UNIT 4 Natural Disasters学习检测-【无敌原创】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册单元测试卷

英语 UNIT 4 学习检测 (测试时间：60分钟 满分：100分) 一、 选词填空 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。（共7小题，每小题2分，满分14分） pick out knock about in the open air light up in ruins clean up pick up 1.Her face with pleasure when she heard the news. 2.These are the ones that from hundreds of applicants so far. 3.Let me the broken glass before someone walks on it. 4.If that man his wife any more,he'll be sent to prison. 5.Years of fighting have left the area 6.Air-Sea Rescue the drowning airman after receiving an SOS message 7.We sleep out under the stars and eat out meals 二、 语法专练用适当的关系代词或关系副词将句子补充完整。（共7小题，每小题2分，满 安 分14分) 8.Among the many dangers sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog 9.I don't like the way you speak to her. 冠 10.Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of has been proved. 如 11.Do you know the reason he explained to his teacher for his mistakes? in 12.It was in the library was built with stones by the workers that he spent his Sunday afternoon. 部 13.Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can't be the only preparation for all of 柄 the situations appear in the working world. 14.Bob got a job in a firm most famous product is chocolate. 盟 三、阅读理解（共11小题，每小题2分，满分22分) 第一节阅读短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出最佳选项。 姿 A Recently,a woman who lives in a small apartment in San Francisco asked me a question.She wanted to know how to prepare for a big earthquake.In fact,it's quite necessary for people in San Francisco to do that.Since she lives in an apartment,she cannot store water in a backyard or place a rain collection system.Here is my answer to her. 丝 Firstly,you should store water and food.Storing water is actually very easy.A gallon per day is enough for you to drink.You can buy one of those 5-gallon spring water containers and put it in the kitchen..Check the expiration date(截l日期)，and get some new water when needed..Food isn't that hard,either.Get a few cans of soup,some canned fruit,and canned chickpeas or beans.Make sure they all can be eaten without heating.This will cost less than $20 and take up very little space in your kitchen..Throw a cheap can--opener in there while you're at it,tape(用胶带粘贴)it to the can,and forget about that one,too. Secondly,first aid is going to let you stay out of limited medical facilities ()allowing you to avoid getting truly injured.In a big disaster,you'll probably get hurt.Being able to clean and protect a skin wound is important.The Red Cross first-aid kit is cheap ($16)and small,and contains what you need. Finally,information is almost as important as the other two.You really want a small radio to know what is going on around you.There are going to be shelters,first-aid facilities,and safe and unsafe areas.You need a radio to know where they are.The National Guard will be somewhere helping out,and you need to learn where.The network will probably be down,so you can't count on that. Therefore,you just need $60 and about 30 minutes of shopping,and then you can survive for 3 days without any help. 15.What was the woman's problem? A.She was afraid of big earthquakes B.She didn't have a backyard to store her things. C.She didn't know how to prepare for a big earthquake. D.She didn't know how to set up a rain collection system. 16.The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means the woman should A.buy another can-opener B.just leave the can-opener there C.forget everything she has done D.tape the can-opener to the can 17.What does the author think of preparing a first-aid kit? A.It's not an easy thing to do. B.It can't be used to save a life C.It's important in an earthquake. D.It's too limited for people in a disaster. B Parts of Africa are covered by a dark cloud.But this is no rain cloud.It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts that are travelling across the continent eating everything in their path. And now in the battle to stop this disaster,a radio station in Senegal,West Africa,is offering listeners 50 kilograms of locusts."We think this idea will get more people to take part in the war on the locusts,said Abdoulaye Ba,from Sud-Fm,a radio station in one of Senegal's worst affected area. This is West Africa's biggest locust disaster in 15 years,and it is moving east,causing huge damage to crops.As they move they produce young and increase their number and will soon threaten Sudan in the northeast of Africa.Some say it could reach Asia. Experts say the harmful effect on crops in areas already suffering from food shortage and war could cast many people to go hungry.Governments in the areas are not well equipped to fight the pest. Although leaders of 12 countries have agreed on a plan,it is not expected to be enough."We are now treating 6,000 hectares per day with pesticide ()but we need to treat 20,000 hectares per day in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster,said Mohamed Adballahi Ould Babah, director of locust control in Mauritania.Requests are being made for international aid,which is the only way to limit the disaster,the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization warned. 18.By using "dark cloud"to describe locusts in the first paragraph,the author mainly meant to A.show the size,speed and damage of the mass of locusts B.suggest the high speed that locusts travel at C.warn that locusts would sweep the continent severely D.hint that they look like dark monster 19.The story is mainly about A.West Africa's united effort in fighting a disaster B.the difficulty in controlling locusts C.the great damage locusts caused to West Africa D.a struggle to fight against a disaster brought by locusts in West Africa 20.According to the text we learn that the locust disaster A.can be even more serious in Asia B.is then out of control C.has affected greatly most areas D.cannot be stopped with twice as much pesticide 第二节根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为 多余选项。 Earthquakes can strike without warning.But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips. 9 If you're inside a building,stay there!One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. 21 Drop to the ground.Get under an object that is not easily damaged.Hold on to it until the shaking stops.You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your hand.If you're in bed when the quake hits,stay there and protect your head with a pillow. 22 Don't take shelter under a tree,streetlights,electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving,stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses,buildings,bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you. 23 If you are trapped in ruins,cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing.Use your cell phone to call for help if possible.Don't shout.24 Tap on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you. Be prepared for aftershocks.25 However,sometimes they even happen months later.Therefore,if you are not in a safe position after the first shock,you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place. A.Don't move about or kick up dust. B.If you're outside,go to an open space. C.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust. D.Don't park your car under a tree or any tall object. E.Take a good hold of your cell phone in the building. F.They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake. G.Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. 四、完形填空阅读短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白 处的最佳选项。（共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) If you like to take a walk in the woods in the United States or you prefer to decorate a tree at Christmas,you should know that climate change is making both of those activities a lot more 26. Looking at two 27 and economically important species-the Douglas fir and the Ponderosa pine- scientists found that fires and drought 28 by climate change make new growth difficult,especially in low-elevation forests,according to a study published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. "Some forests in four regions in California,Colorado,the Northern Rockies and the southwestern part of the United States have crossed a (n)29 climate tipping (point for post-fire tree generation,"the study says. Climate conditions over the past 20 years have 30 changes that would have taken decades or even centuries to 31 across broad regions of the country.This is leading to the sudden 32 of trees and making these lands increasingly unsuitable for tree regeneration. "Climate changes is 33 our forests now,not just in some distant future.Maybe in areas where there are really 34 seed sources,there could be some trees,but it is becoming really hard to get these trees back due to climate change,said study co-author Kim Davis. The problem probably won't get any better,as climate change is making intense wildfires much more 35 Western foresters say there used to be a fire season.But devastating and 36 fires have become a reality all year long.In 2018,fire cost California more than $9.05 billion,according to the USA insurance commissioner,the deadliest and most destructive wildfires season in the 37 history. "A higher number of fires and low seed availability means a high probability that these trees in these regions won't come back,"Davis said."This study 38 on the driest and hottest areas of the Western forests,but researchers will next try to focus on how much will be impacted." "39,there are some things people can do to ease some of this problem.Forest management plans that reduce high-severity burns can help.Increasingly,forest managers are considering allowing some fires to burn under more moderate conditions,Davis said,Forest 40 10 无敌原创·单元测试卷英语·必修第一册 26.A.convenient B.difficult C.encouraging D.frustrating 27.A.ecologically B.apparently C.physically D.financially 28.A.destroyed B.worsened C.extended D.established 29.A.necessary B.enormous C.critical D.invisible 30.A.accelerated B.delayed C.eliminated D.strengthened 31.A.transform B.spread C.preserve D.escape 32.A.extinction B.decline C.tragedy D.increase 33.A.sustaining B.abandoning C.facilitating D.endangering 34.A.sufficient B.limited C.moderate D.approximate 35.A.occasional B.common C.essential D.temporary 36.A.astonishing B.hopeless C.costly D.irreversible 37.A.world B.state C.human D.forest 38.A.concentrated B.depended C.insisted D.commented 39.A.As a result B.For example C.In fact D.What's more 40.A.savers B.managers C.researchers D.advocates 五、语篇填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分) Earlier 2019,the International Center for Integrated Mountain Development published 41 most comprehensive analysis up to now of how climate change will affect the glaciers of the world 42 (wam)that about 1,800 glaciers (will disappear by 2100. This is a bad 43 (predict)for some 1.9 billion South Asians,44 use water from the glaciers not only for drinking but also for agriculture,hydroelectric power,and tourism.But the 諾 survey also looked at an immediate question:As the glaciers 45 rapid)melt,where will all the 的 water-more than a quadrillion gallons of it,almost the amount 46 contain)in Lake Huron-go? 些 The answer is that the Himalaya,for example,long defined by 47 (it)glaciers,is becoming a mountain range defined by lake.In fact,another study found that from 1990 to 2010,more 1 than 900 new glaciers-fed lakes 48 form)across Asia's high mountain ranges.Because of those remote locations scientists must rely 49 satellites to count them,and new lakes appear to be growing so quickly that it's difficult for scientific teams to agree on the precise number.Its all happening much 50 fast)than we expected it to even five or ten years ago. 六、书面表达（满分20分） 假定你是李华，你校英语报社将举办主题为自然灾害的征文活动。请你给英国朋友Alic写 封邮件，邀请她参加。 内容包括：1.说明缘由； 2.请她介绍美国的自然灾害并谈谈影响、应对措施等； 3.告知征文的截稿日期。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计人总词数。 Dear Alice, 00101101111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 Yours, Li Hua五、 [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，英国每年要花费近300万 英傍来移除耳朵和鼻子里的异物，其中儿童占绝大多数。文 章主要介绍了儿童耳朵和鼻子进入异物的具体情况和原因。 [试题解析] 41.the考查冠词的用法。句意：儿童占绝大多数95% 的物体来自鼻子，85%来自耳朵。结合句意表示“绝大多数” 短语为the vast majority of,故填the。 42.occurred考查谓语动词的用法。句意：在2010年至 2019年期间，平均每年有1,218例鼻子异物移除手术和2， 479例耳朵异物移除手术。根据后文“between2010and 2019”可知描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填 occurred. 43.and考查连词的用法。句意：据统计，1到4岁的儿童 主要是因鼻子里有异物而最需要医生的帮助，5到9岁的儿 童则是因耳朵里有异物而来医院的次数最多。此处“children aged one to four were the most likely to need help from doctors for a foreign object in their nose”与“five to nine year olds came to the hospital with something in their ear the most'”为并列关系， 应用连词and,故填and。 44.coming考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：接下来是纸和 塑料玩具。分析句子结构可知come在句中应用非谓语动词 形式，与逻辑主语items构成主动关系，应用现在分词做状语， 故填cominge 45.curiosity考查名词的用法。句意：根据这项研究，儿 童遇到异物的意外通常归因于好奇心。空处做宾语，表示 “好奇心”应用名词curiosity,表抽象概念，不可数，故填 curiosity 46.to explore考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：孩子们有 种想要探索自己的鼻子和耳朵冲动。结合句意表示“有做某 事的冲动”短语为have an impulse to do sth,故填to explore 47.of考查介词的用法。句意：这就导致了异物的意外 进入。名词“entry'”与“foreign objects'”构成所属关系， 应用介词of构成无生命名词所有格，故填of。 48.unbelievable考查形容词的用法。句意：任何耳鼻喉外 科医生都有许多关于在儿童和成人的鼻子和耳朵中发现奇妙 物体的令人难以置信的故事。修饰后文名词stories,应用形 容词unbelievable,做定语，故填unbelievable 49.detected考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：任何耳鼻喉外 科医生都有许多关于在儿童和成人的鼻子和耳朵中发现奇妙 物体的令人难以置信的故事。分析句子结构可知detect在句中 应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语objects构成被动关系，应 用过去分词做定语，故填detected.。 50.warnings考查名词的用法。句意：这就是为什么许多 玩具都有关于小零件的警告。空处做宾语，表示“警告”应 用名词warning,且warning为可数名词，结合上文“many toys”可知数量大于一应用复数，故填warnings。 42 无敌原创·单元测试卷英语·必修第一册 [学法指导] 语篇填空要求根据句意，结合词性、时态、语态、短语、句 型和主谓一致，用所给单词的正确形式填空。 六、 参考例文： Dear My Readers, Fitness is far more important than anything else.How can we keep healthy?Here are some suggestions for you. Firstly,we should keep a balanced diet,which is good for our health.We should try to cut out foods containing lots of sugar and fat.What's more,we have to quit those bad habits that damage our health.Last but not least,we should work out every day to reduce stress.Even if we are busy,we should try to do some exercise to strengthen our body,such as jogging and cycling If you follow the advice given above,you will lead a healthy life. Yours sincerely, Mr Helper UNIT4学习检测 L.lit up根据句意，此处应用过去时，故填lit up。 2.have been picked out句意为“到目前为止，这些都是从 数百名申请者中挑选出来的。”。 3.clean up句意为“在有人踩到这些碎玻璃之前，让我把 它们清理干净吧。”。此处需要动词或动词短语，故填dean upo 4.knocks about句意为“如果他再打他妻子，就将被送进监 狱。”。此处应使用一般现在时，故填knocks about。 5.in ruins句意为“经年的战事已经使得这个地区满目疮 痍。”，故填in ruins。 6.picked up句意为“天海营救在收到急救消息后打捞起溺 水的飞行员。”。 7.in the open air句意为“我们露宿在星空下，在户外用餐。”， 故填in the open airo 8.which/hat考查定语从句。句意：在水手不得不面对的许 多危险中，可能最大的是雾。由句子意思可分析出，sailors have to face做定语，修饰先行词the many dangers,且从句缺 少宾语(face.),要用关系代词，故填which。注意：本题 考查定语从句中which的用法，which所代替的先行词是事物 的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等，也就是说做题 时要注意句子中是否缺少主语、宾语等成分，然后判断关系 代词，要注意分析定语从句在不同情况下的应用。 9.in which/hat或省略考查定语从句。句意：我不喜欢你 和她说话的方式。先行词是the way时，定语从句用in which/ that或是不用关系代词。考查定语从句一要看先行词，二要 看从句的成分，如果缺少主宾表，要用that或which,.但先 十字会的急救箱很便宜，而且很小，里面装有你需要的东 行词是the way的时候比较特殊，要特殊对待，故填in which/ 西。)”可知，作者之所以建议准备一个急救包，是因为在 that或省略。 大地震中，这很重要。 10.which句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家 ☆B☆ 们已经提出了很多理论，没有一个被证明了。分析句子可知， [语篇解读] 先行词是theories,指物，在后面的非限制性定语从句中做of 这篇短文讲述的是非洲的部分地区遭受了非常严重的蝗虫灾 的宾语，故填which。 害，造成了很大的损失。现在政府及其他国家的领袖都已经 11.which/hat考查定语从句。句意：你知道他向老师解释 采取措施，展开行动，消灭蝗虫。电台也呼吁更多的人加入 的他犯错误的原因吗？分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定 到与蝗虫的战斗中来。 语从句修饰先行词reason,关系词在定语从句中做explained [试题解析] 的宾语，应使用关系代词which或者hat,或者省略关系代词， 18.A考查思辨素养和理解写作目的的能力。根据第一段 故填which/halo 中It is a living cloud made of billions of locusts（蝗虫)that are 12.which考查定语从句及强调句。句意：他星期天下午是 travelling across the continent eating everything in their path.可知， 在工人们用石头建造的图书馆里度过的。第一空wich引导 用dark cloud(黑云)来形容蝗虫，是想向我们表明蝗虫的数 定语从句，在定语从句中做主语；第二空that引导强调句， 量非常之多，移动速度之快，以及蝗虫造成的损失有多么 强调地点状语in the library,故填which。 严重，故选A。 13.that考查定语从句。句意：有工作的年轻人可能意识到 19.D考查思辨素养和理解主旨要义的能力。这篇文章主要 1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111010 大学课程不可能准备好应对在以后工作中出现的所有情况。 讲的是非洲西部发生的严重的蝗虫灾害，而且各方面正为消 分析句子可知，定语从句appear in the working world中缺 灭蝗虫而做着努力，B、C两个选项都只是文章内容的一部分， 主语，关系代词为that,故填that。 不全面。A选项的表示不正确，为消灭蝗虫的灾害，不只是 14.whose考查定语从句。句意：鲍勃在一家最著名的产品 非洲西部的国家在做着努力，故选D。 是巧克力的公司找到了一份工作。此处afim是先行词，在 20.B考查学习素养和理解具体信息的能力。根据文章的 后面的定语从句中做定语，故填whose。 最后一段中“We are now treating6,OO0 hectares per day with 的 三、 pesticide(杀虫剂)，but we need to treat20,OO0 hectares per day 第一节 in order to have any hope of controlling this disaster'”可知，为了控 ☆A☆ 制住蝗虫导致的灾害，每天需要用杀虫剂来清理20,000公顷 [语篇解读] 的土地，但是现在的状况是每天只能清理6,000公顷的土地，所 $ 一位女士问作者如何为大地震做准备，本文是作者对这位女 以如果没有更多的杀虫剂，蝗虫的灾害是无法控制的，故选B。 士的回答。 第二节 [试题解析] [语篇解读] 15.C考查学习素养和理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了在自然灾害中，如何阻止受 “She wanted to know how to prepare for a big earthquake.（她想 伤和死亡的一些安全知识。 知道如何为大地震做准备。)”可知，她不知道如何为大地 [试题解析] 震做准备。 21.G考查语义衔接。根据前文“One of the most dangerous 16.B考查学习素养和理解词汇的能力。根据第二段中“Get things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building.（地震中 a few cans of soup,some canned fruit,and canned chickpeas or 做的一件最危险的事情是尽力离开一栋建筑物。)”与G项（许 beans..Make sure they all can be eaten without heating.(准备几 多的伤害发生在建筑物内的人尽力出来的时候。)话题一致， 罐汤，一些水果罐头，鹰嘴豆罐头或豆类罐头。确保它们不 故选G。 需要加热就能吃完。)”可知，作者在讲，为地震后被困准 22.B考查主旨概括。根据“Don't take shelter under a tree, 备吃的东西，再根据画线词句“Throw a cheap canopener in streetlights,electric poles or tall buildings.（不要在树、街灯和 there while you're at it,tape(用胶带粘贴)it to the can,and 电线杆下避难。)”可知B(如果出去，就到空旷的地方。) forget about that one,too.”可以推测，作者的意思是就把那 概括准确，故选B。 个开罐器和罐子一起存放在那里，以备地震被困时使用。 23.D考查语篇逻辑。根据前文“If you are driving,stop as 17.C考查思辨素养和推断的能力。根据第三段中“In a big quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses,buildings, 00101101111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 disaster,you'll probably get hurt.Being able to clean and protect bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse beneath you.( a skin wound is important.The Red Cross first-aid kit is cheap 果你在开车，尽快停下来，而且要远离天桥、建筑物、桥或 ($l6)and small,.and contains what you need.(在一场大灾 者其他任何可能倒塌或坍塌的东西下面。)”与D项（不要 难中，你可能会受伤。清洁和保护皮肤伤口是很重要的。红 把你的车停在树下或任何高的物体下。)逻辑一致，故选D。 24.C考查语义衔接。根据前文“Dont shout.(不要大叫。)” 与C项（大叫可能会让你吸入灰尘。）话题一致，故选C。 25.F考查语义衔接。根据前文“Be prepared for aftershocks (为余震做好准备。)”与F项（它们可能发生在地震后的 头几个小时。)为承接关系，故选F。 四、 [语篇解读] 这是一篇说明文。文章主要陈述了气候变化使美国大部分地 区的野火和干旱加剧，这使得森林的生长变得越来越困难， 甚至危及一些物种，同时也给政府带来了经济压力。但是专 家指出人们也做一些事情来缓解这种情况。 [试题解析] 26.B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你喜欢在美国的森 林里散步，或者喜欢在圣诞节装饰一棵圣诞树，那么你应该 知道气候变化正在让这两项活动变得更加困难。A.convenient 便利的；B.difficult困难的；C.encouraging令人鼓舞的； D.frustrating令人沮丧的。根据下文的climate change make new growth difficult可知此处用“困难的”符合语境，difficult 是原词复现，故选B。 27.A考查副词词义辨析。句意：科学家对在生态和经 济上都很重要的两个物种的研究一花旗松和黄松，发 如 现因为气候变化而加剧的火灾和干旱让新的生长很困难。 小 区 A.ecologically生态上地；B.apparently明显地；C.physically 身体上地；D.financially经济上地。结合常识可知，这两种 树具有生态和经济价值，故选A。 28.B考查动词词义辨析。A.destroyed破坏；B.worsened 使…加剧；C.extended延伸；D.established建立。根据 by climate change make new growth difficult,especially in low- elevation forests可知，此处是指气候变化使火灾和干旱更严 重了，故选B。 29.C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该研究说，对这四个地 区一加州，科罗拉多州，落基山以北和美国的西南部的一 些森林来说他们已经错过了火灾后树木产生的关键气候临界 点。A.necessary必要的；B.enormous巨大的；C.critical关 键的；D.invisible可见的。结合climate tipping(转折)point for post--fire tree generation可知，此处是指一些森林已经错过 了灾后恢复的关键时刻，故选C。 30.A考查动词词义辨析。句意：在过去20年，气候情况 已经加速了变化，这些变化本要花几十年，甚至几个世纪才 会遍及这个国家的广大地区。A.accelerated加速；B.delayed 推迟；C.eliminated排除；D.strengthened加强。根据下文的 This is leading to the sudden 32 of trees and making these lands increasingly unsuitable for tree regeneration.可知气候情况加速了 变化，故选A。 31.B考查动词词义辨析。A.transform改变；B.spread传播， 遍及；C.preserve保护；D.escape逃避。根据上下文可知， 此处是指气候变化导致森林生长速度缓慢的情况提前遍及美 国大部分地区，故选B。 32.B考查名词词义辨析。句意：这导致了树木的突然减少， 使得这些土地越来越不适应树的再生。A.extinction灭绝； B.decline减少；C.tragedy悲剧；D.increase增加。根据上文 的climate change make new growth difficult可知树木会减少， 故选B。 33.D考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，气候变化正在危及 我们的森林，而不仅仅是一些遥远的森林。A.sustaining维持； B.abandoning遗弃；C.facilitating促进；D.endangering危及。 根据下文的but it is becoming really hard to get these trees back due to climate change可知，气候变化正危及森林，故选D。 34.A考查形容词词义辨析。句意：或许在一些真的有充 足种子来源的地方，可能会有一些树，但由于气候变化， 要想让这些树像过去那样真的很困难。A.suf伍cient充足的； B.limited有限的；C.moderate温和的；D.approximate大约的。即 使种子充足的地方，树木也不会像以前那样种类繁多了，故选A。 35.B考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个问题可能不会 变好，因为气候变化正在使猛烈的野火变得更加常见。 A.occasional临时的；B.common常见的；C.essential基本的： D.temporary暂时的。根据下文have become a reality all year log可知，此处是指气候变化让猛烈的大火发生得更频繁， 即更常见，故选B。 36.C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但破坏性极大和代价 极大的火灾终年都在发生已经成为一个事实。A.astonishing 令人震惊的；B.hopeless没有希望的；C.costly代价高的； D.irreversible无法复原的。根据下文的ln20l8,fire cost California more than$9.O5 billion可知此处用“代价高的”符 合语境，cost和costly是同根词，故选C。 37.B考查名词词义辨析。句意：据美国保险委员说，在 2018年，火灾花费了加州超过90亿美元，是该州历史上最 致命的以及破坏性最大的野火季。A.world世界；B.state州， 国家；C.human人类；D.forest森林。根据California可知这 是美国的一个州，故选B。 38.A考查动词词义辨析。句意：该研究聚焦在西部森林最 干燥、最热的地区，但研究人员接下来将会关注有多少会受 到影响。A.concentrated集中；B.depended依靠；C.insisted 坚持；D.commented评论。根据下文的focus on how much wil be impacted可知此处用“关注”符合语境，concentrate on和 focus on是同义词复现，故选A。 39.C考查副词短语辨析。句意：事实上，人们可以做一 些事情来缓解这个问题。A.As a result因此；B.For example 例如；C.n fact事实上；D.What's more此外。根据上下文可 知，此处是指实际上人们可以做一些事情来缓解气候变化给 森林带来的影响，故选C。 40.B考查名词词义辨析。森林管理员Davis说越来越多的 森林管理者正在考虑允许一些火在更温和的条件下燃烧。 A.savers储户；B.managers管理员；C.researchers研究员； D.advocates倡导者。根据上文的forest managers可知此处用 “管理员”符合语境，managers是原词复现，故选B。 五、 whose theme is Natural Disasters.I'd like to invite you to take part [语篇解读] in it. 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变暖加速了冰川的融化，这给 It is well-known that many natural disasters happen every 依靠冰川取水的地区以及喜马拉雅山脉都带来了极大的影响。 year in America,causing great damage.You can introduce the [试题解析] main natural disasters,such as hurricanes and snowstorms and 41.the考查冠词的用法。句意：2019年早些时候，国际 tell some common knowledge about them.For example,you can 山地综合发展中心发布了迄今为止关于气候变化将如何影响 discuss how they happen,what harm they may cause,and what 全球冰川的最全面的分析报告，警告称，到2100年，约有 you can do in the face of disasters.The measures you take may 1,800座冰川将消失。根据句意可知此处表示“最全面的”， benefit us,as we also face many natural disasters. 修饰形容词最高级most comprehensive用定冠词，故填heo The deadline is June 8th,2020.Looking forward to your 42.warning考查非谓语动词的用法。the International Center article. for Integrated Mountain Development与wam之间是逻辑上的主 Yours, 谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词做状语，故填warning。 Li Hua 43.prediction考查名词的用法。句意：对于大约19亿南亚 人来说，这是一个糟糕的预测。他们不仅将冰川的水用于饮 UNIT5学习检测 用，还将其用于农业、水力发电和旅游业。分析句子结构， 并结合句意可知，此处缺少名词做表语，故填prediction。 44.who考查非限制性定语从句的用法。分析句子结构可知 1.is regarded as句意为“John因丰富的人生阅历和善良成 此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词South Asians(指 了公认的好人。”。此处需要谓语，根据句意应使用被动语态， 人)，并在从句中做主语，故填who。 意为“被认为是…”，故填is regarded as. 45.rapidly考查副词的用法。句意：随着冰川的迅速融化， 2.no matter what句意为“不管发生什么，我们永远是好朋 所有的水（超过十亿加仑，几乎相当于休伦湖所含的水量） 友。”。此处表示“无论什么”，引导让步状语从句，故填 将流向哪里？修饰动词melt用副词，故填rapidly。 no matter whato 46.contained考查非谓语动词的用法。amount与contain之 3.relate;to句意为“令我困惑的是，我发现很难将真实情 间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词做后置定语， 况和他这个人联系在一起。”。此处需要谓语，意为“将… 故填contained。 和…联系在一起”，故填relate;to。 47.ts考查代词的用法。句意：长期以来以冰川为标志的 4.a variety of句意为“俱乐部为当地的年轻人提供各种各 喜马拉雅山脉，现在正变成以湖泊为标志的山脉。修饰名词 样的游戏，使他们的生活更丰富多彩。”。后面的“makes glaciers用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 their life more colorful'”是此空在含义上的提示，故填a variety 48.were formed考查动词做谓语的用法。句意：事实上，另 of。 一项研究发现，从1990年到2010年，亚洲高山山脉上形成 5.referring to句意为“经理在这次商业会议上讲了将近一 了900多个新的冰川湖泊。时间状语“from1990to2010”表 个小时，完全脱稿。”。此处应使用动名词形式，做介词 明事情发生在过去，主语more than9O0 new glaciers-fed lakes without的宾语，故填referring to。 与fom之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且 6.dates back to句意为“我叔叔有一个唐代的花瓶。”。此 谓语动词用复数，故填were formed。 处需要谓语，且应使用主动语态，故填dates back to。 49.on/upon考查介词的用法。句意：由于地理位置偏远， 7.are equal to句意为“在法律面前人人平等，这是公民的 科学家们必须依靠卫星来计算湖泊的数量，而且新湖泊的数 基本准则。”。此处需要谓语，且使用一般现在时，故填 量似乎增长得如此之快，以至于科学团队很难就精确的数量 are equal to. 达成一致。根据“satellites to count them”可知此处表示“依靠”， rely on/upon表示“依靠”，故填on/upon. 8.on which句意：我仍然记得第一次和这位教授交谈的那 50.faster考查形容词的用法。句意：这一切都比我们5年 天。分析句子可知设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词the day, 或10年前预测的要快得多。根据空后的“han”可知此处用 且先行词在从句中做时间状语，故填关系副词when;或用 形容词的比较级，且空前的“much”也修饰形容词的比较级， “介词+关系代词”结构的定语从句，根据与day搭配介词 故填faster。 为on,故填on which。 六、 9.in which句意：他陷入了很难决定什么是对的局面。分 参考例文： 析句子可知设空处引导定语从句，a situation是先行词，表示 Dear Alice, 抽象的地点，关系词在从句中做状语，应用in which,故填 Our school English paper will hold an essay competition 43