Unit 5 Natural disasters（单元测试·基础卷）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元测试 Unit5·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意： 本卷试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在练习卷上不给分。 一、语法选择(共10分) The Night the River Rose The rain had been falling for three days. In the small village by the river, people were worried. Tom looked out  of the window. The river, usually calm and blue, turned brown and angry. It was rising higher and higher. At around 8:00 p.m., the water began to flow into the streets.Tom’s father shouted, “We must leave now!” While they 1 their bags, the electricity went out. The house became dark. Tom grabbed his flashlight and his dog, Max. They climbed to the roof of their house because the water was 2 deep that they couldn’t walk on the ground. It was a terrifying night. They could hear the sound of the rushing water and the wind. Tom wondered 3 they would be safe. Suddenly, a bright light shone on them. It was a rescue boat! A firefighter 4 a bright orange jacket waved at them.“Don’t worry! We are here 5 you,” he shouted. Tom and his family 6 into the boat. They were cold and wet but alive. They were taken to a safe place in a nearby school. Many other villagers were there, too. Some were crying, while 7 were drinking hot soup. The flood destroyed many houses, 8 it brought the community together. People helped each other clean up the mud after the water went down. Tom realized that nature is powerful, but human courage is 9 . He decided that he would become a firefighter when he grew up. He wanted to be the person 10 brings hope in the dark. 1．A．packed B．were packing C．pack 2．A．too B．such C．so 3．A．that B．if C．what 4．A．in B．with C．on 5．A．helped B．helping C．to help 6．A．pull B．were pulled C．pulled 7．A．others B．the other C．another 8．A．because B．since C．but 9．A．strong B．stronger C．strongest 10．A．which B．who C．whom 二、选词填空(共5分) rescue;  hero;  thank;  successful;  plenty of Yesterday, a big rainstorm hit our city. The heavy rain made the river nearby get flooded. 11 people were trapped (困住) in their homes. Help came quickly. The firefighters and volunteers used boats to reach people’s homes. The water was very deep and dirty. But the 12 were brave. They tried their best to save every life. One of them said, “We must 13 people who are in danger as soon as possible, no matter how difficult the conditions are.” They beat the flood by working as a team. They saved many families and pets 14 . All the people were very 15 . Nature may bring disasters, but human hearts bring comfort. 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共8分） 16．There are very strong winds and heavy rain during a __________ (typhoon). 17．Nothing is ________ (possible) for a hard-working man. 18．The two brothers look very ________ (similar) but their hobbies are quite different. 19．The heavy rainstorm had a bad __________ on the local farms, as it destroyed most of the young wheat plants.(effective) 20．Don’t forget to store extra _________ at home — they can power flashlights when the electricity goes out during a disaster. (battery) 21．After the sudden earthquake, medical workers rushed to help the ________ people trapped under the fallen walls.(injury) 22．Unfortunately, some small animals in the forest were found ________ after the severe drought lasted for two months. (die) 23．The ________ (survive) rate of this disease has increased greatly. 四、按要求填写句子，补全对话（每题2分，共10分） Tom: Hello! 24 Sally: This is Sally speaking. Tom: Sally, this is Tom. 25 I called you but nobody answered. Sally: At eleven last night? I was outside with my family. Tom: 26 Sally: Because there was an earthquake in my city last night. We were too afraid to get into the house. Tom: I’m sorry to hear that. 27 Sally: No, it wasn’t serious. Nobody was injured. Tom: Thank goodness. We must protect ourselves well during earthquakes. Sally: 28 五、阅读理解 (共20分) A. (每题2分，共10分) 左栏是五种自然灾害的典型征兆，右栏是七种紧急避险措施，请为两者进行匹配并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 29 At first, the water in the cups was shaking. Then the whole house was shaking, I could hear some  strange breaking sounds from the walls. 30 I heard a strange sound outside my bedroom. When I got out, I found that the water had flooded the floor and was rising quickly. 31 Bright lightning appeared, and loud thunder came soon. The rain beat against the windows so loudly that it kept me awake all night. Also, the strong wind outside was so alarming. 32 The smoke in the forest was stronger and stronger. I could hear some animals shouting loudly from time to time. 33 Suddenly, I heard a loud noise when I was climbing the mountain. Then I saw the snow on the mountaintop start rolling down. A．You need to run sideways to get away from the snow! If possible, you should hide yourself behind a big rock. B．Cut off the power if possible. Take necessary things and move to the second floor or other higher ground right away. C． You should stay indoors and not use electronic things like phones or TVs. Do not stand under trees or near windows until the thunderstorm ends. D．You should quickly get under a strong table or get into the bathroom. Do not come out until the shaking stops. E. You should drive slowly and turn on the tail lights of the car. And do not get close to the mountain area. F. You should cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth and try to find an area that has already been burned or move to a rocky area without plants. G. Save water in our daily life, like taking shorter showers and reusing water. Try to stop wasting water. B.根据短文内容选择最恰当的答案。 (每题2分，共10分) On March 15, a serious wildfire suddenly swept across a large wild forest in Yajiang County, Sichuan Province. Luckily, no people lost their lives in this terrible accident. Wildfires are really dangerous natural disasters. They can spread very quickly and burn large areas of green trees and dry grass in a short time, bringing great harm to the natural environment. ① Wildfires happen very often in spring in China In 2023, there were 328 wildfires across our country. 147 of them broke out in March and April, making up almost half of the whole year’s wildfires. These fires not only damaged forests but also brought trouble to the lives of local people ②________ There is little rainfall in many places, especially in Southwest China, so the air and plants become very dry. Dry plants turn easy to catch fire when they start to grow and come back to life after winter. Besides, strong winds are quite usual in spring. They make wildfires spread much faster and more widely in the open air, making it harder to put out the fire. ③ Useful ways to protect yourself from wildfires When you meet wildfires, stay calm first. It helps you make right and wise decisions and avoid making mistakes. Always stay upwind of the fire to keep away from the smoke and flames. Move to safe places at once if the wind turns dangerous. If you are surrounded by fire, cover your body with wet clothes or a wet quilt and find places with water, like rivers or pools. Wide empty roads can also keep you away from the fire safely until help arrives. 34．What percent of wildfires in China happened in March and April in 2023? A．Almost 20%. B．Almost 50%. C．Almost 80%. D．Almost 90%. 35．Which of the following can be put in “________”. A．Plants survive in spring wildfires B．Terrible weather in Spring. C．Main reasons for spring wildfires D．Different ways to put out wildfires 36．Which of the following may cause spring wildfires? ①little rainfall and dry plants    ②strong winds in spring    ③dry air after winter  ④cutting down trees A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 37．Which of the following pictures shows the right way to protect yourself from wildfires? A． B． C． D． 38．What is the main idea of this passage? A．To ask people to plant more trees. B．To introduce spring wildfires and ways to keep safe. C．To tell a story about a wildfire in Sichuan. D．To tell us how terrible the environment is. 六、完形填空(共12分) 选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文。 Los Angeles, a beautiful city between mountains and the ocean, has always faced risks from natural disasters like wildfires. Recently, climate change has made these fires even worse. Scientists explain that extreme weather patterns—such as heavy rains followed by long droughts (干旱)—create 39 conditions for fires. The rains help plants grow wildly, and the droughts turn them into dry fuel. Strong Santa Ana winds then 40 the fire to spread rapidly. Human activities also increase the danger. Many old houses are built with wood, a material that catches fire easily. Although environmental laws aim to protect nature, people are sometimes unwilling to remove the dry plants near their homes. Worse still, people continue building houses in risky foothill areas surrounded by bushes that are burnt 41 . By January 16th, the wildfires had killed 25 people and destroyed over 12,000 buildings. The damage cost over $50 billion, making it the most expensive wildfire disaster in U.S. history. Thick smoke filled the air, forcing schools to close and leaving many locals 42 with difficulty. The fires also harmed wildlife and turned green forests into black wastelands. Rescue teams worked day and night, but the fire remained uncontrollable for weeks. Experts say we need some preparation to prevent future disasters. 43 , building fireproof (防火的) houses using materials like metal or concrete (混凝土) is essential. Governments should support people to avoid building in high-risk zones and update city plans to create firebreaks. Clearing dry plants regularly and replanting fireproof trees can also help. Most importantly, this disaster teaches us that humans must learn to live in harmony (和谐) with 44 instead of refusing to pay attention to its power. Though Los Angeles will always be a popular place to live, its story warns the world: getting used to climate change is not just important—it is necessary for survival. 39．A．common B．direct C．perfect D．possible 40．A．reduce B．encourage C．hide D．fight 41．A．easily B．slowly C．exactly D．thoroughly 42．A．sleeping B．learning C．coughing D．breathing 43．A．At first B．For example C．As a result D．In fact 44．A．nature B．technology C．customs D．society 七、任务型阅读(共12分) Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 45．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? 46．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? 47．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? 48．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? Task 2: 49．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) 八、书面表达(共24分) 50．请以“A Terrible Natural Disaster”为题，写一篇英语短文，描述你经历或听说过的一次自然灾害（如暴风雨、地震、洪水等）。 内容包括： 1. 灾害发生的时间、地点和天气情况； 2. 灾害发生时人们正在做的事情； 3. 灾害造成的影响及人们的应对措施； 4. 你的感受。 要求： 1. 词数：80-100词； 2. 语句通顺，语法正确； 3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和地名。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元测试 Unit5·基础卷（参考答案） 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 B C B A C B A C B B 题号 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 答案 D B C F A B C A D B 题号 39 40 41 42 43 44 答案 C B A D B A 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 11．Plenty of 12．heroes 13．rescue 14．successfully 15．thankful 16．typhoon 17．impossible 18．similar 19．effect 20．batteries 21．injured 22．dead 23．survival 24．May I speak to Sally? 25．What were you doing at eleven last night? 26．Why did you stay outside? 27．Was it serious? 28．You’re right. 29．D 30．B 31．C 32．F 33．A 34．B 35．C 36．A 37．D 38．B 39．C 40．B 41．A 42．D 43．B 44．A 45．Three main ways. 46．To give people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. 47．They are made to sway a little instead of breaking. 48．Because when everyone works together, people become stronger. They can practise evacuation drills, check on each other, and help those in need after disasters. 49．Hello, everyone! A typhoon is coming. First, please stay calm. We should help our families prepare an emergency kit with food, water, and a flashlight. Also, remember to stay indoors when the typhoon comes. Let’s check our classrooms to make sure all windows are closed. Finally, listen to the latest news. Let’s work together to stay safe! (Any reasonable answer is OK.) 50．例文 A Terrible Natural Disaster Last summer, I experienced a terrible rainstorm in my hometown. It was a hot afternoon. Suddenly, clouds gathered and the wind blew strongly. When the rainstorm came, I was walking home with my friend. We had no umbrellas, so we ran to a shop to take shelter. Many people were running to find a safe place. After the storm, the street was full of water. Some trees fell down. We worked together to clean up the street. I felt scared but lucky. I realize we must learn to protect ourselves when natural disasters happen. 原创精品资源独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 （北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元测试 Unit5·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意： 本卷试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在练习卷上不给分。 一、语法选择(共10分) The Night the River Rose The rain had been falling for three days. In the small village by the river, people were worried. Tom looked out  of the window. The river, usually calm and blue, turned brown and angry. It was rising higher and higher. At around 8:00 p.m., the water began to flow into the streets.Tom’s father shouted, “We must leave now!” While they 1 their bags, the electricity went out. The house became dark. Tom grabbed his flashlight and his dog, Max. They climbed to the roof of their house because the water was 2 deep that they couldn’t walk on the ground. It was a terrifying night. They could hear the sound of the rushing water and the wind. Tom wondered 3 they would be safe. Suddenly, a bright light shone on them. It was a rescue boat! A firefighter 4 a bright orange jacket waved at them.“Don’t worry! We are here 5 you,” he shouted. Tom and his family 6 into the boat. They were cold and wet but alive. They were taken to a safe place in a nearby school. Many other villagers were there, too. Some were crying, while 7 were drinking hot soup. The flood destroyed many houses, 8 it brought the community together. People helped each other clean up the mud after the water went down. Tom realized that nature is powerful, but human courage is 9 . He decided that he would become a firefighter when he grew up. He wanted to be the person 10 brings hope in the dark. 1．A．packed B．were packing C．pack 2．A．too B．such C．so 3．A．that B．if C．what 4．A．in B．with C．on 5．A．helped B．helping C．to help 6．A．pull B．were pulled C．pulled 7．A．others B．the other C．another 8．A．because B．since C．but 9．A．strong B．stronger C．strongest 10．A．which B．who C．whom 二、选词填空(共5分) rescue;  hero;  thank;  successful;  plenty of Yesterday, a big rainstorm hit our city. The heavy rain made the river nearby get flooded. 11 people were trapped (困住) in their homes. Help came quickly. The firefighters and volunteers used boats to reach people’s homes. The water was very deep and dirty. But the 12 were brave. They tried their best to save every life. One of them said, “We must 13 people who are in danger as soon as possible, no matter how difficult the conditions are.” They beat the flood by working as a team. They saved many families and pets 14 . All the people were very 15 . Nature may bring disasters, but human hearts bring comfort. 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共8分） 16．There are very strong winds and heavy rain during a __________ (typhoon). 17．Nothing is ________ (possible) for a hard-working man. 18．The two brothers look very ________ (similar) but their hobbies are quite different. 19．The heavy rainstorm had a bad __________ on the local farms, as it destroyed most of the young wheat plants.(effective) 20．Don’t forget to store extra _________ at home — they can power flashlights when the electricity goes out during a disaster. (battery) 21．After the sudden earthquake, medical workers rushed to help the ________ people trapped under the fallen walls.(injury) 22．Unfortunately, some small animals in the forest were found ________ after the severe drought lasted for two months. (die) 23．The ________ (survive) rate of this disease has increased greatly. 四、按要求填写句子，补全对话（每题2分，共10分） Tom: Hello! 24 Sally: This is Sally speaking. Tom: Sally, this is Tom. 25 I called you but nobody answered. Sally: At eleven last night? I was outside with my family. Tom: 26 Sally: Because there was an earthquake in my city last night. We were too afraid to get into the house. Tom: I’m sorry to hear that. 27 Sally: No, it wasn’t serious. Nobody was injured. Tom: Thank goodness. We must protect ourselves well during earthquakes. Sally: 28 五、阅读理解 (共20分) A. (每题2分，共10分) 左栏是五种自然灾害的典型征兆，右栏是七种紧急避险措施，请为两者进行匹配并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 29 At first, the water in the cups was shaking. Then the whole house was shaking, I could hear some  strange breaking sounds from the walls. 30 I heard a strange sound outside my bedroom. When I got out, I found that the water had flooded the floor and was rising quickly. 31 Bright lightning appeared, and loud thunder came soon. The rain beat against the windows so loudly that it kept me awake all night. Also, the strong wind outside was so alarming. 32 The smoke in the forest was stronger and stronger. I could hear some animals shouting loudly from time to time. 33 Suddenly, I heard a loud noise when I was climbing the mountain. Then I saw the snow on the mountaintop start rolling down. A．You need to run sideways to get away from the snow! If possible, you should hide yourself behind a big rock. B．Cut off the power if possible. Take necessary things and move to the second floor or other higher ground right away. C． You should stay indoors and not use electronic things like phones or TVs. Do not stand under trees or near windows until the thunderstorm ends. D．You should quickly get under a strong table or get into the bathroom. Do not come out until the shaking stops. E. You should drive slowly and turn on the tail lights of the car. And do not get close to the mountain area. F. You should cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth and try to find an area that has already been burned or move to a rocky area without plants. G. Save water in our daily life, like taking shorter showers and reusing water. Try to stop wasting water. B.根据短文内容选择最恰当的答案。 (每题2分，共10分) On March 15, a serious wildfire suddenly swept across a large wild forest in Yajiang County, Sichuan Province. Luckily, no people lost their lives in this terrible accident. Wildfires are really dangerous natural disasters. They can spread very quickly and burn large areas of green trees and dry grass in a short time, bringing great harm to the natural environment. ① Wildfires happen very often in spring in China In 2023, there were 328 wildfires across our country. 147 of them broke out in March and April, making up almost half of the whole year’s wildfires. These fires not only damaged forests but also brought trouble to the lives of local people ②________ There is little rainfall in many places, especially in Southwest China, so the air and plants become very dry. Dry plants turn easy to catch fire when they start to grow and come back to life after winter. Besides, strong winds are quite usual in spring. They make wildfires spread much faster and more widely in the open air, making it harder to put out the fire. ③ Useful ways to protect yourself from wildfires When you meet wildfires, stay calm first. It helps you make right and wise decisions and avoid making mistakes. Always stay upwind of the fire to keep away from the smoke and flames. Move to safe places at once if the wind turns dangerous. If you are surrounded by fire, cover your body with wet clothes or a wet quilt and find places with water, like rivers or pools. Wide empty roads can also keep you away from the fire safely until help arrives. 34．What percent of wildfires in China happened in March and April in 2023? A．Almost 20%. B．Almost 50%. C．Almost 80%. D．Almost 90%. 35．Which of the following can be put in “________”. A．Plants survive in spring wildfires B．Terrible weather in Spring. C．Main reasons for spring wildfires D．Different ways to put out wildfires 36．Which of the following may cause spring wildfires? ①little rainfall and dry plants    ②strong winds in spring    ③dry air after winter  ④cutting down trees A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 37．Which of the following pictures shows the right way to protect yourself from wildfires? A． B． C． D． 38．What is the main idea of this passage? A．To ask people to plant more trees. B．To introduce spring wildfires and ways to keep safe. C．To tell a story about a wildfire in Sichuan. D．To tell us how terrible the environment is. 六、完形填空(共12分) 选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文。 Los Angeles, a beautiful city between mountains and the ocean, has always faced risks from natural disasters like wildfires. Recently, climate change has made these fires even worse. Scientists explain that extreme weather patterns—such as heavy rains followed by long droughts (干旱)—create 39 conditions for fires. The rains help plants grow wildly, and the droughts turn them into dry fuel. Strong Santa Ana winds then 40 the fire to spread rapidly. Human activities also increase the danger. Many old houses are built with wood, a material that catches fire easily. Although environmental laws aim to protect nature, people are sometimes unwilling to remove the dry plants near their homes. Worse still, people continue building houses in risky foothill areas surrounded by bushes that are burnt 41 . By January 16th, the wildfires had killed 25 people and destroyed over 12,000 buildings. The damage cost over $50 billion, making it the most expensive wildfire disaster in U.S. history. Thick smoke filled the air, forcing schools to close and leaving many locals 42 with difficulty. The fires also harmed wildlife and turned green forests into black wastelands. Rescue teams worked day and night, but the fire remained uncontrollable for weeks. Experts say we need some preparation to prevent future disasters. 43 , building fireproof (防火的) houses using materials like metal or concrete (混凝土) is essential. Governments should support people to avoid building in high-risk zones and update city plans to create firebreaks. Clearing dry plants regularly and replanting fireproof trees can also help. Most importantly, this disaster teaches us that humans must learn to live in harmony (和谐) with 44 instead of refusing to pay attention to its power. Though Los Angeles will always be a popular place to live, its story warns the world: getting used to climate change is not just important—it is necessary for survival. 39．A．common B．direct C．perfect D．possible 40．A．reduce B．encourage C．hide D．fight 41．A．easily B．slowly C．exactly D．thoroughly 42．A．sleeping B．learning C．coughing D．breathing 43．A．At first B．For example C．As a result D．In fact 44．A．nature B．technology C．customs D．society 七、任务型阅读(共12分) Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters. Task 1: 45．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? 46．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? 47．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? 48．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? Task 2: 49．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) 八、书面表达(共24分) 50．请以“A Terrible Natural Disaster”为题，写一篇英语短文，描述你经历或听说过的一次自然灾害（如暴风雨、地震、洪水等）。 内容包括： 1. 灾害发生的时间、地点和天气情况； 2. 灾害发生时人们正在做的事情； 3. 灾害造成的影响及人们的应对措施； 4. 你的感受。 要求： 1. 词数：80-100词； 2. 语句通顺，语法正确； 3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和地名。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元测试 Unit5·基础卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意： 本卷试题均采用连续编号，所有答案务必按照规定在答题纸上完成，做在练习卷上不给分。 一、语法选择(共10分) The Night the River Rose The rain had been falling for three days. In the small village by the river, people were worried. Tom looked out  of the window. The river, usually calm and blue, turned brown and angry. It was rising higher and higher. At around 8:00 p.m., the water began to flow into the streets.Tom’s father shouted, “We must leave now!” While they 1 their bags, the electricity went out. The house became dark. Tom grabbed his flashlight and his dog, Max. They climbed to the roof of their house because the water was 2 deep that they couldn’t walk on the ground. It was a terrifying night. They could hear the sound of the rushing water and the wind. Tom wondered 3 they would be safe. Suddenly, a bright light shone on them. It was a rescue boat! A firefighter 4 a bright orange jacket waved at them.“Don’t worry! We are here 5 you,” he shouted. Tom and his family 6 into the boat. They were cold and wet but alive. They were taken to a safe place in a nearby school. Many other villagers were there, too. Some were crying, while 7 were drinking hot soup. The flood destroyed many houses, 8 it brought the community together. People helped each other clean up the mud after the water went down. Tom realized that nature is powerful, but human courage is 9 . He decided that he would become a firefighter when he grew up. He wanted to be the person 10 brings hope in the dark. 1．A．packed B．were packing C．pack 2．A．too B．such C．so 3．A．that B．if C．what 4．A．in B．with C．on 5．A．helped B．helping C．to help 6．A．pull B．were pulled C．pulled 7．A．others B．the other C．another 8．A．because B．since C．but 9．A．strong B．stronger C．strongest 10．A．which B．who C．whom 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了暴雨引发洪水时，Tom一家爬上屋顶避险，最终被消防员救出。这次经历让Tom感受到了人类勇气的伟大，并立志长大后成为一名消防员。 1．句意：他们正在收拾行李时，停电了。 packed打包，过去式；were packing打包，过去进行时；pack打包，动词原形。根据“While they…their bags, the electricity went out.”可知，此处表示过去正在进行的背景动作被另一个突发动作中断，应用过去进行时。故选B。 2．句意：他们爬上了自家屋顶，因为水太深了，根本无法在地面行走。 too太；such如此，用于修饰名词；so如此，用于修饰形容词或副词。根据“... the water was ... deep that they couldn’t walk on the ground.”可知，此处是“so+adj.+that…”固定搭配，表示“如此……以至于……”。deep为形容词，应用so修饰。故选C。 3．句意：Tom不知道他们是否能安全。 that引导词，无实际意义；if是否；what什么。根据“Tom wondered…they would be safe.”可知，此处引导宾语从句，表达一种不确定的猜测，意为“是否”。故选B。 4．句意：一名穿着亮橙色夹克的消防员向他们挥手。 in穿着，后接衣服或颜色；with带有，表示伴随；on在……上。根据“A firefighter…a bright orange jacket waved at them.”可知，此处指消防员穿着亮橙色夹克。故选A。 5．句意：“别担心！我们是来帮助你们的，” 他喊道。 helped帮助，过去式；helping帮助，现在分词；to help帮助，不定式。根据“We are here…you”可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“来这里的目的”。故选C。 6．句意：Tom和他的家人被拉上了船。 pull拉，原形；were pulled被拉，被动语态；pulled拉，过去式。根据“Tom and his family…into the boat.”可知，主语“Tom和家人”是动作pull的承受者，且发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。 7．句意：有些人在哭泣，而另一些人则在喝热汤。 others另一些人，指代剩余中的部分；the other另一个，指两者中的另一个；another另一个，泛指三个或以上中的另一个。根据“Some were crying, while…were drinking hot soup.”可知，此处是“some…others…”固定搭配，意为“一些……另一些……”。故选A。 8．句意：洪水摧毁了许多房屋，但也让整个社区凝聚在了一起。 because因为，表因果；since自从，表时间或原因；but但是，表转折。根据“The flood destroyed many houses, …it brought the community together.”可知，前半句描述灾难的破坏，后半句描述积极的社会影响，前后句意存在明显的转折关系。故选C。 9．句意：Tom意识到，大自然固然强大，但人类的勇气更强大。 strong强大的，原级；stronger更强大的，比较级；strongest最强大的，最高级。根据“Tom realized that nature is powerful, but human courage is…”可知，此处是将“自然的威力”与“人类的勇气”进行对比，表示人类勇气胜过大自然，应用比较级。故选B。 10．句意：他想成为那个在黑暗中带来希望的人。 which哪一个，指代物；who谁，指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom谁，指代人，在从句中作宾语。根据“He wanted to be the person…brings hope in the dark.”可知，定语从句的先行词是the person，指人，且关系代词在从句中作谓语brings的主语。故选B。 二、选词填空(共5分) rescue;  hero;  thank;  successful;  plenty of Yesterday, a big rainstorm hit our city. The heavy rain made the river nearby get flooded. 11 people were trapped (困住) in their homes. Help came quickly. The firefighters and volunteers used boats to reach people’s homes. The water was very deep and dirty. But the 12 were brave. They tried their best to save every life. One of them said, “We must 13 people who are in danger as soon as possible, no matter how difficult the conditions are.” They beat the flood by working as a team. They saved many families and pets 14 . All the people were very 15 . Nature may bring disasters, but human hearts bring comfort. 【答案】11．Plenty of 12．heroes 13．rescue 14．successfully 15．thankful 【导语】本文讲述了暴雨引发洪水后，消防员和志愿者救援被困人员的故事，展现了人性的温暖与力量。 11．句意：许多人被困在了他们的家中。“… people were trapped in their homes”，句中需要修饰people的词，结合暴雨洪水的语境，应表示“许多”；备选词plenty of意为“大量的、许多的”，可修饰可数名词复数，符合语境。 12．句意：但是英雄们很勇敢。“But the … were brave”，文章提到消防员和志愿者努力救人，此处需要表示人物的复数名词；备选词hero意为“英雄”，复数形式heroes符合语境。 13．句意：我们必须尽快营救处于危险中的人们，无论环境多么艰难。“We must … people who are in danger as soon as possible”，句中must后需接动词原形，结合救援的语境，应表示“营救”；备选词rescue意为“营救、救援”，符合语境。 14．句意：他们成功地拯救了许多家庭和宠物。“They saved many families and pets …”，句中需要修饰动词saved的副词，表示“成功地”；备选词successful的副词形式successfully符合语境。 15．句意：所有人都非常感激。“All the people were very …”，句中需要形容词作表语，结合被救援的语境，应表示“感激的”；备选词thank的形容词形式thankful符合语境。 三、用单词的适当形式填空（共8分） 16．There are very strong winds and heavy rain during a __________ (typhoon). 【答案】typhoon 【详解】句意：台风期间会有强风和大雨。typhoon“台风”，空前有a修饰，此处名词应用单数形式，故填typhoon。 17．Nothing is ________ (possible) for a hard-working man. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：对于一个努力工作的人来说，没有什么是不可能的。possible“可能的”，形容词；根据“Nothing is...for a hard-working man”可知，此处需要形容词作表语，且表达“不可能的”这一含义，因此用其反义词impossible。故填impossible。 18．The two brothers look very ________ (similar) but their hobbies are quite different. 【答案】similar 【详解】句意：这两兄弟长得非常像，但他们的爱好却大不相同。similar“相似的”，形容词。look是系动词，后接形容词作表语。故填similar。 19．The heavy rainstorm had a bad __________ on the local farms, as it destroyed most of the young wheat plants.(effective) 【答案】effect 【详解】句意：这场暴雨对当地农场造成了不良影响，因为它摧毁了大部分幼苗。effective“有效的”，形容词，这里需要用名词构成固定搭配had a bad effect on“对……有不良影响”。故填effect。 20．Don’t forget to store extra _________ at home — they can power flashlights when the electricity goes out during a disaster. (battery) 【答案】batteries 【详解】句意：不要忘记在家里储存额外的电池——灾难停电时，它们可以为手电筒供电。battery“电池”，可数名词。根据后面的they可知，此处应用复数形式，battery的复数是batteries。故填batteries。 21．After the sudden earthquake, medical workers rushed to help the ________ people trapped under the fallen walls.(injury) 【答案】injured 【详解】句意：突发地震后，医护人员赶来帮助被困在倒塌墙壁下的受伤人员。injury“伤害；受伤”，名词。修饰名词people，应使用形容词injured“受伤的”。故填injured。 22．Unfortunately, some small animals in the forest were found ________ after the severe drought lasted for two months. (die) 【答案】dead 【详解】句意：不幸的是，在这场持续了两个月的严重干旱过后，森林里的一些小动物被发现已经死亡。此处是形容词作补足语，根据“some small animals in the forest were found...after the severe drought lasted for two months.”可知，两个月的干旱过后，一些小动物被发现已经死亡。die的形容词形式dead“已死的”符合语境。故填dead。 23．The ________ (survive) rate of this disease has increased greatly. 【答案】survival 【详解】句意：这种疾病的存活率大大提高了。 根据“The...rate of this disease”可知，此处需要用名词作定语修饰rate，survive是动词，意为“生存、存活”，其名词形式为survival。 故填survival。 四、按要求填写句子，补全对话（每题2分，共10分） Tom: Hello! 24 Sally: This is Sally speaking. Tom: Sally, this is Tom. 25 I called you but nobody answered. Sally: At eleven last night? I was outside with my family. Tom: 26 Sally: Because there was an earthquake in my city last night. We were too afraid to get into the house. Tom: I’m sorry to hear that. 27 Sally: No, it wasn’t serious. Nobody was injured. Tom: Thank goodness. We must protect ourselves well during earthquakes. Sally: 28 【答案】24．May I speak to Sally? 25．What were you doing at eleven last night? 26．Why did you stay outside? 27．Was it serious? 28．You’re right. 【导语】本文是一段对话，讲述Tom致电Sally，得知昨晚她所在城市发生地震，所幸并无人员受伤。 24．下文Sally回应是自己在接电话，此处应为电话用语，“May I speak to Sally?”符合打电话的场景。 25．下文Sally回答昨晚十一点自己在外面，此处应询问对方当时在做什么，“What were you doing at eleven last night?”对应下文的时间与回答。 26．下文Sally用“Because”说明原因，此处应询问外出的理由，“Why did you stay outside?”符合逻辑。 27．下文Sally表示地震不严重且无人受伤，此处应询问地震是否严重，“Was it serious?”与下文回答相呼应。 28．上文Tom提出地震中要保护好自己，此处应表示赞同，“You’re right.”承接上文观点。 五、阅读理解 (共20分) A. (每题2分，共10分) 左栏是五种自然灾害的典型征兆，右栏是七种紧急避险措施，请为两者进行匹配并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 29 At first, the water in the cups was shaking. Then the whole house was shaking, I could hear some  strange breaking sounds from the walls. 30 I heard a strange sound outside my bedroom. When I got out, I found that the water had flooded the floor and was rising quickly. 31 Bright lightning appeared, and loud thunder came soon. The rain beat against the windows so loudly that it kept me awake all night. Also, the strong wind outside was so alarming. 32 The smoke in the forest was stronger and stronger. I could hear some animals shouting loudly from time to time. 33 Suddenly, I heard a loud noise when I was climbing the mountain. Then I saw the snow on the mountaintop start rolling down. A．You need to run sideways to get away from the snow! If possible, you should hide yourself behind a big rock. B．Cut off the power if possible. Take necessary things and move to the second floor or other higher ground right away. C． You should stay indoors and not use electronic things like phones or TVs. Do not stand under trees or near windows until the thunderstorm ends. D．You should quickly get under a strong table or get into the bathroom. Do not come out until the shaking stops. E. You should drive slowly and turn on the tail lights of the car. And do not get close to the mountain area. F. You should cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth and try to find an area that has already been burned or move to a rocky area without plants. G. Save water in our daily life, like taking shorter showers and reusing water. Try to stop wasting water. 【答案】29．D 30．B 31．C 32．F 33．A 【导语】本文是根据五段不同灾难发生时的场景描述，匹配出相应的正确避险建议。 29．文段描述了杯子里的水晃动、房屋整体摇晃、墙壁发出奇怪的断裂声，这是地震发生时的典型场景。D选项 “You should quickly get under a strong table or get into the bathroom. Do not come out until the shaking stops.” 你应该快速躲到坚固的桌子底下或进入浴室，震动停止前不要出来，符合地震发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 30．文段描述了卧室外面传来奇怪的声音，出去后发现水已经淹没地板并且水位在快速上升，这是洪水发生时的典型场景。B选项 “Cut off the power if possible. Take necessary things and move to the second floor or other higher ground right away.” 如果可能的话切断电源，带上必需品立刻搬到二楼或其他更高的地方，符合洪水发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 31．文段描述了明亮的闪电出现、很快传来巨大的雷声、雨点猛烈地敲打窗户、外面的强风也很吓人，这是雷暴雨发生时的典型场景。C选项 “You should stay indoors and not use electronic things like phones or TVs. Do not stand under trees or near windows until the thunderstorm ends.” 你应该待在室内，不要使用手机或电视等电子设备，雷暴雨结束前不要站在树下或窗边，符合雷暴雨发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 32．文段描述了森林里的烟越来越浓，不时能听到一些动物大声叫喊，这是森林火灾发生时的典型场景。F选项 “You should cover your nose and mouth with a wet cloth and try to find an area that has already been burned or move to a rocky area without plants.” 你应该用湿布捂住口鼻，尽量找已经烧过的区域或搬到没有植物的岩石区域，符合森林火灾发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 33．文段描述了爬山时突然听到一声巨响，然后看到山顶上的雪开始往下滚落，这是雪崩发生时的典型场景。A选项 “You need to run sideways to get away from the snow! If possible, you should hide yourself behind a big rock.” 你需要向侧面跑以避开雪，如果可能的话，你应该躲在一块大石头后面，符合雪崩发生时的应对措施，匹配该场景。 B.根据短文内容选择最恰当的答案。 (每题2分，共10分) On March 15, a serious wildfire suddenly swept across a large wild forest in Yajiang County, Sichuan Province. Luckily, no people lost their lives in this terrible accident. Wildfires are really dangerous natural disasters. They can spread very quickly and burn large areas of green trees and dry grass in a short time, bringing great harm to the natural environment. ① Wildfires happen very often in spring in China In 2023, there were 328 wildfires across our country. 147 of them broke out in March and April, making up almost half of the whole year’s wildfires. These fires not only damaged forests but also brought trouble to the lives of local people ②________ There is little rainfall in many places, especially in Southwest China, so the air and plants become very dry. Dry plants turn easy to catch fire when they start to grow and come back to life after winter. Besides, strong winds are quite usual in spring. They make wildfires spread much faster and more widely in the open air, making it harder to put out the fire. ③ Useful ways to protect yourself from wildfires When you meet wildfires, stay calm first. It helps you make right and wise decisions and avoid making mistakes. Always stay upwind of the fire to keep away from the smoke and flames. Move to safe places at once if the wind turns dangerous. If you are surrounded by fire, cover your body with wet clothes or a wet quilt and find places with water, like rivers or pools. Wide empty roads can also keep you away from the fire safely until help arrives. 34．What percent of wildfires in China happened in March and April in 2023? A．Almost 20%. B．Almost 50%. C．Almost 80%. D．Almost 90%. 35．Which of the following can be put in “________”. A．Plants survive in spring wildfires B．Terrible weather in Spring. C．Main reasons for spring wildfires D．Different ways to put out wildfires 36．Which of the following may cause spring wildfires? ①little rainfall and dry plants    ②strong winds in spring    ③dry air after winter  ④cutting down trees A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 37．Which of the following pictures shows the right way to protect yourself from wildfires? A． B． C． D． 38．What is the main idea of this passage? A．To ask people to plant more trees. B．To introduce spring wildfires and ways to keep safe. C．To tell a story about a wildfire in Sichuan. D．To tell us how terrible the environment is. 【答案】34．B 35．C 36．A 37．D 38．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了春季森林火灾的发生情况、主要原因以及火灾中的自我保护方法。 34．文章第二段“In 2023, there were 328 wildfires across our country. 147 of them broke out in March and April, making up almost half of the whole year’s wildfires.”指出，2023年3月和4月发生的森林火灾几乎占全年的50%。 35．文章第三段主要分析了春季山火频发的原因，包括降雨少、空气干燥、植物干枯以及春季风大等，因此小标题应为“春季山火的主要原因”。 36．文章第三段“There is little rainfall in many places…so the air and plants become very dry. Dry plants turn easy to catch fire…Besides, strong winds are quite usual in spring.”指出，少雨干燥、植物干燥、春季大风是引发火灾的原因。 37．文章第四段“If you are surrounded by fire, cover your body with wet clothes or a wet quilt”指出，如果你被火包围，用湿衣服或湿被子盖住你的身体。 38．全文介绍了春季山火的频发情况和原因，并给出了自我保护的方法，因此主旨是“介绍春季山火及安全防护方法”。 六、完形填空(共12分) 选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文。 Los Angeles, a beautiful city between mountains and the ocean, has always faced risks from natural disasters like wildfires. Recently, climate change has made these fires even worse. Scientists explain that extreme weather patterns—such as heavy rains followed by long droughts (干旱)—create 39 conditions for fires. The rains help plants grow wildly, and the droughts turn them into dry fuel. Strong Santa Ana winds then 40 the fire to spread rapidly. Human activities also increase the danger. Many old houses are built with wood, a material that catches fire easily. Although environmental laws aim to protect nature, people are sometimes unwilling to remove the dry plants near their homes. Worse still, people continue building houses in risky foothill areas surrounded by bushes that are burnt 41 . By January 16th, the wildfires had killed 25 people and destroyed over 12,000 buildings. The damage cost over $50 billion, making it the most expensive wildfire disaster in U.S. history. Thick smoke filled the air, forcing schools to close and leaving many locals 42 with difficulty. The fires also harmed wildlife and turned green forests into black wastelands. Rescue teams worked day and night, but the fire remained uncontrollable for weeks. Experts say we need some preparation to prevent future disasters. 43 , building fireproof (防火的) houses using materials like metal or concrete (混凝土) is essential. Governments should support people to avoid building in high-risk zones and update city plans to create firebreaks. Clearing dry plants regularly and replanting fireproof trees can also help. Most importantly, this disaster teaches us that humans must learn to live in harmony (和谐) with 44 instead of refusing to pay attention to its power. Though Los Angeles will always be a popular place to live, its story warns the world: getting used to climate change is not just important—it is necessary for survival. 39．A．common B．direct C．perfect D．possible 40．A．reduce B．encourage C．hide D．fight 41．A．easily B．slowly C．exactly D．thoroughly 42．A．sleeping B．learning C．coughing D．breathing 43．A．At first B．For example C．As a result D．In fact 44．A．nature B．technology C．customs D．society 【答案】39．C 40．B 41．A 42．D 43．B 44．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了洛杉矶面临野火等自然灾害风险，分析气候变化、人类活动对野火加剧的影响，介绍野火造成的破坏，以及专家提出的防灾准备建议，强调人类需与自然和谐共处。 39．句意：科学家们解释，极端的天气模式——比如暴雨之后的长期干旱——为火灾创造了完美的条件。 common常见的；direct直接的；perfect完美的；possible可能的。根据“The rains help plants grow wildly, and the droughts turn them into dry fuel.”可知，大雨使植物疯狂生长，干旱又将其变为干燥的燃料，这种极端天气组合为火灾创造了完美的条件。故选C。 40．句意：强劲的圣安娜风随后促使火势迅速蔓延。 reduce减少；encourage促使；hide隐藏；fight战斗。根据“spread rapidly”可知，此处应指强风促使火势快速蔓延。故选B。 41．句意：更糟糕的是，人们继续在危险的山麓地区建造房屋，周围是容易被烧毁的灌木丛。 easily容易地；slowly缓慢地；exactly确切地；thoroughly彻底地。根据“bushes that are burnt ...”和常识可知，灌木丛是易燃物，所以很容易被烧毁。故选A。 42．句意：空气中弥漫着浓烟，学校被迫关闭，许多当地人呼吸困难。 sleeping睡觉；learning学习；coughing咳嗽；breathing呼吸。根据“Thick smoke filled the air”和常识可知，浓烟弥漫在空气中，会影响人们呼吸，此处应指浓烟让许多当地人呼吸困难。故选D。 43．句意：例如，使用金属或混凝土等材料建造防火房屋是必不可少的。 At first起初；For example例如；As a result结果；In fact事实上。根据“we need some preparation to prevent future disasters”和“building fireproof (防火的) houses using materials like metal or concrete (混凝土) is essential”可知，前文说需要防灾准备，此处是举例说明，用For example最符合语境。故选B。 44．句意：最重要的是，这场灾难告诉我们，人类必须学会与自然和谐相处，而不是拒绝关注自然的力量。 nature自然；technology科技；customs习俗；society社会。根据“this disaster teaches us ...”可知，这场灾难指的是洛杉矶野火，野火属于自然灾害，此处应强调人类要学会与自然和谐相处。故选A。 七、任务型阅读(共12分) Natural disasters are powerful, but humans are not completely helpless. By working together and using technology, we can reduce the damage they cause and protect ourselves. Here is how we fight back. First, we use technology to get early warnings. Scientists use special tools to watch the earth and sky closely. They can often tell us when a big storm, flood, or earthquake might be coming. For example, before a typhoon hits the coast, weather stations send out warnings. This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. Second, we build stronger and smarter structures. Engineers design buildings that can stand against the power of nature. In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking. In coastal areas, strong walls can help to keep the ocean waves away. For instance, Japan has built high sea walls to protect its towns from tsunamis. Third, community cooperation is the key. When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need. Some people think we cannot win against nature’s power, and it is true that we cannot stop disasters from happening. However, by preparing well and helping each other, we can greatly reduce the harm they cause. Our best “weapon” is knowledge, preparation, and unity. In short, with early warnings, strong engineering, and community spirit, we can build a safer world even in the face of natural disasters.Task 1: 45．How many main ways to fight against natural disasters does the passage mention? 46．What is the purpose of early warnings before a typhoon? 47．How are buildings in earthquake zones designed to protect people? 48．Why is community cooperation so important according to the passage? Task 2: 49．Imagine you are the leader of your school’s Safety Club. Your town has just received an early warning for a coming typhoon. Based on the passage, write a short speech to tell your schoolmates what they should do to prepare for it. (Use your own words at least 30 words.) 【答案】45．Three main ways. 46．To give people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water. 47．They are made to sway a little instead of breaking. 48．Because when everyone works together, people become stronger. They can practise evacuation drills, check on each other, and help those in need after disasters. 49．Hello, everyone! A typhoon is coming. First, please stay calm. We should help our families prepare an emergency kit with food, water, and a flashlight. Also, remember to stay indoors when the typhoon comes. Let’s check our classrooms to make sure all windows are closed. Finally, listen to the latest news. Let’s work together to stay safe! (Any reasonable answer is OK.) 【导语】本文主要介绍了几种应对自然灾害的方法。 45．第二段“First…”、第三段“Second…”和第四段Third…”明确指出有三种与自然灾害作斗争的主要方法。 46．第二段提到“First, we use technology to get early warnings…This gives people time to prepare, such as moving to a safer place or storing food and water.”，说明其目的是给人们时间做准备，如转移到更安全的地方或储存食物和水。 47．第三段提到“In places with many earthquakes, buildings are made to sway a little instead of breaking.”，说明建筑物会稍微摇晃一下，而不会倒塌，以此来保护人们。 48．第四段提到“When everyone works together, we become stronger. People practise evacuation drills regularly so they know what to do when a disaster really happens. Neighbours check on each other, especially the elderly and children. After a disaster, rescue teams and volunteers from the community and beyond work day and night to help those in need.”，说明当大家齐心协力时，人们会变得更强大，他们可以一起进行疏散演练，互相照应，并在灾后帮助那些需要帮助的人。 49．开放性题目，答案不唯一，结合文章内容合理作答即可，注意词数要求。 八、书面表达(共24分) 50．请以“A Terrible Natural Disaster”为题，写一篇英语短文，描述你经历或听说过的一次自然灾害（如暴风雨、地震、洪水等）。 内容包括： 1. 灾害发生的时间、地点和天气情况； 2. 灾害发生时人们正在做的事情； 3. 灾害造成的影响及人们的应对措施； 4. 你的感受。 要求： 1. 词数：80-100词； 2. 语句通顺，语法正确； 3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和地名。 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 A Terrible Natural Disaster Last summer, I experienced a terrible rainstorm in my hometown. It was a hot afternoon. Suddenly, clouds gathered and the wind blew strongly. When the rainstorm came, I was walking home with my friend. We had no umbrellas, so we ran to a shop to take shelter. Many people were running to find a safe place. After the storm, the street was full of water. Some trees fell down. We worked together to clean up the street. I felt scared but lucky. I realize we must learn to protect ourselves when natural disasters happen. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：记叙文，以一般过去时为主   明确要点：  灾害发生的时间、地点、天气情况，灾害发生时人们正在做的事情，灾害造成的影响及应对措施，个人感受 确定人称：第一人称（I/my），以亲历者视角叙述   注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和地名；词数控制在80-100词   [第二步：构思布局] 四段式结构： 第一段：交代灾害发生的时间、地点和灾害前的天气情况。   第二段：描述灾害发生时“我”和朋友正在做什么，以及周围人们的反应。   第三段：描述灾害造成的影响及人们的应对措施。   第四段：表达个人感受，并从中吸取教训。   [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：灾害背景 时间表达：Last summer/One day in July/On a stormy night等   地点表达：in my hometown/in a small village/in the city center等   天气描述：clear/clouds gathered/sunny/dark clouds appeared/hot/wind blew等 要点二：灾害发生时人们正在做的事情 常见动作：walking home/playing outside/watching TV/working in the field等 要点三：灾害造成的影响及应对措施 影响描述：streets were flooded/trees fell down/houses were damaged等 应对措施：ran for shelter/stayed indoors/helped clean up after the disaster等 要点四：感受与感悟 感受词汇：scared/lucky/sad/thankful等 感悟内容：learn to be prepared/pay attention to weather warnings/stay safe等 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $