Unit 6 Crossing Cultures（重难词汇精练）英语新教材人教版八年级下册

**基本信息** 初中英语单元复习词汇专项训练，以“跨文化”主题为核心，构建“基础认知-词形拓展-语境应用”的递进式词汇训练体系，提升语言能力与文化意识。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|汉译英（单词/短语）、词汇拓展（21题变形）|基础认知与词形规则训练|从单词短语记忆到词形变化（如embarrassed→embarrass→embarrassing），夯实语言基础| |词汇语境练-句子|单选（12题）、填空（18题）|单句语境词汇运用|结合跨文化场景（如问候礼仪、餐桌行为）考查词汇辨析（如embarrassed/embarrassing），提升语言理解与表达能力| |词汇语境练-语篇|填空（2篇）、语法填空（1篇）|语篇综合词汇运用|围绕跨文化交际主题（如不同国家问候方式、中国习俗），考查词汇在篇章中的连贯运用，深化文化意识与思维品质|

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 单词表单词 单词 中文意思 单词 中文意思 shake v. 与 (某人) 握手；摇动 n. 摇动；奶昔 bow v. & n. 鞠躬 bump v. 碰；撞 n. 碰撞；(撞击造成的) 肿块 fist n. 拳头 rub v. 摩擦；揉 kiss v. 亲吻 n. 吻 cheek n. 脸颊 hug v. & n. 拥抱 embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 confused adj. 困惑的 formal adj. 正式的 curry n. 咖喱菜 rude adj. 粗鲁的 uncommon adj. 罕见的；不寻常的 palm n. 手掌 namaste interj. 有礼了（印度人行合十礼时口中所念之词） fork n. 叉子 Indian adj. 印度的；印度人的 n. 印度人 manner n. 方式；(pl. manners) 礼仪 confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的 unless conj. 除非；如果不 proper adj. 恰当的 elbow n. 手肘 serving adj. 分菜用的 n. 一份食物 chopstick n. (usually pl.) 筷子 surprising adj. 出人意料的；令人吃惊的 embarrassing adj. 使人难堪的 cultural adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 custom n. 习俗 occasion n. 场合；重大活动 nicely adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 blouse n. (女式) 衬衫或短上衣 private adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 whether conj. 是否 married adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 correct adj. 正确的，恰当的 unsafe adj. 不安全的；危险的 informal adj. 非正式的 improper adj. 不合适的 jeans n. 牛仔裤 marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 congratulate v. 祝贺 Asian adj. 亚洲的 n. 亚洲人 tradition n. 传统 firstly adv. 第一；首先 secondly adv. 第二；其次 thirdly adv. 第三 correctly adv. 正确地；得体地 receive v. 收到 sign-off n. 结束语；收尾 main adj. 主要的 false adj. 错误的；不真实的 impression n. 印象 cheers interj. 再见；干杯 单词表短语 短语 中文意思 短语 中文意思 table manners 餐桌礼仪 sit up   坐直 keep ... off 使不碰到；使避开 serving chopsticks 公筷 be used to 习惯于 hear from 得到…… 消息 go a long way 帮助很大 get along 相处融洽；进展 二、词汇拓展(单词变形) 1．shake v.与（某人）握手；摇动；n. 摇动；握手 →(过去式)shook→(过去分词)shaken→(动词-ing形式) shaking 2．hug v. & n. 拥抱→(过去式)hugged→(过去分词)hugged→(动词-ing形式) hugging 3．embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 → embarrass v. 使尴尬；使难堪 → embarrassing adj. 使人难堪的→embarrassment n. 尴尬；难堪 4．confused adj. 困惑的 → confuse v. 使困惑；混淆 → confusing adj. 令人困惑的→ confusion n. 困惑；混乱 5．formal adj. 正式的 → formally adv. 正式地；形式上 → informal adj. 非正式的 6．rude adj. 粗鲁的 → rudely adv. 粗鲁地；无礼地 → rudeness n. 粗鲁；无礼 7．uncommon adj. 罕见的；不寻常的 → common adj. 常见的；普通的 → commonly adv. 通常；常常 8．proper adj. 恰当的；正确的 → properly adv. 适当地；正确地 → improper adj.不合适的 9．serving adj. 分菜用的；n. 一份食物 → serve v. 服务；提供；端上（食物） → service n. 服务；服务行业 10．surprising adj.出人意料的；令人吃惊的 →surprise v.使吃惊 →surprise 惊喜，吃惊 → surprised adj.感到吃惊的 →surprisingly adv.令人吃惊地 11．cultural adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 → culture n. 文化；文明 12．occasion n. 场合；重大活动 → occasional adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 → occasionally adv. 偶尔；间或 13．nicely adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 → nice adj. 美好的；令人愉快的 → niceness n. 美好；愉快 14．private adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 → privately adv. 私下地；秘密地 → privacy n. 隐私；私密 15．married adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 → marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 → marriage n. 婚姻；婚姻生活 16．unsafe adj. 不安全的；危险的 → safe adj. 安全的（反义词） → safely adv. 安全地；平安地 → safety n. 安全；安全处所 17．marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 → married adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 → marriage n. 婚姻；婚姻生活 18．congratulate v. 祝贺 → congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜 19．tradition n. 传统 → traditional adj. 传统的；惯例的 → traditionally adv. 传统上；习惯上 20．correctly adv. 正确地；得体地 → correct adj. 正确的；恰当的；v. 纠正；改正 → correction n. 纠正；改正 21．impression n. 印象 → impress v. 给……留下深刻印象 → impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的→impressed adj. 印象深刻的 词汇语境练-句子 一、单项选择 1．It’s ________ to swim in the river alone, so we must stop him. A．unsafe B．safe C．safety D．safely 【答案】A 【详解】句意：独自在河里游泳是不安全的，所以我们必须阻止他。 unsafe不安全的（形容词）；safe安全的（形容词）；safety安全（名词）；safely安全地（副词）。 固定句型It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.，空格处需要填入形容词，先排除名词safety和副词safely；根据后半句“我们必须阻止他”，能判断“独自在河里游泳是危险、不安全的”，因此选unsafe。 2．Don’t look so ________; it’s not a big deal. A．embarrass B．embarrassing C．embarrassed D．embarrasses 【答案】C 【详解】句意：别看起来这么尴尬，这不是什么大事。 embarrass使尴尬；embarrassing令人尴尬的，令人为难的（形容词，修饰事物）；embarrassed感到尴尬的，为难的（形容词，修饰人）；embarrasses使尴尬（动词第三人称单数）。此处形容词作表语，修饰人，形容人不要看着这么尴尬。 3．It is ________ to see him act this way. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprises 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看到他这样行事真是令人惊讶。 surprise惊喜；surprised感到惊讶的，通常修饰人的感受；surprising令人惊讶的，通常修饰某件事；surprises惊讶。本句话的结构是“It is + adj. + to do sth.”，这里“It”是形式主语，真正主语是不定式“to see him act this way”，这是一件事情。要表示“这件事”令人惊讶，应填修饰事物的surprising。 4．You should dress ________ for the occasion when going to a party. A．proper B．properly C．polite D．politely 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去参加派对时，你应该根据场合得体地着装。   proper得体的（形容词）；properly得体地（副词）；polite礼貌的（形容词）；politely礼貌地（副词）。此空修饰动词“dress”，应用副词形式；根据“for the occasion”可知，表示着装方式“得体地”，properly符合语境。 5．The question was ________, and I felt ________ when I couldn’t answer it. A．confusing; confused B．confused; confusing C．confusing; confusing D．confused; confused 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个问题令人困惑，当我答不出来时，我感到很困惑。 confusing令人困惑的；confused感到困惑的。confusing是ing结尾的形容词，用来描述事物的性质，句中修饰“the question”，表示“问题本身令人困惑”。confused是ed结尾的形容词，用来描述人的感受，句中修饰“I”，表示“我感到困惑”。应选confusing；confused，符合ing形容词修饰事物，ed形容词修饰人的语法规则。 6．Ten years later, the two old friends met again and ________ excitedly. A．hugged B．waited C．counted D．pushed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：十年后，两位老朋友再次见面并兴奋地拥抱。 hugged拥抱；waited等待；counted数数；pushed推。根据“Ten years later, the two old friends met again”可知是老朋友久别重逢，见面时应该是兴奋地拥抱。 7．People usually ________ hands when they meet for the first time in China. A．shake B．bump C．receive D．correct 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在中国，人们第一次见面时通常握手。 考查动词辨析。shake握手；bump撞击；receive收到；correct更正。根据常识和语境可知，第一次见面时的常见礼节是“握手”，固定搭配为“shake hands”。故选A。 8．—Jason, you should really mind your ________. It’s impolite to talk loudly in public. —Sorry, Mum. I’ll remember what you said. A．customs B．manners C．servings D．traditions 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——杰森，你真的应该注意你的礼貌。在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的。——对不起，妈妈。我会记住你说的话。 customs习俗；manners礼貌，举止；servings一份菜；traditions传统。根据后句“It’s impolite to talk loudly in public.”可知，在公共场合大声说话是不礼貌的行为，因此妈妈提醒要注意举止礼貌，固定短语，mind your manners意为“注意礼貌”，应填manners。 9．She decided to ________ him next year after dating (约会) for five years. A．marry B．marry with C．marry to D．married 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在约会五年后，她决定明年嫁给他。 考查动词用法。marry结婚；marry with错误搭配；marry to错误搭配；married已婚的（形容词或过去式）。marry是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，表示“与……结婚”，不需要加介词。故选A。 10．My mother used to ________ with the mobile phone after dinner. But now she is used to ________ in the square for her health. A．play; dance B．play; dancing C．playing; dance D．playing; dancing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我妈妈过去常常在晚饭后玩手机。但现在她习惯在广场上跳舞为了健康。 考查used to和be used to 。play玩；dance跳舞：dancing跳舞，动名词形式：playing玩，动名词形式。used to+动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事”，强调过去的习惯。be used to+动名词/名词：表示“习惯于做某事”，强调现在的状态。故选B。 11．It’s necessary to use ________ language to avoid misunderstandings. A．correct B．false C．private D．main 【答案】A 【详解】句意：使用正确的语言来避免误解是很有必要的。 考查形容词辨析。correct正确的；false错误的；private私人的；main主要的。根据“to avoid misunderstandings”为了避免误解，可知应该是使用正确的语言，所以用correct。故选A。 12．This shop will close down soon __________ the owner can get some money to support it. A．if B．unless C．when D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除非店主能拿到一些钱来支撑这家店，否则这家店很快就会倒闭。 if如果；unless除非；when当……时候；though尽管。根据“This shop will close down soon...the owner can get some money to support it.”可知，店主能拿到钱支撑店铺是店铺不会倒闭的条件，所以此处表示“除非”，应填unless。 二、根据汉语或首字母提示填空 1．In France, people usually ________ (亲吻) each other on the cheek when they meet. 【答案】kiss 【详解】句意：在法国，人们见面时通常互相亲吻脸颊。中文“亲吻”对应动词kiss；主语people为复数，usually是一般现在时的标志词，动词要用原形。 2．Learning about different ________ (文化的) traditions can help us understand other countries better. 【答案】cultural 【详解】句意：了解不同的文化传统可以帮助我们更好地了解其他国家。cultural“文化的”，形容词作定语，修饰名词traditions。 3．He prefers to keep his _________ (私人的) life separate from his work responsibilities. 【答案】private 【详解】句意：他喜欢把自己的私人生活和工作职责分开。此处需要形容词修饰名词life，“私人的”对应的形容词是private，private life意为“私人生活”。 4．Sophie’s ________ (主要的) hobby is drawing, and she spends an hour on it daily. 【答案】main 【详解】句意：索菲的主要爱好是画画，她每天花一个小时在上面。根据所给汉语提示可知，此处对应单词为main。此处位于名词hobby之前作定语，需用形容词形式，故填main。 5．I often wear ________ (牛仔裤) when I go shopping with my friends. 【答案】jeans 【详解】句意：当我和我的朋友去购物时，我经常穿牛仔裤。jeans“牛仔裤”，通常以复数形式出现。 6．The two old friends ________ (拥抱) each other tightly when they met again twenty years later. 【答案】hugged 【详解】句意：当二十年后两个老朋友再次相遇时，他们紧紧拥抱彼此。hug“拥抱”，是动词；由“met”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，此处应用其过去式形式，双写词尾辅音字母g，加-ed。 7．We need to learn to use the computer and Internet in a p________ (恰当的) way. 【答案】proper/roper 【详解】句意：我们需要学习以恰当的方式使用电脑和互联网。根据汉语提示，空格意为“恰当的”，是以字母p开头的形容词。故填proper。 8． I’m not going. Firstly I haven’t a ticket and s______ (其次) I don’t like the play. 【答案】(s)econdly 【详解】句意：我不去。首先我没有票，其次我不喜欢这部戏剧。其次：secondly，副词，修饰整个句子。故填(s)econdly。 9．She was excited to ________ (收到) a letter from the famous athlete she had always admired. 【答案】receive 【详解】句意：她很高兴收到了她一直仰慕的那位著名运动员的来信。“收到”可译为receive，动词。be excited to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”，to后接动词原形。 10．She c________  (祝贺) me warmly on my exam results. 【答案】congratulated/congratulates/ongratulated/ongratulates 【详解】句意：她热烈地祝贺我的考试成绩。“祝贺”congratulate，动词，根据语境可知，该句时态用一般过去时和一般现在时均可，主语是She，谓语动词用过去式或动词三单形式。故填congratulated/congratulates。 11．The news he told us is ________ (错误的). You can’t believe it or you will make mistakes. 【答案】false 【详解】句意：他告诉我们的消息是错误的。你不能相信，否则你会犯错误。false“错误的”，形容词，作表语。 12．I asked him ________ (是否) he had done it all by himself or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：我问过他，这件事是否完全是他自己一个人做的。在宾语从句中，表示“是否”可用whether或if，但从句末尾出现了or not，此时只能用whether，构成“whether...or not”结构。if 不能与or not直接连用。 12．We should use ________ ________ (公筷) when we have meals with others. 【答案】 serving chopsticks 【详解】句意：与他人一起用餐时，我们应该使用公筷。根据中文提示“公筷”，英文表达为serving chopsticks。serving 意为“分餐用的”，chopsticks意为“筷子”。两者合起来表示“公筷”。 14．It’s important to have good ________ ________ (餐桌礼仪) in different countries. 【答案】 table manners 【详解】句意：在不同的国家拥有良好的餐桌礼仪是很重要的。根据汉语提示可知，table manners“餐桌礼仪”，固定短语。 15．She ________ ________ ________  (习惯于)getting up early every morning.  【答案】 is used to 【详解】句意：她习惯每天早起。“习惯于做某事”的固定搭配是be used to doing sth.，其中to是介词，后面接动名词形式。主语“She”是第三人称单数，一般现在时中be动词用is，所以完整结构为is used to。 16．The two friends have different hobbies, but they still ________ ________(相处融洽) with each other. 【答案】get along 【详解】句意：这两个朋友爱好不同，但他们仍然彼此相处融洽。句子时态为一般现在时，主语they是复数，谓语动词用原形。“相处融洽”的固定短语为get along。 17．A little kindness can ________ ________ ________ ________ (帮助很大) in making someone’s day better. 【答案】 go a long way 【详解】句意：一点点善意就能在改善他人的一天方面帮助很大。根据中文提示可知，“帮助很大”对应的英文是go a long way，是动词短语，位于情态动词can之后，用动词原形。 18．She was thrilled to ________ ________ (得到……消息) her old friend after so many years. 【答案】 hear from 【详解】句意：多年之后，她很高兴得到了老朋友的消息。句中be thrilled to后接动词原形，hear from“得到……的消息；收到……来信”，为固定短语。 词汇语境练-语篇 一、用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空。 A 根据句意用方框中的单词或短语填空，每个只能用一次。 informal/improper/marry/received/main/false/traditions/jeans 1．Li Hua often shares different Chinese with Steve online. 2．It is OK to wear jeans for this party with friends. 3．One step will make a great difference. 4．The Great Wall millions of tourists from home and abroad last year. 5．This pair of is perfect for daily wear and can stand years of use. 6．You’d better put your bag on your knees. It’s to take up two seats on the bus. 7．—In some cultures, people at a very young age. —Yes, but in my country, most people wait until they’re older. 8．When you are reading a story, you can first look through the story to understand the idea. 【答案】1．traditions 2．informal 3．false 4．received 5．jeans 6．improper 7．marry 8．main 【解析】 1．句意：李华经常在网上和史蒂夫分享不同的中国传统。根据“different Chinese”和“shares”可知，此处应填名词复数，traditions表示“传统”，符合语境。故填traditions。 2．句意：对于这个非正式的朋友聚会，穿牛仔裤是可以的。根据“It is OK to wear jeans”及备选词汇可知，这里指的是非正式的朋友聚会，informal表示“非正式的”，是形容词，此处作定语。故填informal。 3．句意：一个错误的步骤将会产生巨大的影响/一步错，步步错/一着不慎，满盘皆输。根据“step”和“make a great difference”可知，此处应填形容词修饰名词“step”，false表示“错误的”，符合语境。故填false。 4．句意：去年长城接待了数百万来自国内外的游客。根据“millions of tourists from home and abroad”及备选词汇可知，这里指的是接待了数百万游客，receive表示“接待”，是动词；根据“last year”可知，此处要用一般过去时，receive的过去式为received。故填received。 5．句意：这条牛仔裤非常适合日常穿着，并且可以穿很多年。根据“This pair of”和“for daily wear”可知，此处应填衣物类名词，jeans表示“牛仔裤”，符合语境。故填jeans。 6．句意：你最好把包放在膝盖上。在公共汽车上占两个座位是不合适的。根据“You’d better put your bag on your knees.”及备选词汇可知，这里指的是在公共汽车上占两个座位是不合适的，improper表示“不合适的”，是形容词，此处作表语。故填improper。 7．句意：——在一些文化中，人们很早就结婚了。——是的，但在我的国家，大多数人要等到年纪大了才结婚。根据“but in my country, most people wait until they’re older.”及备选词汇可知，这里指的是人们很早就结婚了，marry表示“结婚”，是动词；句子为一般现在时，主语是people，谓语动词用原形。故填marry。 8．句意：当你读一个故事时，你可以先浏览一下，理解它的主旨。根据“look through the story to understand the”和“idea”可知，此处应填形容词修饰名词“idea”，main表示“主要的”，main idea表示“主旨”，符合语境。故填main。 B 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。 special； kiss； correctly；respect； improper manner；cultural； greet； bump； unless Do you know how to make a good first impression on someone in other countries? Knowing their 1 of greeting is key. Here are some manners to greet people 2 . Firstly, in Western countries like the USA and the UK, people often shake hands on formal occasions. On informal occasions, friends may hug or 3 fists—a quick touch of fists. In European countries like France, 4 on the cheek is common, but the number of kisses varies; once in some places, twice or more in others. In Asian countries, bowing shows 5 . In Japan, people bow. The deeper the bow, the more polite it is. In China, shaking hands is popular, but bowing is still used on 6 occasions, like the Spring Festival. In some Middle Eastern countries, men may 7 with a handshake and a light kiss on the cheek. What if we don't know these customs? 8 we know the culture well, it’s safer to smile and wait for others to act first. Using an 9 greeting, like hugging in a formal or serious situation, can make others feel uncomfortable. Remember: Every country has its own way to say “hello”, but the goal is the same—to be polite and kind. Learning these greetings helps us understand the 10 differences and make the world colorful! It also helps us enjoy the experience of meeting a foreign friend. 【答案】 1．manners 2．correctly 3．bump 4．kissing 5．respect 6．special 7．greet 8．Unless 9．improper 10．cultural 【导语】文章介绍了不同国家的见面礼仪，说明了了解各国问候方式的重要性，帮助人们在跨文化交流中留下好印象，严格遵循每词仅用一次的要求。 1．句意：了解他们的问候方式是关键。此处需要一个名词，在句中作Knowing的宾语。因为后文提到“greeting”“manners to greet people”，表示“问候的方式、礼仪”，且manner表示“礼仪”时常用复数，所以选择manners。 2．句意：这里有一些正确问候他人的礼仪。此处需要一个副词，在句中作状语修饰动词greet。因为语境是介绍正确的问候方式，需要副词修饰动词表示“正确地”，所以选择correctly。 3．句意：在非正式场合，朋友可能会拥抱或碰拳——快速碰一下拳头。此处需要一个动词原形，在句中与hug并列作谓语。因为后文提到“a quick touch of fists”，表示“碰拳”，bump fists是固定搭配，且may后接动词原形，所以选择bump。 4．句意：在法国等欧洲国家，亲吻脸颊是常见的，但亲吻次数各不相同。此处需要一个动名词，在句中作句子主语。因为语境是介绍法国的问候礼仪“亲吻脸颊”，需要动名词作主语表示“亲吻”这个动作，所以选择kissing。 5．句意：在亚洲国家，鞠躬表示尊重。此处需要一个名词，在句中作shows的宾语。因为文化常识中鞠躬是表达尊重的礼仪，需要名词表示“尊重”，所以选择respect。 6．句意：在中国，握手很流行，但在特殊场合，比如春节，仍然使用鞠躬。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词occasions。因为后文举例“春节”，表示“特殊的场合”，需要形容词修饰名词，所以选择special。 7．句意：在一些中东国家，男性可能会用握手加轻吻脸颊的方式打招呼。此处需要一个动词原形，在句中与情态动词may并列作谓语。因为语境是介绍问候方式，需要动词表示“问候、打招呼”，且may后接动词原形，所以选择greet。 8．句意：除非我们很了解这种文化，否则对我们来说，微笑着等待别人先行动会更安全。此处需要一个连词，引导条件状语从句。因为前后句是“除非了解文化，否则安全等待”的逻辑关系，需要连词表示“除非”，所以选择Unless。 9．句意：在正式或严肃的场合使用不恰当的问候，比如拥抱，会让别人感到不舒服。此处需要一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词greeting。因为后文提到“让别人不舒服”，表示“不恰当的问候”，需要形容词修饰名词，所以选择improper。 10．句意：学习这些问候语帮助我们了解文化差异，让世界丰富多彩！此处需要一个形容词，在句中作定语修饰名词differences。因为语境是跨文化问候，cultural differences是固定表达，表示“文化差异”，需要形容词修饰名词，所以选择cultural。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is impossible to name all Chinese customs in one passage. Even so, in this passage we bring you several Chinese 1 (culture) customs and traditions that you should know. Here we go. It’s 2 (common) for Chinese to show their feelings openly, also avoiding any unnecessary body touch. The Chinese see it badly that people kiss each other 3 the face, even if they are women. In fact, it was not so acceptable to shake hands in the past. As the country gradually (逐渐地) lets western customs in, people are used to 4 (shake) hands to greet. At meals, some details should be known by both guests and hosts. In China, the older guests are always seated first, and then others can take their seats. Food 5 (manner) are also very important. You should never serve yourself a drink; it should be served by someone else. Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is so rude 6 you should avoid it. And to eat food, you must put your mouth close to your own bowl. But don’t be 7 (surprise) if people eat with their mouths open. This is normal in China. Many of you have already known it’s 8 (embarrass) to open gifts in public. But that’s not the only important thing to know when 9 (receive) gifts in China. For example, the Chinese will always refuse your gift up to three times 10 (show) they are well educated. But in the end, they are willing to accept it. 【答案】 1．cultural 2．uncommon 3．on 4．shaking 5．manners 6．that 7．surprised 8．embarrassing 9．receiving 10．to show 【导语】本文介绍了几种需要了解的中国文化习俗与传统，包括社交礼仪、餐桌礼仪以及收赠礼物的注意事项。 1．句意：尽管如此，在这篇文章中，我们为你带来了一些你应该了解的中国文化习俗和传统。“culture”意为“文化”，此处需要用其形容词形式cultural修饰名词“customs and traditions”，表示“文化的”。故填cultural。 2．句意：中国人很少公开表达自己的感情，也避免任何不必要的身体接触。“common”意为“常见的”，根据后文“The Chinese see it badly that people kiss each other”的语境，可知此处应表示“不常见”，用其反义词uncommon。故填uncommon。 3．句意：中国人认为人们亲吻对方的脸是很不好的，即使她们是女性。“on the face”是固定搭配，表示“在脸上”。故填on。 4．句意：随着这个国家逐渐融入西方习俗，人们习惯了握手问候。“be used to doing sth”是固定搭配，表示“习惯于做某事”，因此“shake”需要变为动名词shaking。故填shaking。 5．句意：餐桌礼仪也非常重要。“manner”意为“方式；态度”，在表示“礼仪、规矩”时常用复数形式manners，“food manners”即“餐桌礼仪”。故填manners。 6．句意：把筷子插在一碗米饭里是非常不礼貌的，你应该避免这样做。“so…that…”是固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填that。 7．句意：但如果人们吃饭时张着嘴，不要感到惊讶。“surprise”意为“使惊讶”，此处需要用其形容词形式surprised描述人的感受，表示“感到惊讶的”。故填surprised。 8．句意：你们很多人已经知道，在公共场合打开礼物是令人尴尬的。“embarrass”意为“使尴尬”，此处需要用其形容词形式embarrassing描述事物的性质，表示“令人尴尬的”。故填embarrassing。 9．句意：但这并不是在中国收礼物时需要知道的唯一重要的事情。“when doing sth”是“when sb is doing sth”的省略结构，表示“当做某事的时候”，因此“receive”需要变为现在分词receiving。故填receiving。 10．句意：例如，中国人总是会拒绝你的礼物多达三次，以显示他们受过良好的教育。此处用动词不定式to show作目的状语，表示“refuse your gift”的目的是“they are well educated”。故填to show。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 词汇专项过关 目录 词汇基础练 词汇语境练-句子 词汇语境练-语篇 词汇基础练 一、汉译英 单词表单词 单词 中文意思 单词 中文意思 v. 与 (某人) 握手；摇动 n. 摇动；奶昔 bow v.&n. bump n. ； v. ； fist n. rub v. ； v. 亲吻 n. 吻 cheek n. v. & n. 拥抱 embarrassed adj. confused adj. formal adj. curry n. rude adj. adj. 罕见的；不寻常的 palm n. namaste interj. n. 叉子 Indian adj. ；n. n. 方式；(pl. ) 礼仪 confusing adj. ； conj. 除非；如果不 adj. 恰当的 elbow n. adj. 分菜用的 n. 一份食物 n. (usually pl.) 筷子 adj. 出人意料的；令人吃惊的 embarrassing adj. adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 custom n. occasion n. 场合；重大活动 adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 n. (女式) 衬衫或短上衣 adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 conj. 是否 adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 adj. 正确的，恰当的 adj. 不安全的；危险的 informal adj. adj. 不合适的 n. 牛仔裤 v. 结婚；娶；嫁 v. 祝贺 Asian adj. ；n. n. 传统 adv. 第一；首先 adv. 第二；其次 adv. 第三 adv. 正确地；得体地 v. 收到 sign-off n. ； adj. 主要的 adj. 错误的；不真实的 impression n. interj. 再见；干杯 单词表短语 短语 中文意思 短语 中文意思 餐桌礼仪 坐直 使不碰到；使避开 公筷 习惯于 得到…… 消息 帮助很大 相处融洽；进展 二、词汇拓展(单词变形) 1．shake v.与（某人）握手；摇动；n. 摇动；握手 →(过去式) →(过去分词) →(动词-ing形式) 2．hug v. & n. 拥抱→(过去式) →(过去分词) →(动词-ing形式) 3．embarrassed adj. 尴尬的 → v. 使尴尬；使难堪 → adj. 使人难堪的→ n. 尴尬；难堪 4．confused adj. 困惑的 → v. 使困惑；混淆 → adj. 令人困惑的→ n. 困惑；混乱 5．formal adj. 正式的 → adv. 正式地；形式上 → adj. 非正式的 6．rude adj. 粗鲁的 → adv. 粗鲁地；无礼地 → n. 粗鲁；无礼 7．uncommon adj. 罕见的；不寻常的 → adj. 常见的；普通的 → adv. 通常；常常 8．proper adj. 恰当的；正确的 → adv. 适当地；正确地 → adj.不合适的 9．serving adj. 分菜用的；n. 一份食物 → v. 服务；提供；端上（食物） → n. 服务；服务行业 10．surprising adj.出人意料的；令人吃惊的 → v.使吃惊 → 惊喜，吃惊 → adj.感到吃惊的 → adv.令人吃惊地 11．cultural adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 → n. 文化；文明 12．occasion n. 场合；重大活动 → adj. 偶尔的；偶然的 → adv. 偶尔；间或 13．nicely adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 → adj. 美好的；令人愉快的 → n. 美好；愉快 14．private adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 → adv. 私下地；秘密地 → n. 隐私；私密 15．married adj. 已婚的；婚姻的→ v. 结婚；娶；嫁 → n. 婚姻；婚姻生活 16．unsafe adj. 不安全的；危险的 → adj. 安全的（反义词） → adv. 安全地；平安地 → n. 安全；安全处所 17．marry v. 结婚；娶；嫁 → adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 → n. 婚姻；婚姻生活 18．congratulate v. 祝贺 → n. 祝贺；恭喜 19．tradition n. 传统 → adj. 传统的；惯例的 → traditionally adv. 传统上；习惯上 20．correctly adv. 正确地；得体地 → adj. 正确的；恰当的；v. 纠正；改正 → n. 纠正；改正 21．impression n. 印象 → v. 给……留下深刻印象 → adj. 令人印象深刻的→ adj. 印象深刻的 词汇语境练-句子 一、单项选择 1．It’s ________ to swim in the river alone, so we must stop him. A．unsafe B．safe C．safety D．safely 2．Don’t look so ________; it’s not a big deal. A．embarrass B．embarrassing C．embarrassed D．embarrasses 3．It is ________ to see him act this way. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising D．surprises 4．You should dress ________ for the occasion when going to a party. A．proper B．properly C．polite D．politely 5．The question was ________, and I felt ________ when I couldn’t answer it. A．confusing; confused B．confused; confusing C．confusing; confusing D．confused; confused 6．Ten years later, the two old friends met again and ________ excitedly. A．hugged B．waited C．counted D．pushed 7．People usually ________ hands when they meet for the first time in China. A．shake B．bump C．receive D．correct 8．—Jason, you should really mind your ________. It’s impolite to talk loudly in public. —Sorry, Mum. I’ll remember what you said. A．customs B．manners C．servings D．traditions 9．She decided to ________ him next year after dating (约会) for five years. A．marry B．marry with C．marry to D．married 10．My mother used to ________ with the mobile phone after dinner. But now she is used to ________ in the square for her health. A．play; dance B．play; dancing C．playing; dance D．playing; dancing 11．It’s necessary to use ________ language to avoid misunderstandings. A．correct B．false C．private D．main 12．This shop will close down soon __________ the owner can get some money to support it. A．if B．unless C．when D．though 二、根据汉语或首字母提示填空 1．In France, people usually ________ (亲吻) each other on the cheek when they meet. 2．Learning about different ________ (文化的) traditions can help us understand other countries better. 3．He prefers to keep his _________ (私人的) life separate from his work responsibilities. 4．Sophie’s ________ (主要的) hobby is drawing, and she spends an hour on it daily. 5．I often wear ________ (牛仔裤) when I go shopping with my friends. 6．The two old friends ________ (拥抱) each other tightly when they met again twenty years later. 7．We need to learn to use the computer and Internet in a p________ (恰当的) way. 8． I’m not going. Firstly I haven’t a ticket and s______ (其次) I don’t like the play. 9．She was excited to ________ (收到) a letter from the famous athlete she had always admired. 10．She c________  (祝贺) me warmly on my exam results. 11．The news he told us is ________ (错误的). You can’t believe it or you will make mistakes. 12．I asked him ________ (是否) he had done it all by himself or not. 12．We should use ________ ________ (公筷) when we have meals with others. 14．It’s important to have good ________ ________ (餐桌礼仪) in different countries. 15．She ________ ________ ________  (习惯于)getting up early every morning.  16．The two friends have different hobbies, but they still ________ ________(相处融洽) with each other. 17．A little kindness can ________ ________ ________ ________ (帮助很大) in making someone’s day better. 18．She was thrilled to ________ ________ (得到……消息) her old friend after so many years. 词汇语境练-语篇 一、用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空。 A 根据句意用方框中的单词或短语填空，每个只能用一次。 informal/improper/marry/received/main/false/traditions/jeans 1．Li Hua often shares different Chinese with Steve online. 2．It is OK to wear jeans for this party with friends. 3．One step will make a great difference. 4．The Great Wall millions of tourists from home and abroad last year. 5．This pair of is perfect for daily wear and can stand years of use. 6．You’d better put your bag on your knees. It’s to take up two seats on the bus. 7．—In some cultures, people at a very young age. —Yes, but in my country, most people wait until they’re older. 8．When you are reading a story, you can first look through the story to understand the idea. B 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。 special； kiss； correctly；respect； improper manner；cultural； greet； bump； unless Do you know how to make a good first impression on someone in other countries? Knowing their 1 of greeting is key. Here are some manners to greet people 2 . Firstly, in Western countries like the USA and the UK, people often shake hands on formal occasions. On informal occasions, friends may hug or 3 fists—a quick touch of fists. In European countries like France, 4 on the cheek is common, but the number of kisses varies; once in some places, twice or more in others. In Asian countries, bowing shows 5 . In Japan, people bow. The deeper the bow, the more polite it is. In China, shaking hands is popular, but bowing is still used on 6 occasions, like the Spring Festival. In some Middle Eastern countries, men may 7 with a handshake and a light kiss on the cheek. What if we don't know these customs? 8 we know the culture well, it’s safer to smile and wait for others to act first. Using an 9 greeting, like hugging in a formal or serious situation, can make others feel uncomfortable. Remember: Every country has its own way to say “hello”, but the goal is the same—to be polite and kind. Learning these greetings helps us understand the 10 differences and make the world colorful! It also helps us enjoy the experience of meeting a foreign friend. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 It is impossible to name all Chinese customs in one passage. Even so, in this passage we bring you several Chinese 1 (culture) customs and traditions that you should know. Here we go. It’s 2 (common) for Chinese to show their feelings openly, also avoiding any unnecessary body touch. The Chinese see it badly that people kiss each other 3 the face, even if they are women. In fact, it was not so acceptable to shake hands in the past. As the country gradually (逐渐地) lets western customs in, people are used to 4 (shake) hands to greet. At meals, some details should be known by both guests and hosts. In China, the older guests are always seated first, and then others can take their seats. Food 5 (manner) are also very important. You should never serve yourself a drink; it should be served by someone else. Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is so rude 6 you should avoid it. And to eat food, you must put your mouth close to your own bowl. But don’t be 7 (surprise) if people eat with their mouths open. This is normal in China. Many of you have already known it’s 8 (embarrass) to open gifts in public. But that’s not the only important thing to know when 9 (receive) gifts in China. For example, the Chinese will always refuse your gift up to three times 10 (show) they are well educated. But in the end, they are willing to accept it. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $