考前冲刺练01阅读四选一（含“热点词汇”过一过）-2026届高考英语终极对决锦囊·三年真题解读&四层模考储能

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦新课标新增熟词僻义词汇与科技环保主题词汇，按“词汇模块-阅读应用”逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点梳理（词汇多义辨析、主题词分类）、方法指导（语境猜词、长难句分析）、真题训练（10篇模拟阅读）三环节，帮助学生突破词汇理解与语篇解读难点。 资料以语言能力和思维品质培养为核心，设计“熟词僻义情境应用”“科技文逻辑链分析”等活动，通过分层练习（词汇辨析题+阅读细节/推理题）强化实战，助力学生高效掌握高考高频考点，为教师精准把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供系统支持。

考前冲刺练01阅读四选一 说明：共156个词条。两个词汇表中的词汇尽量不重复。 选自2025版新课标增加的词汇 (侧重熟词僻义) 序号 英语 音标 词性+中文释义 1 bug /bʌɡ/ n.电脑程序漏洞；小虫子，烦扰 2 chip /tʃɪp/ n.芯片，集成电路片；薯片，碎片 3 compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ n.指南针，罗盘；(复数)圆规，范围 4 electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj.电的，电动的；令人兴奋的，刺激的 5 elevator /ˈelɪveɪtə(r)/ n.电梯(AmE)；(比喻)提升物，促进因素 6 eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ v.消除，排除；淘汰，干掉 7 gene /dʒiːn/ n.基因；(比喻)遗传因子，本质 8 intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ adj./n.知识分子，脑力劳动者；智力的，需用脑力的 9 dam /dæm/ n.水坝，堤坝 v.阻碍，抑制 10 fog /fɒɡ/ n.雾；迷雾 v.困惑 11 fertile /ˈfɜːtaɪl/ adj.肥沃的，富饶的；有创造力的，多产的 12 highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n.高速公路；(比喻)捷径，重要途径 13 irrigation /ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n.灌溉；(比喻)滋润，滋养 14 lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ n.闪电 adj.极快的，瞬间的 15 livestock /ˈlaɪvstɒk/ n.家畜，牲畜；饲养动物统称(区别野生动物) 16 marine /məˈriːn/ adj.海洋的，海生的；海军的，海事的 17 migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n.鸟类动物迁徙；人口迁移，移居 18 proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn/ n.比例，比重；部分，份额，相称 19 tropical /ˈtrɒpɪkl/ adj.热带的；炎热的，充满热情的 20 wetland /ˈwetlænd/ n.湿地；沼泽地，(生态保护术语)滩涂 21 bias /ˈbaɪəs/ n.偏见，偏心 v.偏向，倾向 22 bully /ˈbʊli/ n.欺凌，欺凌者， v.威逼，胁迫，欺负他人 23 collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ v.合作，协作；(贬义)勾结，通敌 24 controversial /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/ adj.有争议的，引发争论的；(非正式)容易招骂的 25 dedicate /ˈdedɪkeɪt/ v.致力于，献身于；题献，献给 26 empathy /ˈempəθi/ n.共情，同理心；共鸣，感同身受 27 ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ adj.道德的，伦理的；合乎职业道德的 28 ethnic /ˈeθnɪk/ adj.种族的，民族的；具有民族特色的 29 gender /ˈdʒendə(r)/ n.性别；性别角色 30 mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的 31 neutral /ˈnjuːtrəl/ adj.中立的，中性的；(化学)中性的，无彩色的 n.颜色 32 religion /rɪˈlɪdʒən/ n.宗教，宗教信仰；(比喻)极度热爱的事物 33 servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ n.仆人，佣人；服务于……的事物 34 metaphor /ˈmetəfə(r)/ n.隐喻，暗喻；象征 35 monument /ˈmɒnjumənt/ n.纪念碑，纪念物；(比喻)不朽之作，典范 36 myth /mɪθ/ n.神话，神话故事；荒诞说法，虚构人/事 37 orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/ n.管弦乐队；(比喻)协调运作的群体 38 portrait /ˈpɔːtreɪt/ n.肖像，画像；描绘，写照 39 rhythm /ˈrɪðəm/ n.节奏，韵律；规律，节拍 40 patriotism /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/ n.爱国主义，爱国精神；爱国情怀 41 reinforce /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs/ v.加强，巩固；增援，补充 42 revitalize /ˌriːˈvaɪtəlaɪz/ v.使复兴，焕发生机；恢复活力 43 rival /ˈraɪvl/ n.竞争对手，匹敌者 v.与……匹敌，比得上 44 transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ n./v.过渡，转变；(物理)跃迁，(音乐)转调 45 bin /bɪn/ n.垃圾桶，箱子 v.扔掉，丢弃 46 butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ n.蝴蝶；(比喻)轻浮的人，蝶式游泳 47 chore /tʃɔː(r)/ n.家务杂事；乏味的工作 48 cucumber /ˈkjuːkʌmbə(r)/ n.黄瓜 (习语)as cool as a cucumber镇定自若 49 ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ n.食材，原料；要素，因素 50 lip /lɪp/ n.嘴唇；(容器的)边缘，说空话 51 mall /mɔːl/ n.购物中心；(AmE)林荫大道 52 mutton /ˈmʌtn/ n.羊肉 (习语)mutton dressed as lamb老来俏 53 oven /ˈʌvn/ n.烤箱，烤炉；(比喻)闷热的地方 54 pants /pænts/ n.(AmE)裤子；(英式俚语)内裤 55 penguin /ˈpeŋɡwɪn/ n.企鹅；非正式 穿着笔挺的矮胖男人 56 pizza /ˈpiːtsə/ n.披萨，比萨饼；(比喻)混合体 57 porridge /ˈpɒrɪdʒ/ n.粥，麦片粥；(比喻)乏味的东西 58 sauce /sɔːs/ n.酱汁，调味汁；(俚语)勇气，魄力 59 sore /sɔː(r)/ adj.疼痛的，酸痛的 60 spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ adj.辛辣的，麻辣的；充满活力的，刺激的 61 dawn /dɔːn/ n.黎明，拂晓 v.开始，开端，被意识到 62 helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ n.直升机；(比喻)空中救援者，直升机父母 63 pagoda /pəˈɡəʊdə/ n.佛塔，宝塔；特定风格 多层塔楼 64 shell /ʃel/ n.贝壳，壳 v.剥壳，炮击 65 tomb /tuːm/ n.坟墓，陵墓；(比喻)死寂的地方 选自各地最新高考模拟试题 (侧重科技环保方面的词汇) 序号 英语 音标 词性+中文释义 1 acid rain / n.酸雨 2 algorithm /ˈælgərɪðəm/ n.算法 3 autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ adj.自主运行的；自动驾驶的 4 authorize /ˈɔːθəraɪz/ v.授权；正式批准 5 basin /ˈbeɪsn/ n.流域；盆地 6 behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/ adj.行为的；行为科学的 7 biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ n.生物多样性 8 biodegradable /ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/ adj.可生物降解的 9 botanist /ˈbɒtənɪst/ n.植物学家 10 buffer /ˈbʌfə(r)/ v.缓冲；减轻负面影响 11 captive breeding / n.圈养繁殖 12 carbon footprint / n.碳足迹 13 carbon neutrality / n.碳中和 14 carbon peaking / n.碳达峰 15 cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ(r)/ adj.心血管的 16 cellular /ˈseljələ(r)/ adj.细胞的；细胞层面的 17 circularity /ˌsɜːkjəˈlærəti/ n.循环性；循环利用 18 cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj.认知的；感知的 19 collision /kəˈlɪʒn/ n.碰撞；相撞 20 conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ adj.概念性的；理论架构的 21 conservationist /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃnɪst/ n.环保主义者 22 contraction /kənˈtrækʃn/ n.收缩；肌肉挛缩 23 crude /kruːd/ adj.未加工的；天然原油的 24 decarbonize /ˌdiːˈkɑːbənaɪz/ v.脱碳；减少碳排放 25 deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ n.森林砍伐 26 demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v.证明；展示 27 desertification /dɪˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n.沙漠化 28 disparity /dɪˈspærəti/ n.差异；健康差距 29 dispose /dɪˈspəʊz/ v.处理；处置 30 downcycling /ˈdaʊnsaɪklɪŋ/ n.降级再造 31 ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj.生态的；生态学的 32 ecological balance / n.生态平衡 33 ecologist /iˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n.生态学家 34 ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n.生态系统 35 engineered /ˌendʒɪˈnɪəd/ adj.人工工程合成的 36 erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ n.侵蚀 37 estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v.估计 38 fibrous /ˈfaɪbrəs/ adj.纤维的；含纤维的 39 green hydrogen / n.绿色氢能 40 habitat destruction / n.栖息地破坏 41 haze /heɪz/ n.雾霾 42 herbicide /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ n.除草剂 43 high-resolution /haɪ ˌrezəˈluːʃn/ adj.高分辨率的 44 humidity /hjuːˈmɪdəti/ n.湿度；湿气 45 hybrid /ˈhaɪbrɪd/ adj./n.混合的；混合动力车 46 hydrogen fuel cell / n.氢燃料电池 47 hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/ n.假设 48 impairment /ɪmˈpeəmənt/ n.细胞损伤；功能障碍 49 integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ v.整合；融合 50 integration /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n.集成；传感融合 51 intake /ˈɪnteɪk/ n.吸入量；摄入量 52 landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ n.废弃物填埋场 53 misdirection /ˌmɪsdəˈrekʃn/ n.误导；线索误导 54 mow /məʊ/ v.割草；修剪草木 55 muscular /ˈmʌskjələ(r)/ adj.肌肉的 56 non-renewable resources / n.不可再生资源 57 organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n.生物体；有机体 58 ozone layer depletion / n.臭氧层破坏 59 perception /pəˈsepʃn/ n.认知；价值观感 60 pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs/ adj.有害的；恶性连锁的 61 plateau /ˈplætəʊ/ n.稳定水平；平台期 62 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ n.污染物 63 predictably /prɪˈdɪktəbli/ adv.可预测地 64 quantify /ˈkwɒntɪfaɪ/ v.量化；定量分析 65 recede /rɪˈsiːd/ v.消退；减弱 66 reconstruction /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃn/ n.三维重构；影像重建 67 remodeling /ˌriːˈmɒdlɪŋ/ n.组织重塑；结构改造 68 renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ adj.可再生的 69 retrospect /ˈretrəspekt/ n.回顾；追溯 70 reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v.揭示 71 sewage /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ n.污水；下水道污物 72 silicon-based /ˈsɪlɪkən beɪst/ adj.硅基的 73 simulation /ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ n.模拟；仿真推演 74 smart grid /smɑːt ɡrɪd/ n.智能电网 75 sociogenomics /ˌsəʊsiəʊdʒɪˈnɒmɪks/ n.社会基因组学 76 spatial /ˈspeɪʃl/ adj.空间的 77 spiral system / n.螺旋式再利用系统 78 terminology /ˌtɜːmɪˈnɒlədʒi/ n.(专业)术语 79 three-dimensional /ˌθriː dɪˈmenʃənl/ adj.三维的；立体的 80 tissue /ˈtɪʃuː/ n.生物组织 81 transmit /trænzˈmɪt/ v.发射；信号传输 82 treatment plant / n.处理厂 83 underserved /ˌʌndəˈsɜːvd/ adj.资源供给不足的 84 unfiltered /ʌnˈfɪltəd/ adj.未经过滤的 85 upbeat /ˈʌpbiːt/ adj.乐观的；积极向上的；欢快的；朝气蓬勃的 n.乐观情绪；兴旺局面 86 upcycling /ˈʌpsaɪklɪŋ/ n.升级再造 87 vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ n.植被；植物 88 verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/ v.证实 89 vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ adj.易危的；脆弱的 90 waste disposal / n.废物处理 91 waste-to-energy /weɪst tu ˈenədʒi/ adj.以垃圾作为能源的 (题目序号同新课标I卷D篇) 1 (2026·四川内江·三模)Scientists have created a three-dimensional “heart-on-a-chip”(HOC)that could provide a breakthrough in the fight against the world’s leading cause of death, cardiovascular(心血管)disease. One major challenge is that we cannot easily test how a human heart will react to a drug or disease without putting someone at risk. This engineered heart tissue beats on its own, it releases chemicals to start muscular activity, and it responds predictably to common drugs. It’s the first to include a two-way sensing platform that provides real-time tracking of activity throughout the heart tissue down to the cellular level. In a recent paper, scientists from multiple Canadian institutions describe how they achieved this “significant advance in heart tissue engineering and drug testing.” The key advance here is the integration of sensors that can detect both large-area and small-area heart activity. Both current HOC platforms and the research team’s previous version, described in a 2024 paper, lack high-resolution cellular-level sensing. Small-area sensing is vital because many cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are associated with impairment in heart muscle cells, the individual beating cells that form heart muscle tissue. As a result, measuring cellular function is critical for preventing heart failure in patients with CVDs. To build their HOCs, the researchers harvested heart muscle cells and heart connective tissue cells from lab animals. They placed these cells into a soft structure rich in fibrous proteins and nutrients to stimulate growth, and then seeded them on tiny, flexible silicon-based chips(芯片). This is a major step toward testing diseases in the lab, since cell-generated forces govern the development of heart tissues, including their formation, remodeling, contraction efficiency, wound healing, and cancer progression. Next, the researchers plan to model specific disorders by building heart tissues using cells from patients living with various heart conditions. These include a type of genetic heart muscle disease that can lead to heart failure, as well as irregular heartbeats, an umbrella of disorders that cause heart rate abnormalities. 32. How does the new HOC differ from earlier versions? A. It uses human patient cells. B. It beats with external help. C. It senses cellular heart activity. D. It uses more flexible materials. 33. What does the underlined word “impairment” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Abnormal working. B. Quick recovery. C. Natural growth. D. Regular beating. 34. What do the researchers intend to do with HOCs? A. Replace animal testing. B. Grow full hearts for patients. C. Cure DNA-based heart diseases. D. Study patient-specific heart diseases. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The New Methods to Build 3D hearts B. A Fresh Process for Heart Drug Testing C. An Innovation in Heart Tissue Engineering D. The Fight Against Cardiovascular Diseases 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C 【导语】文章主要介绍了科学家们创造出的三维“心脏芯片”，该芯片在心脏组织工程和药物测试方面取得了重大进展，能够实时追踪心脏组织的活动至细胞层面。 32. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It’s the first to include a two-way sensing platform that provides real-time tracking of activity throughout the heart tissue down to the cellular level.(这是第一个包含双向传感平台的芯片，可以实时追踪整个心脏组织直至细胞层面的活动)”以及第三段“The key advance here is the integration of sensors that can detect both large-area and small-area heart activity. Both current HOC platforms and the research team’s previous version, described in a 2024 paper, lack high-resolution cellular-level sensing.(这里的关键进展是集成了能够检测大面积和小面积心脏活动的传感器。目前的HOC平台和研究团队之前的版本，在2024年的一篇论文中有所描述，都缺乏高分辨率的细胞级传感)”可知，新型HOC与早期版本的不同之处在于它能够感知细胞层面的心脏活动，故选C。 33. 词义猜测题。根据划线词所在句“many cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are associated with impairment in heart muscle cells, the individual beating cells that form heart muscle tissue.(许多心血管疾病与心肌细胞的impairment有关，心肌细胞是构成心肌组织的单个跳动细胞)”和后文“As a result, measuring cellular function is critical for preventing heart failure(因此，测量细胞功能对于预防心力衰竭至关重要)”可知，心血管疾病与心肌细胞的功能异常或损伤有关。故划线词impairment意为“功能异常；损伤”，与“Abnormal working”意思相近，故选A。 34. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Next, the researchers plan to model specific disorders by building heart tissues using cells from patients living with various heart conditions.(接下来，研究人员计划利用患有各种心脏病的患者的细胞构建心脏组织，以模拟特定的疾病)”可知，研究人员打算用HOCs研究患者特定的心脏疾病，故选D。 35. 主旨大意题(最佳标题)。根据第一段“Scientists have created a three-dimensional “heart-on-a-chip”(HOC)that could provide a breakthrough in the fight against the world’s leading cause of death, cardiovascular(心血管)disease.(科学家们创造了一种三维“心脏芯片”(HOC)，这可能为对抗世界主要死因——心血管疾病提供突破)”以及第二段至第五段对其功能、优势及研究计划的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了一项心脏组织工程的创新成果，故C项“An Innovation in Heart Tissue Engineering(心脏组织工程的一项创新)”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题，故选C。 2 (2026·上海黄浦·二模)Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture(环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences. Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other. The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics. Despite being a relatively new area of study, it has the potential to rewrite a great deal of what we think we know about who we are and how we got that way. Genes don’t affect who we become just on their own, inside our bodies — they work, in part, by shaping the environments we look for or produce. At other times, the nature-nurture feedback circle may be more pernicious. It’s no surprise that terrible setbacks — the loss of a job, the end of a marriage — can cause people to fall into depression. I was astonished to learn, however, that people with a high genetic tendency for depression are more likely to encounter these setbacks, which in turn contribute to their depression. That’s not to say that any of it is their fault, just that the way we’re supported and the world we pilot are closely linked. Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade — even among those students who didn’t personally know those classmates. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the greater the influence that genetic variation has in sorting us into different categories. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re endlessly circling back on each other. 32. Prior to the emergence of sociogenomics, it was widely believed that ________. A. genes and environment functioned separately B. there was no clear line between nature and nurture C. environment shaped our perception of who we are D. nature mattered more than nurture for personal growth 33. The underlined word “pernicious”(paragraph 4)is closest in meaning to “________”. A. disastrous B. generative C. pointless D. questionable 34. It can be inferred that the research shocked the writer by suggesting that ________. A. our genes may change because of the people we live with B. nature determines our behaviour just as much as nurture does C. people with the same genes are more likely to interact with each other D. the genes of people around us can affect the environment we experience 35. Which of the following pictures correctly illustrates how nature and nurture make us who we are? A. B. C. D. 【答案】32. A 33. A 34. D 35. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了社会基因组学这一新兴科学领域对传统“先天vs环境因素”辩论的重新定义，揭示了基因与环境之间相互影响、相互塑造的复杂关系。 32. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture(环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences.(自150年前弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出“先天与环境因素”这一说法以来，关于什么塑造了我们的争论便一直主导着人文科学领域)”、第二段中“Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place.(然而，如今一个新的科学领域即将重塑这场争论——它不是通过宣布某一方获胜，甚至也不是宣告平局，而是揭示出它们从一开始就并非对立)”和第三段中“The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics.(这个新领域被称为社会基因组学，是行为科学与遗传学的交叉融合)”可知，在社会基因组学出现之前，人们普遍认为先天和环境因素是对立的，即基因和环境是分开作用的，故选A。 33. 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“At other times, the nature-nurture feedback circle may be more pernicious. It’s no surprise that terrible setbacks — the loss of a job, the end of a marriage — can cause people to fall into depression. I was astonished to learn, however, that people with a high genetic tendency for depression are more likely to encounter these setbacks, which in turn contribute to their depression.(在其他时候，先天与环境因素的反馈循环可能更pernicious。失业、婚姻破裂等可怕的挫折会导致人们陷入抑郁，这并不奇怪。然而，我惊讶地发现，那些在基因上更容易患抑郁症的人，更有可能遭遇这些挫折，而这些挫折反过来又会加重他们的抑郁)”可推知，这种先天与环境因素的反馈循环更有害的，更具有破坏性。故划线词pernicious意为“有害的；破坏性的”，与A项“disastrous”意义相近，故选A。 34. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade(这项研究中真正让我震惊的是这一部分。研究表明，伴侣的基因对你患抑郁症可能性的影响几乎达到你自己基因影响的三分之一。研究还表明，当高中有少数具有吸烟遗传倾向的学生时，整个年级的吸烟率会迅速上升)”可推知，这项研究让作者感到震惊的是，我们周围人的基因可以影响我们所处的环境，故选D。 35. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other.(从这个新的角度来看，先天和环境因素甚至不能完全区分，因为基因和环境并不是孤立地起作用的；它们相互影响，甚至在很大程度上相互创造)”、第六段中“Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself.(先天与环境因素相互塑造，先天影响我们体验环境的方式，环境因素影响我们天性表达的方式)”和最后一段“Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re endlessly circling back on each other.(先天与环境因素并非两种分离的力量——它们无休止地相互循环)”可知，二者并非两种分离的力量，是相互影响，相互创造的关系，故选C。 3 (2026·山东·模拟预测)At the newspaper I worked with, the topic on which my colleagues and I were most frequently asked to write was “information overload” and no, the irony(讽刺)wasn’t lost on us that publishing thousands of words on the problem was hardly going to help. It was obvious that the internet would dramatically worsen the problem of there being far too much to read. But it wouldn’t last, because soon there’d be better technology to help us find the information we really value. The real trouble wasn’t information overload but “filter(过滤)failure”. All we really needed and would likely soon get — were better ways to filter the digital wheat from the chaff(壳). It didn’t exactly work out that way. What happened, instead, was the ‘efficiency trap’. It’s true that the filters got much better: technologies such as Amazon’s recommendation engine are an excellent way to discover things to read, while social media, at its best, is like having thousands of unpaid assistants searching the globe for content you’re likely to find particularly fascinating. But the result hasn’t been better. It’s easy to wonder if the solution might lie in consuming things more quickly, perhaps by listening to audiobooks on double-speed, or by pursuing the dream of learning to speed-read.(Recall Woody Allen’s line about taking a speed-reading course, then tackling War and Peace: “It’s about Russia.”)But there’s far too much content for that. ‘You will never be efficient enough to hear it all before you die.’ Fortunately, there are pieces of advice for navigating a world of endless information. Treat your to-read pile like a river, not a bucket — select freely without guilt. Focus not on collecting facts but on how reading reshapes your thinking. Most importantly, enjoy the present joy of reading; not every text must serve future gains to be worthwhile. 32. What does “the irony wasn’t lost on us” in paragraph 1 imply? A. The writers had been very successful. B. The writers knew their articles didn’t make sense. C. The writers liked using jokes to talk about the topic. D. The writers thought their articles would fix the problem. 33. What does the author think of the filtering technology? A. It is a perfect solution. B. It doesn’t fix the problem. C. It leads to efficiency trap. D. It is ineffective and risky. 34. The author mentions Woody Allen’s line to ________. A. recommend a reading solution B. criticize quick reading C. compare different reading methods D. encourage audiobooks 35. What does the author suggest regarding information overload? A. Adopt a new mindset. B. Select useful texts. C. Consume content faster. D. Focus on quantity. 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. B 35. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了信息过载问题及应对建议。 32. 推理判断题。根据第一段“At the newspaper I worked with, the topic on which my colleagues and I were most frequently asked to write was “information overload” and no, the irony(讽刺)wasn’t lost on us that publishing thousands of words on the problem was hardly going to help. It was obvious that the internet would dramatically worsen the problem of there being far too much to read.(在我工作的报社，我和同事们最常被要求写的主题就是“信息过载”。是的，我们很清楚其中的讽刺意味：就这个问题发表数千字的文章，几乎无助于解决问题。显而易见，互联网会急剧恶化可读内容过多的问题)”可知，作者和同事们最常被要求写的主题是“信息过载”，但他们意识到发表数千字关于这个问题的文章几乎无济于事，这是一种讽刺。因此，“the irony wasn’t lost on us”意味着作者和同事们知道他们的文章没有意义，故选B。 33. 推理判断题。 根据第三段“It’s true that the filters got much better: technologies such as Amazon’s recommendation engine are an excellent way to discover things to read, while social media, at its best, is like having thousands of unpaid assistants searching the globe for content you’re likely to find particularly fascinating. But the result hasn’t been better.(的确，过滤器变得更好了：亚马逊的推荐引擎等技术是发现阅读内容的绝佳方式，而社交媒体在最好的情况下，就像有成千上万的无偿助手在全球搜索你可能会发现特别有趣的内容。但结果并没有更好)”可知，作者认为虽然过滤技术变得更好了，但结果并没有变得更好。因此，作者认为过滤技术并没有解决问题，故选B。 34. 推理判断题。 根据第四段“It’s easy to wonder if the solution might lie in consuming things more quickly, perhaps by listening to audiobooks on double-speed, or by pursuing the dream of learning to speed-read.(Recall Woody Allen’s line about taking a speed-reading course, then tackling War and Peace: “It’s about Russia.”)But there’s far too much content for that. ‘You will never be efficient enough to hear it all before you die.’(人们很容易认为解决方案可能在于更快地消费内容，比如用双倍速听有声书，或者追求学会快速阅读的梦想。(回想一下伍迪·艾伦关于参加速读课程后阅读《战争与和平》的台词：“讲的是俄罗斯的事。”)但内容太多了，根本读不完。“你永远无法高效到在死前读完所有内容。”)”可知，作者提到Woody Allen的话是为了批评快速阅读的方法，认为即使快速阅读也无法处理完所有的信息，故选B。 35. 推理判断题。 根据最后一段“Fortunately, there are pieces of advice for navigating a world of endless information. Treat your to-read pile like a river, not a bucket — select freely without guilt. Focus not on collecting facts but on how reading reshapes your thinking. Most importantly, enjoy the present joy of reading; not every text must serve future gains to be worthwhile.(幸运的是，对于在信息无穷无尽的世界中导航，有一些建议。把你的阅读堆当作一条河，而不是一个水桶——自由选择，不要内疚。不要专注于收集事实，而要关注阅读如何重塑你的思维。最重要的是，享受阅读的乐趣；并非每一篇文章都必须为未来的利益服务才有价值)”可知，作者建议读者采取新的心态来应对信息过载的问题，如自由选择阅读材料、关注阅读如何重塑思维以及享受阅读的乐趣等，故选A。 4 (2026·陕西·三模)Solutions to the plastic waste crisis are often presented using words that can unfairly influence how we judge them, new research argues. The paper, authored by the Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub at The University of Manchester, explores how the choice of terminology affects our understanding of end-of-life solutions for plastic waste. While recycling has long been promoted as a solution for plastic sustainability, it comes in many forms, and can sometimes hide the real discussions around sustainability. The researchers, Seitzinger, Lahive, and Shaver, find that directional terms such as “upcycling” and “downcycling” lack clear definitions as value judgments, and that their use can twist perceptions of the benefits, potentially creating a barrier to circularity. “Downcycling,” for example, suggests the production of a less desirable or “less good” material as the final product of the recycling process, while “upcycling” carries positive associations. However, despite what these terms suggest, a downcycled stream may actually produce a high-value product, while an upcycled approach may have a greater negative environmental impact than other methods. Using these terms assigns unfair value to certain end-of-life plastic solution strategies, and can be used by supporters or opponents of different recycling technologies to hide genuine evaluation of their environmental impact. The study, published in the journal Cambridge Prisms: Plastics, suggests that plastic waste solutions consistently fail to live up to their marketed messaging, and that clearer communication of the true value of the product from a recycling process is essential to encourage investment in proper plastic waste management. The researchers argue that no single solution offers a quick fix, and that it is wrong for the terminology to suggest otherwise. They call for greater clarity over how we judge end-products. They suggest a “spiral system” of reuse, in which plastic materials are treated as complex mixtures like crude oil, rather than simple goods. By moving away from direction-loaded terminology, plastic waste solutions can be judged on measurable environmental and economic value of the final product, rather than an assumed or subjective value based on language that is not always supported by full life-cycle assessment or economic analysis. 32. What does the research find about “upcycling” and “downcycling”? A. They are merely scientifically defined. B. They may mislead people’s judgment. C. They measure environmental impact. D. They promote all plastic solutions. 33. What can be learned from the example of “downcycled” materials? A. They tend to bring inferior final products. B. They can generate high-value products. C. They harm the environment seriously. D. They represent more advanced technology. 34. Why does the author suggest a “spiral system” of reuse? A. To simplify plastic waste management. B. To treat plastics as simple goods. C. To avoid judgment based on loaded terms. D. To replace all current recycling methods. 35. What does the author call for in the passage? A. Stopping the use of plastic materials. B. Developing more recycling technologies. C. Judging recycling by measurable value. D. Promoting upcycling over downcycling. 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C 35. C 【导语】主要介绍曼彻斯特大学可持续材料创新中心的一项新研究，该研究表明 “升级再造” 和 “降级再造” 等术语缺乏明确定义，可能误导人们对塑料废物处理方案的判断，呼吁以可衡量的价值来评判回收利用，避免受带有导向性术语的影响。 32. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers, Seitzinger, Lahive, and Shaver, find that directional terms such as “upcycling” and “ downcycling” lack clear definitions as value judgments, and that their use can twist perceptions of the benefits, potentially creating a barrier to circularity.(研究人员Seitzinger, Lahive,和 Shaver发现，像“升级再造”和“降级再造”这样的方向性术语作为价值判断缺乏明确定义，其使用可能会扭曲对益处的认知，潜在地对循环利用造成阻碍)可知，“升级再造”和“降级再造”可能会误导人们的判断，故选B。 33. 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, despite what these terms suggest, a downcycled stream may actually produce a high-value product, while an upcycled approach may have a greater negative environmental impact than other methods.(然而，尽管这些术语暗示了不同结果，但降级再造实际上可能会产生高价值产品，而升级再造的方法可能比其他方法对环境造成更大的负面影响)”可知，降级再造的材料可以产生高价值产品，故选B。 34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“They suggest a “spiral system” of reuse, in which plastic materials are treated as complex mixtures like crude oil, rather than simple goods. By moving away from direction-loaded terminology, plastic waste solutions can be judged on measurable environmental and economic value of the final product, rather than an assumed or subjective value based on language that is not always supported by full life-cycle assessment or economic analysis.(他们建议采用一种“螺旋式”再利用系统，在这个系统中，塑料材料被视为像原油一样的复杂混合物，而不是简单的商品。通过摒弃带有导向性的术语，塑料废物解决方案可以根据最终产品可衡量的环境和经济价值来评判，而不是基于一种假设或主观的价值，这种价值所基于的语言并不总是得到全生命周期评估或经济分析的支持)”可知，作者建议采用“螺旋式”再利用系统是为了避免基于带有导向性术语的判断，故选C。 35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“By moving away from direction - loaded terminology, plastic waste solutions can be judged on measurable environmental and economic value of the final product, rather than an assumed or subjective value based on language that is not always supported by full life-cycle assessment or economic analysis.(通过摒弃带有导向性的术语，塑料废物解决方案可以根据最终产品可衡量的环境和经济价值来评判，而不是基于一种假设或主观的价值，这种价值所基于的语言并不总是得到全生命周期评估或经济分析的支持)”可知，作者呼吁以可衡量的价值来评判回收利用，故选C。 5 (2026·河南许昌·三模)Climate change has made extreme weather events such as bush fires and floods more frequent and more likely in recent years. Will firsthand experience of these events change how people think and act about climate change, making it seem immediate and local rather than a distant or future problem? New research led by Viktoria Cologna at ETH Zurich in Switzerland may help to explain what’s going on. The study, published in Nature Climate Change, looked at the question of extreme weather and climate opinion using two global datasets(数据集). The Trust in Science and Science-related Populism(TISP)survey measures public support for climate policies and the extent that people think climate change is behind increases in extreme weather. The survey asked people how much they supported five specific actions to cut carbon emissions(排放). On average, support was fairly strong, with an average rating of 2.37 across the five policies. The study found most people around the world have experienced heatwaves and heavy rainfall in recent decades. Do people in countries with higher exposure to extreme weather events show greater support for climate policies? This study found they don’t. In most cases, living in a country where more people are exposed to disasters was not reflected in stronger support for climate action. Crucially, people who more strongly believed climate change had worsened these events were also more likely to support climate policies. In fact, this belief mattered more for policy support than whether they had actually experienced the events firsthand. This study highlights what may affect public thinking: helping people recognize the link between climate change and extreme weather events. In countries such as Australia, climate change makes up only about 1% of media coverage. What’s more, most of the coverage focuses on social or political aspects rather than scientific, ecological, or economic impacts. Many stories about disasters linked to climate change also fail to mention the link, or indeed mention climate change at all. Making these connections clearer may encourage stronger public support for climate action. 32. What does the research led by Viktoria Cologna mainly focus on? A. Two global datasets. B. People in disaster-affected areas. C. Public trust in science. D. Public support for climate policies. 33. The people who more likely support climate policies. A. read social news regularly B. experience disasters first-hand C. have engaged in the survey D. know clearly of climate impacts 34. What can be done to help support climate policies according to the study? A. More financial support. B. More disaster-climate link reports. C. More attention to weather. D. More accurate weather forecasts. 35. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Experiencing Is Not Enough to Change Views. B. Emergency Responses to Natural Disasters. C. Extreme Weather Is Changing Our Lives. D. Global Surveys on Climate Attitudes. 【答案】32. D 33. D 34. B 35. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项研究发现，亲身经历极端天气本身并不会带来更强的气候政策支持，而公众是否认识到气候变化和极端天气之间的因果关联，才是影响气候政策支持度的关键因素。 32. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The study, published in Nature Climate Change, looked at the question of extreme weather and climate opinion using two global datasets(数据集).(该研究发表在《自然气候变化》杂志上，使用两个全球数据集研究了极端天气和气候看法的问题)”和第四段“The study found most people around the world have experienced heatwaves and heavy rainfall in recent decades. Do people in countries with higher exposure to extreme weather events show greater support for climate policies? This study found they don’t. In most cases, living in a country where more people are exposed to disasters was not reflected in stronger support for climate action.(研究发现，近几十年来，世界各地的大多数人都经历过热浪和暴雨。暴露在极端天气事件中的国家的人们是否对气候政策表现出更大的支持？这项研究发现他们没有。在大多数情况下，生活在一个更多人遭受灾害的国家并没有反映出对气候行动的更强有力的支持)”可知，研究以极端天气经历和公众气候态度为切入点，想要测量公众对气候政策的支持度，故选D。 33. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Crucially, people who more strongly believed climate change had worsened these events were also more likely to support climate policies. In fact, this belief mattered more for policy support than whether they had actually experienced the events firsthand.(至关重要的是，那些更坚信气候变化加剧了这些事件的人也更有可能支持气候政策。事实上，这种信念对于政策支持比他们是否真正亲身经历了这些事件更重要)”可知，比起亲身经历极端天气，更坚信气候变化产生影响的人更加可能会支持气候政策，即清晰认识到气候变化对极端天气的影响的人更可能支持气候政策，故选D。 34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“This study highlights what may affect public thinking: helping people recognize the link between climate change and extreme weather events. In countries such as Australia, climate change makes up only about 1% of media coverage.(这项研究强调了可能影响公众思维的因素：帮助人们认识到气候变化与极端天气事件之间的联系。在澳大利亚等国家，气候变化仅占媒体报道的1%左右)”和“Making these connections clearer may encourage stronger public support for climate action.(使这些联系更加清晰可能会鼓励公众对气候行动给予更强有力的支持)”可知，影响公众态度的关键是让人们认识到气候变化和极端天气的关联，而目前多数媒体报道很少提及这种关联，由此可推测出，要提升公众对气候政策的支持，需要增加“气候变化和灾害的关联”相关报道，故选B。 35. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的问题“Will firsthand experience of these events change how people think and act about climate change, making it seem immediate and local rather than a distant or future problem?(这些事件的亲身经验是否会改变人们对气候变化的看法和行为，使其看起来像是直接和局部的问题，而不是遥远或未来的问题？)”和第四段中的发现“Do people in countries with higher exposure to extreme weather events show greater support for climate policies? This study found they don’t. In most cases, living in a country where more people are exposed to disasters was not reflected in stronger support for climate action.(暴露在极端天气事件中的国家的人们是否对气候政策表现出更大的支持？这项研究发现他们没有。在大多数情况下，生活在一个更多人遭受灾害的国家并没有反映出对气候行动的更强有力的支持)”以及最后一段中的“Making these connections clearer may encourage stronger public support for climate action.(使这些联系更加清晰可能会鼓励公众对气候行动给予更强有力的支持)”可知，亲身经历极端天气本身，不足以改变人们对气候变化的态度、提升对气候政策的支持，只有建立气候变化和极端天气的认知关联才能起到作用。因此最佳标题为选项A“只有经历不足以改变观点”，故选A。 6 (2026·陕西·三模)Everyone has a book inside them, or so the saying goes. In this day and age, those who want help mapping the story out can receive instructions online from some of the world’s most popular authors. And now Agatha Christie, the world’s bestselling writer of fiction, with more than 2 billion copies sold, is instructing viewers in the art of the whodunnit(侦探小说)— even though she died in 1976. Christie’s course is the result not of recently unearthed video footage, but artificial intelligence. BBC Maestro, an online education platform, brought the idea to the Christie family, which still controls 36% of Agatha Christie Ltd. They subsequently authorized BBC to use the image of “Queen of Crime” to teach the mysterious writing style. A team of almost 100, including Christie scholars as well as AI specialists, worked on the project. Vivien Keene, an actress, provided a stand-in for the author; Christie’s face was mapped on top. Crucially, Ms Keene’s credible performance employs only Christie’s words: extracts from her own writings, notebooks and interviews. In this way, the creator of classical characters Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple shares handy writing tips, such as the neatest ways to deal with fictional victims. Be careful of poisons, as each works in a unique way. Beginner authors can “always rely on a dull blow to the head”. Many of Christie’s writing rules concern playing fair. She practised misdirection and laid “false clues” alongside true ones, but insisted that her plots do not cheat or hide key evidence: “I never deceive my readers.” She tells potential writers to use snowstorms to isolate murder scenes(as they bring down telephone wires)and cites the clue-generating value of railway timetables, ink stains and cut-up newspapers. By relying on Christie’s own words, BBC Maestro hopes to avoid charges of deepfakery. At the same time, it is the focus on quotation that limits the course’s value as a creative-writing toolbox. 32. Why is AI used according to the passage? A. To bring a late writer back to life. B. To present a master writing course. C. To promote the image of a famous writer. D. To establish an online education platform. 33. What is the main job of Vivien Keene? A. Creating new stories based on Christie’s works. B. Citing words directly taken from Christie’s documents. C. Using her own facial expressions to match Christie’s words. D. Communicating with a team of Christie scholars and her family. 34. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Christie’s practical security tips. B. Christie’s way of dealing with people. C. Christie’s logic of developing stories. D. Christie’s committed working principles. 35. How does the author view BBC Maestro’s strategy? A. A costly trade-off. B. A creative breakthrough. C. A cautious overreaction. D. A well-intentioned failure. 【答案】32. B 33. B 34. C 35. A 【导语】主要说明了BBC与阿加莎•克里斯蒂家族合作，利用AI技术和档案资料，以虚拟形象重现这位“犯罪女王”，推出写作课程，在避免“深度伪造”争议的同时，向新晋作家传授其独特的创作技巧与理念。 32. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Christie’s course is the result not of recently unearthed video footage, but artificial intelligence. BBC Maestro, an online education platform, brought the idea to the Christie family, which still controls 36% of Agatha Christie Ltd. They subsequently authorized BBC to use the image of “Queen of Crime” to teach the mysterious writing style.(克里斯蒂的这一课程并非基于近期发现的视频资料，而是基于人工智能技术。英国广播公司“大师”在线教育平台将这一想法传达给了克里斯蒂家族，该家族目前仍掌控着阿加莎·克里斯蒂有限公司36%的股份。随后，他们批准英国广播公司使用“犯罪女王”的形象来教授这种神秘的写作风格)”可知，使用AI的目的是呈现克里斯蒂的写作课程，故选B。 33. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Crucially, Ms Keene’s credible performance employs only Christie’s words: extracts from her own writings, notebooks and interviews.(至关重要的是，基恩女士的这部作品采用了克里斯蒂的原话，只是对其进行了适当的删减和整理：这些内容均出自她的著作、笔记以及访谈记录)”可知，Vivien Keene的主要工作是仅使用克里斯蒂本人的文字进行表演，故选B。 34. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“In this way, the creator of classical characters Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple shares handy writing tips, such as the neatest ways to deal with fictional victims. Be careful of poisons, as each works in a unique way. Beginner authors can “always rely on a dull blow to the head”. Many of Christie’s writing rules concern playing fair. She practised misdirection and laid “false clues” alongside true ones, but insisted that her plots do not cheat or hide key evidence: “I never deceive my readers.” She tells potential writers to use snowstorms to isolate murder scenes(as they bring down telephone wires)and cites the clue-generating value of railway timetables, ink stains and cut-up newspapers.(通过这种方式，经典角色赫尔克里·波洛和玛普尔小姐的创作者分享了一些实用的写作技巧，比如处理虚构受害者的最巧妙方法。要小心毒药，因为每种毒药的作用方式都各不相同。初涉写作的作者可以“总是依靠对头部的钝器打击”。克里斯蒂的许多写作规则都涉及公平原则。她运用误导手法，同时设置“虚假线索”和“真实线索”，但坚持自己的情节不会欺骗读者或隐瞒关键证据：“我从不欺骗我的读者。”她告诉潜在的作者要利用暴风雪来隔离犯罪现场(因为暴风雪会压断电线)，并指出铁路时刻表、墨水渍和剪碎的报纸在生成线索方面具有价值)”可知，第四段主要讲了克里斯蒂构建故事的逻辑，故选C。 35. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“By relying on Christie’s own words, BBC Maestro hopes to avoid charges of deepfakery. At the same time, it is the focus on quotation that limits the course’s value as a creative-writing toolbox.(通过引用克里斯蒂自己的原话，英国广播公司“大师”栏目组希望以此避免被指责为深度伪造。同时，对引用内容的过分强调限制了该课程作为创意写作工具包的价值)”可知，作者指出该策略在避免“深度伪造”争议的同时，也因过度依赖引用而限制了课程作为创作工具的价值，这是一种有利有弊的权衡，且这种代价是策略本身固有的，故选A。 7 (2026·四川泸州·三模)Raised in Alabama, Lybarger has found unexpected internet fame by introducing his followers to the ignored world of southeastern plants. A decade ago, he was managing a private land when the owner let him hunt. The land included an open, rocky area, which he decided would be ideal for planting food to bring more deer and wild turkeys there. He then sprayed it with herbicide(除草剂), added soil, put down a feed mix and cut down some trees to let in more light. In the dry, shallow soil, the seeds didn’t take. But around the edges, where he hadn’t sprayed or seeded, the additional sunlight brought a beautiful surprise. “I came back up the next summer and it was just, like, color everywhere,” says Lybarger. “Just, like, really crazy-looking plants that I saw.” After he posted photos of the flowers on Facebook, a local botanist named Kevin England got in touch. On a visit to the land, Lybarger was surprised as England pointed out rare and vulnerable species. Lybarger realized that he had killed off an area with a wild seed bank of countless local species. “That’s when I think managing for biodiversity is probably the best option.” Lybarger found a mission: to save the remains of those lands. Near his friend Eaton’s property, a long strip of dead grass showed where someone had sprayed herbicide along the road. Lybarger asked Eaton to hang a sign instructing people not to mow or spray. A few miles away, Lybarger pointed out another endangered species, leafy prairie clover, that his social media followers had been helpful in protecting. Then, he partnered with an artist to design a T-shirt featuring the plant, hoping to raise awareness and help pay for preservation efforts. Lybarger thinks his biggest contribution comes through education on social media, encouraging people to grow the native plants that best support declining insects. 32. Why did Lybarger first make changes to the private land? A. To remove the weeds. B. To catch more wildlife. C. To win followers online. D. To bring in new species. 33. How did Lybarger get to find the rare species? A. By constant trials. B. By professional skills. C. By an unexpected mistake. D. By considerate planning. 34. What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A. Where Lybarger saved the plants. B. Why natives supported Lybarger’s plan. C. How Lybarger protected the local plants. D. What challenges Lybarger’s mission posed. 35. Which of the following can best describe Lybarger? A. Brave and ambitious. B. Proud and selfless. C. Influential and responsible. D. Thoughtful and honest. 【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. C 【导语】文章主要介绍了Lybarger在改造私人土地时意外发现当地稀有植物，随后通过社交媒体科普、设立保护标识、设计文创等方式保护本土植物与生物多样性，并因此在网络走红的故事。 32. 细节理解题。根据原文第二段“The land included an open, rocky area, which he decided would be ideal for planting food to bring more deer and wild turkeys there.(这片土地有一片开阔的岩石区域，他认为这里非常适合种植食物，以吸引更多的鹿和野生火鸡前来)” 可知，Lybarger最初改造这片私人土地是为了吸引更多野生动物，故选B。 33. 推理判断题。根据原文第四段“On a visit to the land, Lybarger was surprised as England pointed out rare and vulnerable species.”(在参观这片土地时，England指出了稀有且濒危的物种，这让Lybarger感到十分惊讶)”及“Lybarger realized that he had killed off an area with a wild seed bank of countless local species.(Lybarger这才意识到，自己毁掉了一片蕴藏着无数本土物种野生种子库的区域)”可知，Lybarger是因一次意外的失误才发现这些稀有物种的，故选C。 34. 主旨大意题。根据原文第六段“Lybarger asked Eaton to hang a sign instructing people not to mow or spray.(Lybarger让Eaton挂了一个告示牌，告诫人们不要割草或喷洒药剂)”以及“Lybarger pointed out another endangered species(Lybarger指出了另一种濒危物种)”和“Then, he partnered with an artist to design a T-shirt featuring the plant, hoping to raise awareness and help pay for preservation efforts.(随后，他与一位艺术家合作设计了印有这种植物图案的T恤，希望提高人们的保护意识，并为保护工作筹集资金)” 可知，第六段主要讲述了Lybarger是如何保护当地植物的，故选C。 35 推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“Lybarger thinks his biggest contribution comes through education on social media, encouraging people to grow the native plants that best support declining insects.(Lybarger认为他最大的贡献是通过社交媒体进行科普，鼓励人们种植最能支撑日渐减少的昆虫的本土植物)” 以及前文他采取多种措施保护本土植物的行为可知，Lybarger是有影响力且有责任心的，故选C。 8 (2026·广西柳州·三模)That tiny hole off to the side is found in nearly every single-use coffee lid, from small cafes to big chains. And once you understand why it’s there, you’ll wonder how you ever overlooked it. Ideas about the hole’s purpose are various: “It keeps the coffee hotter!” “It’s for the smell!” “It’s just a special detail!” The truth, however, is far more practical but far less attractive than most guesses. That little hole isn’t there to let out the smell or make the lid look well-balanced. It is there to balance pressure. Here’s the basic physics behind it: When you drink from the main hole, liquid leaves the cup. If air cannot replace that volume, pressure builds inside and the flow hesitates, which often causes splashing(溅洒). Lid designers deliberately position the air hole separately from the main opening so that air and liquid follow different paths and do not compete for space. Think of the hole as a tiny opening: It keeps pressure balanced, allowing coffee to flow in a steady stream. Without it, drinking from a closed lid would be much messier. Coffee lids have developed greatly over time. Early forms were simple and leaky; by the 1970s, the rise of takeaway culture pushed producers to improve designs. Safety also played an important role — burn accidents led to better fit and better flow control. By the mid-1980s, specially designed lids with improved structures reduced spills and offered a better drinking experience. “More recently, changes in materials have been driven by the need to reduce plastic while keeping the same function,” packaging expert Stanislav Krykun notes. Environmentally friendly lids now aim to work as well as traditional plastics while causing less harm to the environment. So next time you lift your takeaway coffee and take that first enjoyable drink, give a nod of appreciation to that tiny hole in the lid. It is not just a simple addition; it is working harder than you think. 32. What is the real purpose of the tiny hole on the coffee lid? A. Balancing pressure for smooth drinking. B. Releasing the pleasant smell of coffee. C. Keeping the coffee hotter for longer. D. Making the lid design look well-balanced. 33. Why does the author mention designers’ work in paragraph 3? A. To argue that designers prefer such lid structures. B. To illustrate the engineering solution for smooth flow. C. To explain the process of positioning the air hole in the lid. D. To stress the role of air flow in keeping pressure balanced. 34. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The safety problems of early coffee lids. B. The materials used for coffee lids over time. C. The reasons for the popularity of takeaway coffee culture. D. The driving forces behind lid design improvements. 35. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A. Enjoy the taste of takeaway coffee. B. Design a lid to attract more customers. C. Pay attention to environmental protection. D. Recognize the small detail’s practical value. 【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章揭示了咖啡杯盖上小孔的真实功能是平衡压力以确保饮用顺畅，并介绍了杯盖设计如何随时间演变，其改进主要受到外卖文化、安全需求和环保压力的推动。 32. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“It is there to balance pressure. Here’s the basic physics behind it: When you drink from the main hole, liquid leaves the cup. If air cannot replace that volume, pressure builds inside and the flow hesitates, which often causes splashing(溅洒).(其作用在于平衡压力。以下是其背后的基本原理：当你通过主孔饮用时，液体会从杯中流出。如果空气无法补充这一容积，杯内的压力就会增大，液体的流动就会变得迟缓，这往往会导致溅洒的情况发生)”可知，咖啡杯盖上小孔的真实目的是为了平衡压力，以便顺畅饮用，故选A。 33. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Lid designers deliberately position the air hole separately from the main opening so that air and liquid follow different paths and do not compete for space. Think of the hole as a tiny opening: It keeps pressure balanced, allowing coffee to flow in a steady stream. Without it, drinking from a closed lid would be much messier.(盖子设计师特意将气孔与主开口分开设置，这样空气和液体就能沿着不同的路径流动，避免相互占用空间。可以把这个气孔想象成一个极小的开口：它能保持压力平衡，使咖啡能够以稳定的流速流出。如果没有这个气孔，用封闭的盖子喝咖啡会更加混乱不堪)”可知，这里描述了设计师如何特意将气孔与主饮用孔分开，以此作为解决压力不平衡导致咖啡溅洒的具体方案，因此提到设计师的工作是为了说明实现顺畅饮用的工程解决方案，故选B。 34. 主旨大意题。根据第四段中“Early forms were simple and leaky; by the 1970s, the rise of takeaway culture pushed producers to improve designs. Safety also played an important role — burn accidents led to better fit and better flow control. By the mid-1980s, specially designed lids with improved structures reduced spills and offered a better drinking experience. “More recently, changes in materials have been driven by the need to reduce plastic while keeping the same function,” packaging expert Stanislav Krykun notes.(早期的外形较为简单且存在漏洞；到了20世纪70年代，外卖文化的兴起促使生产商改进设计。安全性也起到了重要作用——烧伤事故促使设计更加贴合、更好地控制液体流动。到20世纪80年代中期，专门设计的带有改进结构的盖子减少了液体泄漏，提供了更好的饮用体验。包装专家Stanislav Krykun指出：“近年来，材料的变化是由减少塑料用量的同时保持相同功能的需求所驱动的。”)”可知，这里按时间顺序概述了咖啡杯盖的演变，并指出了推动这些设计改进的几大因素，故选D。 35. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“So next time you lift your takeaway coffee and take that first enjoyable drink, give a nod of appreciation to that tiny hole in the lid. It is not just a simple addition; it is working harder than you think.(所以下次当你拿起外卖咖啡，品尝那第一口美味饮品时，不妨向那个咖啡杯盖上的小孔致以感谢之礼。它不仅仅是一个简单的加法；它所发挥的作用远超你的想象)”可知，作者建议读者认识到这个小细节的实用价值，故选D。 9 (2026·广东惠州·模拟预测)Almost one in five adults in the US lives with a mental illness. A number of scientific studies have shown that nature experiences may benefit people’s psychological well-being and cognitive(认知的)function. Experts are starting to recognize interacting with nature as one way to improve mental health. But it has been difficult to find ways to quantify these benefits in a useful manner for cities or organizations that want to integrate nature to improve mental health. “Thinking about the direct mental health benefits that nature contact provides is important to take into account when planning how to conserve nature and integrate it into our cities,” says Greg Bratman, an assistant professor at the University of Washington, offers a conceptual model for this in his study. The study outlines how city planners, landscape architects, developers, and others could eventually anticipate the mental health impacts of decisions related to the environment. Many governments already consider this with regard to other aspects of human health. For example, trees planted in cities improve air quality or reduce urban heat island effects, and parks built in specific neighborhoods encourage physical activity. But these actions don’t usually directly factor in the mental health benefits that trees or a restored park might provide. Then researchers built a model to help make meaningful, informed decisions about environmental projects and how they may impact mental health. It includes four steps for planners to consider: elements of nature included in a project, say at a school or across the whole city; amount of contact people will have with nature; how people interact with nature; and how people may benefit from those interactions, based on the latest scientific evidence. “If the evidence shows that nature contact helps to buffer(缓冲)against negative impacts from other environmental predictors of health, then access to these landscapes can be considered a matter of environmental justice. We hope this framework will contribute to this discussion,” Bratman says. “Eventually, it could be developed and potentially used to help address health disparities in underserved communities.” 32. What challenges planners in using nature to improve mental health? A. The high cost of green space projects. B. The difficulty in measuring the benefits. C. The lack of scientific studies on nature. D. The low awareness of mental illnesses. 33. What is the purpose of Bratman’s conceptual model? A. To help decide on environmental issues. B. To show benefits of nature for mental health. C. To seek medical treatment for mental illnesses. D. To replace traditional urban planning methods. 34. What should the government consider in environmental projects according to the model? A. Increasing the number of urban communities. B. Simplifying natural elements in the community. C. Giving people advice on how to interact with nature. D. Calculating the frequency of people’s nature contact. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Mental Health Crisis: More Green Spaces Needed B. Mental Illness Treatment: A Global Challenge C. Happiness Measurement: Studies in Urban Parks D. Nature and Well-being: A New Tool for City Planners 【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究证实自然有益心理健康，并提出相关模型供城市规划使用。 32. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“But it has been difficult to find ways to quantify these benefits in a useful manner for cities or organizations that want to integrate nature to improve mental health.(但是，对于那些希望融入自然以改善心理健康的城市或机构而言，一直难以找到有效的方法来量化这些益处)”可知，规划者在使用自然改善心理健康方面面临的挑战是难以量化其益处，故选B。 33. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The study outlines how city planners, landscape architects, developers, and others could eventually anticipate the mental health impacts of decisions related to the environment.(这项研究概述了城市规划者、景观设计师、开发商及其他人员，最终如何预测环境相关决策对心理健康的影响)”以及第四段中“Then researchers built a model to help make meaningful, informed decisions about environmental projects and how they may impact mental health.(随后，研究人员建立了一个模型，以帮助针对环境项目及其对心理健康的潜在影响，做出有意义、有依据的决策)”可知，该模型的目的是帮助就环境问题做出决定，故选A。 34. 推理判断题。根据第四段“It includes four steps for planners to consider: elements of nature included in a project, say at a school or across the whole city; amount of contact people will have with nature; how people interact with nature; and how people may benefit from those interactions, based on the latest scientific evidence.(该模型包括供规划者考虑的四个步骤：基于最新的科学证据，考虑项目中包含的自然元素(例如在一所学校或整个城市范围内)；人们与自然接触的频率；人们如何与自然互动；以及人们可能从这些互动中获得的益处)”可知，根据这个模型，政府在环境项目中应该考虑人们与自然接触的频率，故选D。 35. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“A number of scientific studies have shown that nature experiences may benefit people’s psychological well-being and cognitive(认知的)function. Experts are starting to recognize interacting with nature as one way to improve mental health. But it has been difficult to find ways to quantify these benefits in a useful manner for cities or organizations that want to integrate nature to improve mental health.(多项科学研究表明，体验自然有益于人们的心理健康和认知功能。专家们开始认可与自然互动是改善心理健康的一种方式。但是，对于那些希望融入自然以改善心理健康的城市或机构而言，一直难以找到有效的方法来量化这些益处)”可知，全文围绕“如何量化自然对心理健康的益处”这一难题展开，介绍了研究人员为此构建的一个帮助城市规划者进行环境决策的模型，强调自然与幸福感之间的联系以及为规划者提供的新工具。D选项“自然与健康：城市规划者的新工具”符合文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题，故选D。 10 (2026·四川泸州·三模)In late January, an Alphabet-owned Waymo self-driving car was going near an elementary school in Santa Monica, California, when a young child rushed into the street. Waymo’s LiDAR sensors(传感器)detected the student, who had just emerged from behind a SUV, but it was too late. Despite hitting the brakes, the driverless car struck the child. In this case, the Waymo detected the child once they came into view — but what if it could have “seen” them from around the corner? That is the general idea behind a new research in the University of Pennsylvania, where engineers have developed a sensor system that uses radio waves to help robots detect objects hidden behind walls. Most emerging self-driving vehicles rely on a combination of cameras, radar, and LiDAR sensors to “see” the world around them. But LiDAR has limitations. Large buildings or other obstacles can block its laser pulses, a kind of light signals, preventing it from detecting what is hidden around a corner. To solve that problem, researchers decided to explore a special approach: radio waves. Radio waves sent out by a robot that strike a wall or other surface are much larger than the small surface variations on that wall. As a result, only part of the radio signal continues past the barrier, while a significant part is reflected back toward its source. This effect essentially causes surfaces to behave like mirrors, reflecting radio signals in predictable patterns. To collect all that data, the researchers developed a two-part AI model that first wipes out unnecessary information and makes informed assumptions about what is hidden around the corner. The system then reconstructs a 3D model, providing it with a visual representation of what lies behind the wall. Though the research is still in its early stages, the team takes an upbeat view that its sensor system could be integrated into robots to navigate complicated surroundings. For self-driving cars, it just might make the difference in preventing a future collision. 32. What mainly caused the accident? A. The brakes broke down. B. The sensors spotted the child too late. C. The car ran too fast to stop. D. The kid ignored the road safety rule. 33. How is a radio wave sensor system different from a LiDAR system? A. It sends laser pulses to detect objects. B. It relies on the mirrors to form a view. C. It controls the light to come in and out. D. It allows some signals to go past and back. 34. What does the underlined word “upbeat” in the last paragraph mean? A. Optimistic. B. Valid. C. Conservative. D. Skeptical. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Waymo’s Progress in Detection Research B. Seeing Around the Corner: Safer Self-driving C. A Traffic Case Caused by Autonomous Vehicles D. Magical Robots: New Methods to Avoid Accidents 【答案】32. B 33. D 34. A 35. B 【导语】文章主要介绍了一起无人驾驶汽车因未能及时探测到障碍物后突然冲出的儿童而引发事故，由此引出宾夕法尼亚大学研发的无线电波传感器系统，该系统可探测墙体后方隐藏物体，有望提升自动驾驶安全性。 32. 细节理解题。根据原文第一段“Waymo’s LiDAR sensors detected the student, who had just emerged from behind a SUV, but it was too late.(韦莫公司的激光雷达传感器探测到了这名刚从一辆运动型多用途汽车后面冲出来的孩子，但已经太晚了)” 可知，传感器未能及时探测到冲出来的孩子是造成这起事故的主要原因，故选B。 33. 细节理解题。根据原文第三段“Radio waves sent out by a robot ... As a result, only part of the radio signal continues past the barrier, while a significant part is reflected back toward its source.(机器人发射的无线电波……因此，只有一部分无线电信号继续穿过障碍物，而相当大一部分会被反射回信号源)”可知，无线电波传感器系统与激光雷达系统的不同之处在于它能让部分信号穿过并反射回来，故选D。 34. 词义猜测题。根据原文最后一段“Though the research is still in its early stages, the team takes an upbeat view that its sensor system could be integrated into robots to navigate complicated surroundings.(尽管这项研究仍处于早期阶段，但该团队持upbeat态度，认为其传感器系统可以被集成到机器人中，以在复杂环境中导航)”可知，前后构成让步转折，说明团队的态度是积极，乐观的。upbeat应表示“乐观的”，与Optimistic同义，故选A。 35 主旨大意题(最佳标题)。根据原文第二段“what if it could have “seen” them from around the corner? That is the general idea behind a new research in the University of Pennsylvania(如果它能“看到”拐角处的他们呢？这正是宾夕法尼亚大学一项新研究的核心理念)” 以及最后一段“For self-driving cars, it just might make the difference in preventing a future collision.(对于自动驾驶汽车来说，这可能会在预防未来碰撞方面起到关键作用)”并结合全文内容可知，文章介绍了宾夕法尼亚大学研发的无线电波传感器系统，该系统可探测墙体后方隐藏物体，有望提升自动驾驶安全性。故最合适的标题是“看穿拐角：更安全的自动驾驶”，故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 考前冲刺练01阅读四选一 说明：共156个词条。两个词汇表中的词汇尽量不重复。 选自2025版新课标增加的词汇 (侧重熟词僻义) 序号 英语 音标 词性+中文释义 1 bug /bʌɡ/ n.电脑程序漏洞；小虫子，烦扰 2 chip /tʃɪp/ n.芯片，集成电路片；薯片，碎片 3 compass /ˈkʌmpəs/ n.指南针，罗盘；(复数)圆规，范围 4 electric /ɪˈlektrɪk/ adj.电的，电动的；令人兴奋的，刺激的 5 elevator /ˈelɪveɪtə(r)/ n.电梯(AmE)；(比喻)提升物，促进因素 6 eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ v.消除，排除；淘汰，干掉 7 gene /dʒiːn/ n.基因；(比喻)遗传因子，本质 8 intellectual /ˌɪntəˈlektʃuəl/ adj./n.知识分子，脑力劳动者；智力的，需用脑力的 9 dam /dæm/ n.水坝，堤坝 v.阻碍，抑制 10 fog /fɒɡ/ n.雾；迷雾 v.困惑 11 fertile /ˈfɜːtaɪl/ adj.肥沃的，富饶的；有创造力的，多产的 12 highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n.高速公路；(比喻)捷径，重要途径 13 irrigation /ˌɪrɪˈɡeɪʃn/ n.灌溉；(比喻)滋润，滋养 14 lightning /ˈlaɪtnɪŋ/ n.闪电 adj.极快的，瞬间的 15 livestock /ˈlaɪvstɒk/ n.家畜，牲畜；饲养动物统称(区别野生动物) 16 marine /məˈriːn/ adj.海洋的，海生的；海军的，海事的 17 migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n.鸟类动物迁徙；人口迁移，移居 18 proportion /prəˈpɔːʃn/ n.比例，比重；部分，份额，相称 19 tropical /ˈtrɒpɪkl/ adj.热带的；炎热的，充满热情的 20 wetland /ˈwetlænd/ n.湿地；沼泽地，(生态保护术语)滩涂 21 bias /ˈbaɪəs/ n.偏见，偏心 v.偏向，倾向 22 bully /ˈbʊli/ n.欺凌，欺凌者， v.威逼，胁迫，欺负他人 23 collaborate /kəˈlæbəreɪt/ v.合作，协作；(贬义)勾结，通敌 24 controversial /ˌkɒntrəˈvɜːʃl/ adj.有争议的，引发争论的；(非正式)容易招骂的 25 dedicate /ˈdedɪkeɪt/ v.致力于，献身于；题献，献给 26 empathy /ˈempəθi/ n.共情，同理心；共鸣，感同身受 27 ethical /ˈeθɪkl/ adj.道德的，伦理的；合乎职业道德的 28 ethnic /ˈeθnɪk/ adj.种族的，民族的；具有民族特色的 29 gender /ˈdʒendə(r)/ n.性别；性别角色 30 mutual /ˈmjuːtʃuəl/ adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的 31 neutral /ˈnjuːtrəl/ adj.中立的，中性的；(化学)中性的，无彩色的 n.颜色 32 religion /rɪˈlɪdʒən/ n.宗教，宗教信仰；(比喻)极度热爱的事物 33 servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ n.仆人，佣人；服务于……的事物 34 metaphor /ˈmetəfə(r)/ n.隐喻，暗喻；象征 35 monument /ˈmɒnjumənt/ n.纪念碑，纪念物；(比喻)不朽之作，典范 36 myth /mɪθ/ n.神话，神话故事；荒诞说法，虚构人/事 37 orchestra /ˈɔːkɪstrə/ n.管弦乐队；(比喻)协调运作的群体 38 portrait /ˈpɔːtreɪt/ n.肖像，画像；描绘，写照 39 rhythm /ˈrɪðəm/ n.节奏，韵律；规律，节拍 40 patriotism /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/ n.爱国主义，爱国精神；爱国情怀 41 reinforce /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːs/ v.加强，巩固；增援，补充 42 revitalize /ˌriːˈvaɪtəlaɪz/ v.使复兴，焕发生机；恢复活力 43 rival /ˈraɪvl/ n.竞争对手，匹敌者 v.与……匹敌，比得上 44 transition /trænˈzɪʃn/ n./v.过渡，转变；(物理)跃迁，(音乐)转调 45 bin /bɪn/ n.垃圾桶，箱子 v.扔掉，丢弃 46 butterfly /ˈbʌtəflaɪ/ n.蝴蝶；(比喻)轻浮的人，蝶式游泳 47 chore /tʃɔː(r)/ n.家务杂事；乏味的工作 48 cucumber /ˈkjuːkʌmbə(r)/ n.黄瓜 (习语)as cool as a cucumber镇定自若 49 ingredient /ɪnˈɡriːdiənt/ n.食材，原料；要素，因素 50 lip /lɪp/ n.嘴唇；(容器的)边缘，说空话 51 mall /mɔːl/ n.购物中心；(AmE)林荫大道 52 mutton /ˈmʌtn/ n.羊肉 (习语)mutton dressed as lamb老来俏 53 oven /ˈʌvn/ n.烤箱，烤炉；(比喻)闷热的地方 54 pants /pænts/ n.(AmE)裤子；(英式俚语)内裤 55 penguin /ˈpeŋɡwɪn/ n.企鹅；非正式 穿着笔挺的矮胖男人 56 pizza /ˈpiːtsə/ n.披萨，比萨饼；(比喻)混合体 57 porridge /ˈpɒrɪdʒ/ n.粥，麦片粥；(比喻)乏味的东西 58 sauce /sɔːs/ n.酱汁，调味汁；(俚语)勇气，魄力 59 sore /sɔː(r)/ adj.疼痛的，酸痛的 60 spicy /ˈspaɪsi/ adj.辛辣的，麻辣的；充满活力的，刺激的 61 dawn /dɔːn/ n.黎明，拂晓 v.开始，开端，被意识到 62 helicopter /ˈhelɪkɒptə(r)/ n.直升机；(比喻)空中救援者，直升机父母 63 pagoda /pəˈɡəʊdə/ n.佛塔，宝塔；特定风格 多层塔楼 64 shell /ʃel/ n.贝壳，壳 v.剥壳，炮击 65 tomb /tuːm/ n.坟墓，陵墓；(比喻)死寂的地方 选自各地最新高考模拟试题 (侧重科技环保方面的词汇) 序号 英语 音标 词性+中文释义 1 acid rain / n.酸雨 2 algorithm /ˈælgərɪðəm/ n.算法 3 autonomous /ɔːˈtɒnəməs/ adj.自主运行的；自动驾驶的 4 authorize /ˈɔːθəraɪz/ v.授权；正式批准 5 basin /ˈbeɪsn/ n.流域；盆地 6 behavioural /bɪˈheɪvjərəl/ adj.行为的；行为科学的 7 biodiversity /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːsəti/ n.生物多样性 8 biodegradable /ˌbaɪəʊdɪˈɡreɪdəbl/ adj.可生物降解的 9 botanist /ˈbɒtənɪst/ n.植物学家 10 buffer /ˈbʌfə(r)/ v.缓冲；减轻负面影响 11 captive breeding / n.圈养繁殖 12 carbon footprint / n.碳足迹 13 carbon neutrality / n.碳中和 14 carbon peaking / n.碳达峰 15 cardiovascular /ˌkɑːdiəʊˈvæskjələ(r)/ adj.心血管的 16 cellular /ˈseljələ(r)/ adj.细胞的；细胞层面的 17 circularity /ˌsɜːkjəˈlærəti/ n.循环性；循环利用 18 cognitive /ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ adj.认知的；感知的 19 collision /kəˈlɪʒn/ n.碰撞；相撞 20 conceptual /kənˈseptʃuəl/ adj.概念性的；理论架构的 21 conservationist /ˌkɒnsəˈveɪʃnɪst/ n.环保主义者 22 contraction /kənˈtrækʃn/ n.收缩；肌肉挛缩 23 crude /kruːd/ adj.未加工的；天然原油的 24 decarbonize /ˌdiːˈkɑːbənaɪz/ v.脱碳；减少碳排放 25 deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ n.森林砍伐 26 demonstrate /ˈdemənstreɪt/ v.证明；展示 27 desertification /dɪˌzɜːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃn/ n.沙漠化 28 disparity /dɪˈspærəti/ n.差异；健康差距 29 dispose /dɪˈspəʊz/ v.处理；处置 30 downcycling /ˈdaʊnsaɪklɪŋ/ n.降级再造 31 ecological /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ adj.生态的；生态学的 32 ecological balance / n.生态平衡 33 ecologist /iˈkɒlədʒɪst/ n.生态学家 34 ecosystem /ˈiːkəʊsɪstəm/ n.生态系统 35 engineered /ˌendʒɪˈnɪəd/ adj.人工工程合成的 36 erosion /ɪˈrəʊʒn/ n.侵蚀 37 estimate /ˈestɪmeɪt/ v.估计 38 fibrous /ˈfaɪbrəs/ adj.纤维的；含纤维的 39 green hydrogen / n.绿色氢能 40 habitat destruction / n.栖息地破坏 41 haze /heɪz/ n.雾霾 42 herbicide /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ n.除草剂 43 high-resolution /haɪ ˌrezəˈluːʃn/ adj.高分辨率的 44 humidity /hjuːˈmɪdəti/ n.湿度；湿气 45 hybrid /ˈhaɪbrɪd/ adj./n.混合的；混合动力车 46 hydrogen fuel cell / n.氢燃料电池 47 hypothesis /haɪˈpɒθəsɪs/ n.假设 48 impairment /ɪmˈpeəmənt/ n.细胞损伤；功能障碍 49 integrate /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ v.整合；融合 50 integration /ˌɪntɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n.集成；传感融合 51 intake /ˈɪnteɪk/ n.吸入量；摄入量 52 landfill /ˈlændfɪl/ n.废弃物填埋场 53 misdirection /ˌmɪsdəˈrekʃn/ n.误导；线索误导 54 mow /məʊ/ v.割草；修剪草木 55 muscular /ˈmʌskjələ(r)/ adj.肌肉的 56 non-renewable resources / n.不可再生资源 57 organism /ˈɔːɡənɪzəm/ n.生物体；有机体 58 ozone layer depletion / n.臭氧层破坏 59 perception /pəˈsepʃn/ n.认知；价值观感 60 pernicious /pəˈnɪʃəs/ adj.有害的；恶性连锁的 61 plateau /ˈplætəʊ/ n.稳定水平；平台期 62 pollutant /pəˈluːtənt/ n.污染物 63 predictably /prɪˈdɪktəbli/ adv.可预测地 64 quantify /ˈkwɒntɪfaɪ/ v.量化；定量分析 65 recede /rɪˈsiːd/ v.消退；减弱 66 reconstruction /ˌriːkənˈstrʌkʃn/ n.三维重构；影像重建 67 remodeling /ˌriːˈmɒdlɪŋ/ n.组织重塑；结构改造 68 renewable /rɪˈnjuːəbl/ adj.可再生的 69 retrospect /ˈretrəspekt/ n.回顾；追溯 70 reveal /rɪˈviːl/ v.揭示 71 sewage /ˈsuːɪdʒ/ n.污水；下水道污物 72 silicon-based /ˈsɪlɪkən beɪst/ adj.硅基的 73 simulation /ˌsɪmjuˈleɪʃn/ n.模拟；仿真推演 74 smart grid /smɑːt ɡrɪd/ n.智能电网 75 sociogenomics /ˌsəʊsiəʊdʒɪˈnɒmɪks/ n.社会基因组学 76 spatial /ˈspeɪʃl/ adj.空间的 77 spiral system / n.螺旋式再利用系统 78 terminology /ˌtɜːmɪˈnɒlədʒi/ n.(专业)术语 79 three-dimensional /ˌθriː dɪˈmenʃənl/ adj.三维的；立体的 80 tissue /ˈtɪʃuː/ n.生物组织 81 transmit /trænzˈmɪt/ v.发射；信号传输 82 treatment plant / n.处理厂 83 underserved /ˌʌndəˈsɜːvd/ adj.资源供给不足的 84 unfiltered /ʌnˈfɪltəd/ adj.未经过滤的 85 upbeat /ˈʌpbiːt/ adj.乐观的；积极向上的；欢快的；朝气蓬勃的 n.乐观情绪；兴旺局面 86 upcycling /ˈʌpsaɪklɪŋ/ n.升级再造 87 vegetation /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃn/ n.植被；植物 88 verify /ˈverɪfaɪ/ v.证实 89 vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbl/ adj.易危的；脆弱的 90 waste disposal / n.废物处理 91 waste-to-energy /weɪst tu ˈenədʒi/ adj.以垃圾作为能源的 (题目序号同新课标I卷D篇) 1 (2026·四川内江·三模)Scientists have created a three-dimensional “heart-on-a-chip”(HOC)that could provide a breakthrough in the fight against the world’s leading cause of death, cardiovascular(心血管)disease. One major challenge is that we cannot easily test how a human heart will react to a drug or disease without putting someone at risk. This engineered heart tissue beats on its own, it releases chemicals to start muscular activity, and it responds predictably to common drugs. It’s the first to include a two-way sensing platform that provides real-time tracking of activity throughout the heart tissue down to the cellular level. In a recent paper, scientists from multiple Canadian institutions describe how they achieved this “significant advance in heart tissue engineering and drug testing.” The key advance here is the integration of sensors that can detect both large-area and small-area heart activity. Both current HOC platforms and the research team’s previous version, described in a 2024 paper, lack high-resolution cellular-level sensing. Small-area sensing is vital because many cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are associated with impairment in heart muscle cells, the individual beating cells that form heart muscle tissue. As a result, measuring cellular function is critical for preventing heart failure in patients with CVDs. To build their HOCs, the researchers harvested heart muscle cells and heart connective tissue cells from lab animals. They placed these cells into a soft structure rich in fibrous proteins and nutrients to stimulate growth, and then seeded them on tiny, flexible silicon-based chips(芯片). This is a major step toward testing diseases in the lab, since cell-generated forces govern the development of heart tissues, including their formation, remodeling, contraction efficiency, wound healing, and cancer progression. Next, the researchers plan to model specific disorders by building heart tissues using cells from patients living with various heart conditions. These include a type of genetic heart muscle disease that can lead to heart failure, as well as irregular heartbeats, an umbrella of disorders that cause heart rate abnormalities. 32. How does the new HOC differ from earlier versions? A. It uses human patient cells. B. It beats with external help. C. It senses cellular heart activity. D. It uses more flexible materials. 33. What does the underlined word “impairment” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Abnormal working. B. Quick recovery. C. Natural growth. D. Regular beating. 34. What do the researchers intend to do with HOCs? A. Replace animal testing. B. Grow full hearts for patients. C. Cure DNA-based heart diseases. D. Study patient-specific heart diseases. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. The New Methods to Build 3D hearts B. A Fresh Process for Heart Drug Testing C. An Innovation in Heart Tissue Engineering D. The Fight Against Cardiovascular Diseases 2 (2026·上海黄浦·二模)Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture(环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences. Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other. The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics. Despite being a relatively new area of study, it has the potential to rewrite a great deal of what we think we know about who we are and how we got that way. Genes don’t affect who we become just on their own, inside our bodies — they work, in part, by shaping the environments we look for or produce. At other times, the nature-nurture feedback circle may be more pernicious. It’s no surprise that terrible setbacks — the loss of a job, the end of a marriage — can cause people to fall into depression. I was astonished to learn, however, that people with a high genetic tendency for depression are more likely to encounter these setbacks, which in turn contribute to their depression. That’s not to say that any of it is their fault, just that the way we’re supported and the world we pilot are closely linked. Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade — even among those students who didn’t personally know those classmates. Genes alone aren’t enough to determine these outcomes and neither is environment. Nature and nurture both shape each other, with nature influencing the way we experience nurture and nurture influencing the way our nature expresses itself. The more opportunities and information the environment provides — the more varied environments become — the greater the influence that genetic variation has in sorting us into different categories. Nature and nurture aren’t separate forces — they’re endlessly circling back on each other. 32. Prior to the emergence of sociogenomics, it was widely believed that ________. A. genes and environment functioned separately B. there was no clear line between nature and nurture C. environment shaped our perception of who we are D. nature mattered more than nurture for personal growth 33. The underlined word “pernicious”(paragraph 4)is closest in meaning to “________”. A. disastrous B. generative C. pointless D. questionable 34. It can be inferred that the research shocked the writer by suggesting that ________. A. our genes may change because of the people we live with B. nature determines our behaviour just as much as nurture does C. people with the same genes are more likely to interact with each other D. the genes of people around us can affect the environment we experience 35. Which of the following pictures correctly illustrates how nature and nurture make us who we are? A. B. C. D. 3 (2026·山东·模拟预测)At the newspaper I worked with, the topic on which my colleagues and I were most frequently asked to write was “information overload” and no, the irony(讽刺)wasn’t lost on us that publishing thousands of words on the problem was hardly going to help. It was obvious that the internet would dramatically worsen the problem of there being far too much to read. But it wouldn’t last, because soon there’d be better technology to help us find the information we really value. The real trouble wasn’t information overload but “filter(过滤)failure”. All we really needed and would likely soon get — were better ways to filter the digital wheat from the chaff(壳). It didn’t exactly work out that way. What happened, instead, was the ‘efficiency trap’. It’s true that the filters got much better: technologies such as Amazon’s recommendation engine are an excellent way to discover things to read, while social media, at its best, is like having thousands of unpaid assistants searching the globe for content you’re likely to find particularly fascinating. But the result hasn’t been better. It’s easy to wonder if the solution might lie in consuming things more quickly, perhaps by listening to audiobooks on double-speed, or by pursuing the dream of learning to speed-read.(Recall Woody Allen’s line about taking a speed-reading course, then tackling War and Peace: “It’s about Russia.”)But there’s far too much content for that. ‘You will never be efficient enough to hear it all before you die.’ Fortunately, there are pieces of advice for navigating a world of endless information. Treat your to-read pile like a river, not a bucket — select freely without guilt. Focus not on collecting facts but on how reading reshapes your thinking. Most importantly, enjoy the present joy of reading; not every text must serve future gains to be worthwhile. 32. What does “the irony wasn’t lost on us” in paragraph 1 imply? A. The writers had been very successful. B. The writers knew their articles didn’t make sense. C. The writers liked using jokes to talk about the topic. D. The writers thought their articles would fix the problem. 33. What does the author think of the filtering technology? A. It is a perfect solution. B. It doesn’t fix the problem. C. It leads to efficiency trap. D. It is ineffective and risky. 34. The author mentions Woody Allen’s line to ________. A. recommend a reading solution B. criticize quick reading C. compare different reading methods D. encourage audiobooks 35. What does the author suggest regarding information overload? A. Adopt a new mindset. B. Select useful texts. C. Consume content faster. D. Focus on quantity. 4 (2026·陕西·三模)Solutions to the plastic waste crisis are often presented using words that can unfairly influence how we judge them, new research argues. The paper, authored by the Sustainable Materials Innovation Hub at The University of Manchester, explores how the choice of terminology affects our understanding of end-of-life solutions for plastic waste. While recycling has long been promoted as a solution for plastic sustainability, it comes in many forms, and can sometimes hide the real discussions around sustainability. The researchers, Seitzinger, Lahive, and Shaver, find that directional terms such as “upcycling” and “downcycling” lack clear definitions as value judgments, and that their use can twist perceptions of the benefits, potentially creating a barrier to circularity. “Downcycling,” for example, suggests the production of a less desirable or “less good” material as the final product of the recycling process, while “upcycling” carries positive associations. However, despite what these terms suggest, a downcycled stream may actually produce a high-value product, while an upcycled approach may have a greater negative environmental impact than other methods. Using these terms assigns unfair value to certain end-of-life plastic solution strategies, and can be used by supporters or opponents of different recycling technologies to hide genuine evaluation of their environmental impact. The study, published in the journal Cambridge Prisms: Plastics, suggests that plastic waste solutions consistently fail to live up to their marketed messaging, and that clearer communication of the true value of the product from a recycling process is essential to encourage investment in proper plastic waste management. The researchers argue that no single solution offers a quick fix, and that it is wrong for the terminology to suggest otherwise. They call for greater clarity over how we judge end-products. They suggest a “spiral system” of reuse, in which plastic materials are treated as complex mixtures like crude oil, rather than simple goods. By moving away from direction-loaded terminology, plastic waste solutions can be judged on measurable environmental and economic value of the final product, rather than an assumed or subjective value based on language that is not always supported by full life-cycle assessment or economic analysis. 32. What does the research find about “upcycling” and “downcycling”? A. They are merely scientifically defined. B. They may mislead people’s judgment. C. They measure environmental impact. D. They promote all plastic solutions. 33. What can be learned from the example of “downcycled” materials? A. They tend to bring inferior final products. B. They can generate high-value products. C. They harm the environment seriously. D. They represent more advanced technology. 34. Why does the author suggest a “spiral system” of reuse? A. To simplify plastic waste management. B. To treat plastics as simple goods. C. To avoid judgment based on loaded terms. D. To replace all current recycling methods. 35. What does the author call for in the passage? A. Stopping the use of plastic materials. B. Developing more recycling technologies. C. Judging recycling by measurable value. D. Promoting upcycling over downcycling. 5 (2026·河南许昌·三模)Climate change has made extreme weather events such as bush fires and floods more frequent and more likely in recent years. Will firsthand experience of these events change how people think and act about climate change, making it seem immediate and local rather than a distant or future problem? New research led by Viktoria Cologna at ETH Zurich in Switzerland may help to explain what’s going on. The study, published in Nature Climate Change, looked at the question of extreme weather and climate opinion using two global datasets(数据集). The Trust in Science and Science-related Populism(TISP)survey measures public support for climate policies and the extent that people think climate change is behind increases in extreme weather. The survey asked people how much they supported five specific actions to cut carbon emissions(排放). On average, support was fairly strong, with an average rating of 2.37 across the five policies. The study found most people around the world have experienced heatwaves and heavy rainfall in recent decades. Do people in countries with higher exposure to extreme weather events show greater support for climate policies? This study found they don’t. In most cases, living in a country where more people are exposed to disasters was not reflected in stronger support for climate action. Crucially, people who more strongly believed climate change had worsened these events were also more likely to support climate policies. In fact, this belief mattered more for policy support than whether they had actually experienced the events firsthand. This study highlights what may affect public thinking: helping people recognize the link between climate change and extreme weather events. In countries such as Australia, climate change makes up only about 1% of media coverage. What’s more, most of the coverage focuses on social or political aspects rather than scientific, ecological, or economic impacts. Many stories about disasters linked to climate change also fail to mention the link, or indeed mention climate change at all. Making these connections clearer may encourage stronger public support for climate action. 32. What does the research led by Viktoria Cologna mainly focus on? A. Two global datasets. B. People in disaster-affected areas. C. Public trust in science. D. Public support for climate policies. 33. The people who more likely support climate policies. A. read social news regularly B. experience disasters first-hand C. have engaged in the survey D. know clearly of climate impacts 34. What can be done to help support climate policies according to the study? A. More financial support. B. More disaster-climate link reports. C. More attention to weather. D. More accurate weather forecasts. 35. What could be the best title for the passage? A. Experiencing Is Not Enough to Change Views. B. Emergency Responses to Natural Disasters. C. Extreme Weather Is Changing Our Lives. D. Global Surveys on Climate Attitudes. 6 (2026·陕西·三模)Everyone has a book inside them, or so the saying goes. In this day and age, those who want help mapping the story out can receive instructions online from some of the world’s most popular authors. And now Agatha Christie, the world’s bestselling writer of fiction, with more than 2 billion copies sold, is instructing viewers in the art of the whodunnit(侦探小说)— even though she died in 1976. Christie’s course is the result not of recently unearthed video footage, but artificial intelligence. BBC Maestro, an online education platform, brought the idea to the Christie family, which still controls 36% of Agatha Christie Ltd. They subsequently authorized BBC to use the image of “Queen of Crime” to teach the mysterious writing style. A team of almost 100, including Christie scholars as well as AI specialists, worked on the project. Vivien Keene, an actress, provided a stand-in for the author; Christie’s face was mapped on top. Crucially, Ms Keene’s credible performance employs only Christie’s words: extracts from her own writings, notebooks and interviews. In this way, the creator of classical characters Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple shares handy writing tips, such as the neatest ways to deal with fictional victims. Be careful of poisons, as each works in a unique way. Beginner authors can “always rely on a dull blow to the head”. Many of Christie’s writing rules concern playing fair. She practised misdirection and laid “false clues” alongside true ones, but insisted that her plots do not cheat or hide key evidence: “I never deceive my readers.” She tells potential writers to use snowstorms to isolate murder scenes(as they bring down telephone wires)and cites the clue-generating value of railway timetables, ink stains and cut-up newspapers. By relying on Christie’s own words, BBC Maestro hopes to avoid charges of deepfakery. At the same time, it is the focus on quotation that limits the course’s value as a creative-writing toolbox. 32. Why is AI used according to the passage? A. To bring a late writer back to life. B. To present a master writing course. C. To promote the image of a famous writer. D. To establish an online education platform. 33. What is the main job of Vivien Keene? A. Creating new stories based on Christie’s works. B. Citing words directly taken from Christie’s documents. C. Using her own facial expressions to match Christie’s words. D. Communicating with a team of Christie scholars and her family. 34. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A. Christie’s practical security tips. B. Christie’s way of dealing with people. C. Christie’s logic of developing stories. D. Christie’s committed working principles. 35. How does the author view BBC Maestro’s strategy? A. A costly trade-off. B. A creative breakthrough. C. A cautious overreaction. D. A well-intentioned failure. 7 (2026·四川泸州·三模)Raised in Alabama, Lybarger has found unexpected internet fame by introducing his followers to the ignored world of southeastern plants. A decade ago, he was managing a private land when the owner let him hunt. The land included an open, rocky area, which he decided would be ideal for planting food to bring more deer and wild turkeys there. He then sprayed it with herbicide(除草剂), added soil, put down a feed mix and cut down some trees to let in more light. In the dry, shallow soil, the seeds didn’t take. But around the edges, where he hadn’t sprayed or seeded, the additional sunlight brought a beautiful surprise. “I came back up the next summer and it was just, like, color everywhere,” says Lybarger. “Just, like, really crazy-looking plants that I saw.” After he posted photos of the flowers on Facebook, a local botanist named Kevin England got in touch. On a visit to the land, Lybarger was surprised as England pointed out rare and vulnerable species. Lybarger realized that he had killed off an area with a wild seed bank of countless local species. “That’s when I think managing for biodiversity is probably the best option.” Lybarger found a mission: to save the remains of those lands. Near his friend Eaton’s property, a long strip of dead grass showed where someone had sprayed herbicide along the road. Lybarger asked Eaton to hang a sign instructing people not to mow or spray. A few miles away, Lybarger pointed out another endangered species, leafy prairie clover, that his social media followers had been helpful in protecting. Then, he partnered with an artist to design a T-shirt featuring the plant, hoping to raise awareness and help pay for preservation efforts. Lybarger thinks his biggest contribution comes through education on social media, encouraging people to grow the native plants that best support declining insects. 32. Why did Lybarger first make changes to the private land? A. To remove the weeds. B. To catch more wildlife. C. To win followers online. D. To bring in new species. 33. How did Lybarger get to find the rare species? A. By constant trials. B. By professional skills. C. By an unexpected mistake. D. By considerate planning. 34. What is paragraph 6 mainly about? A. Where Lybarger saved the plants. B. Why natives supported Lybarger’s plan. C. How Lybarger protected the local plants. D. What challenges Lybarger’s mission posed. 35. Which of the following can best describe Lybarger? A. Brave and ambitious. B. Proud and selfless. C. Influential and responsible. D. Thoughtful and honest. 8 (2026·广西柳州·三模)That tiny hole off to the side is found in nearly every single-use coffee lid, from small cafes to big chains. And once you understand why it’s there, you’ll wonder how you ever overlooked it. Ideas about the hole’s purpose are various: “It keeps the coffee hotter!” “It’s for the smell!” “It’s just a special detail!” The truth, however, is far more practical but far less attractive than most guesses. That little hole isn’t there to let out the smell or make the lid look well-balanced. It is there to balance pressure. Here’s the basic physics behind it: When you drink from the main hole, liquid leaves the cup. If air cannot replace that volume, pressure builds inside and the flow hesitates, which often causes splashing(溅洒). Lid designers deliberately position the air hole separately from the main opening so that air and liquid follow different paths and do not compete for space. Think of the hole as a tiny opening: It keeps pressure balanced, allowing coffee to flow in a steady stream. Without it, drinking from a closed lid would be much messier. Coffee lids have developed greatly over time. Early forms were simple and leaky; by the 1970s, the rise of takeaway culture pushed producers to improve designs. Safety also played an important role — burn accidents led to better fit and better flow control. By the mid-1980s, specially designed lids with improved structures reduced spills and offered a better drinking experience. “More recently, changes in materials have been driven by the need to reduce plastic while keeping the same function,” packaging expert Stanislav Krykun notes. Environmentally friendly lids now aim to work as well as traditional plastics while causing less harm to the environment. So next time you lift your takeaway coffee and take that first enjoyable drink, give a nod of appreciation to that tiny hole in the lid. It is not just a simple addition; it is working harder than you think. 32. What is the real purpose of the tiny hole on the coffee lid? A. Balancing pressure for smooth drinking. B. Releasing the pleasant smell of coffee. C. Keeping the coffee hotter for longer. D. Making the lid design look well-balanced. 33. Why does the author mention designers’ work in paragraph 3? A. To argue that designers prefer such lid structures. B. To illustrate the engineering solution for smooth flow. C. To explain the process of positioning the air hole in the lid. D. To stress the role of air flow in keeping pressure balanced. 34. What is paragraph 4 mainly about? A. The safety problems of early coffee lids. B. The materials used for coffee lids over time. C. The reasons for the popularity of takeaway coffee culture. D. The driving forces behind lid design improvements. 35. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph? A. Enjoy the taste of takeaway coffee. B. Design a lid to attract more customers. C. Pay attention to environmental protection. D. Recognize the small detail’s practical value. 9 (2026·广东惠州·模拟预测)Almost one in five adults in the US lives with a mental illness. A number of scientific studies have shown that nature experiences may benefit people’s psychological well-being and cognitive(认知的)function. Experts are starting to recognize interacting with nature as one way to improve mental health. But it has been difficult to find ways to quantify these benefits in a useful manner for cities or organizations that want to integrate nature to improve mental health. “Thinking about the direct mental health benefits that nature contact provides is important to take into account when planning how to conserve nature and integrate it into our cities,” says Greg Bratman, an assistant professor at the University of Washington, offers a conceptual model for this in his study. The study outlines how city planners, landscape architects, developers, and others could eventually anticipate the mental health impacts of decisions related to the environment. Many governments already consider this with regard to other aspects of human health. For example, trees planted in cities improve air quality or reduce urban heat island effects, and parks built in specific neighborhoods encourage physical activity. But these actions don’t usually directly factor in the mental health benefits that trees or a restored park might provide. Then researchers built a model to help make meaningful, informed decisions about environmental projects and how they may impact mental health. It includes four steps for planners to consider: elements of nature included in a project, say at a school or across the whole city; amount of contact people will have with nature; how people interact with nature; and how people may benefit from those interactions, based on the latest scientific evidence. “If the evidence shows that nature contact helps to buffer(缓冲)against negative impacts from other environmental predictors of health, then access to these landscapes can be considered a matter of environmental justice. We hope this framework will contribute to this discussion,” Bratman says. “Eventually, it could be developed and potentially used to help address health disparities in underserved communities.” 32. What challenges planners in using nature to improve mental health? A. The high cost of green space projects. B. The difficulty in measuring the benefits. C. The lack of scientific studies on nature. D. The low awareness of mental illnesses. 33. What is the purpose of Bratman’s conceptual model? A. To help decide on environmental issues. B. To show benefits of nature for mental health. C. To seek medical treatment for mental illnesses. D. To replace traditional urban planning methods. 34. What should the government consider in environmental projects according to the model? A. Increasing the number of urban communities. B. Simplifying natural elements in the community. C. Giving people advice on how to interact with nature. D. Calculating the frequency of people’s nature contact. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A. Mental Health Crisis: More Green Spaces Needed B. Mental Illness Treatment: A Global Challenge C. Happiness Measurement: Studies in Urban Parks D. Nature and Well-being: A New Tool for City Planners 10 (2026·四川泸州·三模)In late January, an Alphabet-owned Waymo self-driving car was going near an elementary school in Santa Monica, California, when a young child rushed into the street. Waymo’s LiDAR sensors(传感器)detected the student, who had just emerged from behind a SUV, but it was too late. Despite hitting the brakes, the driverless car struck the child. In this case, the Waymo detected the child once they came into view — but what if it could have “seen” them from around the corner? That is the general idea behind a new research in the University of Pennsylvania, where engineers have developed a sensor system that uses radio waves to help robots detect objects hidden behind walls. Most emerging self-driving vehicles rely on a combination of cameras, radar, and LiDAR sensors to “see” the world around them. But LiDAR has limitations. Large buildings or other obstacles can block its laser pulses, a kind of light signals, preventing it from detecting what is hidden around a corner. To solve that problem, researchers decided to explore a special approach: radio waves. Radio waves sent out by a robot that strike a wall or other surface are much larger than the small surface variations on that wall. As a result, only part of the radio signal continues past the barrier, while a significant part is reflected back toward its source. This effect essentially causes surfaces to behave like mirrors, reflecting radio signals in predictable patterns. To collect all that data, the researchers developed a two-part AI model that first wipes out unnecessary information and makes informed assumptions about what is hidden around the corner. The system then reconstructs a 3D model, providing it with a visual representation of what lies behind the wall. Though the research is still in its early stages, the team takes an upbeat view that its sensor system could be integrated into robots to navigate complicated surroundings. For self-driving cars, it just might make the difference in preventing a future collision. 32. What mainly caused the accident? A. The brakes broke down. B. The sensors spotted the child too late. C. The car ran too fast to stop. D. The kid ignored the road safety rule. 33. How is a radio wave sensor system different from a LiDAR system? A. It sends laser pulses to detect objects. B. It relies on the mirrors to form a view. C. It controls the light to come in and out. D. It allows some signals to go past and back. 34. What does the underlined word “upbeat” in the last paragraph mean? A. Optimistic. B. Valid. C. Conservative. D. Skeptical. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Waymo’s Progress in Detection Research B. Seeing Around the Corner: Safer Self-driving C. A Traffic Case Caused by Autonomous Vehicles D. Magical Robots: New Methods to Avoid Accidents 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $