Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries. 词汇拓展短语背记 2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）英语八年级下册

沪教版（五四学制）八下 Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries. 词汇拓展短语背记 序号 短语 中文意思 例句 1 make great discoveries 取得重大发现 Scientists often make great discoveries through long-term careful research.（科学家们往往通过长期细致的研究取得重大发现。） 2 scientific discovery 科学发现 Every great scientific discovery pushes the development of human society forward.（每一项重大的科学发现都推动着人类社会的发展。） 3 ancient civilization 古代文明 China is one of the four countries with ancient civilization in the world.（中国是世界四大文明古国之一。） 4 ancient traditional culture 古代传统文化 We should take the responsibility to inherit and protect ancient traditional culture.（我们应当肩负起传承和保护古代传统文化的责任。） 5 in 221 BCE 在公元前221年 The Qin Dynasty was founded in 221 BCE.（秦朝建立于公元前221年。） 6 during the 5th century BCE 在公元前5世纪 Many great thinkers appeared in China during the 5th century BCE.（公元前5世纪，中国涌现出许多伟大的思想家。） 7 in 960 CE 在公元960年 The Song Dynasty began in 960 CE.（宋朝始于公元960年。） 8 since the 1st century CE 自公元1世纪以来 This traditional art has been passed down since the 1st century CE.（这项传统艺术自公元1世纪以来一直流传至今。） 9 space exploration 太空探索 Space exploration has been a long-cherished dream of Chinese people.（太空探索是中国人民长久以来的梦想。） 10 ocean exploration 海洋探索 More and more countries begin to pay attention to ocean exploration.（越来越多的国家开始重视海洋探索。） 11 invent the wheel 发明车轮 Ancient people's invention of the wheel greatly changed human travel.（古人对车轮的发明极大地改变了人类的出行方式。） 12 the wheel of history 历史的车轮 The wheel of history always moves forward, and will never stop for anyone.（历史的车轮始终滚滚向前，不会为任何人停下。） 13 develop the local economy 发展地方经济 The beautiful scenery helps to develop the local economy through tourism.（优美的风景通过旅游业助力地方经济发展。） 14 global economy 全球经济 The global economy is closely connected among all countries in the world.（全球经济在世界各国之间紧密相连。） 15 raw material 原材料 The factory imports a large number of raw materials every year.（这家工厂每年都会进口大量原材料。） 16 learning material 学习资料 Our English teacher provided us with plenty of useful learning material.（我们的英语老师给我们提供了大量实用的学习资料。） 17 weave a fishnet 编织渔网 The old fisherman taught his grandson how to weave a strong fishnet.（老渔夫教孙子如何编织结实的渔网。） 18 mend a broken fishnet 修补破损的渔网 He sat by the river to mend a broken fishnet after fishing.（捕鱼结束后，他坐在河边修补破损的渔网。） 19 break out a war 爆发战争 No one hopes that a war will break out, for it brings nothing but pain.（没有人希望爆发战争，因为它只会带来苦难。） 20 the war against poverty 脱贫攻坚战 Our country has won a great victory in the war against poverty.（我国在脱贫攻坚战中取得了伟大胜利。） 21 excite students' interest 激发学生的兴趣 Interesting class activities can excite students' interest in learning.（有趣的课堂活动能激发学生的学习兴趣。） 22 excite sb's curiosity 激起某人的好奇心 The mysterious story excited the children's curiosity greatly.（这个神秘的故事极大地激起了孩子们的好奇心。） 23 suffer from a serious illness 身患重病 He kept an optimistic attitude even when he suffered from a serious illness.（即便身患重病，他依然保持着乐观的心态。） 24 mental illness 心理疾病 We should give more care and respect to people with mental illness.（我们应该给予心理疾病患者更多的关爱与尊重。） 25 build socialism 建设社会主义 Young people should devote themselves to building socialism with Chinese characteristics.（青少年应当投身于中国特色社会主义建设事业。） 26 core socialist values 社会主义核心价值观 We should learn and practice core socialist values in daily life.（我们应当在日常生活中学习并践行社会主义核心价值观。） 27 form a good learning habit 养成良好的学习习惯 To form a good learning habit helps us improve our grades efficiently.（养成良好的学习习惯能帮我们高效提升成绩。） 28 get rid of a bad habit 改掉坏习惯 It takes strong will to get rid of a bad habit that has lasted for years.（改掉持续多年的坏习惯需要强大的意志力。） 29 hardly ever 几乎从不 He hardly ever eats junk food, for he wants to keep a healthy body.（他几乎从不吃垃圾食品，因为他想保持身体健康。） 30 hardly...when... 一……就…… Hardly had I got home when it began to rain heavily.（我刚到家，就下起了瓢泼大雨。） 31 totally change one's life 彻底改变人生 A small but brave choice may totally change one's life.（一个微小却勇敢的选择，可能会彻底改变一个人的一生。） 32 totally agree with sb 完全同意某人 I totally agree with your opinion that reading makes a full man.（我完全同意你“读书使人充实”的观点。） 33 make a telephone call 打电话 I will make a telephone call to my grandparents as soon as I get home.（我一到家就会给爷爷奶奶打电话。） 34 leave a telephone number 留下电话号码 He left a telephone number so that we could contact him later.（他留下了电话号码，方便我们后续联系他。） 35 a plastic tube 塑料管道 The worker replaced the broken plastic tube in the kitchen.（工人更换了厨房里破损的塑料管道。） 36 a metal tube 金属管子 This kind of metal tube can be used to transport water safely.（这种金属管子可以用来安全输水。） 37 break a bone 骨折 He broke a bone in his leg when he fell off his bike carelessly.（他不小心从自行车上摔下来，腿部骨折了。） 38 bone health 骨骼健康 Drinking milk and doing exercise regularly are good for bone health.（喝牛奶和规律运动有益于骨骼健康。） 39 take an X-ray 拍X光片 The doctor asked me to take an X-ray to check if my arm was hurt.（医生让我拍X光片，检查我的手臂是否受伤。） 40 X-ray examination X光检查 You need to take an X-ray examination before the doctor gives you treatment.（医生给你治疗前，你需要先做X光检查。） 41 win an international award 赢得国际奖项 She won an international award for her great achievements in medical research.（她因在医学研究上的杰出成就赢得了国际奖项。） 42 award sb for sth 因某事奖励某人 The school awarded him for his brave act of saving a drowning child.（学校因他救落水儿童的勇敢行为对他进行了表彰。） 43 Dear Sir 尊敬的先生（书信正式开头） Dear Sir, I'm writing to apply for the volunteer position in your museum.（尊敬的先生，我写这封信是为了申请贵馆的志愿者岗位。） 44 Yes, sir 是的，先生（礼貌应答） When the teacher gave the order, all the boys answered "Yes, sir" together.（老师下达指令时，所有男生齐声应答“是的，先生”。） 45 meet sb by accident 偶然遇见某人 I met my primary school head teacher by accident in the street yesterday.（昨天我在街上偶然遇见了我的小学班主任。） 46 discover sth by accident 意外发现某物 The famous scientist discovered this special material by accident during an experiment.（这位著名科学家在一次实验中意外发现了这种特殊材料。） 47 grow mould on food 食物发霉 Food will grow mould easily if it is put in a wet and hot environment.（食物放在湿热的环境中很容易发霉。） 48 be covered with mould 长满霉菌 The old bread was covered with mould after being left for a week.（这块旧面包放了一周后，长满了霉菌。） 49 to my surprise 令我惊讶的是 To my surprise, the shy girl gave a wonderful speech in front of the whole school.（令我惊讶的是，这个害羞的女孩在全校面前做了一场精彩的演讲。） 50 to everyone's surprise 令所有人惊讶的是 To everyone's surprise, he finished the hard task all by himself in three days.（令所有人惊讶的是，他独自一人在三天内完成了这项艰巨的任务。） 51 kill harmful bacteria 杀灭有害细菌 Boiling water for more than 5 minutes can kill most harmful bacteria in it.（将水煮沸5分钟以上，可以杀灭其中大部分有害细菌。） 52 produce useful bacteria 滋生有益细菌 This kind of yogurt can help our stomach produce useful bacteria.（这种酸奶能帮助我们的胃部滋生有益细菌。） 53 turn waste into treasure 变废为宝 We can turn waste into treasure by recycling and reusing used things.（我们可以通过回收再利用旧物，实现变废为宝。） 54 turn dream into reality 把梦想变为现实 Only by working hard step by step can you turn your dream into reality.（只有一步一个脚印地努力，你才能把梦想变为现实。） 55 life-saving medicine 救命的药物 This life-saving medicine has saved thousands of patients' lives around the world.（这种救命的药物已经拯救了全球数千名患者的生命。） 56 life-saving equipment 救生设备 Every ship must be equipped with enough life-saving equipment before sailing.（每艘船出海前都必须配备充足的救生设备。） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $