the future. 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了人口老龄化下，一对悉尼夫妇主动缩小住房，忍痛舍弃怀旧旧物。迁居后生活轻松安心，其孙女也由此创业，专门帮助家庭完成精简搬家的全过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They no longer needed a large house for big parties.(他们不再需要那么大的房子来举办大型聚会了)”可知，这对悉尼的夫妇决定减少住房面积是因为他们认为大房子并非必要之物。故选D。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“Their home was filled with items of emotional attachment. They passed some, like a 1927 dining table, to their grandchildren, and donated other pieces to charity.(他们的家中摆满了承载着深厚情感的物品。他们将一些物品，比如一张1927年的餐桌，传给了自己的孙辈，而将其他一些物品则捐赠给了慈善机构)”可知，家里满是饱含情感的物品，需要转送、捐赠，letting go指割舍承载回忆与情感的私人物品。故划线词意思是“舍弃那些珍贵的物品”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Her company now helps families with the entire downsizing process, handling everything from removing unnecessary items to setting up the new home with care and patience.(她的公司现在会为家庭提供整个减缩物品的全过程服务，涵盖从清理多余物品到精心布置新家等所有环节，而且整个过程都充满耐心与细心)”可知，艾玛·奥·沙利文最近在协助进行缩小住房的过程。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Since the move, life has become simpler and more enjoyable. Living in a smaller space is easy to keep clean, and they have no maintenance worries.(自从搬家以来，生活变得更加简单且更加愉快了。居住在一个较小的空间里便于保持整洁，而且他们也不用担心维护问题)”结合文章主要说明了人口老龄化下，一对悉尼夫妇主动缩小住房，忍痛舍弃怀旧旧物。迁居后生活轻松安心，其孙女也由此创业，专门帮助家庭完成精简搬家的全过程。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是更小居住空间，让老人生活更幸福。故选B。 02（25-26高三下·陕西商洛·阶段检测）Where does the inspiration come from? Photographer Levon Biss got it when looking at beetles (甲虫) from his garden. He recently bought a microscope for his son. For fun, they placed a beetle under the lens. “It blew me away,” Biss recalls. “It was beautiful.” He wondered if he could capture that beauty in a photograph. Until then, Biss had made a career as a commercial photographer. Insects gave his work a new goal. Around the world, insect populations are in decline because of pesticides (杀虫剂), habitat loss, and climate change. Biss thought that if people could see what he saw through his son’s microscope, they would care more about protecting insects. “I’ve got a photographic technique and a skill,” he says. “If I can do this, I should use it for a better purpose.” Biss turned to a type of photography that involves taking close-up pictures of small things, like flowers or bugs. His pictures show the insects in all their wonderful, microscopic detail. A few years ago, Biss exhibited his first insect project, Microsculpture. That’s a scientific term. For his latest exhibition, Extinct and Endangered, Biss photographed bugs from the collection at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. With the help of the museum’s scientists, he selected bugs that were either extinct or endangered. What is more wonderful is that Biss blows them up into larger-than-life images to be displayed in the exhibition. Some are eight feet tall. “It’s a humbling experience when you’re holding an insect that’s extinct,” Biss says. “The human species is responsible for the current insect crisis. It’s sad to know this insect will never be on this planet again.” Biss hopes his photographs will get people thinking the same way. “The way I work is through pictures. I communicate visually in the way a writer communicates through words,” he says. “Hopefully, these pictures can shake things up and get people to pay attention.” 5．What inspired Biss to take pictures of insects? A．His job as a photographer. B．The insect’s beauty he found. C．The microscope he had bought. D．His dream to hold an exhibition. 6．What does the underlined phrase “a better purpose” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Taking close-up pictures of flowers or bugs. B．Practicing his relevant photography skills. C．Encouraging people to protect insects. D．Passing on knowledge about endangered insects. 7．What can we infer about Biss’ latest exhibition? A．It’s held in the American Museum of Natural History. B．Its photos were about common living insects. C．It features insects from his personal collection. D．Its pictures were much larger than normal insects. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．A photographer’s action to protect insects. B．A new way to take pictures of insects. C．The quiet beauty of declining insects. D．Learn more about insects’ present situation. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 【导语】文章讲述了摄影师莱文・比斯因偶然发现甲虫的微观之美，开始拍摄昆虫，借微距摄影及濒危、灭绝昆虫巨型影像展览，唤醒大众保护昆虫的意识。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Where does the inspiration come from? Photographer Levon Biss got it when looking at beetles (甲虫) from his garden. He recently bought a microscope for his son. For fun, they placed a beetle under the lens. “It blew me away,” Biss recalls. “It was beautiful.” He wondered if he could capture that beauty in a photograph. (灵感从何而来？摄影师莱文・比斯的灵感，源自观察自家花园里的甲虫。他曾为儿子购置了一台显微镜。父子俩一时兴起，将一只甲虫放到镜头下观察。“我瞬间被震撼了，”比斯回忆道，“它美得不可思议”他开始思考，能否用镜头定格这份独特的美丽。)”可知，比斯和儿子把花园里的甲虫放在显微镜下后，被甲虫的美震撼，于是想要把这种美用照片捕捉下来，因此是他发现的昆虫之美激发了他拍摄昆虫的想法。 6．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Around the world, insect populations are in decline because of pesticides (杀虫剂), habitat loss, and climate change. Biss thought that if people could see what he saw through his son’s microscope, they would care more about protecting insects. “I’ve got a photographic technique and a skill,” he says. “If I can do this, I should use it for a better purpose.” (受杀虫剂使用、栖息地破坏与气候变化影响，全球昆虫数量正在不断减少。比斯认为，如果人们能看到他在显微镜下所见的景象，就会更加重视昆虫保护。“我拥有摄影技法与专业能力”他说，“倘若可以做到，我就该用这份能力去a better purpose”)”可知，前文提到全球昆虫数量因为人类活动下降，比斯认为如果人们看到昆虫的美，就会更愿意保护昆虫，因此他说的“a better purpose”就是用自己的摄影技术呼吁人们保护昆虫。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“For his latest exhibition, Extinct and Endangered, Biss photographed bugs from the collection at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. With the help of the museum’s scientists, he selected bugs that were either extinct or endangered. What is more wonderful is that Biss blows them up into larger-than-life images to be displayed in the exhibition. Some are eight feet tall. (最新展览《灭绝与濒危》中，他拍摄了纽约美国自然历史博物馆馆藏的昆虫标本。在馆内科学家的协助下，他挑选出已经灭绝或濒临灭绝的昆虫。更令人惊叹的是，他将这些影像放大，制作成远超昆虫实际尺寸的展品，部分画作高达八英尺。)”可知，比斯把昆虫照片放大到比昆虫本身还大，部分照片甚至有八英尺高，因此可以推断照片比真实昆虫大很多。 8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Biss hopes his photographs will get people thinking the same way. “The way I work is through pictures. I communicate visually in the way a writer communicates through words,” he says. “Hopefully, these pictures can shake things up and get people to pay attention.” (比斯希望他的照片也能让人们以同样的方式思考。“我的工作方式是通过照片。我以视觉的方式交流，就像作家通过文字交流一样”他说。“希望这些照片能改变现状，引起人们的关注”)”可知，全文围绕摄影师比斯展开：从偶然发现昆虫微观美，到用摄影技术拍摄展出濒危昆虫，目的是唤醒大众保护昆虫的意识，文章核心是这位摄影师为保护昆虫做出的行动。 03（25-26高三上·山西吕梁·月考）Oscar Maldonado, an Australian carpenter, found an injured magpie (喜鹊) during his lunch break four years ago. The bird had a broken wing and looked at him helplessly. “I couldn’t just walk away,” Maldonado remembers. He took the bird home, named her Pip and cared for her until she was healthy again. Surprisingly, Pip did not leave after recovering. Instead, she stayed, following Maldonado around his workshop and even copying the sound of his saw. This unexpected friendship gave him an idea. Maldonado began creating small, detailed wooden birdhouses. He didn’t sell them but placed them for free in local parks and schools to help city birds. His project, called “Homes for Wings” started small. He used leftover wood from his workshop. Soon, pictures of his beautiful birdhouses -shaped like tiny castles, cottages, and even a small opera house — became popular online. People volunteered to help build and install more birdhouses. A local store offered free materials. At first, some people wondered if the birdhouses were more for humans than for birds. Maldonado talked to wildlife experts to make sure his designs were safe, comfortable and good for local birds. He made changes like adjusting the size of the entrance holes and adding proper ventilation (通风). So far, “Homes for Wings” has placed over 1,000 birdhouses across the city. Maldonado now works fewer hours as a carpenter to focus on the project. “It’s not about me or my skills,” he says. “It’s about reminding people that we share our world with other living things. If a simple birdhouse can make someone stop and notice the birds. that’s a success.” He believes this connection is important. “We’re always busy. We look at our phones, not at nature. Maybe a birdhouse can help people look up and listen.” Pip, now healthy, still visits his workshop every day, reminding him how a small act of kindness can grow into something bigger. 9．Why did Maldonado begin the project “Homes for Wings”? A．He wanted to become popular online. B．A wildlife expert encouraged him to start. C．His experience with a magpie inspired him. D．There was a great need for birdhouses in his city. 10．How did Maldonado respond to the doubt about his birdhouses? A．He began selling them to make money. B．He had volunteers watch the birdhouses. C．He changed the materials he used. D．He consulted experts to improve the design. 11．Which of the following best describes Maldonado? A．Ambitious and confident. B．Caring and socially responsible. C．Creative and business-minded. D．Adventurous and independent. 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．Helping birds and reconnecting people with nature. B．Protecting wildlife and sharing a better world. C．Turning personal skills into a successful business. D．Gaining community support due to online popularity. 【答案】9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了澳大利亚木匠奥斯卡·马尔多纳多发起“Homes for Wings”项目的过程和意义。 9．细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“This unexpected friendship gave him an idea. Maldonado began creating small, detailed wooden birdhouses.(这段意想不到的友谊给了他一个主意。Maldonado开始制作小巧精致的木制鸟舍。)”可知，是与喜鹊 Pip 的意外友谊启发了Maldonado开始“Homes for Wings”项目。故选C项。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“Maldonado talked to wildlife experts to make sure his designs were safe, comfortable and good for local birds. He made changes like adjusting the size of the entrance holes and adding proper ventilation.(马尔多纳多与野生动物专家进行了交谈，以确保他的设计安全、舒适，并对当地的鸟类有益。他做了一些改变，比如调整入口洞的大小，增加适当的通风。)”可知，Maldonado咨询专家以改进设计。故选D项。 11．推理判断题。综合全文Maldonado的行为：““I couldn’t just walk away,” Maldonado remembers. He took the bird home, named her Pip and cared for her until she was healthy again.(“我不能一走了之，”马尔多纳多回忆道。他把这只鸟带回家，给她起名叫Pip，一直照顾她直到她恢复健康。)”；免费为公园和学校制作鸟屋“Maldonado began creating small, detailed wooden birdhouses. He didn’t sell them but placed them for free in local parks and schools to help city birds.(Maldonado开始制作小巧精致的木制鸟舍。他没有卖掉它们，而是把它们免费放在当地的公园和学校里，帮助城市里的鸟类。)”，并强调“It’s about reminding people that we share our world with other living things.(它是为了提醒人们，我们与其他生物分享我们的世界。)”，这些行为共同体现了他的爱心与社会责任感。故选B项。 12．主旨大意题。文章围绕 Maldonado如何通过制作鸟屋帮助鸟类，并借此让人们重新关注自然，与自然建立联系展开。特别是最后一段他说的话“It’s about reminding people that we share our world with other living things.(它是为了提醒人们，我们与其他生物分享我们的世界。)”和“Maybe a birdhouse can help people look up and listen.(也许鸟舍可以帮助人们抬头倾听。)”表明了文章主旨是帮助鸟类并让人们与自然重新建立联系。故选A项。 04（2026·福建厦门·二模）Getting the most out of going to galleries involves more than just showing up. While a casual approach — “I don’t know much about art, but I know what I like” — might satisfy some, truly appreciating a painting requires a determination to go deeper. Trust your eyes. The visual arts are not called the visual arts for nothing. Art is made to be looked at. And when your eyes decide whether they like something or not, they are drawing on the experience of a lifetime. So trust your eyes when they whisper their first impressions. Why do so many people love Van Gogh’s Sunflowers? The moment you see them, they feel uplifting, joyous, and instantly pleasurable, reminding your eyes of the colour, mood and joy of a sunny day. Your eyes may be the most important organ for looking at art, but the heart runs them a close second. When we look at a painting, we get somebody’s message sent to us. One heart is trying to speak to another. Take Daughters Chasing a Butterfly by Thomas Gainsborough for example. The first thing to feel is, of course, the artist’s love for his little girls. To my eyes, it’s entirely unmissable. The two girls, their faces recorded with so much insider skills, are chasing a butterfly, which has landed on a prickly (有刺的) plant. When they try to grab it, they might get hurt. So a loving daddy hasn’t just painted his love for his daughters. He has also painted — and this is where the heart comes in — his fears for them. If you judge art by your own level of competence or understanding, you’re looking at art through a blindfold. In Truner’s The Fighting Temeraire, the old boat, bathed in an orange and purple sunset, is packed with significance and symbolism about a lost life and the end of the road. Just look at the power, the intensity, the volcanic brilliance of his depiction (描绘). Instead of limiting your appreciation to what you like, expand it to include what many others have liked before you. Like all life’s profound pleasures, looking at art is a complex business. More accurately, it’s a pleasure with many layers and stages. But for the experienced art lover, the real joy is in the build-up, the delicious journey, the awesome pay-off. 13．What are viewers advised to do first in looking at art? A．Go over the history of art. B．Draw on artists’ experience. C．Compare with other artwork. D．Rely on initial visual impressions. 14．Why is Gainsborough’s painting mentioned in paragraph 3? A．Love is popular in family-themed paintings. B．Viewing art involves heart-to-heart connection. C．Art is a visual record of an artist’s personal life. D．Viewers are easily struck by the skills of artists. 15．What does the author suggest about judging art in paragraph 4? A．Considering others’ opinions. B．Trusting your own judgment. C．Sticking to personal taste. D．Turning to realistic works. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．How to better engage with art. B．How to read artists’ emotion. C．How to better evaluate visual arts. D．How to analyze famous paintings. 【答案】13．D 14．B 15．A 16．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了如何更深入地欣赏艺术作品。 13．细节理解题。根据第二段“So trust your eyes when they whisper their first impressions.(所以，当你的眼睛轻声传达第一印象时，要相信它们)”可知，在欣赏艺术作品时，作者建议观众首先依靠最初的视觉印象，故选D项。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段“When we look at a painting, we get somebody’s message sent to us. One heart is trying to speak to another. Take Daughters Chasing a Butterfly by Thomas Gainsborough for example.(当我们看一幅画时，我们接收到了某人传递给我们的信息。一颗心试图与另一颗心对话。以托马斯·庚斯博罗的《女儿们追逐蝴蝶》为例)”可知，提到庚斯博罗的画是为了说明欣赏艺术涉及心灵与心灵的连接，故选B项。 15．细节理解题。根据第四段“Instead of limiting your appreciation to what you like, expand it to include what many others have liked before you.(不要把你的鉴赏局限于自己喜欢的事物，而应拓宽眼界，去接纳那些在你之前就已被无数人喜爱的作品)”可知，作者建议在评判艺术时考虑他人的意见，故选A项。 16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Getting the most out of going to galleries involves more than just showing up. While a casual approach — “I don’t know much about art, but I know what I like” — might satisfy some, truly appreciating a painting requires a determination to go deeper.(想要充分享受逛美术馆的乐趣，仅仅到场是远远不够的。虽然 “我不懂艺术，但我知道自己喜欢什么” 这种随性的态度或许能让一些人感到满足，但真正欣赏一幅画作，需要有决心去看得更深)”可知，文章围绕如何更好地欣赏艺术展开，介绍了欣赏艺术的方法，如相信最初视觉印象、感受心灵连接、考虑他人意见等，A选项“How to better engage with art.（如何更好地欣赏艺术。）”能概括文章主要内容。故选A项。 05（2026·北京石景山·一模）For a long period, many parents have assumed that additional mathematics exercises and an increased number of after-school classes represent the most reliable route to improving a child’s prospects. More recently, however, a research team at the University of Melbourne has directed attention to a different type of educational experience: sustained participation in school-based arts programmes. Their ten-year longitudinal study indicates that regular engagement in the arts is associated with enhanced emotional well-being, greater social confidence and higher levels of engagement with academic work. The researchers tracked nearly 8,500 students from Grade 3 through Grade 12. At two-year intervals, the students reported the frequency with which they joined school bands, took part in theatrical performances, contributed to designing stage sets or posters, or attended art clubs after school. At the same time, teachers systematically documented observable changes in classroom behaviour, including whether students completed homework on time, participated in group discussions or displayed disruptive conduct during lessons. When the team compared students from broadly similar family backgrounds, a consistent pattern emerged. Those who participated in arts activities at least once a week were, on average, less anxious and more optimistic about their future than peers who rarely took part. Students in the arts-participation group were also more likely to remain in school through to graduation and to report that “school is a place where I belong.” The researchers then sought to explore potential mechanisms underlying these outcomes. Interviews with students pointed to several contributory factors. Rehearsing (排练) for a concert or a play, for instance, required them to manage their time carefully, attend to the views of others and tolerate feedback in the presence of their peers. Some quieter students reported discovering that they could communicate strong emotions through a role on stage or through the use of colour and form on a canvas (画布). The study stops short of presenting arts education as a simple guarantee of success. Even so, the authors contend that when schools reduce provision in music or art in order to create additional time for test preparation, they may unintentionally remove one of the few environments in which certain students feel recognised and valued. On this basis, the researchers recommend that schools maintain a basic level of arts provision, particularly in communities experiencing economic pressure. 17．What can be inferred about school arts activities? A．It leads to higher marks in school subjects. B．It gives students a stronger sense of belonging. C．It takes the place of academic support after class. D．It is designed for students from well-off families. 18．What can we learn from this passage? A．Arts education has limited value in exam-driven systems. B．Test practice changes when schools increase arts activities. C．Parents are the force behind the reduction of arts programmes. D．Cutting arts provision has side effects that are easy to overlook. 19．What does the author mainly do in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Present a research project and its implications. B．Compare different types of after-school classes. C．Highlight a viewpoint with various after-school activities. D．Challenge a common belief through interviews with students. 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．How school arts education aids students’ development. B．How exam pressure changes parents’ assumptions for education. C．How students gradually lose their motivation for communication. D．How researchers record and assess students’ after-school behaviours. 【答案】17．B 18．D 19．A 20．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究发现，持续参与学校艺术活动可提升学生情绪健康、社交自信与学业参与度，还能增强归属感；学校不应为备考削减艺术课程，而应保留基础艺术教育。 17．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Students in the arts-participation group were also more likely to remain in school through to graduation and to report that “school is a place where I belong.”(参与艺术活动的学生也更有可能顺利完成学业，并表示“学校是我归属的地方”。)”可推知，艺术活动能让学生产生更强的校园归属感。故选B项。 18．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Even so, the authors contend that when schools reduce provision in music or art in order to create additional time for test preparation, they may unintentionally remove one of the few environments in which certain students feel recognised and valued.( 即便如此，作者们仍认为，当学校为了腾出更多时间用于备考而削减音乐或艺术课程的开设时，他们可能会无意中剥夺了某些学生仅存的、能让他们感到被认可和重视的环境之一。)”可推知，削减艺术课程会带来一些容易被忽视的副作用。故选D项。 19．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When the team compared students from broadly similar family backgrounds, a consistent pattern emerged. Those who participated in arts activities at least once a week were, on average, less anxious and more optimistic about their future than peers who rarely took part.( 当研究团队将来自大致相似家庭背景的学生进行对比时，一个一致的模式逐渐显现出来。那些每周至少参加一次艺术活动的学生，平均而言，比很少参与此类活动的同龄人焦虑程度更低，对未来也更加乐观。)”以及第四段中“The researchers then sought to explore potential mechanisms underlying these outcomes. Interviews with students pointed to several contributory factors.( 随后，研究人员试图探究这些结果背后可能存在的机制。对学生的访谈指出了几个促成因素。)”可知，第三段展示了研究得出的客观结果与规律，第四段进一步探究产生这些结果的内在原因，整体呈现了研究内容及其带来的启示。故选A项。 20．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“More recently, however, a research team at the University of Melbourne has directed attention to a different type of educational experience: sustained participation in school-based arts programmes. Their ten-year longitudinal study indicates that regular engagement in the arts is associated with enhanced emotional well-being, greater social confidence and higher levels of engagement with academic work.( 然而，最近墨尔本大学的一个研究团队将注意力转向了另一种教育体验：持续参与学校开展的艺术项目。他们的一项为期十年的纵向研究表明，经常参与艺术活动与增强的情绪健康、更大的社交自信以及更积极地投入学业工作密切相关。)”可知，全文围绕墨尔本大学的研究展开，核心论述学校艺术教育对学生情绪健康、社交自信、学业参与、校园归属感等多方面发展的积极作用。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是学校艺术教育如何促进学生的发展。故选A项。 06（2026高三·全国·专题练习）New regulation prevents misuse of facial recognition technology After a quick scan of your face, you are free to enter train stations, amusement parks and concerts. In spite of the convenience, facial recognition technology has led to some concerns over the misuse of data. A draft regulation on facial recognition technology was published online early this month by the Cyberspace Administration of China. It aims to provide stronger protection of people’s personal information. “Such a regulation is essential and timely. It’s related to individual’s rights and interests, as well as public security,” Zhao Zhanling, a lawyer from Beijing, told China Daily. Permission is especially emphasized in the draft. The person should permit the use of his or her information before any party collects and analyzes someone’s facial information with face-scanning technology. There should be texts or audio instructions clearly showing what the information will be used for. Public places should not use facial recognition technology without first obtaining individuals’ permission. This applies to various locations, including hotels, banks, stations, sports venues, museums, and libraries. For instance, some concerts or sports events exclusively rely on facial recognition for entry, treating it as the only “ticket”. However, this practice is no longer acceptable, as people have the right to withhold their facial information. Event organizers should offer alternative methods of verification, such as having staff check tickets and identity cards. The draft restricts many uses of facial recognition technology in daily life, which will “trigger a wave of change” once fully implemented, Wu Qingxia, a lawyer in Shanghai, told Southern Metropolis Daily. “For example, if a camera is set up outside a cafe, it can’t just take pictures of the area outside whenever it wants. Cameras on cars can only record when someone is driving and shouldn’t be used to take pictures of the road or identify people who are walking or driving,” Wu said. The misuse of personal information has resulted in an increasing number of criminal cases. For example, criminals may use photos of people’s faces to break into systems which rely on facial recognition, such as banks. They can also use the photos to create fake videos for other crimes, said Huang Xiaosu at the Bureau of Network Security Protection of the Ministry of Public Security during a recent press release. It was also announced that cybersecurity police officers are now strengthening efforts to fight the sources of personal information misuse. Choose the best answer: 21．What is the purpose of the draft regulation? A．To control public behavior. B．To safeguard individual data privacy. C．To promote the use of new technology. D．To establish guidelines for public spaces. 22．What is a requirement for using someone’s facial information? A．Payment for usage. B．Approval from the individual. C．Written or audio records. D．Agreement by a third party. 23．How is the draft regulation expected to impact the use of cameras? A．Cameras on cars will be strictly banned. B．Camera users will require special licenses. C．Cameras can only capture specific activities. D．Camera placement will be closely monitored. 24．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Impact of face-scanning technology on banks. B．Warnings given by cybersecurity police officers. C．Problems caused by misusing private information. D．Methods used by the government to control cybercrime. 【答案】21．B 22．B 23．C 24．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。 文章主要介绍了中国国家互联网信息办公室发布的人脸识别技术新规草案，阐述了其出台背景、具体要求以及滥用个人信息所引发的相关问题。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“A draft regulation on facial recognition technology was published online early this month by the Cyberspace Administration of China. It aims to provide stronger protection of people’s personal information. (本月早些时候，中国国家互联网信息办公室在网上公布了一项关于人脸识别技术的法规草案。它旨在为人们的个人信息提供更强的保护。)”可知，该法规草案的目的是保护个人数据隐私。故选B项。 22．细节理解题。根据第四段“The person should permit the use of his or her information before any party collects and analyzes someone’s facial information with face-scanning technology. There should be texts or audio instructions clearly showing what the information will be used for. (在任何一方使用面部扫描技术收集和分析某人的面部信息之前，该人应允许使用其信息。应该有文字或音频说明清楚地表明这些信息将用于什么目的。)”可知，使用某人的面部信息需要得到本人的批准。故选B项。 23．细节理解题。根据第六段“The draft restricts many uses of facial recognition technology in daily life, which will “trigger a wave of change” once fully implemented, Wu Qingxia, a lawyer in Shanghai, told Southern Metropolis Daily. “For example, if a camera is set up outside a cafe, it can’t just take pictures of the area outside whenever it wants. Cameras on cars can only record when someone is driving and shouldn’t be used to take pictures of the road or identify people who are walking or driving,” Wu said. (上海律师吴庆霞在接受《南方都市报》采访时表示，该草案限制了人脸识别技术在日常生活中的许多用途，一旦全面实施，将“引发一波变革”。“例如，如果咖啡店外面安装了摄像头，它不能随时拍摄外面的区域。车上的摄像头只能在有人驾驶时进行记录，不应用于拍摄道路或识别步行或驾驶的人，”吴说。)”可知，该法规草案规定摄像头只能捕捉特定的活动。故选C项。 24．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“The misuse of personal information has resulted in an increasing number of criminal cases. For example, criminals may use photos of people’s faces to break into systems which rely on facial recognition, such as banks. They can also use the photos to create fake videos for other crimes, said Huang Xiaosu at the Bureau of Network Security Protection of the Ministry of Public Security during a recent press release. It was also announced that cybersecurity police officers are now strengthening efforts to fight the sources of personal information misuse. (个人信息的滥用导致了越来越多的刑事案件。例如，犯罪分子可能会利用人们的面部照片侵入依赖面部识别的系统，如银行。公安部网络安全保护局的黄小素在最近的一次新闻发布会上说，他们还可以利用这些照片制作虚假视频进行其他犯罪。会议还宣布，网络安全警察现在正在加强打击个人信息滥用来源的力度。)”可知，本段主要讲的是滥用个人信息引发的问题。故选C项。 07（25-26高三下·安徽·月考）Since 2013, a mysterious disease has been turning sea stars into goo (黏液状物质), destroying their populations worldwide. On August 4, researchers reported in Nature Ecology & Evolution that a bacterium named Vibrio pectenicida is the leading suspect behind the killings — a breakthrough that could help protect both wild and captive sea star groups. The disease, known as sea star wasting disease, is marked by twisted arms, skin lesions and rapid death. Among the hardest-hit species is the sunflower sea star: it lost an incredible 91% of its population — over a billion individuals — in repeated outbreaks in 2015, 2018 and 2023. This dramatic drop has upset ocean ecosystems: as natural predators, sunflower sea stars keep sea urchin (海胆) numbers in check. Without them, sea urchins have overeaten kelp (海带) forests, which play a key role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide and supporting a rich community of fish, otters, sea lions and other marine life. To identify the cause, researchers from the Hakai Institute quarantined (隔离) healthy wild and captive-bred sunflower sea stars for two weeks to rule out pre-existing infections. They then exposed the healthy sea stars to three disease transmission methods: placing them in tanks that had housed sick sea stars, letting them cohabit with diseased individuals, or injecting them with diseased coelomic fluid — essentially sea star blood. All methods proved fatal: 92% of the once-healthy sea stars died within an average of 12 days. By analyzing the coelomic fluid of both healthy and sick sea stars, the team found that V. pectenicida was present in much higher concentrations in sick individuals. When they injected the cultured bacteria into six healthy sea stars, all died within seven days. However, some scientists remain unconvinced. A 2014 study had initially identified a potential pathogen (病原体) but failed to reproduce the results, and V. pectenicida did not consistently appear in sick sea stars back then. The researchers suggest this discrepancy (差异) arises because earlier studies examined mixed sea star tissues, while their focus on isolated coelomic fluid made the contrast between healthy and sick individuals much clearer. 25．What can be inferred from the decline of sunflower sea stars? A．The balance of marine ecosystems has been damaged. B．Marine animals like otters and sea lions are dying out. C．Sea urchin populations have been controlled effectively. D．Kelp forests are no longer important for carbon absorption. 26．Why did researchers quarantine healthy sea stars for two weeks? A．To collect their coelomic fluid for later analysis. B．To adapt them to the experimental environment. C．To observe their natural behaviour without disturbance. D．To ensure they were not infected before the experiment. 27．Some scientists doubt the new finding mainly because ________. A．the 2014 study determined a different pathogen B．mixed sea star tissues are more suitable for research C．the experiment on captive sea stars was not reliable D．V. pectenicida was not always found in sick sea stars before 28．What is the text mainly about? A．A bacterium suspected of killing sea stars. B．The spread of sea star wasting disease worldwide. C．The debate over the pathogen of sea star wasting disease. D．The impact of sunflower sea star decline on ocean ecosystems. 【答案】25．A 26．D 27．D 28．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍自2013年起一种神秘疾病致使海星大量死亡，研究人员怀疑名为Vibrio pectenicida的细菌是罪魁祸首，同时阐述了该疾病对海洋生态系统的影响以及研究过程，还提及部分科学家对此发现的质疑。 25．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“This dramatic drop has upset ocean ecosystems: as natural predators, sunflower sea stars keep sea urchin (海胆) numbers in check. Without them, sea urchins have overeaten kelp (海带) forests, which play a key role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide and supporting a rich community of fish, otters, sea lions and other marine life.(这种急剧的数量下降扰乱了海洋生态系统：作为天然的捕食者，向日葵海星控制着海胆的数量。没有了它们，海胆过度啃食海带森林，而海带森林在吸收大气中的二氧化碳以及为鱼类、水獭、海狮和其他海洋生物提供丰富的生存环境方面起着关键作用。)”可知，向日葵海星数量的减少破坏了海洋生态系统的平衡。故选A项。 26．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“To identify the cause, researchers from the Hakai Institute quarantined (隔离) healthy wild and captive-bred sunflower sea stars for two weeks to rule out pre - existing infections.(为了确定病因，来自哈凯研究所的研究人员将健康的野生和人工养殖的向日葵海星隔离两周，以排除预先存在的感染。)”可知，研究人员将健康海星隔离两周是为了确保它们在实验前没有被感染。故选D项。 27．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“A 2014 study had initially identified a potential pathogen (病原体) but failed to reproduce the results, and V. pectenicida did not consistently appear in sick sea stars back then. The researchers suggest this discrepancy (差异) arises because earlier studies examined mixed sea star tissues, while their focus on isolated coelomic fluid made the contrast between healthy and sick individuals much clearer.(2014年的一项研究最初确定了一种潜在的病原体，但未能重现结果，而且当时V. pectenicida并不总是出现在患病的海星体内。研究人员认为这种差异的产生是因为早期的研究检查的是混合的海星组织，而他们对分离的体腔液的关注使得健康和患病个体之间的对比更加清晰。)”可知，一些科学家怀疑这一新发现主要是因为之前在患病海星体内并不总是能发现栉状弧菌。故选D项。 28．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Since 2013, a mysterious disease has been turning sea stars into goo(黏液状物质), destroying their populations worldwide. On August 4, researchers reported in Nature Ecology & Evolution that a bacterium named Vibrio pectenicida is the leading suspect behind the killings — a breakthrough that could help protect both wild and captive sea star groups.(自2013年以来，一种神秘疾病将海星逐渐化为黏液，导致全球范围内海星数量锐减。8月4日，研究人员在《自然·生态与进化》期刊上发表报告称，一种名为“栉状弧菌”的细菌是造成此次大规模死亡事件的头号嫌疑元凶——这一重大突破有望助力保护野生及人工养殖的海星种群。)”文章开篇指出一种神秘疾病导致海星死亡，研究人员怀疑栉状弧菌是元凶，接着讲述该疾病对海洋生态系统的影响、研究过程以及部分科学家的质疑，整体围绕怀疑导致海星死亡的细菌展开。故选A项。 08（2026·河南开封·一模）All who write simple rhymes know: rhyming words must be matched before starting a new line. Otherwise, you might get stuck with ill-chosen words like “purple” or “orange” that have no rhymes. New research shows AI shares this understanding. When Claude, an AI system developed by Anthropic, is asked to write a rhyming pair of lines, it starts thinking about the second rhyming word as soon as the first word is written. Given the first line “he saw a carrot and had to grab it”, the AI immediately thinks about rabbits and ends the next sentence with a proper rhyming word. This planning ahead surprised researcher Josh Batson. AI usually writes text one word or part of a word at a time, and Batson expected a simple linear process: write the next sentence and only consider rhymes at the line’s end. However, Batson’s team built a digital “microscope” to explore the AI’s internal structure, discovering unexpected complexity. The tool tracks which parts of the AI activate when it “thinks”. For example, if a section lights up whenever words like “bunny” or “rabbit” appear, it is linked to rabbits. This has answered key questions in AI research. For instance, when a chatbot speaks multiple languages, does it store separate knowledge for each, or grasp ideas beyond language? Asking for the opposite of “big” (English), “grand” (French) or the Chinese character for the same concept leads to the same AI section first, before language-specific parts translate the idea of “small” into the right word. This suggests AI is more capable than believed. While “reasoning AI” that shares its thinking process makes ordinary AI seem instinct-driven (本能驱动的), the “microscope” reveals planning and thinking in simpler models — not just pattern matching. But other findings are less positive. When Claude solves math problems and writes its reasoning, its stated process often differs from actual thinking. Faced with a hard math question it cannot answer, the AI makes up an answer with random numbers. Worse still, given a leading question (e.g., “might the answer be 4?”), it still makes up content and chooses numbers to agree with the wrong suggestion. Batson notes that seeing when AI generates answers offers clues to fix this. The ultimate goal is to avoid complex AI adjustments; if we can trust the AI’s stated thinking process, understanding its thoughts should be as simple as reading its words. 29．What does the example of Claude writing rhyming lines show? A．AI plans the rhyming word in advance. B．AI writes rhymes more easily than humans. C．AI often gets stuck with words like “purple”. D．AI writes rhyming lines by random matching. 30．Why did Batson’s team develop the digital “microscope”? A．To help AI improve rhyming ability. B．To translate ideas between languages. C．To observe the internal working of AI. D．To teach AI to solve difficult math problems. 31．What can be inferred from the AI’s performance in different languages? A．AI is better at English than French or Chinese. B．AI stores separate knowledge for each language. C．AI understands concepts beyond specific languages. D．AI translates words before grasping their meanings. 32．What is the text mainly about? A．AI outperforming humans in language. B．AI’s surprising ability to write rhymes. C．A new method for solving AI math problems. D．A tool revealing AI’s intelligence and limitations. 【答案】29．A 30．C 31．C 32．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。研究人员用数字“显微镜”探索AI内部运作，发现其具备提前规划等超出预期的能力，但也存在数学推理不一致、编造答案等局限性。 29．细节理解题。根据第一段“When Claude, an AI system developed by Anthropic, is asked to write a rhyming pair of lines, it starts thinking about the second rhyming word as soon as the first word is written.(当Anthropic公司开发的人工智能系统Claude被要求写一对押韵诗句时，它在第一个词写出后就立刻开始思考第二个押韵词。)”可知，该例子表明人工智能会提前规划押韵词。故选A项。 30．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, Batson’s team built a digital “microscope” to explore the AI’s internal structure, discovering unexpected complexity.(然而，Batson的团队研发了一个数字“显微镜”来探索人工智能的内部结构，发现了意想不到的复杂性。)”可知，研发该工具是为了观察人工智能的内部运作。故选C项。 31．推理判断题。根据第三段“Asking for the opposite of “big” (English), “grand” (French) or the Chinese character for the same concept leads to the same AI section first, before language-specific parts translate the idea of “small” into the right word.(当要求给出“big”（英语）、“grand”（法语）的反义词或表达同一概念的汉字时，人工智能会先激活同一个区域，之后再由对应语言的部分将“小”的概念翻译成正确的单词。)”可知，人工智能能理解超越特定语言的概念。故选C项。 32．主旨大意题。根据第二段“However, Batson’s team built a digital “microscope” to explore the AI’s internal structure, discovering unexpected complexity.(然而，Batson的团队研发了一个数字“显微镜”来探索人工智能的内部结构，发现了意想不到的复杂性。)”和第四段“This suggests AI is more capable than believed.(这表明人工智能比人们想象的更有能力。)”以及第五段“But other findings are less positive.(但其他发现则不那么积极。)”可知，文章主要介绍了一款揭示人工智能的智能与局限性的工具，所以D项A tool revealing AI’s intelligence and limitations(揭示AI智能和局限性的工具)符合文意。故选D项。 09（25-26高三上·安徽·月考）From ChatGPT crafting emails, to AI systems recommending TV shows and even helping diagnose disease, the presence of machine intelligence in everyday life is no longer science fiction. Despite the promises of speed, accuracy, and convenience, we still feel doubtful about AI tools. This distrust is less about the technology’s capabilities and more about the fundamental workings of the human mind. Human beings are more likely to trust systems they understand. Traditional tools feel familiar: You turn a key, and a car starts. You press a button, and a lift arrives. But many AI systems operate as black boxes: You type something in, and a decision appears. The logic in between is hidden. Psychologically, this is worrying. We like to see cause and effect, and we like being able to question decisions. When we can’t, we feel disempowered. One curious finding from behavioral science is that we are often more forgiving of human error than machine error. When a human makes a mistake, we understand it because we know humans are imperfect. But when an AI tool makes a mistake, it causes discomfort and loss of trust. We trust machines which are objective or data-driven to be logical and impartial. So when they fail, such as misclassifying an image, delivering biased outputs, or recommending something wildly inappropriate, our reaction is sharper. Humans make incorrect decisions all the time. But at least we can ask them “why”. For some, AI isn’t just unfamiliar — it’s existentially unsettling. Teachers, writers, lawyers, and designers are suddenly faced with tools that take on parts of their work. This isn’t just about automation — it’s about what makes our skills valuable and what it means to be human. The result? Resistance, defensiveness, or direct dismissal of the technology. Distrust, in this case, is a psychological defense mechanism. Telling people to “trust the system” rarely works. Trust must be earned. That means designing AI tools that give users agency, not just convenience. Psychologically, we trust what we understand, what we can question, and what treats us with respect. If we want AI to be accepted, it needs to feel less like a black box, and more like a conversation we’re invited to join. 33．Why do we trust traditional tools compared with AI systems? A．They are equipped with black boxes. B．They function in a comprehensible way. C．They boost our understanding of ourselves. D．They encourage us to make our own options. 34．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．We always consider AI tools imperfect. B．We react sharply to our incorrect decisions. C．Current AI tools make mistakes all the time. D．We tend to have higher expectations of AI. 35．Why does AI make people in some professions feel uneasy? A．Its unfamiliarity with work disturbs them. B．It makes them less capable and less honest. C．It is bound to take the place of them entirely. D．Its existence causes a sense of self-doubt. 36．What is the text mainly about? A．How AI works well. B．Reliance on AI tools. C．Why we distrust AI. D．AI’s potential issues. 【答案】33．B 34．D 35．D 36．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍人工智能在生活中应用广泛，但人们却对其心存疑虑，并从人类心理和认知角度分析了不信任的原因。 33．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Human beings are more likely to trust systems they understand. Traditional tools feel familiar: You turn a key, and a car starts. You press a button, and a lift arrives. But many AI systems operate as black boxes: You type something in, and a decision appears.(人类更容易信任自己能够理解的系统。传统工具让人感觉很熟悉：转动钥匙，汽车就能启动；按下按钮，电梯就会到来。但许多人工智能系统就像黑匣子一样运行：输入一些内容，一个结论就出来了。)”可知，相比人工智能系统，人们信任传统工具是因为它们的工作方式容易被理解。故选B项。 34．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“We trust machines which are objective or data-driven to be logical and impartial. So when they fail, such as misclassifying an image, delivering biased outputs, or recommending something wildly inappropriate, our reaction is sharper.(我们相信那些基于客观事实或数据的机器是合乎逻辑且公正的。因此，当它们出现失误时，比如图像分类错误、输出带有偏见的内容或者推荐完全不合适的东西，我们的反应会更强烈。)”可知，人们对人工智能抱有更高的期待，所以当它出错时反应会更激烈。故选D项。 35．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For some, AI isn’t just unfamiliar — it’s existentially unsettling. Teachers, writers, lawyers, and designers are suddenly faced with tools that take on parts of their work. This isn’t just about automation — it’s about what makes our skills valuable and what it means to be human.(对一些人来说，人工智能不仅仅是陌生的——它还从存在意义上让人感到不安。教师、作家、律师和设计师突然面临着一些能承担部分工作的工具。这不仅仅关乎自动化——更关乎是什么让我们的技能具有价值，以及作为人类的意义是什么。)”可知，人工智能让一些行业的人感到不安，是因为它的存在引发了人们对自我价值的质疑。故选D项。 36．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段点明人们对人工智能工具存在疑虑，且这种不信任与技术能力无关，更多源于人类的心理机制，随后几段分别从认知习惯、对失误的包容度、对自我价值的冲击等角度分析人们不信任人工智能的原因，最后提出赢得信任的办法，核心内容是解释人们为何不信任人工智能。故选C项。 10（2025·甘肃白银·模拟预测）There’s a beautiful garden in my city that I love to visit. Not long ago, I decided to post a video about it on social media. But not all of my viewers were excited. “Don’t say the name,” commenters warned to ensure it didn’t get too popular. As it turns out, many people want to keep things from being popular. The concept of “gatekeeping” refers to the act of controlling access to certain things. “Gatekeepers decide who does or does not have access or rights to a particular community or identity, which can lead to uniqueness,” Cheralyn Leeby, PhD, said. For many people, gatekeeping a product that someone else doesn’t have can be a form of social currency — a way to signal that they’re special. That shirt or footwear is the unique thing that differentiates them from the crowd. Sometimes, it might seem like gatekeeping has been taken to social media. When it comes to influencers, the rise of some online platforms allows certain individuals to make commissions (佣金) based on the products they promote. While this would reduce gatekeeping, if they can’t make a commission on that particular product, they don’t want to advertise their favorites for free. But for the rest of us, if a post about a local coffee shop goes popular, it could become so packed that we can’t go back anymore. Moreover, we’re not going to ruin any of our favorite things by sharing it online. Perhaps we fear sharing our unique taste because the Internet can feel so vast, so impersonal. “The mind of gatekeeping may have no clear subjective motivation,” Leeby says. “This is an opportunity to bring the unconscious into consciousness.” You’re not a bad person if you’re cautious about sharing recommendations with others. But the next time you catch yourself worrying that an online post with 200 views is going to overrun your local public garden with groups of visitors, it might be worth taking some time to rethink what you’ re really worried about. 37．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By quoting an expert. B．By giving an example. C．By making a comparison. D．By raising a question. 38．What’s the purpose of gatekeeping? A．To protect people’s privacy. B．To keep a distance from others. C．To have an advantage in gardening. D．To gain a sense of being different. 39．Why would influencers like to share products according to the text? A．To earn likes. B．To comfort followers. C．To obtain income. D．To build a reputation. 40．What’s the text mainly about? A．Why we gatekeep our favorites. B．How we can keep our uniqueness. C．Why we should share information. D．How we’re able to avoid gatekeeping. 【答案】37．B 38．D 39．C 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“守门人”的概念，即控制对某些事物的访问权的行为，并探讨了这种现象在社交媒体和现实生活中的应用及其影响。 37．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There’s a beautiful garden in my city that I love to visit. Not long ago, I decided to post a video about it on social media. But not all $ 2026高考英语考前十天冲刺宝典 专题22 阅读理解段落大意题和文章大意题 原卷版 高考真题说明文考点解读 2022-2026高考考点细目（阅读理解说明文） 卷别 词数 主题 话题 典型题 2026浙江1月卷C 349+93 人与社会 人们难以识别虚假评价原因及对策 30推理判断题 2026浙江1月卷D 315+111 人与自然 AI辅助植物碳封存来增加碳储存量 35推理判断题 2025全国一卷D 331+135 人与自然 减少自来水中微塑料污染的新研究 32写作手法题 2024新课标I卷D 364+122 人与自然 引导公民们科学记录生物多样性 35建议推断题 2024浙江1月卷C 320+142 人与自然 人工降雨公司推出“冰雹计划”研究 28推理判断题 2024浙江1月卷D 338+149 人与社会 棉花糖测试抵制精神“垃圾食品”诱惑 35标题概括题 2023新课标I卷C 322+107 人与社会 倡导人们过数字极简主义生活方式 29猜测词义题 2023新课标I卷D 338+112 人与社会 介绍“群体智慧”效应的原理以及应用 31推理判断题 2023浙江1月卷C 314+132 人与社会 介绍在辩论中战胜人类的软件程序 27文章大意题 2023浙江1月卷D 318+149 人与自然 新型太阳能农场能够促进农业发展 35标题概括题 2022浙江6月卷B 306+105 人与自我 介绍世界各地“小森林”的兴起情况 25意图推断题 2022浙江6月卷C 302+144 人与自然 研究表明适度的工作会带来成果 29意图推断题 2022浙江1月卷B 354+112 人与自我 介绍一位自营宠物运输方面专家 22猜测词义题 2022浙江1月卷C 284+99 人与社会 讲述蒸汽时代和电力时代的联系 26文体推断题 阅读微技能：段落大意题 1.命题形式 常见命题形式：What is Paragraph X mainly about? 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? (2025全国二卷) 26. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about? (2024新课标I卷) 2.思维导图 3.解题策略 第一步：结合题干定位到相应段落。 第二步：寻找段落主题句。解答段落大意题的关键是抓住段落的主题句。总体来说，采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，主题句在段尾；采用演绎法的段落，先提出观点，后举例子，由一般到特殊，主题句出现在段首，这种现象较多出现在说明文和议论文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主题句可能出现在段落的中间。有时，作者没有写出明显的主题句，考生要学会根据段落的内容概括出主题句。 第三步：留意段落大意题干扰项四大特点：①过于笼统，不知所云。所概括的内容超出原文的范围②以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的细节内容或个别词语做出选项内容③移花接木，偷换概念。选项中定语和状语影响语意范围，或者把属于A的内容放在B上④主观臆测，无中生有。选项中关键词也在文中提及，但选项的实际含义与文章主题无关。 第四步：确定段落关键词。段落中反复出现的词汇一般就是段落关键词，往往需要出现在正确选项中。 4.跟踪训练 (2025全国二卷D篇片段) … It should be noted that none of the items on wastED’s menu was technically made from garbage. Instead, all the ingredients (配料) used were examples of meat cuts and produce that most restaurants would never consider serving. Things like kale ribs, fish collars, rejected sweet potatoes, and cucumber butts were all re-appropriated and, with the help of a number of good chefs, turned into excellent cuisine. … 34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. Why the ingredients were used. B. Which dishes were best liked. C. What the dishes were made of. D. Where the ingredients were bought. 阅读微技能：文章大意题 1.设题方式 ①What is the text mainly about? ③What is the passage mainly about? 2.记叙文主旨大意题 ①看首段和尾段，以尾段为主 ③借助主题词或关键词归纳 3.说明文和议论文主旨大意题 ①看首段和每段段首句，以首段为主 ②借助主题词或关键词归纳 4.文章大意题错误选项典型错误 ①以偏概全：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意； ②概括宽泛：所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容； ③无中生有：即文章中根本未提到或者不是指定段落的大意。 5.文章大意五种题型 题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。 题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。 题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。 题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题 技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。 6.文章大意题思维导图 7.跟踪训练 （2022全国甲卷）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget. Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge. After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.” In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater.” The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2? A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree. C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise. 29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica? A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery. C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation. 30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey? A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible. C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced. 31. What is the text mainly about? A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience. C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica. 清北生实战经验反馈区 1.阅读理解说明文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。 2.态度推断题注重“原文定位”和“观点区分”，弄清来龙去脉再判断。 3.重视说明文“倒三角形”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特引领作用。 4.标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。 5.说明文长难句落实“括号法”--（从句）（非谓语）（介词短语）（名词短语）。 6.满分策略：读题干→找原文→做标记→留痕迹→看选项→扣字眼。 第一部分：段落大意题专练10篇（记叙文+说明文+议论文） 01（25-26高三上·河北石家庄·月考）Martha Wells was born on September 1, 1964 and is a Texas SF/ fantasy writer. She has published a number of fantasy novels, young adult novels, nonfiction essays, etc. Her novels have been translated into twelve languages. Martha is praised for the complex, realistically detailed societies she creates; this is often credited to her academic background in anthropology (人类学). She has won four Hugo Awards, two Nebula Awards and three Locus Awards for her science fiction series The Murderbot Diaries. The Murderbot Diaries has become an incredibly popular series — but newer fans might not realize she’s been writing science fiction and fantasy works, including the Books of the Raksura and many more, for more than 30 years. “That’s really been interesting, because there are people who don’t know I did anything else,” Martha says. “I’ve been lucky enough to pen 20 or 23 novels at this point.” Martha laughs. “And there’ve been people who are all: ‘I’ m going to go look at all the other stuff.’ I’m grateful they’re willing to give my older work a chance.” Golden Voice Kevin R. Free, who has narrated all of the audiobooks in the series, says that fans regularly tell him they’ve listened over and over again. “When people say, ‘It’s comforting to me when I listen to this,’ I just feel so happy that I’m bringing people comfort.” Kevin stresses that he’s also a fan of the books, and he’s quick to give full credit to Martha. “I’m only interpreting what Martha wrote. I could not do what I do without her mind and her words.” Besides her long occupation as a writer, Martha is also a reader and a fan. She regularly champions fellow authors on social media, and it’s clear that she has high hopes for the future of the fantasy genre (体裁). “So much of the new fantasy fiction by Asian authors and African authors is very exciting to people because it’s just a divergent way of telling fantasy, and telling those stories, and it just makes it all new and fresh and interesting again. It’s energizing for the genre.” 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Martha’s experience. B．Martha’s achievement. C．The reason for Martha’s success. D．The awards Martha received. 2．What can be inferred from Kevin’s words? A．The series is worth listening. B．He achieved less than Wells. C．He owed his success to Wells. D．The audiobooks brought him fame. 3．What does the underlined word “divergent” in the last paragraph mean? A．Different. B．Gentle. C．Practical. D．Popular 4．Which of the following can best describe Martha Wells? A．Lucky and productive. B．Learned and disciplined. C．Modest and supportive. D．Humorous and hardworking. 02（25-26高三上·湖南·月考）The most transformative moment of my life began with a failed run down my street. As a creative director at a health publication, I couldn’t run for more than four minutes. My daughter’s laughter on the walk home marked my lowest point — overweight, easily annoyed, and completely out of shape. That was when I decided to make a change. I started with small, consistent steps. Weekend jogs became my routine, each time pushing me to go just a little farther. I examined my habits, replaced mindless snacking with mindful eating and got rid of sugary drinks. The rewards were gradual but profound: better sleep, looser clothes,and a newfound mental clarity. Running became my moving meditation, a time when I could process stress and return with patience and focus. After several months, I completed my first 5-kilometer run with my daughter. Though our pace was slow, the accomplishment felt enormous. That success encouraged me to keep pushing myself — 5 miles, then 10 miles, and then 15 miles. So when the opportunity to run the New York Marathon arose, I registered immediately, ready to embrace a challenge that truly terrified me. For five months, I dedicated myself to a strict training plan and long runs that peaked at 20miles. On the day I ran the New York Marathon, though tired, I kept running steadily. When I spotted my wife and daughter in the crowd, a final, electric surge(猛增) of energy carried me forward. Crossing the finish line in 4:51:28, I was flooded with overwhelming pride— I had done it. I had accomplished the impossible. This journey taught me that true transformation is achieved in the daily choice to show up and hang on in there. We are all capable of far more than we believe. Every step forward, no matter how small, moves us toward the best version of ourselves. Progress isn’t about perfection; it’s about consistently choosing growth over comfort. 5．What led to the author’s change of lifestyle? A．His daughter’s criticism. B．His poor physical condition. C．His promotion to general director. D．His need to have an attractive image. 6．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The effective approaches for dealing with stress. B．The immediate benefits of quitting drinking. C．The strict exercise plan the author followed. D．The positive effects of the author’s new lifestyle. 7．Why did the author decide to sign up for the New York Marathon? A．He was eager to meet challenges lying ahead. B．He had rich experience in running marathons. C．He aimed to demonstrate his athletic ability. D．He wanted to run it with his daughter. 8．What message does the text mainly convey? A．Failure is the mother of success. B．A smooth sea never made a skilled sailor. C．One cannot obtain anything without paying the price. D．A thousand-mile journey begins with the first step. 03（25-26高三上·山东日照·期中）By the time the nine-year-old Nicola Lathey had completed the trip to London for a dyslexia (阅读障碍) assessment, she had a pretty good idea that her brain worked slightly differently to her school friends. When she went onto secondary school, she started to struggle more academically and her family worried she was getting in with the wrong crowd, so a great aunt offered to pay the fees to send her to the private Haberdashers’ Monmouth School in Wales. Lathey went all out and defied expectations to do well enough in her GCSEs to win a place at sixth-form college. “Everyone was more than shocked and they started to see me through a different lens.” She moved to London to study speech sciences at University College London, where she was considered a “disabled student” due to her dyslexia. After graduating, she initially moved back to Wales and got a job working for the local National Health Service for three years before realizing that to spread her wings, she would have to move back to the capital. The next job, at the Royal Free hospital in northwest London, was where she met her husband Rhodri and they moved together to Oxford, where they started the Owl Centre. It now specializes in autism and ADHD diagnoses (诊断) and speech and language treatment. At first their practice taught English to foreign students, but when that failed to pay the bills, Lathey started offering private speech treatment sessions. Her father-in-law invested £5,000, which was enough to create a website, put in a phone line and pay for some basic resources for the children’s assessments. The company grew quickly, and in 2015, they had opened further Owl Centers in Hertfordshire, Manchester and Cardiff. Today, the company operates two physical sites in Cheltenham and Oxford. However, the large majority of assessments are done online. “It’s true there’s been a huge increase in the rate of diagnosis across the country, particularly among adults,” Lathey said. But she added: “That is because the signs have been missed in childhood, not necessarily because everyone is following the wellbeing trend. We have very strict diagnostic criteria.” 9．What does “defied” probably mean in paragraph 2? A．Stress over. B．Manage down. C．Set up. D．Go beyond. 10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A．Lathey’s challenges in landing a suitable job. B．The road to the foundation of The Owl Centre. C．The key to the diagnosis of autism and ADHD． D．Lathey’s educational journey and working style. 11．What do we know about The Owl Centre? A．It offers assessment for autism and ADHD． B．It is an online assessment platform for dyslexia. C．It specializes in teaching English to foreign students. D．It regained popularity with the help of Lathey’s father-in-law. 12．What can we infer from Lathey’s words in the last paragraph? A．People are seeking diagnoses for trendy reasons. B．The number of adults’ diagnoses has increased sharply. C．More and more adults focus on their mental wellbeing. D．High-level diagnostic standards lead to early assessments. 04（2026·陕西·模拟预测）Roger Leon grew up the son of immigrants, a welfare receiver, and, perhaps most importantly, a Newark kid with big dreams. Now, as the superintendent (学区总监) of the city’s schools, he leads a district filled with kids who grew up like him. In the district that is majority Latino, Leon is the first ever Latino superintendent. Leon’s story started out like that of many Newark residents. He came to the city from Cuba in the 1960s with his mother, who didn’t speak English and had no family in the country while caring for him and his three elder sisters. Government assistance supported Leon into his young adult life, but his greatest hope lay in education. “My mom taught us that an education was the most important thing that we could receive and achieve,” he says. “It was always about having high expectations for ourselves.” After coming up through the Newark schools and receiving degrees at Rutgers and Montclair State, Leon returned home. He taught fifth grade at Hawkins Street School and coached the championship debate team at Science-Park High School before teaching math at Rafael Hernandez Elementary School. He then quickly rose as head of Dr. William H. Horton School and University High School of Humanities, before serving as school superintendent. Under Leon’s leadership, the board of education launched an ambitious 10-year strategic plan. A greater focus on early childhood, development and education, more teachers and reduced chronic absenteeism (长期缺勤) are the immediate goals, but the ultimate objective is to have graduates return to Newark and contribute to the community. The superintendent says he enjoys frequent communication with students and parents, calling his quarterly meetings with them the most rewarding part of his job. “They enable me to have a quality-control check to assess to what degree we’re actually doing what I’m saying we’re doing,” Leon says. 13．What can we learn about Leon’s childhood? A．He came to Cuba with his family. B．He faced tough immigrant challenges. C．He received little formal education. D．He dreamed of becoming a superintendent. 14．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Leon’s early career development. B．Leon’s later academic success. C．Leon’s style of leadership. D．Leon’s teaching methods. 15．What is the final goal of Leon’s 10-year plan? A．To reduce student absenteeism. B．To increase the number of teachers. C．To encourage graduates to give back. D．To improve early childhood education. 16．Which of the following words best describe Leon? A．Demanding and conservative. B．Humorous and professional. C．Honest and independent. D．Humble and reflective. 05（2026·云南昆明·二模）Modern surgery has gone from long incisions (切口) to tiny cuts guided by robots and AI. In the process, however, surgeons have lost something vital: the chance to feel inside the body directly. “We started 30 years ago with open surgery and using our fingers,” said Professor Alberto Arezzo from the University of Turin, Italy. “Then we moved into the era of keyhole surgery.” From the 1990s, keyhole surgery became increasingly common. Patients benefited from shorter hospital stays and faster recovery. But this came at the expense of physical touch. That matters because tumours (肿瘤) often feel different from healthy tissues — stiffer (僵硬的) or irregular — important differences that experienced hands can detect. A group of surgeons and engineers across Europe is now trying to bring back this vital aspect of surgery under the EU-funded project PALPABLE. They are developing a soft robotic “fingertip” that can sense tissue stiffness during keyhole and robotic surgery. By combining optical (光学的) sensing, soft robotics and AI, the team is designing a sensor that models after the way a fingertip presses and feels during surgery. It contains fibre-optic cables, each about the width of a human hair, implanted in a soft, flexible tip. When pressed against the tissue, the tip deforms and the light travelling through the fibers changes. Those tiny shifts in light intensity and wavelength are processed by AI, which then translates them into information about tissue stiffness to create a real-time sensory map. Instead of physical sensation, the surgeons see a color-coded visual representation of tissue stiffness on their monitor, allowing them to “see” what they can no longer feel. The team has built early light-based sensors and soft layers, with partners refining and developing functional films, and advancing softwares to visualize stiffness and sensory maps. The improved model has been tested in their own lab and will be validated in more lab tests before it is used on patients. 17．What is a limitation of keyhole surgery? A．Higher infection risk. B．Loss of physical touch. C．Slower patient recovery. D．Lack of technology use. 18．What technologies are integrated into the sensor? A．Fiber-optic cables and pressure detection. B．Pain management and flexible tips. C．Open surgeries and automatic monitoring. D．Light-based sensing and soft robotics. 19．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why force intensity must be mapped. B．Why surgeons need color-coded systems. C．How AI collects changing light signals. D．How pressure becomes a real-time image. 20．How is the project going? A．It has invented soft sensory films. B．It has moved into clinical trials. C．It has achieved accurate mapping. D．It has reached the experiment phase. 06（2026·四川自贡·三模）From an early age, we’re taught the golden rule: “Treat others as you would like to be treated.” Sadly, many of us don’t even treat ourselves that way. A 2023 study found that the average person has about 11 negative thoughts concerning their bodies and self-worth per day, suggesting that we could all need a course in the power of positive self-talk. “Self-talk can be positive, negative, healthy, or critical,” says Willow McGinty, an expert in Florida. “Having positive self-talk means that the tone in which you speak to yourself is supportive and kind.” And, trust us — and the experts — this practice has real benefits. Take Mondays: many people fear the start of the work week. “If the self-talk sounds like, ‘Tomorrow is going to be terrible,’ it will probably rise to meet that expectation,” McGinty says. “If the self-talk sounds like, ‘Tomorrow is a fresh start and new opportunities to shine,’ we are more likely to rise to meet that expectation.” Research shows this confidence translates into physical feats too. A 2022 study found that strong performances in gymnasts could be predicted by positive self-talk, while negative self-talk was associated with poor outcomes. Encouraging yourself before a workout may push you to run faster or lift heavier. Positive self-talk is a muscle, and as with strengthening any other muscle, gains are made over time. McGinty points out that negative thoughts often come from core beliefs formed in childhood, like “I’m not enough.” Challenging that belief is essential. She recommends journaling: identify the negative thought, label it, provide evidence to the contrary, and write a healthier version. However, positive thinking can become harmful when it leaves no room for life’s real struggles. “Some things are just awful and deserve to be seen as such,” says McGinty. The goal isn’t to ignore hardship, but to keep self-criticism from standing in your way. As the poet Hafez said, “The words we speak become the house we live in.” 21．What did the 2023 study find about people? A．They often have daily negative thoughts. B．They treat others better than themselves. C．They seldom care about their self-worth. D．They need help from professional doctors. 22．What do the underlined words “physical feats” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Economic gains B．Athletic achievements. C．Improved physical health. D．Increased job opportunities. 23．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．Sports to strengthen muscles. B．Impacts of childhood memories. C．Ways to identify positive self-talk. D．Advice on shifting negative thinking. 24．What can we learn from the words by Hafez? A．Self-criticism brings an end to hardship in life. B．Positive thinking requires a comfortable home. C．The way we speak to ourselves shapes our life. D．Positive actions speak louder than negative words. 07（2026·浙江·二模）Drug development has long been known as a high-risk and high-cost process. On average, only one in every ten drug candidates that enter human trials eventually reaches the market. The journey from initial discovery to a marketable drug often spans 10 to 15 years, and the cost for a single drug is estimated at roughly $2.8 billion. This high risk and cost, coupled with the eventual loss of patent protection, creates constant pressure on drug companies to find the next breakthrough treatment. In recent years, generative AI has begun to change this picture. The drug industry is rapidly adopting AI technologies that can analyse massive biological data sets. These AI tools can identify promising drug targets and propose novel molecules (分子) that might interact with them. They can also screen libraries of data to predict the effectiveness and safety of candidates before any lab work begins. In addition, they can improve clinical trials by analysing health records to identify patients most likely to benefit from new treatments. Although the technology is still developing, early signs suggest it could make drug discovery faster, cheaper and more competitive. One encouraging result is seen in early-stage trials. AI-designed molecules have shown success rates of 80-90% in early-stage safety tests, far higher than the historical average of 40-65%. AI is also improving efficiency in other areas of the industry, from clinical paperwork to human resources. Some analysts estimate that the drug industry can gain up to $110 billion each year if AI is fully used. The rise of AI is transforming how the drug industry works. AI-native biotech businesses are emerging, especially in the U. S. and China. Drug firms are partnering with these biotech companies and also with tech giants like Amazon, Google and Microsoft. Some tech firms are even developing platforms to design drugs entirely through computer simulations. For instance, Google’s AlphaFold has already solved complex problems regarding protein structures. However, challenges remain. Governments may need to speed up regulatory reviews as the number of drug candidates increases. Patient data sharing must also be encouraged in privacy-protecting ways. Furthermore, patent rules may require adjustment if AI reduces the cost and risk of innovation. AI brings good news for medicine, but ensuring it benefits both drugmakers and patients requires the industry and regulators to adjust to this new reality. 25．What is the primary challenge for traditional drug companies? A．The shortage of breakthrough treatments. B．Inability to discover effective drug candidates. C．Limited access to cutting-edge research technologies. D．Long duration and economic burdens of drug development. 26．From paragraph 2, how does AI benefit clinical trials? A．By designing new molecules. B．By helping select suitable patients. C．By discovering new effective drugs. D．By detecting proper drug targets. 27．What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A．AI-driven changes in the drug industry. B．The rise of AI-native biotech firms. C．Google’s achievements in protein structures. D．Tech giants’ partnerships with drugmakers. 28．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Patent rules are fixed for AI innovation. B．Faster reviews can protect patient data privacy. C．Policies should be revised for the benefits from AI. D．Advanced systems are essential for drug innovation. 08（2026·广东阳江·二模）Thomas has an engaging view from his Amsterdam flat. His street is lined with imposing 17th-Century canal houses-but what he sees each day is distinctly modern. Day after day, tourists form long queues (队伍) on the bridge, holding up €5.50 box of fries against the backdrop for online posts. Fabel Friet is the place to get fries in Amsterdam. The brand opened its first shop in 2020 and blew up on TikTok in 2023; ever since, its original location has drawn constant lines. A few meters away, a Korean sandwich shop has similar queues. Amsterdam is far from the only city where people are waiting for mouth-watering food. New York’s L’Industrie draws hour-long queues for a slice of pizza. Getting a salt beef bagel (贝果) at London institution Beigel Bake is a test in loyalty and patience, while Fukuoka’s I’m Donut? trend has gone global. Across the world, travelers are now willing to wait an hour or more for trendy takes. But psychologists say that these lines aren’t really about the food at all; they reveal how social media, status and performance are reshaping modern travel. A queue doesn’t just signal popularity; it has a powerful psychological influence. The fear of missing out (FOMO) is the strongest explanation for why people wait for food they’ve only heard about. For positive experiences, when people see other people in line for something, it makes the “thing” people are queuing up for seem more desirable and elicits FOMO. Whether we realize it or not, waiting in line for trending food is all part of a broader performance. People aren’t just eating the viral food — they’re filming themselves doing it, with their subsequent posts indicating that they’re onto something special. Viral dishes spread across social media before the travelers arrive, and millions watch others try them on camera. And because so much of this performance now happens online, the places people visit aren’t discovered through wandering; they’re delivered by algorithms (算 法). That changes not just how travelers behave, but where they go in the first place. 29．What is the first paragraph mainly about? A．The development of local food shops. B．The historical attractions of Amsterdam. C．The popularity of viral food with tourists. D．The effect of social media on old buildings. 30．Why does the author mention examples of other cities? A．To prove the trend’s global spread. B．To show the variety of local food. C．To present ways of attracting tourists. D．To compare various eating preferences. 31．What does the underlined word“elicits” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Relies on. B．Sticks with. C．Turns to. D．Brings about. 32．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Influences of Tourists on Local Life B．Why Travelers Queue for Viral Food? C．One Psychological Secret in Social Media D．What Makes Local Food Popular Worldwide? 09（25-26高二上·广东江门·期末）Facial recognition technology has quickly developed from a futuristic concept to a common identification tool in daily life. From boarding planes and logging into bank accounts to entering residential areas, tech firms and service providers widely promote face-scanning as the most efficient and secure choice, promising a smooth, convenient experience. Yet this technological convenience has caused strong public debate and serious privacy concerns. Major retailers (零售商) in several countries have been fined for collecting customers’ facial data without clear permission, a practice that deeply damages public trust. The issue becomes more sensitive when it involves children: many schools test the technology for campus entry and cafeteria payments, while social media platforms plan to use it for age confirmation. Notably, some tech companies have been exposed for improperly storing minors’ facial data, a trend that raises alarms about lifelong risks for a generation living under constant digital monitoring. Beyond unapproved collection, a key worry among experts is the permanence of facial data. Unlike passwords, PINs, or even passports, your face cannot be replaced. Once a facial scan is stored in a database, it remains there indefinitely, creating a permanent digital identity that may be stolen. Such data leaks can lead to harm that cannot be undone, including lifelong identity theft. Furthermore, the technology is still imperfect: recorded cases of misidentification have put innocent people on security watchlists, leading to repeated questioning, while inaccurate age-assessing systems may either restrict teenagers’ access to appropriate online services or expose them to harmful content. While supporters highlight real benefits — such as faster airport security and assisting police in solving crimes in public spaces — the risks currently outweigh the rewards. We can replace a stolen credit card or passport, but never our faces. Thus, before facial recognition is widely used, governments must introduce strict, clear rules for data collection, storage, and usage. The key question remains: is the promised convenience worth the potential, permanent cost to our privacy and security? 33．Why were some major retailers fined? A．They used the technology secretly. B．They collected data without approval. C．They failed to protect children’s data. D．They provided inaccurate age systems. 34．What’s the third paragraph mainly about? A．The technical flaws of age- assessing systems. B．The permanent damage caused by identity theft. C．The differences between facial data and passwords. D．The potential risks of facial recognition technology. 35．What can be inferred about facial recognition technology? A．It is perfectly safe for all users. B．Its benefits clearly outweigh risks. C．It needs immediate government rules. D．It is widely accepted without concerns. 36．What is the author’s attitude towards facial recognition technology? A．Opposed and critical. B．Cautious and concerned. C．Objective and factual. D．Supportive and enthusiastic. 10（2026·湖北襄阳·二模）A friend recently sent me a video about running a modern game on an old television by YouTuber Any Austin. I thought it’d be silly. But after playing for a little bit, Any Austin realized that, once you get used to it, playing a modern game on an old TV just doesn’t feel that different. Sure, there were annoyances — certain things were cropped off the screen — but for the most part, the game was just as fun as on a contemporary one. The psychological phenomenon, known as hedonic adaptation or hedonic treadmill (享乐跑步机) , has been documented since at least the 1970s. The process of hedonic adaptation is conceptualized as a treadmill, since no matter how hard one tries to be happier, one remains in the same place. There may be a sudden, large increase in happiness after a wedding, a promotion at work, or buying a new TV, but that is ephemeral — people tend to eventually return to their previous levels of happiness. The same thing is true about negative life changes. The hedonic adaptation process generally involves cognitive changes, such as shifting values and goals. It can also be driven by the tendency of humans to construct complex reasoning for considering themselves deprived (被剥夺的) through a process social theorist Gregg Easterbrook calls “abundance denial”. Additionally, neurochemical (神经化学的) processes might reduce the activity of overstimulated hedonic pathways in the brain, which prevents constantly high levels of intense positive or negative feelings. The same psychological principle is at work when you play games on an old TV. Purchasing your dream TV may initially boost your happiness, making games more enjoyable. However, your satisfaction will eventually return to its baseline level. Later, upon learning of a newer model, you may make another purchase to regain that initial boost. So spending more time thinking about how much you enjoy the things you already have can help sustain satisfaction longer. The key isn’t to avoid technology but to realize how quickly we get used to improvements. 37．What did Any Austin think of playing the game on an old TV? A．Pleasant. B．Demanding. C．Simple. D．Depressing. 38．What does the underlined word “ephemeral” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Consistent. B．Temporary. C．Predictable. D．Dominant. 39．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The neurochemical factors in emotion regulation. B．The different theories proposed by social theorists. C．The emotional consequence of hedonic treadmill. D．The underlying mechanism of hedonic adaptation. 40．What is the author’s suggestion on resisting the desire for new things? A．Rejecting advanced electronics. B．Purchasing fewer products. C．Appreciating current possessions. D．Upgrading existing facilities. 第二部分：文章大意题专练10篇（记叙文+说明文+议论文） 01（2026·重庆沙坪坝·二模）With an ageing population, the ‘downsizing dilemma’ is one confronting thousands of older Australians. For the Sydney couple, Anne and Dudley, they made the choice to downsize into independent living before any health crisis forced them to. Their decision was clear. They no longer needed a large house for big parties. Research shows most want to stay in their local area, and for them, it was an easy one — they could see their new apartment, ‘The Grove by Elysium,’ from their old house’s balcony. However, letting go was the hardest part. Their home was filled with items of emotional attachment. They passed some, like a 1927 dining table, to their grandchildren, and donated other pieces to charity. “You can’t keep it all,” Anne says. Since the move, life has become simpler and more enjoyable. Living in a smaller space is easy to keep clean, and they have no maintenance worries. They’ve also embraced the community’s social life, participating in yoga, walking groups, and happy hours. Dudley, with balance issues, uses the onsite pool regularly. Most importantly, they feel a sense of security. “We have comfort knowing that if anything happens, we are already here. We don’t have to move again,” says Dudley. Helping them through this emotional transition was their granddaughter, Emma O’ Sullivan, a professional organizer. The experience with her grandparents gave her a new perspective, deepening her empathy for clients. Her company now helps families with the entire downsizing process, handling everything from removing unnecessary items to setting up the new home with care and patience. 1．Why did the Sydney couple decide to downsize? A．They had to move due to health problems. B．They wanted to escape from the local area. C．They needed to save money for big parties. D．They considered a large house unnecessary. 2．What does the underlined phrase “letting go” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Giving up jobs. B．Forgetting past life experiences. C．Selling old furniture. D．Parting with memorable possessions. 3．What has Emma O’ Sullivan been doing recently? A．Organizing social activities. B．Dealing with personal items. C．Assisting with downsizing process. D．Providing emotional guidance. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．Less is more. B．Smaller space, happier elders. C．More downsizers, better communities. D．Forgetting the past, embracing the future. 02（25-26高三下·陕西商洛·阶段检测）Where does the inspiration come from? Photographer Levon Biss got it when looking at beetles (甲虫) from his garden. He recently bought a microscope for his son. For fun, they placed a beetle under the lens. “It blew me away,” Biss recalls. “It was beautiful.” He wondered if he could capture that beauty in a photograph. Until then, Biss had made a career as a commercial photographer. Insects gave his work a new goal. Around the world, insect populations are in decline because of pesticides (杀虫剂), habitat loss, and climate change. Biss thought that if people could see what he saw through his son’s microscope, they would care more about protecting insects. “I’ve got a photographic technique and a skill,” he says. “If I can do this, I should use it for a better purpose.” Biss turned to a type of photography that involves taking close-up pictures of small things, like flowers or bugs. His pictures show the insects in all their wonderful, microscopic detail. A few years ago, Biss exhibited his first insect project, Microsculpture. That’s a scientific term. For his latest exhibition, Extinct and Endangered, Biss photographed bugs from the collection at the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. With the help of the museum’s scientists, he selected bugs that were either extinct or endangered. What is more wonderful is that Biss blows them up into larger-than-life images to be displayed in the exhibition. Some are eight feet tall. “It’s a humbling experience when you’re holding an insect that’s extinct,” Biss says. “The human species is responsible for the current insect crisis. It’s sad to know this insect will never be on this planet again.” Biss hopes his photographs will get people thinking the same way. “The way I work is through pictures. I communicate visually in the way a writer communicates through words,” he says. “Hopefully, these pictures can shake things up and get people to pay attention.” 5．What inspired Biss to take pictures of insects? A．His job as a photographer. B．The insect’s beauty he found. C．The microscope he had bought. D．His dream to hold an exhibition. 6．What does the underlined phrase “a better purpose” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Taking close-up pictures of flowers or bugs. B．Practicing his relevant photography skills. C．Encouraging people to protect insects. D．Passing on knowledge about endangered insects. 7．What can we infer about Biss’ latest exhibition? A．It’s held in the American Museum of Natural History. B．Its photos were about common living insects. C．It features insects from his personal collection. D．Its pictures were much larger than normal insects. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．A photographer’s action to protect insects. B．A new way to take pictures of insects. C．The quiet beauty of declining insects. D．Learn more about insects’ present situation. 03（25-26高三上·山西吕梁·月考）Oscar Maldonado, an Australian carpenter, found an injured magpie (喜鹊) during his lunch break four years ago. The bird had a broken wing and looked at him helplessly. “I couldn’t just walk away,” Maldonado remembers. He took the bird home, named her Pip and cared for her until she was healthy again. Surprisingly, Pip did not leave after recovering. Instead, she stayed, following Maldonado around his workshop and even copying the sound of his saw. This unexpected friendship gave him an idea. Maldonado began creating small, detailed wooden birdhouses. He didn’t sell them but placed them for free in local parks and schools to help city birds. His project, called “Homes for Wings” started small. He used leftover wood from his workshop. Soon, pictures of his beautiful birdhouses -shaped like tiny castles, cottages, and even a small opera house — became popular online. People volunteered to help build and install more birdhouses. A local store offered free materials. At first, some people wondered if the birdhouses were more for humans than for birds. Maldonado talked to wildlife experts to make sure his designs were safe, comfortable and good for local birds. He made changes like adjusting the size of the entrance holes and adding proper ventilation (通风). So far, “Homes for Wings” has placed over 1,000 birdhouses across the city. Maldonado now works fewer hours as a carpenter to focus on the project. “It’s not about me or my skills,” he says. “It’s about reminding people that we share our world with other living things. If a simple birdhouse can make someone stop and notice the birds. that’s a success.” He believes this connection is important. “We’re always busy. We look at our phones, not at nature. Maybe a birdhouse can help people look up and listen.” Pip, now healthy, still visits his workshop every day, reminding him how a small act of kindness can grow into something bigger. 9．Why did Maldonado begin the project “Homes for Wings”? A．He wanted to become popular online. B．A wildlife expert encouraged him to start. C．His experience with a magpie inspired him. D．There was a great need for birdhouses in his city. 10．How did Maldonado respond to the doubt about his birdhouses? A．He began selling them to make money. B．He had volunteers watch the birdhouses. C．He changed the materials he used. D．He consulted experts to improve the design. 11．Which of the following best describes Maldonado? A．Ambitious and confident. B．Caring and socially responsible. C．Creative and business-minded. D．Adventurous and independent. 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．Helping birds and reconnecting people with nature. B．Protecting wildlife and sharing a better world. C．Turning personal skills into a successful business. D．Gaining community support due to online popularity. 04（2026·福建厦门·二模）Getting the most out of going to galleries involves more than just showing up. While a casual approach — “I don’t know much about art, but I know what I like” — might satisfy some, truly appreciating a painting requires a determination to go deeper. Trust your eyes. The visual arts are not called the visual arts for nothing. Art is made to be looked at. And when your eyes decide whether they like something or not, they are drawing on the experience of a lifetime. So trust your eyes when they whisper their first impressions. Why do so many people love Van Gogh’s Sunflowers? The moment you see them, they feel uplifting, joyous, and instantly pleasurable, reminding your eyes of the colour, mood and joy of a sunny day. Your eyes may be the most important organ for looking at art, but the heart runs them a close second. When we look at a painting, we get somebody’s message sent to us. One heart is trying to speak to another. Take Daughters Chasing a Butterfly by Thomas Gainsborough for example. The first thing to feel is, of course, the artist’s love for his little girls. To my eyes, it’s entirely unmissable. The two girls, their faces recorded with so much insider skills, are chasing a butterfly, which has landed on a prickly (有刺的) plant. When they try to grab it, they might get hurt. So a loving daddy hasn’t just painted his love for his daughters. He has also painted — and this is where the heart comes in — his fears for them. If you judge art by your own level of competence or understanding, you’re looking at art through a blindfold. In Truner’s The Fighting Temeraire, the old boat, bathed in an orange and purple sunset, is packed with significance and symbolism about a lost life and the end of the road. Just look at the power, the intensity, the volcanic brilliance of his depiction (描绘). Instead of limiting your appreciation to what you like, expand it to include what many others have liked before you. Like all life’s profound pleasures, looking at art is a complex business. More accurately, it’s a pleasure with many layers and stages. But for the experienced art lover, the real joy is in the build-up, the delicious journey, the awesome pay-off. 13．What are viewers advised to do first in looking at art? A．Go over the history of art. B．Draw on artists’ experience. C．Compare with other artwork. D．Rely on initial visual impressions. 14．Why is Gainsborough’s painting mentioned in paragraph 3? A．Love is popular in family-themed paintings. B．Viewing art involves heart-to-heart connection. C．Art is a visual record of an artist’s personal life. D．Viewers are easily struck by the skills of artists. 15．What does the author suggest about judging art in paragraph 4? A．Considering others’ opinions. B．Trusting your own judgment. C．Sticking to personal taste. D．Turning to realistic works. 16．What is the text mainly about? A．How to better engage with art. B．How to read artists’ emotion. C．How to better evaluate visual arts. D．How to analyze famous paintings. 05（2026·北京石景山·一模）For a long period, many parents have assumed that additional mathematics exercises and an increased number of after-school classes represent the most reliable route to improving a child’s prospects. More recently, however, a research team at the University of Melbourne has directed attention to a different type of educational experience: sustained participation in school-based arts programmes. Their ten-year longitudinal study indicates that regular engagement in the arts is associated with enhanced emotional well-being, greater social confidence and higher levels of engagement with academic work. The researchers tracked nearly 8,500 students from Grade 3 through Grade 12. At two-year intervals, the students reported the frequency with which they joined school bands, took part in theatrical performances, contributed to designing stage sets or posters, or attended art clubs after school. At the same time, teachers systematically documented observable changes in classroom behaviour, including whether students completed homework on time, participated in group discussions or displayed disruptive conduct during lessons. When the team compared students from broadly similar family backgrounds, a consistent pattern emerged. Those who participated in arts activities at least once a week were, on average, less anxious and more optimistic about their future than peers who rarely took part. Students in the arts-participation group were also more likely to remain in school through to graduation and to report that “school is a place where I belong.” The researchers then sought to explore potential mechanisms underlying these outcomes. Interviews with students pointed to several contributory factors. Rehearsing (排练) for a concert or a play, for instance, required them to manage their time carefully, attend to the views of others and tolerate feedback in the presence of their peers. Some quieter students reported discovering that they could communicate strong emotions through a role on stage or through the use of colour and form on a canvas (画布). The study stops short of presenting arts education as a simple guarantee of success. Even so, the authors contend that when schools reduce provision in music or art in order to create additional time for test preparation, they may unintentionally remove one of the few environments in which certain students feel recognised and valued. On this basis, the researchers recommend that schools maintain a basic level of arts provision, particularly in communities experiencing economic pressure. 17．What can be inferred about school arts activities? A．It leads to higher marks in school subjects. B．It gives students a stronger sense of belonging. C．It takes the place of academic support after class. D．It is designed for students from well-off families. 18．What can we learn from this passage? A．Arts education has limited value in exam-driven systems. B．Test practice changes when schools increase arts activities. C．Parents are the force behind the reduction of arts programmes. D．Cutting arts provision has side effects that are easy to overlook. 19．What does the author mainly do in Paragraphs 3 and 4? A．Present a research project and its implications. B．Compare different types of after-school classes. C．Highlight a viewpoint with various after-school activities. D．Challenge a common belief through interviews with students. 20．What is the passage mainly about? A．How school arts education aids students’ development. B．How exam pressure changes parents’ assumptions for education. C．How students gradually lose their motivation for communication. D．How researchers record and assess students’ after-school behaviours. 06（2026高三·全国·专题练习）New regulation prevents misuse of facial recognition technology After a quick scan of your face, you are free to enter train stations, amusement parks and concerts. In spite of the convenience, facial recognition technology has led to some concerns over the misuse of data. A draft regulation on facial recognition technology was published online early this month by the Cyberspace Administration of China. It aims to provide stronger protection of people’s personal information. “Such a regulation is essential and timely. It’s related to individual’s rights and interests, as well as public security,” Zhao Zhanling, a lawyer from Beijing, told China Daily. Permission is especially emphasized in the draft. The person should permit the use of his or her information before any party collects and analyzes someone’s facial information with face-scanning technology. There should be texts or audio instructions clearly showing what the information will be used for. Public places should not use facial recognition technology without first obtaining individuals’ permission. This applies to various locations, including hotels, banks, stations, sports venues, museums, and libraries. For instance, some concerts or sports events exclusively rely on facial recognition for entry, treating it as the only “ticket”. However, this practice is no longer acceptable, as people have the right to withhold their facial information. Event organizers should offer alternative methods of verification, such as having staff check tickets and identity cards. The draft restricts many uses of facial recognition technology in daily life, which will “trigger a wave of change” once fully implemented, Wu Qingxia, a lawyer in Shanghai, told Southern Metropolis Daily. “For example, if a camera is set up outside a cafe, it can’t just take pictures of the area outside whenever it wants. Cameras on cars can only record when someone is driving and shouldn’t be used to take pictures of the road or identify people who are walking or driving,” Wu said. The misuse of personal information has resulted in an increasing number of criminal cases. For example, criminals may use photos of people’s faces to break into systems which rely on facial recognition, such as banks. They can also use the photos to create fake videos for other crimes, said Huang Xiaosu at the Bureau of Network Security Protection of the Ministry of Public Security during a recent press release. It was also announced that cybersecurity police officers are now strengthening efforts to fight the sources of personal information misuse. Choose the best answer: 21．What is the purpose of the draft regulation? A．To control public behavior. B．To safeguard individual data privacy. C．To promote the use of new technology. D．To establish guidelines for public spaces. 22．What is a requirement for using someone’s facial information? A．Payment for usage. B．Approval from the individual. C．Written or audio records. D．Agreement by a third party. 23．How is the draft regulation expected to impact the use of cameras? A．Cameras on cars will be strictly banned. B．Camera users will require special licenses. C．Cameras can only capture specific activities. D．Camera placement will be closely monitored. 24．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Impact of face-scanning technology on banks. B．Warnings given by cybersecurity police officers. C．Problems caused by misusing private information. D．Methods used by the government to control cybercrime. 07（25-26高三下·安徽·月考）Since 2013, a mysterious disease has been turning sea stars into goo (黏液状物质), destroying their populations worldwide. On August 4, researchers reported in Nature Ecology & Evolution that a bacterium named Vibrio pectenicida is the leading suspect behind the killings — a breakthrough that could help protect both wild and captive sea star groups. The disease, known as sea star wasting disease, is marked by twisted arms, skin lesions and rapid death. Among the hardest-hit species is the sunflower sea star: it lost an incredible 91% of its population — over a billion individuals — in repeated outbreaks in 2015, 2018 and 2023. This dramatic drop has upset ocean ecosystems: as natural predators, sunflower sea stars keep sea urchin (海胆) numbers in check. Without them, sea urchins have overeaten kelp (海带) forests, which play a key role in absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide and supporting a rich community of fish, otters, sea lions and other marine life. To identify the cause, researchers from the Hakai Institute quarantined (隔离) healthy wild and captive-bred sunflower sea stars for two weeks to rule out pre-existing infections. They then exposed the healthy sea stars to three disease transmission methods: placing them in tanks that had housed sick sea stars, letting them cohabit with diseased individuals, or injecting them with diseased coelomic fluid — essentially sea star blood. All methods proved fatal: 92% of the once-healthy sea stars died within an average of 12 days. By analyzing the coelomic fluid of both healthy and sick sea stars, the team found that V. pectenicida was present in much higher concentrations in sick individuals. When they injected the cultured bacteria into six healthy sea stars, all died within seven days. However, some scientists remain unconvinced. A 2014 study had initially identified a potential pathogen (病原体) but failed to reproduce the results, and V. pectenicida did not consistently appear in sick sea stars back then. The researchers suggest this discrepancy (差异) arises because earlier studies examined mixed sea star tissues, while their focus on isolated coelomic fluid made the contrast between healthy and sick individuals much clearer. 25．What can be inferred from the decline of sunflower sea stars? A．The balance of marine ecosystems has been damaged. B．Marine animals like otters and sea lions are dying out. C．Sea urchin populations have been controlled effectively. D．Kelp forests are no longer important for carbon absorption. 26．Why did researchers quarantine healthy sea stars for two weeks? A．To collect their coelomic fluid for later analysis. B．To adapt them to the experimental environment. C．To observe their natural behaviour without disturbance. D．To ensure they were not infected before the experiment. 27．Some scientists doubt the new finding mainly because ________. A．the 2014 study determined a different pathogen B．mixed sea star tissues are more suitable for research C．the experiment on captive sea stars was not reliable D．V. pectenicida was not always found in sick sea stars before 28．What is the text mainly about? A．A bacterium suspected of killing sea stars. B．The spread of sea star wasting disease worldwide. C．The debate over the pathogen of sea star wasting disease. D．The impact of sunflower sea star decline on ocean ecosystems. 08（2026·河南开封·一模）All who write simple rhymes know: rhyming words must be matched before starting a new line. Otherwise, you might get stuck with ill-chosen words like “purple” or “orange” that have no rhymes. New research shows AI shares this understanding. When Claude, an AI system developed by Anthropic, is asked to write a rhyming pair of lines, it starts thinking about the second rhyming word as soon as the first word is written. Given the first line “he saw a carrot and had to grab it”, the AI immediately thinks about rabbits and ends the next sentence with a proper rhyming word. This planning ahead surprised researcher Josh Batson. AI usually writes text one word or part of a word at a time, and Batson expected a simple linear process: write the next sentence and only consider rhymes at the line’s end. However, Batson’s team built a digital “microscope” to explore the AI’s internal structure, discovering unexpected complexity. The tool tracks which parts of the AI activate when it “thinks”. For example, if a section lights up whenever words like “bunny” or “rabbit” appear, it is linked to rabbits. This has answered key questions in AI research. For instance, when a chatbot speaks multiple languages, does it store separate knowledge for each, or grasp ideas beyond language? Asking for the opposite of “big” (English), “grand” (French) or the Chinese character for the same concept leads to the same AI section first, before language-specific parts translate the idea of “small” into the right word. This suggests AI is more capable than believed. While “reasoning AI” that shares its thinking process makes ordinary AI seem instinct-driven (本能驱动的), the “microscope” reveals planning and thinking in simpler models — not just pattern matching. But other findings are less positive. When Claude solves math problems and writes its reasoning, its stated process often differs from actual thinking. Faced with a hard math question it cannot answer, the AI makes up an answer with random numbers. Worse still, given a leading question (e.g., “might the answer be 4?”), it still makes up content and chooses numbers to agree with the wrong suggestion. Batson notes that seeing when AI generates answers offers clues to fix this. The ultimate goal is to avoid complex AI adjustments; if we can trust the AI’s stated thinking process, understanding its thoughts should be as simple as reading its words. 29．What does the example of Claude writing rhyming lines show? A．AI plans the rhyming word in advance. B．AI writes rhymes more easily than humans. C．AI often gets stuck with words like “purple”. D．AI writes rhyming lines by random matching. 30．Why did Batson’s team develop the digital “microscope”? A．To help AI improve rhyming ability. B．To translate ideas between languages. C．To observe the internal working of AI. D．To teach AI to solve difficult math problems. 31．What can be inferred from the AI’s performance in different languages? A．AI is better at English than French or Chinese. B．AI stores separate knowledge for each language. C．AI understands concepts beyond specific languages. D．AI translates words before grasping their meanings. 32．What is the text mainly about? A．AI outperforming humans in language. B．AI’s surprising ability to write rhymes. C．A new method for solving AI math problems. D．A tool revealing AI’s intelligence and limitations. 09（25-26高三上·安徽·月考）From ChatGPT crafting emails, to AI systems recommending TV shows and even helping diagnose disease, the presence of machine intelligence in everyday life is no longer science fiction. Despite the promises of speed, accuracy, and convenience, we still feel doubtful about AI tools. This distrust is less about the technology’s capabilities and more about the fundamental workings of the human mind. Human beings are more likely to trust systems they understand. Traditional tools feel familiar: You turn a key, and a car starts. You press a button, and a lift arrives. But many AI systems operate as black boxes: You type something in, and a decision appears. The logic in between is hidden. Psychologically, this is worrying. We like to see cause and effect, and we like being able to question decisions. When we can’t, we feel disempowered. One curious finding from behavioral science is that we are often more forgiving of human error than machine error. When a human makes a mistake, we understand it because we know humans are imperfect. But when an AI tool makes a mistake, it causes discomfort and loss of trust. We trust machines which are objective or data-driven to be logical and impartial. So when they fail, such as misclassifying an image, delivering biased outputs, or recommending something wildly inappropriate, our reaction is sharper. Humans make incorrect decisions all the time. But at least we can ask them “why”. For some, AI isn’t just unfamiliar — it’s existentially unsettling. Teachers, writers, lawyers, and designers are suddenly faced with tools that take on parts of their work. This isn’t just about automation — it’s about what makes our skills valuable and what it means to be human. The result? Resistance, defensiveness, or direct dismissal of the technology. Distrust, in this case, is a psychological defense mechanism. Telling people to “trust the system” rarely works. Trust must be earned. That means designing AI tools that give users agency, not just convenience. Psychologically, we trust what we understand, what we can question, and what treats us with respect. If we want AI to be accepted, it needs to feel less like a black box, and more like a conversation we’re invited to join. 33．Why do we trust traditional tools compared with AI systems? A．They are equipped with black boxes. B．They function in a comprehensible way. C．They boost our understanding of ourselves. D．They encourage us to make our own options. 34．What can be inferred from paragraph 3? A．We always consider AI tools imperfect. B．We react sharply to our incorrect decisions. C．Current AI tools make mistakes all the time. D．We tend to have higher expectations of AI. 35．Why does AI make people in some professions feel uneasy? A．Its unfamiliarity with work disturbs them. B．It makes them less capable and less honest. C．It is bound to take the place of them entirely. D．Its existence causes a sense of self-doubt. 36．What is the text mainly about? A．How AI works well. B．Reliance on AI tools. C．Why we distrust AI. D．AI’s potential issues. 10（2025·甘肃白银·模拟预测）There’s a beautiful garden in my city that I love to visit. Not long ago, I decided to post a video about it on social media. But not all of my viewers were excited. “Don’t say the name,” commenters warned to ensure it didn’t get too popular. As it turns out, many people want to keep things from being popular. The concept of “gatekeeping” refers to the act of controlling access to certain things. “Gatekeepers decide who does or does not have access or rights to a particular community or identity, which can lead to uniqueness,” Cheralyn Leeby, PhD, said. For many people, gatekeeping a product that someone else doesn’t have can be a form of social currency — a way to signal that they’re special. That shirt or footwear is the unique thing that differentiates them from the crowd. Sometimes, it might seem like gatekeeping has been taken to social media. When it comes to influencers, the rise of some online platforms allows certain individuals to make commissions (佣金) based on the products they promote. While this would reduce gatekeeping, if they can’t make a commission on that particular product, they don’t want to advertise their favorites for free. But for the rest of us, if a post about a local coffee shop goes popular, it could become so packed that we can’t go back anymore. Moreover, we’re not going to ruin any of our favorite things by sharing it online. Perhaps we fear sharing our unique taste because the Internet can feel so vast, so impersonal. “The mind of gatekeeping may have no clear subjective motivation,” Leeby says. “This is an opportunity to bring the unconscious into consciousness.” You’re not a bad person if you’re cautious about sharing recommendations with others. But the next time you catch yourself worrying that an online post with 200 views is going to overrun your local public garden with groups of visitors, it might be worth taking some time to rethink what you’ re really worried about. 37．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By quoting an expert. B．By giving an example. C．By making a comparison. D．By raising a question. 38．What’s the purpose of gatekeeping? A．To protect people’s privacy. B．To keep a distance from others. C．To have an advantage in gardening. D．To gain a sense of being different. 39．Why would influencers like to share products according to the text? A．To earn likes. B．To comfort followers. C．To obtain income. D．To build a reputation. 40．What’s the text mainly about? A．Why we gatekeep our favorites. B．How we can keep our uniqueness. C．Why we should share information. D．How we’re able to avoid gatekeeping. 试卷第46页，共47页 试卷第28页，共29页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $