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2026陕西中考·英语
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专题二 动词
一、动词和动词短语
重点语法分点过
语法知识理重点
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2
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语法专题情境练
2026陕西中考 英语
2026陕西中考 英语
动词的分类及词义辨析(6年22考)
▶动词的分类
根据意义和在句子中的功能,动词可以分为以下四类:
1.实义动词
实义动词具有实际的意义,表示动作或状态,可在句中单独作谓语。
2026陕西中考 英语
(1)按句法功能分为:及物动词和不及物动词。其用法如下:
分类 用法
及物动词 及物动词本身意思不完整,需要接宾语才能使其意思表达完整,后接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,可用于被动语态,如:have, buy, invent等
不及物动词 不及物动词本身意思完整,无需接宾语,不能用于被动语态,可直接构成“主语+谓语”的句型,如:listen, arrive, rise等,若后面接宾语时,必须与介词连用
2026陕西中考 英语
(2)按动作发生过程的长短可分为:延续性动词和非延续性动词,其用法如下:
分类 用法
延续性
动词 也称持续性动词,表示能够延续的动作,如:study, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep等,可以与表示时间段的状语(for+时间段,since+时间点或since从句)连用
非延续性
动词 也称短暂性动词或瞬间性动词,表示动作一发生,就立即结束,如:begin, buy, close, come, die, fail, find, finish, go等,一般不能与表示时间段的状语连用
2026陕西中考 英语
2.系动词
系动词不能单独作谓语,必须与表语一起构成谓语。常见的系动词分类如下:
(1)be动词:am, is, are;
(2)感官动词:sound, look, taste, smell, feel等;
(3)表示状态变化的系动词:get, turn, go, become, grow等;
(4)表示保持状态的系动词:keep, stay, leave, remain等。
2026陕西中考 英语
3.助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,只能和别的动词一起构成谓语,表示时态、语态,帮助动词构成各种否定句和疑问句等结构,有人称和数的变化。常见的助动词有be(am, is, are);do(does, did);have(has, had);will(would)和shall(should)等。
4.情态动词
▶动词词义辨析[2025.21、34、38,2024.24、31、33、38、40,2023.24、33、34、37,2022.23、33、35,2021.22、36、39,2020.27、33、36、40]
2026陕西中考 英语
动词的基本形式(6年22考)
形式 构成 举例
原形 没有经过任何变形,就是动词本身的形态 visit[2025.63];
send[2024.62];
need[2024.65];
offer[2023.69];
live[2022.62];
achieve[2022.70];
talk[2021.62];
spread[2020.60];
go[2020.70]
2026陕西中考 英语
形式 构成 举例
第三
人称
单数 一般在动词原形后直接加-s seem→seems[2021.64];
hope→hopes;like→likes
以s,o,x,sh,ch结尾的动词后加-es do→does;catch→catches;miss→misses
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y变为i,再加-es study→studies;fly→flies;
carry→carries
不规则变化 特殊:be→is[2023.61,2022.61]/are(复数)[2020.69];
have[2025.65]→has[2020.63]
2026陕西中考 英语
形式 构成 举例
过去
式与
过去
分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ed play→played[2024.70]
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词后只加-d name→named[2025.64]
save→saved;
raise→raised;
encourage→encouraged
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,应将y变为i,再加-ed carry→carried;
study→studied;
try→tried
2026陕西中考 英语
形式 构成 举例
过去
式与
过去
分词 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped;
prefer→preferred;
drop→dropped;
beg→begged
不规则变化 be→was[2024.66];
get→got→got/gotten[2023.66];
meet→met[2022.66];
win→won[2021.69];
take→took→taken[2020.66];
give→gave→given;
teach→taught;tell→told
2026陕西中考 英语
形式 构成 举例
现在
分词 一般在动词原形后直接加-ing wait→waiting;
clean→cleaning;
try→trying
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去e再加-ing take→taking;
make→making;
give→giving;save→saving
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写此辅音字母再加-ing run→running;
sit→sitting;
swim→swimming;
drop→dropping
少数以ie结尾的动词,变ie为y,再加-ing die→dying;
tie→tying;
lie→lying
2026陕西中考 英语
pick tea leaves 采摘茶叶[2025.59]
worry about 担心……[2024.34]
take the bus 乘公交车[2024.59]
drink/have water 喝水[2023.58]
give up 放弃[2022.58]
look after 照料;照顾[2021.31]
eat up/finish off/finish up 吃完[2021.59]
cut down 砍倒[2020.31]
(更多动词短语见《晨读15分钟》P76)
动词短语(6年8考)
2026陕西中考 英语
Ⅰ. 完形填空基础题
1.His face _____ red because he couldn’t answer the teacher’s question.
A.got B.turned C.grew D.kept
2.We all know that light _____ faster in air than in water.
A.flies B.travels C.walks D.runs
3.This silk dress looks nice and the material _____ soft.
A.sounds B.tastes C.feels D.smells
B
B
C
2026陕西中考 英语
4.The children ______ happy and excited when they saw the gifts.
A.would B.were C.had D.found
5.As an English learner, ______ you ever had a conversation with foreigners?
A.are B.do C.have D.will
6.Now most young people like shopping online because it ______ them time.
A.saves B.wastes C.buys D.sells
7.To stay healthy, my father ______ smoking two years ago.
A.gave up B.got up C.held up D.stayed up
B
C
A
A
2026陕西中考 英语
Ⅱ. 短文填空基础题
make walk lie drop finish fly break go win try
1.My father has ______ to Shanghai on business and he will be back in two weeks.
2.My sister was __________ on her bed listening to music when I walked into the room.
3.Our school usually ___________ at 4∶00 p.m. and we have plenty of after-school activities.
4.David ______ many ways to make the paper plane fly. He succeeded in the end.
5.Leah often goes to the park and _______ kites with her friends in spring.
gone
lying
finishes
tried
flies
2026陕西中考 英语
6. Zhao Xintong _______ the World Snooker Championship and became the first Asian player to receive the award.
7.Football does not require words, but it can ________ down walls and bring people together on and off the field.
8.I _______ into our garden, where a big sign was hung in one of the trees.
9.I was _________ plans for the summer holiday when Mr.Wang called me last night.
10.Tom ________ me off at the post office and then I walked the rest of the way.
make walk lie drop finish fly break go win try
won
break
walked
making
dropped
2026陕西中考 英语
Ⅲ. 完成句子
1.[2025陕西59]我采摘了茶叶,也品尝了当地的很多美食。
I _____________________________________ there and enjoyed lots of local food.
2.[2024陕西59]如果你想乘坐公交车,地图小程序能告诉你选择哪一路车。
If you want to _____________, map apps can tell you which one to choose.
3.在当地政府的帮助下,我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。
With the help of the local government, great changes have ______________ in my hometown.
picked tea leaves/the leaves of tea
take the bus
taken place
2026陕西中考 英语
4. 虽然有时事情没有按照我们期望的方向发展,但我们不应该失去信心。
Although sometimes things don’t __________ the way we expect them to, we should not lose heart.
5. 人们停止在秦岭山区砍树,以此来保护金丝猴。
People stopped _____________ trees in the Qinling Mountains to protect golden monkeys.
work out
cutting down
$