阅读理解预测题第五组（考前预测）2026年高考英语阅读理解突破策略及押题

2026 高考英语阅读理解预测 第五组 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A Letter to New Campers Dear Future Camper, Welcome to the Sunrise International Summer Camp 2026! I’m writing to help you prepare for your 12-day adventure with us in Yangshuo, Guangxi. Before you pack your bags, please read the following carefully. What to bring: Comfortable hiking shoes (waterproof recommended) A reusable water bottle (plastic bottles are discouraged) Sunscreen and insect repellent (the camp provides basic first aid, but these are your responsibility) A flashlight or headlamp for evening activities Your passport or ID card (for international campers from outside China) What NOT to bring: Electronic devices (phones, tablets, game consoles will be collected on arrival and returned on the last day) Expensive jewelry or large amounts of cash Any snacks containing nuts (due to allergy concerns — we have three campers with severe nut allergies this year) Daily schedule (Monday–Friday): 07:30 – Wake-up & morning exercise (light stretching or jogging) 08:00 – Breakfast (buffet style) 09:00–12:00 – Activity block: rock climbing / river kayaking / Chinese bamboo raft making (rotates daily) 12:30 – Lunch 14:00–16:00 – Siesta/quiet time (no organized activities — rest or read) 16:30–18:00 – Cultural workshops: calligraphy, paper fan painting, or basic Mandarin phrases 18:30 – Dinner 20:00–21:30 – Evening campfire: storytelling, talent show, stargazing (weather permitting) Saturday field trip: All campers will visit the nearby Dragon Bridge, a 600-year-old stone arch bridge, followed by a short hike to Moon Hill. Return to camp by 17:00. Sunday free time: You may choose to relax, write letters, or join optional activities like badminton or swimming (no extra charge). No morning exercise. Check-in: August 5, 2026, between 14:00 and 17:00 at the camp entrance (Yangshuo Town, near Yulong River). Please do not arrive earlier — we need time to prepare your tents. I can’t wait to see you under the stars! Warmly, Li Mei Camp Director 1. What should campers bring according to the letter? A. A tablet for taking photos. B. A reusable water bottle. C. Snacks containing nuts. D. Extra cash for shopping. 2. What activity is scheduled for weekend mornings? A. Rock climbing. B. Morning exercise. C. Free time only on Sunday; Saturday has a field trip. D. Cultural workshops. 3. When are campers expected to arrive? A. Before 14:00 on August 5. B. Between 14:00 and 17:00 on August 5. C. On the morning of August 6. D. Any time on August 4. B The Recycled Orchestra of Cateura In a dusty landfill on the outskirts of Asunción, Paraguay, children grow up surrounded by mountains of trash. Their families survive by rummaging through garbage, selling recyclable plastics and metals. For most, the future seems already written. But in 2025, a video of a violin made from an oil can, a baking tray, and a piece of scrap wood reached over 50 million views on Chinese social media. The musician was a 17-year-old girl named Estela Gómez, and her instrument was crafted by her father, a landfill scavenger with no formal training. Estela’s story began ten years earlier, when a garbage picker named Don Carlos heard a radio program about a music school in a distant city. He had no money for instruments, but he had hands that knew how to bend metal and carve wood. “I thought, if they can make violins in factories, why can’t I make one from what we find here?” he told reporters in November 2025. It took him eight months and over 40 failed attempts before he produced his first playable violin — its body a flattened tin can, its neck a piece of discarded construction wood. Word spread among the landfill families. Soon, Don Carlos was building cellos from paint buckets, flutes from water pipes, and drums from empty chemical barrels. He taught neighborhood children to play by ear, since none could read sheet music. The group called themselves “The Recycled Orchestra.” By 2022, they were playing local concerts. By 2024, they had toured three South American countries. But it was the 2025 video — recorded on a smartphone by a visiting Chinese journalist — that brought them global attention. In the video, Estela plays a haunting melody while standing on a hill of garbage, her violin gleaming under the sun. “People see trash,” she says in the video. “We see music.” In February 2026, the orchestra was invited to perform at the United Nations Climate Change Conference. After the performance, Estela addressed the audience: “My violin is made from things the world threw away. Sometimes the world throws away people too. But we are not trash. We are music.” Today, the orchestra has inspired similar projects in landfills across India, Kenya, and Brazil. Don Carlos still works as a garbage picker, but now he also teaches instrument-making to anyone who asks — free of charge. “A violin should not cost a year’s salary,” he says. “It should cost nothing but imagination.” 4. What inspired Don Carlos to start making instruments? A. A concert he attended in the city. B. A radio program about a music school. C. A donation of real violins from a charity. D. A request from his daughter Estela. 5. How did the orchestra gain international recognition? A. They won a national music competition. B. A video filmed by a Chinese journalist went viral. C. They were invited to perform at the White House. D. Don Carlos published a book about his methods. 6. What does Estela mean by “the world throws away people too”? A. Landfill workers are often abandoned by their families. B. Society tends to overlook and undervalue poor communities. C. The orchestra members were all abandoned as children. D. Garbage pickers are forced to live outside the city. 7. Which of the following best describes Don Carlos’s attitude? A. Proud and commercial. B. Humble and generous. C. Bitter and resentful. D. Hopeless and resigned. C Why Your Brain Loves Nature (Even When You Don’t Realize It) In July 2025, a team of environmental psychologists at the University of British Columbia published a meta-analysis of 45 studies spanning 20 years, asking a simple question: does brief exposure to nature — even through a window or a photograph — produce measurable cognitive benefits? The answer, published in Environmental Psychology Review, was a definitive yes. But the mechanism, the researchers found, is more surprising than simply “feeling relaxed.” The studies consistently showed that as little as 10 minutes of viewing natural scenes (forests, oceans, meadows) led to significant improvements in working memory, impulse control, and sustained attention. Urban scenes — busy streets, parking lots, high-rise buildings — had either no effect or a slight negative effect. The benefit was observed even when participants were unaware of any change in their mood. “You don’t have to feel calm to get the cognitive boost,” said lead author Dr. Rachel Lin. “The effect seems to be automatic, almost below conscious awareness.” Why does nature have this effect? One leading theory, called Attention Restoration Theory (ART), proposes that natural environments engage what psychologists call “soft fascination” — a gentle, effortless form of attention that allows the brain’s directed attention systems to recover. In contrast, urban environments demand constant “hard fascination” — honking horns, flashing lights, moving crowds — which exhausts cognitive resources. A 2026 follow-up study using eye-tracking technology found that people viewing nature scenes made fewer and slower eye movements, indicating a state of relaxed, global processing. Urban scenes triggered rapid, frequent saccades — tiny jumps of the eyes — associated with alertness and vigilance. The practical implications are significant, especially for students and knowledge workers. A field study conducted in four Shanghai high schools in late 2025 found that classrooms with windows facing campus gardens produced students with measurably higher test scores in math and reading — even after controlling for socioeconomic factors. Another experiment asked office workers to take a 10-minute “nature break” — looking at a wall calendar with forest images — twice a day. After two weeks, they reported 27% less mental fatigue and made 18% fewer errors in a data-entry task. Critics point out that not everyone has access to nature. Urban deserts, windowless offices, and long northern winters make green views impossible for millions. The researchers acknowledge this limitation but note that even artificial nature — high-quality photos or virtual reality forests — produced about 60% of the benefit of real nature. “We’re not saying a picture is as good as a hike,” said Dr. Lin. “But if a hike is impossible, a photo on your desk is far better than nothing.” The findings have already influenced design. In early 2026, the Chinese Ministry of Education issued guidelines recommending that all new school buildings include windows facing green spaces, and that existing classrooms use nature posters near windows when real views are unavailable. As Dr. Lin put it: “Human brains evolved in natural environments. We may live in cities, but we have not adapted to them — not fully, not yet.” 8. What did the meta-analysis find about viewing natural scenes? A. It improves mood but has no effect on cognition. B. It improves memory and attention without conscious awareness. C. It only works when people feel relaxed beforehand. D. It requires at least 30 minutes to show any benefit. 9. What does the underlined word “saccades” in paragraph 3 most likely refer to? A. Slow, relaxed eye movements. B. Rapid, jerky eye movements. C. The ability to focus on one object. D. Eye closure during rest. 10. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. Nature breaks are only beneficial for students, not office workers. B. Real-world experiments confirmed cognitive benefits in schools and workplaces. C. Shanghai high schools have the highest test scores because of their gardens. D. Office workers prefer nature breaks to coffee breaks. 11. What is the author’s attitude toward using artificial nature (photos, VR) as a substitute? A. Strongly against it, calling it useless. B. Cautiously supportive, noting it is better than nothing. C. Enthusiastic, claiming it is equally effective. D. Completely neutral without any opinion. D The Attention Economy: Who Really Profits from Your Time? In September 2025, a former Google engineer named James Williams published a quiet but devastating critique of the technology industry’s business model. His argument, expanded in a Harvard lecture series in early 2026, is simple: the internet is no longer an information economy. It is an attention economy. And the deepest flaw of the attention economy is that it does not merely distract us — it systematically undermines our ability to choose what we value. Williams, who helped design early versions of Google’s recommendation algorithms, distinguishes between three levels of attention. First-level attention is simple focus — being able to concentrate on a task without interruption. Second-level attention is being able to stay with a task over weeks or months — what we call commitment. But third-level attention, he argues, is the most important and most threatened: the ability to decide, over a lifetime, what is worth paying attention to. Social media algorithms, designed to maximize engagement, constantly present us with the most immediately grabbing content — outrage, surprise, fear, desire — regardless of its long-term value to our lives. The evidence is troubling. A 2025 study from Stanford tracked 2,000 smartphone users over two years and found that the average person checked their phone 96 times per day — once every ten minutes. More disturbingly, participants reported that 47% of these checks were entirely spontaneous, triggered not by a notification but by an internal urge that they could not explain. “It’s not that people lack willpower,” said Williams. “The system is designed to bypass willpower entirely.” What is to be done? Williams rejects both technological optimism (new apps to fight old apps) and technological pessimism (smashing smartphones). Instead, he calls for structural changes: regulations that limit algorithmic amplification of low-quality content; “attention audits” that require companies to report how their designs affect user well-being; and, most radically, a shift from ad-supported models to subscription or public funding. “If a product is free, you are not the customer — you are the product,” he reminds us. Critics argue that such regulations would stifle innovation and destroy the free internet. But Williams counters that we have already lost something more valuable: the freedom to pay attention to what matters to us. In January 2026, the European Union announced it would hold hearings on “attention rights” — a concept that would treat sustained focus as a public good to be protected, like clean air or safe water. China has also begun exploring similar frameworks, with the Cyberspace Administration issuing a white paper in March 2026 calling for “healthy information consumption environments.” Williams’s final warning is stark: “We think we are choosing to scroll. But the choice was made for us long before we picked up the phone. The real question of the 21st century is not what we know, but what we are allowed to care about.” 12. What is James Williams’s main criticism of the attention economy? A. It makes people addicted to their phones. B. It undermines our ability to choose long-term values. C. It destroys the traditional advertising industry. D. It benefits only Google and other tech giants. 13. What does the 2025 Stanford study reveal about phone-checking behavior? A. Most checks are triggered by notifications. B. Nearly half of checks happen without a clear external trigger. C. People check their phones more than 200 times per day. D. Willpower is the main factor controlling phone use. 14. What solution does Williams propose for the attention economy problem? A. Banning all social media platforms. B. Encouraging users to practice more self-control. C. Structural changes including regulation and alternative business models. D. Creating new apps that block distracting content. 15. What can be inferred about the future of “attention rights”? A. Only China is considering such policies. B. Both the EU and China have begun exploring related frameworks. C. The concept has been rejected by all governments. D. It will replace privacy laws in the next decade. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026 高考英语阅读理解预测 第五组 一、选材特点 A篇（A Letter to New Campers）：夏令营欢迎信，书信体应用文，信息细腻（带什么、不带什么、每日安排、周末活动），比传统海报更生动。 B篇（The Recycled Orchestra of Cateura）：垃圾填埋场回收乐团的故事，已有原型（巴拉圭真实乐团），传递“垃圾变音乐”的环保与希望。跨文化正能 C篇（Why Your Brain Loves Nature）：自然对认知的益处，基于元分析和眼动实验，科普文。融入中国教育部指南，有本土化内容。 D篇（The Attention Economy）：前谷歌工程师对注意力经济的批判，提出“attention rights”概念。涉及欧盟和中国政策动向，时效性强。 二、命题特点 A篇第1题应带物品（细节），第2题周末上午安排（注意区分周六周日），第3题到达时间（细节）。首题考“带什么”需区分“带”和“不带”。 B篇第4题灵感来源（收音机节目），第5题国际认可原因（中国记者视频），第6题划线句含义（社会忽视贫困），第7题Don Carlos态度（谦逊慷慨）。 C篇第8题元分析发现（无意识认知提升），第9题saccades（快速眼动），第10题第4段主旨（实地实验证实），第11题作者对人工自然态度（谨慎支持）。 D篇第12题主要批评（B），第13题斯坦福研究发现（B），第14题Williams解决方案（C结构变革），第15题推断“attention rights”前景（B欧盟和中国都在探索）。 三、解题策略 A篇：周末安排要分别看周六（field trip）和周日（free time, no morning exercise），不能混为一谈。 B篇：第6题划线句是比喻，不要字面理解（不是真的把人扔掉），要结合上下文推断寓意。 C篇：第11题作者态度看“acknowledge... but note that... far better than nothing”，有保留的支持。 D篇：第15题推断要找到两处信息：欧盟听证会 + 中国白皮书。 第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A A Letter to New Campers Dear Future Camper, Welcome to the Sunrise International Summer Camp 2026! I’m writing to help you prepare for your 12-day adventure with us in Yangshuo, Guangxi. Before you pack your bags, please read the following carefully. What to bring: Comfortable hiking shoes (waterproof recommended) A reusable water bottle (plastic bottles are discouraged) Sunscreen and insect repellent (the camp provides basic first aid, but these are your responsibility) A flashlight or headlamp for evening activities Your passport or ID card (for international campers from outside China) What NOT to bring: Electronic devices (phones, tablets, game consoles will be collected on arrival and returned on the last day) Expensive jewelry or large amounts of cash Any snacks containing nuts (due to allergy concerns — we have three campers with severe nut allergies this year) Daily schedule (Monday–Friday): 07:30 – Wake-up & morning exercise (light stretching or jogging) 08:00 – Breakfast (buffet style) 09:00–12:00 – Activity block: rock climbing / river kayaking / Chinese bamboo raft making (rotates daily) 12:30 – Lunch 14:00–16:00 – Siesta/quiet time (no organized activities — rest or read) 16:30–18:00 – Cultural workshops: calligraphy, paper fan painting, or basic Mandarin phrases 18:30 – Dinner 20:00–21:30 – Evening campfire: storytelling, talent show, stargazing (weather permitting) Saturday field trip: All campers will visit the nearby Dragon Bridge, a 600-year-old stone arch bridge, followed by a short hike to Moon Hill. Return to camp by 17:00. Sunday free time: You may choose to relax, write letters, or join optional activities like badminton or swimming (no extra charge). No morning exercise. Check-in: August 5, 2026, between 14:00 and 17:00 at the camp entrance (Yangshuo Town, near Yulong River). Please do not arrive earlier — we need time to prepare your tents. I can’t wait to see you under the stars! Warmly, Li Mei Camp Director 1. What should campers bring according to the letter? A. A tablet for taking photos. B. A reusable water bottle. C. Snacks containing nuts. D. Extra cash for shopping. 2. What activity is scheduled for weekend mornings? A. Rock climbing. B. Morning exercise. C. Free time only on Sunday; Saturday has a field trip. D. Cultural workshops. 3. When are campers expected to arrive? A. Before 14:00 on August 5. B. Between 14:00 and 17:00 on August 5. C. On the morning of August 6. D. Any time on August 4. 答案解析： 1. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。信中“What to bring”明确列出“A reusable water bottle”，B项正确。A项平板电脑在“What NOT to bring”中，C项坚果零食也禁止，D项大量现金不建议携带。 2. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。周末安排：周六全天field trip，周日free time且“No morning exercise”，因此周末上午只有周日自由活动，周六有外出活动，C项正确。A项攀岩在周中上午，B项晨练只在周一至周五，D项文化工作坊在下午16:30-18:00。 3. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。Check-in信息“August 5, 2026, between 14:00 and 17:00 at the camp entrance”，B项正确。A项14:00之前（不要早到）、C项8月6日上午、D项8月4日任何时间均错误。 B The Recycled Orchestra of Cateura In a dusty landfill on the outskirts of Asunción, Paraguay, children grow up surrounded by mountains of trash. Their families survive by rummaging through garbage, selling recyclable plastics and metals. For most, the future seems already written. But in 2025, a video of a violin made from an oil can, a baking tray, and a piece of scrap wood reached over 50 million views on Chinese social media. The musician was a 17-year-old girl named Estela Gómez, and her instrument was crafted by her father, a landfill scavenger with no formal training. Estela’s story began ten years earlier, when a garbage picker named Don Carlos heard a radio program about a music school in a distant city. He had no money for instruments, but he had hands that knew how to bend metal and carve wood. “I thought, if they can make violins in factories, why can’t I make one from what we find here?” he told reporters in November 2025. It took him eight months and over 40 failed attempts before he produced his first playable violin — its body a flattened tin can, its neck a piece of discarded construction wood. Word spread among the landfill families. Soon, Don Carlos was building cellos from paint buckets, flutes from water pipes, and drums from empty chemical barrels. He taught neighborhood children to play by ear, since none could read sheet music. The group called themselves “The Recycled Orchestra.” By 2022, they were playing local concerts. By 2024, they had toured three South American countries. But it was the 2025 video — recorded on a smartphone by a visiting Chinese journalist — that brought them global attention. In the video, Estela plays a haunting melody while standing on a hill of garbage, her violin gleaming under the sun. “People see trash,” she says in the video. “We see music.” In February 2026, the orchestra was invited to perform at the United Nations Climate Change Conference. After the performance, Estela addressed the audience: “My violin is made from things the world threw away. Sometimes the world throws away people too. But we are not trash. We are music.” Today, the orchestra has inspired similar projects in landfills across India, Kenya, and Brazil. Don Carlos still works as a garbage picker, but now he also teaches instrument-making to anyone who asks — free of charge. “A violin should not cost a year’s salary,” he says. “It should cost nothing but imagination.” 4. What inspired Don Carlos to start making instruments? A. A concert he attended in the city. B. A radio program about a music school. C. A donation of real violins from a charity. D. A request from his daughter Estela. 5. How did the orchestra gain international recognition? A. They won a national music competition. B. A video filmed by a Chinese journalist went viral. C. They were invited to perform at the White House. D. Don Carlos published a book about his methods. 6. What does Estela mean by “the world throws away people too”? A. Landfill workers are often abandoned by their families. B. Society tends to overlook and undervalue poor communities. C. The orchestra members were all abandoned as children. D. Garbage pickers are forced to live outside the city. 7. Which of the following best describes Don Carlos’s attitude? A. Proud and commercial. B. Humble and generous. C. Bitter and resentful. D. Hopeless and resigned. 答案解析： 4. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第二段“Don Carlos heard a radio program about a music school in a distant city... I thought, if they can make violins in factories, why can’t I make one from what we find here?”收音机节目激发了他，B项正确。A项音乐会、C项慈善捐赠、D项女儿请求均不对。 5. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第四段“it was the 2025 video — recorded on a smartphone by a visiting Chinese journalist — that brought them global attention”，B项正确。A项赢得比赛、C项受邀白宫、D项出书均未提及。 6. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。Estela说“Sometimes the world throws away people too”，结合上下文她和父亲来自垃圾填埋场的贫困社区，这句话意指社会忽视和低估贫困人群，B项正确。A项家人抛弃、C项乐队成员都是弃儿、D项垃圾拾荒者被迫住在城外均过度或错误解读。 7. 答案：B 解析：人物态度题。Don Carlos至今仍做垃圾拾荒者，免费教人做乐器，说“A violin should not cost a year's salary. It should cost nothing but imagination.”态度谦逊、慷慨，B项正确。A项骄傲商业化、C项痛苦怨恨、D项绝望认命均不符合。 C Why Your Brain Loves Nature (Even When You Don’t Realize It) In July 2025, a team of environmental psychologists at the University of British Columbia published a meta-analysis of 45 studies spanning 20 years, asking a simple question: does brief exposure to nature — even through a window or a photograph — produce measurable cognitive benefits? The answer, published in Environmental Psychology Review, was a definitive yes. But the mechanism, the researchers found, is more surprising than simply “feeling relaxed.” The studies consistently showed that as little as 10 minutes of viewing natural scenes (forests, oceans, meadows) led to significant improvements in working memory, impulse control, and sustained attention. Urban scenes — busy streets, parking lots, high-rise buildings — had either no effect or a slight negative effect. The benefit was observed even when participants were unaware of any change in their mood. “You don’t have to feel calm to get the cognitive boost,” said lead author Dr. Rachel Lin. “The effect seems to be automatic, almost below conscious awareness.” Why does nature have this effect? One leading theory, called Attention Restoration Theory (ART), proposes that natural environments engage what psychologists call “soft fascination” — a gentle, effortless form of attention that allows the brain’s directed attention systems to recover. In contrast, urban environments demand constant “hard fascination” — honking horns, flashing lights, moving crowds — which exhausts cognitive resources. A 2026 follow-up study using eye-tracking technology found that people viewing nature scenes made fewer and slower eye movements, indicating a state of relaxed, global processing. Urban scenes triggered rapid, frequent saccades — tiny jumps of the eyes — associated with alertness and vigilance. The practical implications are significant, especially for students and knowledge workers. A field study conducted in four Shanghai high schools in late 2025 found that classrooms with windows facing campus gardens produced students with measurably higher test scores in math and reading — even after controlling for socioeconomic factors. Another experiment asked office workers to take a 10-minute “nature break” — looking at a wall calendar with forest images — twice a day. After two weeks, they reported 27% less mental fatigue and made 18% fewer errors in a data-entry task. Critics point out that not everyone has access to nature. Urban deserts, windowless offices, and long northern winters make green views impossible for millions. The researchers acknowledge this limitation but note that even artificial nature — high-quality photos or virtual reality forests — produced about 60% of the benefit of real nature. “We’re not saying a picture is as good as a hike,” said Dr. Lin. “But if a hike is impossible, a photo on your desk is far better than nothing.” The findings have already influenced design. In early 2026, the Chinese Ministry of Education issued guidelines recommending that all new school buildings include windows facing green spaces, and that existing classrooms use nature posters near windows when real views are unavailable. As Dr. Lin put it: “Human brains evolved in natural environments. We may live in cities, but we have not adapted to them — not fully, not yet.” 8. What did the meta-analysis find about viewing natural scenes? A. It improves mood but has no effect on cognition. B. It improves memory and attention without conscious awareness. C. It only works when people feel relaxed beforehand. D. It requires at least 30 minutes to show any benefit. 9. What does the underlined word “saccades” in paragraph 3 most likely refer to? A. Slow, relaxed eye movements. B. Rapid, jerky eye movements. C. The ability to focus on one object. D. Eye closure during rest. 10. What is the main idea of paragraph 4? A. Nature breaks are only beneficial for students, not office workers. B. Real-world experiments confirmed cognitive benefits in schools and workplaces. C. Shanghai high schools have the highest test scores because of their gardens. D. Office workers prefer nature breaks to coffee breaks. 11. What is the author’s attitude toward using artificial nature (photos, VR) as a substitute? A. Strongly against it, calling it useless. B. Cautiously supportive, noting it is better than nothing. C. Enthusiastic, claiming it is equally effective. D. Completely neutral without any opinion. 答案解析： 8. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第一段研究结论“viewing natural scenes... led to significant improvements in working memory, impulse control, and sustained attention”，且第二段“the effect seems to be automatic, almost below conscious awareness”，B项正确。A项改善情绪但不影响认知（错，有认知益处）、C项只在放松时有效、D项至少30分钟（只需10分钟）均错误。 9. 答案：B 解析：词义猜测题。第三段定义saccades为“tiny jumps of the eyes”，且与relaxed eye movements相对，意为快速、跳跃的眼动，B项正确。A项缓慢放松、C项聚焦能力、D项闭眼休息均不对。 10. 答案：B 解析：段落主旨题。第四段通过上海高中教室窗户面向花园的实验和办公室职员看自然图片的实验，证实自然对认知的实际益处，B项正确。A项只对学生有益（办公室也有益）、C项上海高中因花园得分最高（太绝对）、D项办公室职员更喜欢自然休息而不是咖啡休息（未比较）。 11. 答案：B 解析：作者态度题。第五段研究者承认人工自然只有60%的效果，但“a photo on your desk is far better than nothing”，态度为谨慎支持，B项正确。A项强烈反对、C项热情认为同等有效、D项完全中立均不对。 D The Attention Economy: Who Really Profits from Your Time? In September 2025, a former Google engineer named James Williams published a quiet but devastating critique of the technology industry’s business model. His argument, expanded in a Harvard lecture series in early 2026, is simple: the internet is no longer an information economy. It is an attention economy. And the deepest flaw of the attention economy is that it does not merely distract us — it systematically undermines our ability to choose what we value. Williams, who helped design early versions of Google’s recommendation algorithms, distinguishes between three levels of attention. First-level attention is simple focus — being able to concentrate on a task without interruption. Second-level attention is being able to stay with a task over weeks or months — what we call commitment. But third-level attention, he argues, is the most important and most threatened: the ability to decide, over a lifetime, what is worth paying attention to. Social media algorithms, designed to maximize engagement, constantly present us with the most immediately grabbing content — outrage, surprise, fear, desire — regardless of its long-term value to our lives. The evidence is troubling. A 2025 study from Stanford tracked 2,000 smartphone users over two years and found that the average person checked their phone 96 times per day — once every ten minutes. More disturbingly, participants reported that 47% of these checks were entirely spontaneous, triggered not by a notification but by an internal urge that they could not explain. “It’s not that people lack willpower,” said Williams. “The system is designed to bypass willpower entirely.” What is to be done? Williams rejects both technological optimism (new apps to fight old apps) and technological pessimism (smashing smartphones). Instead, he calls for structural changes: regulations that limit algorithmic amplification of low-quality content; “attention audits” that require companies to report how their designs affect user well-being; and, most radically, a shift from ad-supported models to subscription or public funding. “If a product is free, you are not the customer — you are the product,” he reminds us. Critics argue that such regulations would stifle innovation and destroy the free internet. But Williams counters that we have already lost something more valuable: the freedom to pay attention to what matters to us. In January 2026, the European Union announced it would hold hearings on “attention rights” — a concept that would treat sustained focus as a public good to be protected, like clean air or safe water. China has also begun exploring similar frameworks, with the Cyberspace Administration issuing a white paper in March 2026 calling for “healthy information consumption environments.” Williams’s final warning is stark: “We think we are choosing to scroll. But the choice was made for us long before we picked up the phone. The real question of the 21st century is not what we know, but what we are allowed to care about.” 12. What is James Williams’s main criticism of the attention economy? A. It makes people addicted to their phones. B. It undermines our ability to choose long-term values. C. It destroys the traditional advertising industry. D. It benefits only Google and other tech giants. 13. What does the 2025 Stanford study reveal about phone-checking behavior? A. Most checks are triggered by notifications. B. Nearly half of checks happen without a clear external trigger. C. People check their phones more than 200 times per day. D. Willpower is the main factor controlling phone use. 14. What solution does Williams propose for the attention economy problem? A. Banning all social media platforms. B. Encouraging users to practice more self-control. C. Structural changes including regulation and alternative business models. D. Creating new apps that block distracting content. 15. What can be inferred about the future of “attention rights”? A. Only China is considering such policies. B. Both the EU and China have begun exploring related frameworks. C. The concept has been rejected by all governments. D. It will replace privacy laws in the next decade. 答案解析： 12. 答案：B 解析：主旨大意题。第一段核心论点“the deepest flaw... is that it systematically undermines our ability to choose what we value”，B项正确。A项让人上瘾（是表现不是深层批判）、C项摧毁传统广告业、D项只惠及谷歌等科技巨头均不准确。 13. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。第三段“47% of these checks were entirely spontaneous, triggered not by a notification but by an internal urge”，B项正确。A项大多数由通知触发（只有53%）、C项每天200次以上（96次）、D项意志力是主要因素（Williams说系统绕过意志力）。 14. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。第四段“Williams rejects... Instead, he calls for structural changes: regulations... attention audits... shift from ad-supported models”，C项正确。A项禁止社交平台、B项鼓励自控、D项开发屏蔽应用的新应用均被他拒绝。 15. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。末段欧盟宣布举行“attention rights”听证会，中国网信办发布白皮书呼吁“healthy information consumption environments”，两者都在探索，B项正确。A项只有中国、C项被所有政府拒绝、D项将取代隐私法均无法推断。 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $