Unit 5 Natural disasters（知识清单）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

Unit 5 Natural disasters 单词 1.灾难；灾害__________ 2.洪水；水灾__________ 3.地震__________ 4.非常讨厌的；可怕的__________ 5.力；力量；强迫，迫使（某人做某事）_______ 6.伤害；损伤__________ 7.死；死亡__________ 8.摧毁；破坏__________ 9.伤害；使受伤__________ 10.影响；作用__________ 11.元__________ 12.路；道路__________ 13.博士；医生 14.（笔头、口头或操作）考试__________ 15.台风__________ 16.电池__________ 17.具体情况；事例；实例__________ 18.不过；总之；而且；加之__________ 19.任何人；随便哪一个人__________ 20.低洼的__________ 21.取消；终止__________ 22.必要的；必需的__________ 23.电子的__________ 24.幸存__________ 25.相像的；相仿的；类似的__________ 26.泡沫__________ 27.迅速的；快速的；快捷的 __________ 28.向；朝着；接近__________ 29.没有什么；无关紧要的事__________ 30.是否（表示选择或可能性）__________ 31.旅馆；旅社__________ 32.警卫；看守__________ 33.敦促；力劝__________ 34.超级的__________ 35.海边；海滨__________ 36.持续；最近的；最后的 __________ 37.雷；雷声__________ 38.海岸；海滨__________ 39.上涨；升高__________ 40.受伤的__________ 41.营救；援救__________ 42.帐篷 短语 1.自然灾害__________ 2.导致；造成__________ 3.失去生命__________ 4.无家可归__________ 5.为…… 做准备__________ 6.以防；万一__________ 7.断电__________ 8.远离__________ 9.去避难所__________ 10.当心；小心__________ 11.逃离；离开__________ 12.警告某人某事__________ 13.敦促某人做某事__________ 14.救援工作__________ 15.提供食物和水__________ 句型 1.What can we the power of nature? 我们能从自然的力量中学到什么？ 2.Natural disasters usually serious injuries and many deaths. 自然灾害通常会造成严重伤亡。 3.We should a safe and strong house during a typhoon. 台风期间我们应该待在安全坚固的房子里。 4.Don’t drink tap water it is safe to do so. 自来水安全之前不要饮用。 5.She there was going to be a tsunami. 她意识到将要发生海啸。 6.It is important to when a disaster happens. 灾难发生时保持冷静很重要。 7.We should know the before disasters come. 灾难来临前我们应该了解安全规则。 8.The earthquake thousands of houses. 地震摧毁了成千上万栋房屋。 9.She saved many people because she tsunamis at school. 她救了很多人，因为她在学校学过海啸知识。 10.We need to about natural disasters. 我们需要制作一份关于自然灾害的宣传单。 语法 宾语从句 一、知识点清单 1.They are caused by the force of nature and usually result in serious injuries and many deaths. 【详解】 由…… 引起； 导致（侧重结果） 【句型结构】sth. be caused by+ ；sth. result in+ 【例句】The accident was caused by heavy snow. It resulted in many injuries. 【拓展】result from 起因于……（侧重原因）= be caused by 2.We have enough food, fresh water and batteries in case the power goes off. 【详解】 以防，万一； （电、水）中断 【句型结构】… in case+句子；go off = cut off 【例句】Take a coat in case it gets cold. The power went off last night. 【拓展】in case of+ ：in case of fire（遇火灾） 3.She realised there was going to be a tsunami. 【详解】there was going to be ，意为 “将会有……” 【句型结构】there was/were going to be+ 【例句】He said there was going to be a typhoon soon. 【拓展】过去将来时：would do/was going to do 4.Her parents wondered if it was just bad weather. 【详解】 想知道是否……；宾语从句必须用 【句型结构】主语+wonder if+陈述语序从句 【例句】I wonder if you can help me. 【拓展】宾语从句中 （表 “是否”） 5.Seeing his daughter so scared, he decided to return to the hotel. 【详解】seeing… 现在分词作 ， ；scared（人）感到害怕的 【句型结构】Doing…, 主语+谓语+… 【例句】Hearing the story, I felt sad. 【拓展】scared（人感到害怕）/ scary（事物吓人） 二、语法点清单 宾语从句（Ⅱ） 类别 原句 宾语从句 说明 whether/if 引导的宾语从句 Will she go to the beach? Do her parents know about tsunamis? I don’t know whether/if she will go to the beach. She wondered whether/if her parents knew about tsunamis. 1. 用陈述句语序（主语+动词）； 2. whether 较正式（书面语常用），if 口语常用 与 or not 连用 Does he need help? I wonder whether/if he needs help or not. I wonder whether or not he needs help. or not 可跟在两者结尾，但仅能紧跟 whether 后 人称/时态变化 Do you know the differences between a typhoon and a hurricane? I asked him/her/them whether/if he/she/they knew the differences. She asked me whether/if I knew the differences. 1. 人称代词随提问对象变化； 2. 从句时态与主句一致 常用动词 - - 常接这类从句的动词：decide, wonder, find out, doubt, ask 等 三、写作清单 话题：How to stay safe in a natural disaster/A news report about a disaster （一）、写作要点 1.点明灾害类型（typhoon/earthquake/tsunami/flood） 2.描述灾害带来的影响 3.给出安全建议（before/during/after） 4.表达观点与总结 （二）、常用句型 开头： Natural disasters are terrible, but we can learn to protect ourselves. A strong typhoon hit our city last week. 中间（建议）： Before the typhoon, we should prepare... During the disaster, we’d better stay calm and... It’s important to.../We shouldn’t... 结尾： In short, safety is the most important. If we prepare well, we can keep safe. （三）、范文示例 How to stay safe in a typhoon Typhoons are dangerous natural disasters. We need to know how to protect ourselves. Before a typhoon comes, we should prepare enough food, fresh water and batteries. We should also stay inside and close the doors and windows. During the typhoon, we must stay away from windows and not go outside. It’s important to keep calm. After the typhoon, we should be careful of flooding and dangerous animals. In short, if we follow these rules, we can stay safe in a typhoon. （四）、实战演练 自然灾害时有发生，学会防灾避险很重要。请根据以下提示，以“How to Stay Safe in Natural Disasters”为题，写一篇不少于 70 词的英语短文。 内容包括： - 你知道的常见自然灾害（至少两种）； - 针对每种灾害的安全建议； - 呼吁大家学习防灾知识，保持安全。 要求： 语句通顺，语法正确，书写工整； 包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥； 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。 How to Stay Safe in Natural Disasters ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natural disasters 单词 disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/n. 灾难；灾害 flood /flʌd/n. 洪水；水灾 earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/n. 地震 terrible /ˈterəbl/adj. 非常讨厌的；可怕的 force /fɔːs/n./v. 力；力量；强迫，迫使（某人做某事） injury /ˈɪndʒəri/n. 伤害；损伤 death /deθ/n. 死；死亡 destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/v. 摧毁；破坏 injure /ˈɪndʒə(r)/v. 伤害；使受伤 effect /ɪˈfekt/n. 影响；作用 dollar /ˈdɒlə(r)/n. 元（美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国货币单位） Rd. /rəʊd/n. (=road) 路；道路 Dr. /ˈdɒktə(r)/n. (=doctor) 博士；医生 exam /ɪɡˈzæm/n. (=examination)（笔头、口头或操作）考试 typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/n. 台风 battery /ˈbætri/n. 电池 case /keɪs/n. 具体情况；事例；实例 anyway /ˈeniweɪ/adv. 不过；总之；而且；加之 anybody /ˈenibɒdi/pron. (=anyone) 任何人；随便哪一个人 low-lying /ˌləʊˈlaɪɪŋ/adj. 低洼的 cancel /ˈkænsl/v. 取消；终止 necessary /ˈnesəsəri/adj. 必要的；必需的 electronic /ɪˈlekˈtrɒnɪk/adj. 电子的 survive /səˈvaɪv/v. 幸存 similar /ˈsɪmələ(r)/adj. 相像的；相仿的；类似的 foam /fəʊm/n. 泡沫 rapid /ˈræpɪd/adj. 迅速的；快速的；快捷的 rapidly /ˈræpɪdli/adv. 迅速地；快速地；快捷地 towards /təˈwɔːdz/prep. 向；朝着；接近 nothing /ˈnʌθɪŋ/pron. 没有什么；无关紧要的事 whether /ˈweðə(r)/conj. 是否（表示选择或可能性） hotel /həʊˈtel/n. 旅馆；旅社 guard /ɡɑːd/n. 警卫；看守 urge /ɜːdʒ/v. 敦促；力劝 super /ˈsuːpə(r)/adj. 超级的 seaside /ˈsiːsaɪd/n. 海边；海滨 last /lɑːst/v./adj. 持续；最近的；最后的 thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/n. 雷；雷声 coast /kəʊst/n. 海岸；海滨 rise /raɪz/v. 上涨；升高 injured /ˈɪndʒəd/adj. 受伤的 rescue /ˈreskjuː/n.&v. 营救；援救 tent /tent/n. 帐篷 短语 自然灾害 导致；造成 失去生命 无家可归 为…… 做准备 以防；万一 断电 远离 去避难所 当心；小心 逃离；离开 警告某人某事 敦促某人做某事 救援工作 提供食物和水 natural disaster result in lose one’s life be homeless prepare for in case go off stay away from go to a shelter be careful of get away warn sb. of sth. urge sb. to do sth. rescue work provide food and water 句型 1.What can we learn from the power of nature? 我们能从自然的力量中学到什么？ 2.Natural disasters usually result in serious injuries and many deaths. 自然灾害通常会造成严重伤亡。 3.We should stay inside a safe and strong house during a typhoon. 台风期间我们应该待在安全坚固的房子里。 4.Don’t drink tap water until it is safe to do so. 自来水安全之前不要饮用。 5.She realised there was going to be a tsunami. 她意识到将要发生海啸。 6.It is important to stay calm when a disaster happens. 灾难发生时保持冷静很重要。 7.We should know the safety rules before disasters come. 灾难来临前我们应该了解安全规则。 8.The earthquake destroyed thousands of houses. 地震摧毁了成千上万栋房屋。 9.She saved many people because she learned about tsunamis at school. 她救了很多人，因为她在学校学过海啸知识。 10.We need to make a leaflet about natural disasters. 我们需要制作一份关于自然灾害的宣传单。 语法 宾语从句 一、知识点清单 1.They are caused by the force of nature and usually result in serious injuries and many deaths. 【详解】be caused by 由…… 引起；result in 导致（侧重结果） 【句型结构】sth. be caused by+原因；sth. result in+结果 【例句】The accident was caused by heavy snow. It resulted in many injuries. 【拓展】result from 起因于……（侧重原因）= be caused by 2.We have enough food, fresh water and batteries in case the power goes off. 【详解】in case 以防，万一；go off（电、水）中断 【句型结构】… in case+句子；go off = cut off 【例句】Take a coat in case it gets cold. The power went off last night. 【拓展】in case of+名词：in case of fire（遇火灾） 3.She realised there was going to be a tsunami. 【详解】there was going to be 过去将来时，意为 “将会有……” 【句型结构】there was/were going to be+名词 【例句】He said there was going to be a typhoon soon. 【拓展】过去将来时：would do/was going to do 4.Her parents wondered if it was just bad weather. 【详解】wonder if 想知道是否……；宾语从句必须用陈述语序 【句型结构】主语+wonder if+陈述语序从句 【例句】I wonder if you can help me. 【拓展】宾语从句中 if = whether（表 “是否”） 5.Seeing his daughter so scared, he decided to return to the hotel. 【详解】seeing… 现在分词作状语，表原因；scared（人）感到害怕的 【句型结构】Doing…, 主语+谓语+… 【例句】Hearing the story, I felt sad. 【拓展】scared（人感到害怕）/ scary（事物吓人） 二、语法点清单 宾语从句（Ⅱ） 类别 原句（Yes/Noquestion） 宾语从句 说明 whether/if 引导的宾语从句 Will she go to the beach? Do her parents know about tsunamis? I don’t know whether/if she will go to the beach. She wondered whether/if her parents knew about tsunamis. 1. 用陈述句语序（主语+动词）； 2. whether 较正式（书面语常用），if 口语常用 与 or not 连用 Does he need help? I wonder whether/if he needs help or not. I wonder whether or not he needs help. or not 可跟在两者结尾，但仅能紧跟 whether 后 人称/时态变化 Do you know the differences between a typhoon and a hurricane? I asked him/her/them whether/if he/she/they knew the differences. She asked me whether/if I knew the differences. 1. 人称代词随提问对象变化； 2. 从句时态与主句一致 常用动词 - - 常接这类从句的动词：decide, wonder, find out, doubt, ask 等 三、写作清单 话题：How to stay safe in a natural disaster/A news report about a disaster （一）、写作要点 1.点明灾害类型（typhoon/earthquake/tsunami/flood） 2.描述灾害带来的影响 3.给出安全建议（before/during/after） 4.表达观点与总结 （二）、常用句型 开头： Natural disasters are terrible, but we can learn to protect ourselves. A strong typhoon hit our city last week. 中间（建议）： Before the typhoon, we should prepare... During the disaster, we’d better stay calm and... It’s important to.../We shouldn’t... 结尾： In short, safety is the most important. If we prepare well, we can keep safe. （三）、范文示例 How to stay safe in a typhoon Typhoons are dangerous natural disasters. We need to know how to protect ourselves. Before a typhoon comes, we should prepare enough food, fresh water and batteries. We should also stay inside and close the doors and windows. During the typhoon, we must stay away from windows and not go outside. It’s important to keep calm. After the typhoon, we should be careful of flooding and dangerous animals. In short, if we follow these rules, we can stay safe in a typhoon. （四）、实战演练 自然灾害时有发生，学会防灾避险很重要。请根据以下提示，以“How to Stay Safe in Natural Disasters”为题，写一篇不少于 70 词的英语短文。 内容包括： - 你知道的常见自然灾害（至少两种）； - 针对每种灾害的安全建议； - 呼吁大家学习防灾知识，保持安全。 要求： 语句通顺，语法正确，书写工整； 包含所有提示要点，可适当发挥； 文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名。 How to Stay Safe in Natural Disasters ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文 How to Stay Safe in Natural Disasters Natural disasters like thunderstorms and earthquakes can be dangerous, but we can stay safe if we know the right rules. When a thunderstorm comes, never stand under tall trees or use electrical devices inside. If you are outside, find a closed building quickly. For earthquakes, we should hide under a strong desk or table right away and stay away from windows. After the shaking stops, leave the building slowly without taking the elevator. It’s important for everyone to learn about these safety tips. Let’s take action to protect ourselves and stay safe in any natural disaster. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：话题作文； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：介绍两种自然灾害及对应安全建议，最后呼吁学习防灾知识。 [写作步骤] 第一步：用1-2句引出主题，列举两种常见自然灾害； 第二步：分别针对雷雨和地震，用简洁句式提出具体安全建议； 第三步：用呼吁性句子结尾，强调学习防灾知识的重要性。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍自然灾害的种类； 第二步，具体阐述针对每种灾害的安全建议； 第三步，最后呼吁大家学习防灾知识，保持安全。 [亮点词汇] ① stay safe保持安全 ② electrical devices电器设备 ③ take action采取行动 [高分句型] ① Natural disasters like thunderstorms and earthquakes can be dangerous, but we can stay safe if we know the right rules.（if引导的条件状语从句） ② It’s important for everyone to learn about these safety tips.（It作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语） 1/11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $