Unit 5 Natural disasters 单词短语句型语法（教材考点精练）英语新教材沪教版五四制八年级下册

**基本信息** 聚焦“自然灾害”主题，通过词汇、语法、句型多维训练，系统强化单元核心语言知识与灾害应对语境应用，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇应用|15题（汉译英填空）|主题词汇（发展、死亡等）及固定搭配（以防断电）|从基础词汇积累到灾害场景短语应用，构建主题词网| |语法应用|15题（单词适当形式）|时态（过去时）、词性转换（dead→death）、非谓语（to live）|语法规则在灾害语境中的具体运用，强化语法功能| |句型转换|15题（完成句子）|宾语从句（if/whether）、连词成句、否定/疑问句转换|从句子结构分析到语境表达，提升句型综合运用能力| |语篇语法|20题（语法选择）|语篇中时态（现在完成时）、非谓语（to prepare）、宾语从句|通过灾害主题语篇，实现语法知识的语境化迁移与综合应用|

Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 时间40分钟，满分80分 一、根据汉语提示填空，每小题1分，满分15分 1．The rapid ________ (发展) of Shenzhen from a small fishing village to a modern city is a great success story. 2．________ (是否) you are a history lover or not, the Palace Museum is a must-visit. 3．The ________ (死亡) of the hero made everyone feel sad. 4．It’s ________ (必要) for children to worry about such small details. 5．Will you stop making that ________ (可怕的) noise? I just can’t bear it! 6．I want to ________ (预订) a hotel room for my trip to Beijing. 7．When the hurricane is about to hit the coastal city, the meteorologists warn that the wind speed will ________________________ (迅速增强), so local residents must evacuate to safe places immediately. 8．We should keep a flashlight and some candles at home ________________________ (以防断电) during a natural disaster. 9．The weather forecast says ________________________ (将会有) a typhoon tomorrow. 10．The ________ (经历) of surviving the flood changed his life forever. 11．The landslide ________ (堵塞) the road, so we had to take a detour. 12．Keep ________ (冷静的) and don’t panic when a natural disaster happens. 13．The ________ (破碎的) glass on the floor is very dangerous. 14．The ________ (地震) activity in this region is closely monitored by scientists. 15．The weather station issued a ________ (警告) about the approaching typhoon. 二、用单词的适当形式填空，每小题1分，满分15分 1．He talked about his family, his work, and ________ (last), his future plans. 2．I’d like ________ (live) in a seaside town because I love the beach. 3．The flag ________ (rise) when I went into the playground at 8: 00. 4．We should take good ________ (care) of our books. 5．These ________ (guard) uniforms are clean and tidy. 6．We must keep ________ (safe) during the disaster. 7．She wanted to know if we should ________ (stay) in bed when an earthquake happens. 8．He ________ (calm) down quickly after the storm. 9．I don’t know if he ________ (come) to the party tomorrow. 10．The ________ (dead) of the little dog made the girl very sad. 11．—How long can the ________ (battery) keep these smart phones working? —For about ten hours. 12．Mr. An told us that the number of natural disasters ________ (increase) because of climate change these years. 13．The flood ________ (wash) away the small bridge last month. 14．Tilly Smith saved more than 100 ________ (tour) from the tsunami on Mai Khao Beach in Phuket, Thailand. 15．I felt so sad when I heard the ________ (die) of my pet dog. 三、单项选择，每小题1分，满分15分 1．All of us doubt ________ he can finish the work on time or not. A．why B．how C．that D．whether 2．The teacher asked us ________ we had read The Little Prince. A．that B．whether C．what D．which 3．—Could you tell me ________ the meeting ________ tomorrow morning? —I need to make a schedule. A．if; will start B．that; starts C．when; start D．where; will starts 4．I don’t know ________ he will come tomorrow. ________ he comes, I’ll tell you. A．if; Whether B．whether; Whether C．if; If D．if; That 5．—I’m worried ________ I can enter a good high school or not. —Work hard and trust in yourself. A．whether B．that C．what D．if 6．She asked me________I ________the film Ne Zha before I came to the cinema. A．if; have seen B．that; saw C．if; had seen D．whether; see 7．I ________ if it will rain tomorrow. If it doesn’t rain, I’ll go fishing. A．wonder B．believe C．know D．hope 8．I’m not sure ________. A．if people had sixth sense B．does people have sixth sense C．whether people have sixth sense D．that people have sixth sense 9．—I’m planning a trip to Harbin this summer holiday. I wonder ________ July is the best time to go there. —Why not go online to get more information about it? A．when B．what C．where D．whether 10．We discussed ________ we should visit the museum or the park. A．that B．if C．whether D．what 11．I am evaluating ________ my learning strategies are effective. A．whether B．what C．because D．that 12．Could you tell me ________ our school team will enter the final of the basketball match tomorrow? A．that B．if C．which D．why 13．The teacher asked ________ we knew the danger of natural disasters. A．what B．which C．whether D．who 14．Mr. An wondered ________ it was just bad weather. A．if B．what C．that D．where 15．—How’s the weather tomorrow? I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow. —Well, if it ________, I won’t go out with you. A．will rain; will rain B．rains; rains C．rains; will rain D．will rain; rains 四、完成句子，每小题1分，满分15分 1．he, good, wonder, at, if, I, English, is (连词成句) _______________________________________________. 2．我不确定是否能按时完成作业。 I’m not ________ ________ I can finish the homework on time. 3．当火警响起时，所有人都立刻从大楼里出来了。 When the fire alarm rang, everyone got out of the building ________ ________. 4．荷兰的风暴潮屏障是抵御沿海洪水的重要防线。   The storm surge barrier in the Netherlands is an important ________ against ________ flooding. 5．The big fire burned down the small village.（改为否定句） The big fire ________ ________ down the small village. 6．Thousands of people lost their homes in the flood. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ people lost their homes in the flood? 7．采取行动减少灾害或次生灾害是每个人的责任。   It is everyone’s ________ to take action to ________ disasters or secondary disasters. 8．当洪水来临时，村民们迅速搬到了安全的地方。 When the flood came, the villagers ________ ________ to the safe place ________. 9．地震凸显了一个重要问题——灾害常常引起连锁反应。   The earthquake ________ an important problem — disasters often cause a ________ ________. 10．你能否做好取决于你的学习习惯。 ________ or not you can do this well ________ ________ your learning habits. 11．在台风季节，我们应该保持冷静、做好准备、保持安全。   In the coming typhoon season, we should stay calm, stay ________, and stay ________. 12．我想今晚不应该有人出去。   I don’t think ________ should go out tonight. 13．你爸爸已经确保我们有足够的食物、淡水和电池，以防停电。   Your dad has already made sure we have enough food, fresh water and batteries ________ ________ the power goes ________. 14．天气预报说明天有台风。   The weather report says there is going to be a ________ tomorrow. 15．灾难的全面损失尚不清楚，但肯定非常巨大。   The full _______ of the damage is still unknown, but it is certain to be _______. 五、语法选择，每小题1分，满分20分 Natural disasters 1 more frequent and severe in recent years around the world. Scientists believe that climate change 2 a major role in this worrying trend. Many countries now 3 better warning systems including advanced weather monitoring technology to protect people from potential dangers. When a disaster suddenly 4 , it is important to stay calm and avoid panic. People should immediately follow instructions 5 by local authorities through official channels. In some high-risk areas, schools regularly practise earthquake and fire drills so that students 6 exactly what to do when real emergencies occur, such as where to find safe shelter. We cannot prevent natural disasters from 7 completely, but we can definitely reduce their impact through adequate preparation. Making an emergency kit with essential supplies is much 8 than waiting until the last minute when stores may be closed. Remember, being prepared today 9 your life tomorrow and protects your loved ones. Let’s all learn 10 ready for unexpected events by creating family emergency plans and staying informed about local risks. 1．A．have become B．became C．are becoming 2．A．plays B．played C．playing 3．A．develop B．developed C．are developing 4．A．strikes B．struck C．will strike 5．A．give B．gave C．given 6．A．know B．knew C．will know 7．A．happen B．happening C．happened 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．saves B．save C．could save 10．A．be B．to be C．being Preparing for natural disasters Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can happen suddenly, so knowing how 1 for them is important. It’s hard to predict 2 a disaster will strike your area, but being ready helps you avoid danger. Last year, a small town in Sichuan had a flood. Local people said 3 scary it was when the water rose quickly. But those who 4 the disaster tips stayed safe. For example, Mr. Li moved his family to higher ground as soon as he 5 the warning. If you live in an area with frequent storms, remember 6 all windows before the storm comes. You should also learn 7 to use a fire extinguisher, just in case. Many schools teach students about disaster safety, and students say 8 these lessons help them feel more confident. 9 important it is to stay calm during a disaster! Panic can make things worse. No matter 10 the disaster is, following safety rules can save lives. 1．A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing 2．A．what B．how C．whether 3．A．how B．what C．what a 4．A．follow B．followed C．will follow 5．A．hears B．heard C．is hearing 6．A．to close B．closing C．close 7．A．how B．what C．that 8．A．if B．that C．why 9．A．What B．How C．What an 10．A．what B．when C．where 2 / 17 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Natural disasters 单元重点单词短语句型语法精练 时间40分钟，满分80分 一、根据汉语提示填空，每小题1分，满分15分 1．The rapid ________ (发展) of Shenzhen from a small fishing village to a modern city is a great success story. 【答案】development 【详解】句意：深圳从一个小渔村迅速发展成为一座现代化城市，这是一个伟大的成功故事。根据中文提示可知，“发展”对应的英文是development，是名词，此处作句子的主语。 2．________ (是否) you are a history lover or not, the Palace Museum is a must-visit. 【答案】Whether 【详解】句意：无论你是否是历史爱好者，故宫博物院都是必游之地。句中有or not，固定搭配whether...or not表示“是否，无论是否”，位于句首首字母需大写，Whether符合句意。 3．The ________ (死亡) of the hero made everyone feel sad. 【答案】death 【详解】句意：这位英雄的死亡让所有人都感到悲伤。death“死亡”，名词，the death of“……的死亡”。故填death。 4．It’s ________ (必要) for children to worry about such small details. 【答案】necessary 【详解】句意：对于孩子们来说，担心这样的小细节是有必要的。根据中文提示可知，“必要”对应的英文是necessary，是形容词，此处作表语，描述主语的特征或状态。 5．Will you stop making that ________ (可怕的) noise? I just can’t bear it! 【答案】terrible/awful/horrible 【详解】句意：你能不能别发出那可怕的噪音了？我实在受不了了！ 句中需要填入一个形容词修饰名词“noise”，对应中文提示“可怕的”，可以填terrible/awful/horrible作定语。 6．I want to ________ (预订) a hotel room for my trip to Beijing. 【答案】book 【详解】句意：我想为我的北京之行预订一间酒店房间。want to后接动词原形；中文“预订”提示单词是book。 7．When the hurricane is about to hit the coastal city, the meteorologists warn that the wind speed will ________________________ (迅速增强), so local residents must evacuate to safe places immediately. 【答案】increase rapidly 【详解】句意：当飓风即将袭击这座沿海城市时，气象学家警告说风速将会迅速增强，因此当地居民必须立即疏散到安全的地方。根据汉语提示“迅速增强”可知，increase rapidly“迅速增强”，动词短语；will后接动词原形。故填increase rapidly。 8．We should keep a flashlight and some candles at home ________________________ (以防断电) during a natural disaster. 【答案】in case of a power cut 【详解】句意：在自然灾害期间，我们应该在家里备一把手电筒和一些蜡烛，以防断电。根据汉语提示“以防断电”可知，in case of“以防，如果发生”，介词短语；a power cut“断电”，名词短语；整体作目的状语。故填in case of a power cut。 9．The weather forecast says ________________________ (将会有) a typhoon tomorrow. 【答案】there will be 【详解】句意：天气预报说明天将会有台风。根据汉语提示“将会有”可知，there will be“将会有”，there be句型的一般将来时。故填there will be。 10．The ________ (经历) of surviving the flood changed his life forever. 【答案】experience 【详解】句意：那次洪水幸存经历永远改变了他的人生。根据中文提示“经历”，这里应填入名词experience。experience表示 “（一次具体的）经历、体验” 时，是可数名词，句中指“在洪水中幸存下来的那次经历”，用单数形式即可。故填experience。 11．The landslide ________ (堵塞) the road, so we had to take a detour. 【答案】blocked 【详解】句意：山体滑坡堵塞了道路，所以我们不得不绕行。 “堵塞”对应的英文动词是“block”，根据“so we had to take a detour”可知，该句为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式“blocked”，故填blocked。 12．Keep ________ (冷静的) and don’t panic when a natural disaster happens. 【答案】calm 【详解】句意：当自然灾害发生时，保持冷静，不要惊慌。keep calm“保持冷静”，系表结构，形容词calm作表语。故填calm。 13．The ________ (破碎的) glass on the floor is very dangerous. 【答案】broken 【详解】句意：地板上破碎的玻璃非常危险。broken“破碎的”，形容词，作定语，修饰后面的名词glass。故填broken。 14．The ________ (地震) activity in this region is closely monitored by scientists. 【答案】earthquake 【详解】句意：这个地区的地震活动被科学家们密切监测。根据汉语提示可知，earthquake“地震”，此处作定语修饰名词activity，用名词单数形式。故填earthquake。 15．The weather station issued a ________ (警告) about the approaching typhoon. 【答案】warning 【详解】句意：气象站发布了关于即将到来的台风的警告。 “警告”对应的英文名词是“warning”，“issue a warning”是固定搭配，意为“发布预警”，故填warning。 二、用单词的适当形式填空，每小题1分，满分15分 1．He talked about his family, his work, and ________ (last), his future plans. 【答案】lastly 【详解】句意：他谈论了他的家庭、他的工作，最后，谈论了他的未来计划。根据语境与语法规则：空格处位于两个逗号之间，用于连接并列的谈论内容，起到承接顺序的作用，修饰整个句子，需用副词。last作副词时多表示“最后（强调顺序）”，但在列举事项收尾时，更常用lastly表“最后一点/最后要说的是”。 故填lastly。 2．I’d like ________ (live) in a seaside town because I love the beach. 【答案】to live 【详解】句意：我想要住在海滨小镇，因为我喜欢海滩。I’d like后接动词不定式，即would like to do sth.，意为“想要做某事”，故填to live。 3．The flag ________ (rise) when I went into the playground at 8: 00. 【答案】was rising 【详解】句意：当我8点走进操场时，国旗正在升起。此句为when引导的时间状语从句，表示过去一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行，主句延续性动词需要用过去进行时。主语“The flag”为单数形式，应填was rising。 4．We should take good ________ (care) of our books. 【答案】care 【详解】句意：我们应该好好爱护我们的书。根据“take good”提示，take good care of“好好照顾”，care为不可数名词。 5．These ________ (guard) uniforms are clean and tidy. 【答案】guards’ 【详解】句意：这些警卫的制服干净整洁。These修饰复数名词，且此处需要名词所有格修饰名词uniforms，guard的复数所有格形式是guards’。 6．We must keep ________ (safe) during the disaster. 【答案】safe 【详解】句意：灾难期间我们必须保持安全。safe“安全的”，形容词，keep作系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词作表语，safe是形容词。 7．She wanted to know if we should ________ (stay) in bed when an earthquake happens. 【答案】stay 【详解】句意：她想知道，当地震发生时，我们是否应该待在床上。情态动词should+动词原形表示“应该做某事”，故填stay。 8．He ________ (calm) down quickly after the storm. 【答案】calmed 【详解】句意：暴风雨过后，他很快平静下来。根据语境可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，因此使用一般过去时，动词calm的过去式为calmed。 9．I don’t know if he ________ (come) to the party tomorrow. 【答案】will come 【详解】句意：我不知道他明天是否会来参加聚会。主句“I don’t know”是一般现在时，空格处是宾语从句的谓语动词，从句中有明确的将来时间标志词“tomorrow（明天）”，说明“来聚会”是还未发生的将来动作，需要用一般将来时，结构为“will +动词原形”，故填will come。 10．The ________ (dead) of the little dog made the girl very sad. 【答案】death 【详解】句意：小狗的死让女孩很伤心。根据“The...of the little dog”可知，此处使用名词，death“死亡”，名词，the death of...“……的死亡”。 11．—How long can the ________ (battery) keep these smart phones working? —For about ten hours. 【答案】batteries 【详解】句意：——这些电池能让这些智能手机工作多长时间？——大约十小时。battery意为“电池”，是可数名词。句末these smart phones说明对应的电池不可能只有一块，需用复数形式batteries。 12．Mr. An told us that the number of natural disasters ________ (increase) because of climate change these years. 【答案】has increased 【详解】句意：安先生告诉我们，近年来由于气候变化，自然灾害的数量有所增加。主句“Mr. An told us”是一般过去时，宾语从句中“these years”（这些年）体现从过去持续到现在的时间背景，需用现在完成时；“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 13．The flood ________ (wash) away the small bridge last month. 【答案】washed 【详解】句意：上个月的洪水冲走了那座小桥。wash“清洗”，动词，结合句意，此处应该是表示“冲走”，“wash away”意为“冲走”，本句的时间状语“last month”表示时态为一般过去时，此处谓语动词wash应填其过去式washed。 14．Tilly Smith saved more than 100 ________ (tour) from the tsunami on Mai Khao Beach in Phuket, Thailand. 【答案】tourists 【详解】句意：蒂莉・史密斯在泰国普吉岛的迈考海滩海啸中救下了100多名游客。 根据数词100可知，此处需要变为表示人的名词复数形式。 tour对应的名词“游客”为tourist，复数形式直接加-s，变为tourists。 15．I felt so sad when I heard the ________ (die) of my pet dog. 【答案】death 【详解】句意：当我听到我的宠物狗死亡的消息时，我感到非常难过。定冠词“the”后需接名词作宾语。“die”的名词形式为“death”，意为“死亡”。 三、单项选择，每小题1分，满分15分 1．All of us doubt ________ he can finish the work on time or not. A．why B．how C．that D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们都怀疑他是否能按时完成工作。 why为什么；how怎样；that无实义；whether是否。根据“doubt”及句末的“or not”可知，此处表示“是否”，构成“whether... or not”固定搭配，应填whether。 2．The teacher asked us ________ we had read The Little Prince. A．that B．whether C．what D．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师问我们是否读过《小王子》。 “The teacher asked us...”后面接的是宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，无实际意义，在从句中不充当成分，通常用于陈述语气；what表示“什么”，在从句中可作主语、宾语等；which表示“哪一个”，通常用于有范围选择的情况。而whether意为“是否”，常用来引导一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句。本句中老师询问“我们是否读过《小王子》”，是一个一般疑问句转化的宾语从句，所以用whether引导。 3．—Could you tell me ________ the meeting ________ tomorrow morning? —I need to make a schedule. A．if; will start B．that; starts C．when; start D．where; will starts 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我会议明天上午是否会开始吗？——我需要制定一个日程表。 if是否；that引导宾语从句，无实义；when什么时候；where哪里。第一空，主句“Could you tell me...”后接宾语从句，根据答句“我需要制定日程表”可知，问句是在询问会议的相关情况，结合选项，if符合语境；第二空，时间状语“tomorrow morning”表示将来，宾语从句需用一般将来时“will start”。 4．I don’t know ________ he will come tomorrow. ________ he comes, I’ll tell you. A．if; Whether B．whether; Whether C．if; If D．if; That 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不知道他明天是否会来。如果他来了，我会告诉你。 if和whether都有“是否”的意思，引导宾语从句时一般可以互换；if还有“如果”的意思，引导条件状语从句。第一空，根据“I don’t know...he will come tomorrow.”可知，此处是不知道他明天“是否”会来，用if或whether均可；第二空，根据“...he comes, I’ll tell you.”可知，此处是“如果”他来就告诉“我”，用if引导条件状语从句。 5．—I’m worried ________ I can enter a good high school or not. —Work hard and trust in yourself. A．whether B．that C．what D．if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我担心我能否进入一所好的高中。——努力学习，相信你自己。 根据宾语从句的语法规则，当要表达“是否”且从句中出现“or not”时，只能用whether 引导，不能用if，故选A。 6．She asked me________I ________the film Ne Zha before I came to the cinema. A．if; have seen B．that; saw C．if; had seen D．whether; see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她问我在我来电影院之前是否看过电影《哪吒》。 根据主句谓语asked可知从句表示疑问“是否”，应用if或whether引导；从句动作“看电影”发生在过去动作came之前，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时had seen。A项为现在完成时，B项引导词不符且时态为一般过去时，D项为一般现在时，时态均不符。故选C。 7．I ________ if it will rain tomorrow. If it doesn’t rain, I’ll go fishing. A．wonder B．believe C．know D．hope 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道明天是否会下雨。如果不下雨，我就去钓鱼。 wonder想知道；believe相信；know知道；hope希望。根据后句“If it doesn’t rain, I’ll go fishing.”可知，说话者不确定明天是否下雨，想要知道天气情况。wonder 后接 if 引导的宾语从句符合语境。 8．I’m not sure ________. A．if people had sixth sense B．does people have sixth sense C．whether people have sixth sense D．that people have sixth sense 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我不确定人们是否有第六感。 “I’m not sure”后面为宾语从句，需要用陈述语序，排除B；“I’m not sure”表示“不确定、有疑问”，后面的句子要体现这种不确定的含义，要用if或者whether引导，排除D；横线前面用的是一般现在时，后面的宾语从句也要用一般现在时，A选项的had为过去时，排除；C选项为陈述语序，whether引导，表示“是否”，用的是一般现在时，符合要求。 9．—I’m planning a trip to Harbin this summer holiday. I wonder ________ July is the best time to go there. —Why not go online to get more information about it? A．when B．what C．where D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我计划今年暑假去哈尔滨旅行。我想知道七月是否是去那里的最佳时间。——为什么不上网获取更多关于它的信息呢？ when什么时候；what什么；where哪里；whether是否。根据语境可知，说话人不确定七月是不是最佳时间，表示“是否”之意，应用whether引导宾语从句。 10．We discussed ________ we should visit the museum or the park. A．that B．if C．whether D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们讨论了我们是应该参观博物馆还是公园。 that那；if如果/是否；whether是否；what什么。根据“we should visit the museum or the park.”可知，此处是whether ... or ... 结构，意为“是……还是……”。 11．I am evaluating ________ my learning strategies are effective. A．whether B．what C．because D．that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我正在评估我的学习策略是否有效。 whether是否；what什么；because因为；that无实义。根据“I am evaluating... my learning strategies are effective.”可知，从句结构完整，表示评估策略“是否”有效，应用whether引导宾语从句。 12．Could you tell me ________ our school team will enter the final of the basketball match tomorrow? A．that B．if C．which D．why 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你能告诉我我们校队明天是否会进入篮球比赛的决赛吗？ 分析句子可知，此处为宾语从句。根据句意可知，说话者不确定校队能否进入决赛，表示“是否”之意，应用 if 引导宾语从句。 13．The teacher asked ________ we knew the danger of natural disasters. A．what B．which C．whether D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师问我们是否知道自然灾害的危险。 what什么（引导宾语从句时需在从句中充当主语/宾语）；which哪一个（引导宾语从句时需有明确的选择范围）；whether是否（引导宾语从句时从句本身结构完整，仅需表达疑问含义）；who谁（引导宾语从句时指代人并作主语/宾语）。根据句子“we knew the danger of natural disasters”本身结构完整，不缺主语或宾语，且老师询问的是我们对于自然灾害危险的了解情况，即是否知道，应填whether。 14．Mr. An wondered ________ it was just bad weather. A．if B．what C．that D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：安先生想知道是否只是糟糕的天气。 if如果 / 是否；what什么；that那个 / 那 / 引导从句时无实义；where哪里。宾语从句表达“是否”，用if引导。 15．—How’s the weather tomorrow? I don’t know if it ________ tomorrow. —Well, if it ________, I won’t go out with you. A．will rain; will rain B．rains; rains C．rains; will rain D．will rain; rains 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——明天的天气怎么样？我不知道明天是否会下雨。——嗯，如果下雨，我就不和你出去了。 第一个if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知应用一般将来时will rain；第二个if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句为一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时，主语“it”是第三人称单数，应用rains。 四、完成句子，每小题1分，满分15分 1．he, good, wonder, at, if, I, English, is (连词成句) _______________________________________________. 【答案】I wonder if he is good at English. 【详解】根据所给词语及标点符号可知，句子为陈述句：I wonder if he is good at English.“我想知道他是否擅长英语。”其中I作主语；wonder作主句谓语；if引导宾语从句；he作从句主语；is good at为固定搭配，意为“擅长……”；English 作介词宾语。 2．我不确定是否能按时完成作业。 I’m not ________ ________ I can finish the homework on time. 【答案】 sure/certain whether/if 【详解】原句中“确定”和“是否”是关键词。表示“确定”的词是sure/certain，形容词，作表语；表示“是否”的词是whether/if，引导后面的宾语从句。 3．当火警响起时，所有人都立刻从大楼里出来了。 When the fire alarm rang, everyone got out of the building ________ ________. 【答案】 at once 【详解】原句中“立刻”是关键词，在英文中可用固定短语at once，作状语修饰got out。 4．荷兰的风暴潮屏障是抵御沿海洪水的重要防线。   The storm surge barrier in the Netherlands is an important ________ against ________ flooding. 【答案】 defense/defence coastal 【详解】原句中“防线”和“沿海”是关键词，表示“防线”的单词是defense/defence，an important defense/defence“重要防线”；“沿海洪水”对应coastal flooding，其中coastal“沿海的、海岸的”，形容词作定语。 5．The big fire burned down the small village.（改为否定句） The big fire ________ ________ down the small village. 【答案】 didn’t burn 【详解】句意：大火烧毁了那个小村庄。原句是一般过去时，要求变为否定句，原句谓语burned是实义动词过去式，变否定句时加助动词didn’t，谓语动词还原为原形burn，故填didn’t；burn。 6．Thousands of people lost their homes in the flood. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ people lost their homes in the flood? 【答案】 How many 【详解】句意：成千上万的人在洪水中失去了家园。划线部分Thousands of people表示“人的数量”，对可数名词的数量提问需要用how many“多少”，句首首字母大写。 7．采取行动减少灾害或次生灾害是每个人的责任。   It is everyone’s ________ to take action to ________ disasters or secondary disasters. 【答案】 responsibility reduce 【详解】原句中“责任”“减少”是关键词，表示“责任”的单词是“responsibility”，表示“减少”的单词是“reduce”，不定式符号to后接动词原形。 8．当洪水来临时，村民们迅速搬到了安全的地方。 When the flood came, the villagers ________ ________ to the safe place ________. 【答案】 moved quickly immediately 【详解】原句中“迅速搬”是关键词。“搬”是move，“When the flood came”表明时态是一般过去时，用过去式moved；“迅速地”是quickly，副词修饰动词moved；句末可补充副词immediately“立即”，进一步强调动作的及时性。 9．地震凸显了一个重要问题——灾害常常引起连锁反应。   The earthquake ________ an important problem — disasters often cause a ________ ________. 【答案】 highlighted chain reaction 【详解】原句中“凸显了”和“连锁反应”是关键词，表示“凸显”的单词是highlight，其过去式直接加ed即可，表示“连锁反应”的短语是chain reaction。故填highlighted；chain；reaction。 10．你能否做好取决于你的学习习惯。 ________ or not you can do this well ________ ________ your learning habits. 【答案】 Whether depends on 【详解】原句中“能否”和“取决于”是关键词。根据第一个空格后“or not”可知，此处“能否”用Whether表示；“取决于”可用depend on表示，句子主语为主语从句，谓语动词需用第三人称单数。 11．在台风季节，我们应该保持冷静、做好准备、保持安全。   In the coming typhoon season, we should stay calm, stay ________, and stay ________. 【答案】 ready/prepared safe 【详解】原句中“做好准备”以及“保持安全”是关键词，表示“做好准备”的短语为“stay ready/prepared”；表示“保持安全”的短语为“stay safe”。故填ready/prepared；safe。 12．我想今晚不应该有人出去。   I don’t think ________ should go out tonight. 【答案】anybody/anyone 【详解】原句中“有人”是关键词，表示“有人”的代词为“someone”（常用于肯定句）。原句是否定转移结构，实际否定的是从句内容，即“（不存在）任何人应该出去”。表示“任何人”的代词是anyone​/anybody。故填anybody/anyone。 13．你爸爸已经确保我们有足够的食物、淡水和电池，以防停电。   Your dad has already made sure we have enough food, fresh water and batteries ________ ________ the power goes ________. 【答案】 in case off/out 【详解】原句中“以防停电”是关键词，表示“以防”的短语为“in case”；表示“停电”的短语为“the power goes off/out”。故填in；case；off/out。 14．天气预报说明天有台风。   The weather report says there is going to be a ________ tomorrow. 【答案】typhoon 【详解】原文中“台风”是关键词，typhoon表示台风，故填typhoon。 15．灾难的全面损失尚不清楚，但肯定非常巨大。   The full _______ of the damage is still unknown, but it is certain to be _______. 【答案】 extent huge 【详解】原句中“全面”和“巨大的”是关键词。表示“程度/范围”的名词为“extent”，与“of the damage”搭配表示损失的全面程度；表示“巨大的/庞大的”形容词为“huge”。故填extent；huge。 五、语法选择，每小题1分，满分20分 Natural disasters 1 more frequent and severe in recent years around the world. Scientists believe that climate change 2 a major role in this worrying trend. Many countries now 3 better warning systems including advanced weather monitoring technology to protect people from potential dangers. When a disaster suddenly 4 , it is important to stay calm and avoid panic. People should immediately follow instructions 5 by local authorities through official channels. In some high-risk areas, schools regularly practise earthquake and fire drills so that students 6 exactly what to do when real emergencies occur, such as where to find safe shelter. We cannot prevent natural disasters from 7 completely, but we can definitely reduce their impact through adequate preparation. Making an emergency kit with essential supplies is much 8 than waiting until the last minute when stores may be closed. Remember, being prepared today 9 your life tomorrow and protects your loved ones. Let’s all learn 10 ready for unexpected events by creating family emergency plans and staying informed about local risks. 1．A．have become B．became C．are becoming 2．A．plays B．played C．playing 3．A．develop B．developed C．are developing 4．A．strikes B．struck C．will strike 5．A．give B．gave C．given 6．A．know B．knew C．will know 7．A．happen B．happening C．happened 8．A．good B．better C．best 9．A．saves B．save C．could save 10．A．be B．to be C．being 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述近年来自然灾害愈发频繁，各国正完善预警系统，并强调人们应通过充分准备来降低灾害影响的故事。 1．句意：近年来，世界各地的自然灾害变得更加频繁和严重。 in recent years是现在完成时的标志，强调从过去到现在的变化，应用have become。became是一般过去时，are becoming是现在进行时，均不符合语境。 2．句意：科学家认为气候变化在这一令人担忧的趋势中扮演着重要角色。 主语climate change是单数，句子表达客观事实，应用一般现在时plays。played是一般过去时，playing不能单独作谓语，均不符。 3．句意：许多国家现在正在开发更好的预警系统，包括先进的天气监测技术，以保护人们免受潜在危险。 now体现“现阶段正在进行”的动作，应用现在进行时are developing。develop是一般现在时，developed是一般过去时，均不能体现“正在进行”的含义。 4．句意：当灾难突然来袭时，保持冷静、避免恐慌很重要。 时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，应用strikes。struck是一般过去时，will strike是一般将来时，均不符合语法规则。 5．句意：人们应立即遵循地方当局通过官方渠道发布的指示。 instructions和give是被动关系，需用过去分词given作后置定语，表示“被给出的指示”。give和gave不能体现被动含义，均不符。 6．句意：在一些高风险地区，学校定期进行地震和消防演练，以便学生在真正的紧急情况发生时确切知道该做什么。 so that引导目的状语从句，主句为一般现在时，从句用一般现在时know表“具备的能力”，比将来时更贴合语境。knew是一般过去时，will know是一般将来时，均不如know贴切。 7．句意：我们无法完全阻止自然灾害发生，但我们肯定可以通过充分准备来减少其影响。 固定搭配prevent...from doing sth.表示“阻止……做某事”，应用动名词happening。happen和happened不能跟在from后，均不符。 8．句意：准备一个包含基本物资的应急包，比等到最后一刻商店可能关门时再准备要好得多。 much后接比较级，且有than表对比，应用better。good是原级，best是最高级，均不符合比较语境。 9．句意：记住，今天做好准备会拯救你明天的生命，并保护你所爱的人。 动名词短语being prepared today作主语，谓语动词用单数，应用saves。save是原形，could save是过去将来时，均不符。 10．句意：让我们都通过制定家庭应急计划和了解当地风险，来学习为意外事件做好准备。 固定搭配learn to do sth.表示“学习做某事”，应用不定式to be。be和being不能跟在learn后，均不符。 Preparing for natural disasters Natural disasters like earthquakes and floods can happen suddenly, so knowing how 1 for them is important. It’s hard to predict 2 a disaster will strike your area, but being ready helps you avoid danger. Last year, a small town in Sichuan had a flood. Local people said 3 scary it was when the water rose quickly. But those who 4 the disaster tips stayed safe. For example, Mr. Li moved his family to higher ground as soon as he 5 the warning. If you live in an area with frequent storms, remember 6 all windows before the storm comes. You should also learn 7 to use a fire extinguisher, just in case. Many schools teach students about disaster safety, and students say 8 these lessons help them feel more confident. 9 important it is to stay calm during a disaster! Panic can make things worse. No matter 10 the disaster is, following safety rules can save lives. 1．A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing 2．A．what B．how C．whether 3．A．how B．what C．what a 4．A．follow B．followed C．will follow 5．A．hears B．heard C．is hearing 6．A．to close B．closing C．close 7．A．how B．what C．that 8．A．if B．that C．why 9．A．What B．How C．What an 10．A．what B．when C．where 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，强调了为自然灾害提前做准备的重要性。 1．句意：像地震和洪水这样的自然灾害可能会突然发生，因此了解如何做好应对准备非常重要。 prepare准备，动词原形；to prepare准备，动词不定式；preparing准备，动名词。空格前为疑问词“how”，故此处应用“疑问词+动词不定式”的固定结构，整体相当于一个名词短语，在句中作宾语。故选B。 2．句意：虽然很难预测灾难是否会降临到你的所在地区，但做好准备能帮助你避免危险。 what什么；how怎么样；whether是否。动词“predict”（预测）后接宾语从句，表示不确定性，需用“whether”（是否）引导。故选C。 3．句意：当地居民说，洪水迅速上涨的时候场面非常可怕。 how引导的感叹句后接形容词或副词；what后接不可数名词或复数名词短语；what a后接单数名词短语。此空格考查感叹句结构，修饰形容词“scary”（可怕的），需用“how”表示“多么”。故选A。 4．句意：但那些遵循了救灾建议的人却安然无恙。 follow遵循，动词原形；followed遵循，动词过去式；will follow遵循，一般将来时。根据语境可知，此处是描述过去事件（去年的洪水），定语从句需用过去时，动词follow应用过去式。故选B。 5．句意：比如，李先生一听到警报就带着家人转移到了地势较高的地方。 hears听见，动词第三人称单数形式；heard听见，动词过去式；is hearing听见，现在进行时。“as soon as”（一……就）引导时间状语从句，主句“moved”为过去时，从句也需用过去时，动词hear应用过去式。故选B。 6．句意：如果你居住在经常遭受暴风雨侵袭的地区，请记得在暴风雨来临前将所有窗户关上。 to close关闭，动词不定式；closing关闭，动名词；close关闭，动词原形。remember后接动词不定式to do表示“记得要去做某事”（未发生）。选项A“to close”（关窗）正确，强调动作未完成。故选A。 7．句意：此外，你还应该学习如何使用灭火器，以防万一。 how怎么样；what什么；that引导从句时无实际意义。该空格考查“learn how to do something”（学习如何做某事）的固定搭配，故应用疑问词how，故选A。 8．句意：许多学校都会向学生传授灾害安全知识，学生们表示这些课程让他们更有信心了。 if是否，引导宾语从句时，表示不确定的概念；that引导从句时无实际意义；why为什么。根据句子结构，动词“say”后接宾语从句，此处应用“that”引导陈述句内容。故选B。 9．句意：在灾难发生时保持冷静是多么重要啊！ What后接不可数名词或名词复数形式；How后接形容词或副词；What an后接可数名词单数形式。空格处所在句子是感叹句，结构为“…important it is…”，修饰形容词用“How”，故选B。 10．句意：无论灾难是什么，遵循安全规则都能拯救生命。 what什么；when什么时候；where哪里。短语“no matter what”是固定搭配，表示“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句，故选A。 2 / 17 1 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $