2026年中考英语语法专题 动词——动词和动词短语课件

考点一 实义动词 实义动词词义完整,能独立作谓语,可分为:及物动词和不及物动词。 (1)及物动词:后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整的实义动词。其结构为:主语+及物动词+宾语。如: Children and young people like bright colors. 孩子和年轻人喜欢鲜艳的颜色。 (2)不及物动词:本身意义完整,后面不用跟宾语的实义动词。其结构为:主语+不及物动词(+介词+宾语)。如: The examination ended at 11:30 a.m. 考试上午十一点半结束。 考向一 动词和动词短语 (3)特殊实义动词:既是及物动词又是不及物动词,如close, begin等。如: The post office closes at 8:00 p.m. 邮局晚上8点关门。 Close the door, please. 请关门。 考点追踪 选词填空。 1. [25 吉林改编] The earth is our home. Everyone should begin with small things to _ it. 2. [25 天津改编] When David sees these postcards, he will _ his wonderful travel experiences. 3. [25 江西改编] Mozart _ many pieces of beautiful music when he was young. That’s why he is so famous. remember, require, create, protect, accept protect remember created 4. Map-making is not easy. It _ courage, planning, patience, and the spirit of adventure. 5. As teenagers, we should _ changes bravely when facing new challenges. requires accept 考点二 系动词 系动词本身有词义,但不能单独作谓语,要与其后作表语的形容词、名词或介词(短语)一起构成系表结构,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份,这些词没有被动语态,也不用于进行时态。常用的系动词分类如下: 分 类 用 法 例 句 表示状态:be动词 (am, is, are, was, were) 主语+系动词+表语 I am a girl with short hair. 我是一个短头发女孩。 表示变化:become, get, go, grow, turn等 She becomes more beautiful than three years ago. 她变得比三年前更漂亮了。 续表 分 类 用 法 例 句 表示持续:keep, stay, remain等 主语+系动词+表语 He always keeps silent at the meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。 感官动词:look, feel, smell, sound, taste The trip sounds really exciting to me!这次旅行听起来真令人兴奋! 考点追踪 1. Li Hua and her classmates _ (be) good friends, and they often help each other. 2. Come here and have a look! The model rocket _ (look) amazing. 3. He _ (seem) unhappy because he lost his pen just now. 4. The boy’s face _ (turn) red when he talks to someone. 5. The mooncake _ (taste) a little bit salty with the egg and the meat inside. are looks seems turns tastes 考点三 动词短语 1. 同一动词型 take 短语 take up占据;take away带走,拿走;take off起飞,脱掉;take over接收,接管;take down拆除,记下;take out切除,摘除;take care of照顾;take part in参加 turn 短语 turn on打开;turn off关闭;turn up开大,调高;turn down调低,关小;turn in上交;turn out结果是 get 短语 get to到达;get back回来;get up起床,起来;get down下来;get over克服;get out出去;get on上车;get off下车;get away from远离; 续表 get 短语 get along with... 与……相处;get ready for... 为……做准备 put 短语 put up搭建,张贴;put away放好;put on穿上,上演;put off推迟,拖延;put down放下;put out熄灭;put up with容忍;put back放回原处 keep 短语 keep out留在外面;keep off使……不接近,回避;keep up with与……并驾齐驱,跟上;keep away from远离 续表 give 短语 give up放弃;give in屈服,让步;give away捐赠;give out散发,分发;give off发出(光、热等) look 短语 look at看;look into调查,观察;look for寻找;look over检查;look after照顾;look out注意,小心;look up查阅;look down俯视;look through浏览;look around环顾;look forward to盼望,期盼;look like看起来像 come 短语 come on加油,快点儿;come out出现,出版,(花)绽放;come over过来,顺便来访;come along出现,跟随;come true实现; 续表 come短语 come up with想出,提出;come across偶然遇见 go短语 go on继续;go back返回;go away走开,离开;go by (时间)流逝;go over仔细检查;go off发出响声 2. 同一介词/副词型 down 短语 break down损坏,发生故障; cut down砍倒;look down俯视;turn down调低,关小;put down放下;lie down躺下;take down拆除,记下;fall down摔倒 续表 for 短语 wait for等待;look for寻找;ask for请求;pay for为……付钱;care for关心,关怀;leave for动身去 out 短语 find out发现;look out注意,小心;hand out分发;take out取出,拿出;go out出去;bring out使显现; work out 计算出 up 短语 grow up长大;bring up提出,抚养;call up打电话;pick up捡起;give up放弃;fix up修理;cheer up使……高兴;look up查找,向上看;cut up切碎;clean up打扫 续表 at 短语 knock at敲;laugh at嘲笑,取笑;aim at瞄准,针对,致力于;shout at冲……大声喊叫;stare at凝视 off 短语 break off突然中止,中断;cut off切除;get off下车;go off发出响声;keep off让开,不接近;pay off偿清(欠款等);put off推迟,拖延;ring off挂断电话;run off跑掉;take off起飞,脱下 away 短语 get away逃离;put away储存,放好;right away立刻,马上;run away逃跑,跑掉;take away拿走;throw away扔掉;give away赠送,分发;walk away走开,离去 续表 on 短语 call on拜访;carry on继续下去,从事;come on赶快,跟着来;depend on依靠,依赖;focus on集中注意力于;hold on坚持,不挂断电话;live on以……为生;agree on就……达成协议 with 短语 agree with赞同;begin with以……开始;part with放弃,舍弃;play with玩,玩弄;connect with与……相连;deal with处理,应付;catch up with赶上,追上 in 短语 take in吸入,接纳;believe in信任;check in报到,登记;come in进来;hand in提交;join in加入;major in主修;take part in参加; 续表 in短语 take pride in对……感到自豪 about短语 talk about谈论;hear about听说;worry about担心;care about 关心;think about 考虑;learn about 学习,了解 after短语 go after 追求;run after 追赶;take after 和……相像,效仿;look after 照顾 3. 混合型 混合型短语主要在完形填空中考查,短语结构通常为“动词+介词/副词”,需根据上下文语境选出正确答案。 常见的混合型动词短语归纳总结如下: break out 爆发;think about 考虑;cut off 切断;pick up 捡起;worry about 担心;wait for 等待;give out 分发;think over 仔细考虑;work out 解决;hear from 收到……的来信;hear of 听说;set off 动身 完形填空。 Dilemmas (困境) are common in our daily life. However, what’s less common is the ability to solve it. At the beginning of a writing test, I got the paper and carefully 1 it with a little fear in my heart. Suddenly, I came across a key word, which I’d never seen before. My hands 2 for a moment and my ears were ringing. A part of me really wanted to run away from the classroom, but I knew I had no choice but to 3 the task. What a dilemma! I couldn’t give up because the writing test 4 a lot to me, and I had to take it seriously. I tried to calm myself down by taking a deep breath and 5 the meaning of the word from the text. Finally, I had an idea of what this word meant. How excited I 6 ! I quickly began to write. When the bell rang at the end of the test, I stood up calmly and 7 the classroom with pride. Half a month later, I got my results on the Internet. I 8 from the other competitors and got the first prize. Nothing is impossible. Solving dilemmas can be difficult, but if we 9 with positivity (积极性) and courage, they can be solved. The process of solving these dilemmas is like 10 a mountain. It might be difficult at first, but overcoming difficulties will take you to new heights. The view is really wonderful from the top. The feeling of joy makes us feel that every effort is worthwhile. ( )1. A. looked through B. looked after C. looked up D. looked for ( )2. A. stayed B. shook C. waited D. drew ( )3. A. understand B. carry C. give D. finish ( )4. A. learned B. meant C. helped D. did ( )5. A. write B. change C. guess D. explain ( )6. A. sounded B. felt C. touched D. smelt ( )7. A. went out of B. rushed into C. cleaned up D. set up ( )8. A. brought out B. stood out C. looked down D. fell down ( )9. A. think B. play C. act D. join ( )10. A. drawing B. watching C. finding D. climbing A B D B C B A B C D $