三年真题解读03（完形填空）-2026年高考英语终极对决锦囊·三年真题解读&四层模考储能

三年真题解读03(完形填空) 一、信息统计 卷 别 主题语境 体 裁 话 题 考点分布 原文字数 2025·全国一卷 人与自我 记叙文 搬家趣事之“赠人玫瑰，手留余香” 动词：5 名词：7 形容词：3 239 2025·全国二卷 人与社会 记叙文 老奶奶坚持健身、 改变生活， 消除网络质疑 动词：4 名词：9 形容词：1 副词：1 220 2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 记叙文 不同运动兴趣和 经历中的作者成长和心理变化 动词：8 名词：5 形容词：1 副词：1 233 2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷 人与社会 记叙文 定居意大利及意大利的风土人情 动词：8 名词：6 形容词：1 227 2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与社会 记叙文 越野赛背受伤选手到终点的义举 动词：5 名词：8 形容词：2 226 2023·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷 人与社会 记叙文 两位飞行员帮狗狗与主人团聚 动词：6 名词：4 形容词：4 副词：1 220 说明：考点分别包括了相应词类的短语；字数不包括原文中的汉语注释和备选项。 二、多维解读 1. 从主题语境上看：涉及“人与社会和人与自我”两大主题； 2. 从体裁/题材上看：选材清一色的为记叙文。主题聚焦 “成长、善意、自我认知、生活温情”等正向主题，贴近生活，传递正向价值。叙事遵循“开端→发展→高潮→结尾”的经典线性结构，按时间顺序展开，无倒叙、插叙，逻辑清晰：开端：交代故事背景；发展：描述事件过程；高潮：核心转折或关键结果；结尾：升华主题或表达感悟。 3. 从命题特点上看：文章长度230词左右，设15空，设空平均间距为15个词左右，首句不设空。设空以情节层层推进为引领，注重考查考生对文章上下文语境的理解和主旨的把握。设空的题型可分为句内层次题(空格的答案由空格所在句子的语境提供依据)、句组层次题(空格的答案由与空格所在句上下文<绝大多数为相邻的句子，也有相隔比较远>的句子提供依据)和语篇层次题(空格的答案由整篇文章的主旨或内涵提供依据)。其中以句组层次题的数量为最(参看真题解析)。 4. 从备选项词性上看：都是实词，名词(39组)和动词(36组)为主(占绝对多数)，形容词(12组)和副词(3组)为辅。备选项词汇均不超出课标词汇，但偶尔有对熟词僻义(单词很熟，不知另一意思，常常是词的僻义)的考查。 【典例】1 【2025·全国一卷完形填空节选】 ___49___(Encouraged), I posted more. My daily posts and the ___50___(visits)I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to ___51___ the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 52(encountered) . 51. A. remove B. spare C. find D. check 【典例】2 【2024·全国新课标I卷完形填空节选】 During my first visit to Italy, I ___42___(struggled)to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___43___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___44___(praised)my language skills. 43. A. string　 B. hang　　　 C. mix D. match 【2025·全国一卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding. My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy ___41___ the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the ___42___ we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to ___43___ our supposedly important objects. That left a house still ___44___ with things that, while not particularly ___45___, didn’t belong in a landfill(垃圾填埋场). I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional ___46___, another asking for a price cut. As our ___47___ day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The ___48___: “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase. ___49___, I posted more. My daily posts and the ___50___ I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to ___51___ the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have ___52___. I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the ___53___ that share our small space. I take ___54___ in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is ___55___ something that couldn’t come with us. 41. A. painting over B. looking around C. emptying out D. pulling down 42. A. hotel B. office C. cottage D. apartment 43. A. store B. display C. sell D. repair 44. A. covered B. decorated C. stuffed D. equipped 45. A. conventional B. valuable C. complicated D. tolerable 46. A. fees B. photos C. receipts D. models 47. A. move B. pay C. market D. work 48. A. warning B. request C. description D. reply 49. A. Confused B. Interested C. Disappointed D. Encouraged 50. A. visits B. reports C. advice D. money 51. A. remove B. spare C. find D. check 52. A. investigated B. recognized C. encountered D. recommended 53. A. giveaways B. posts C. contributions D. belongings 54. A. joy B. part C. care D. time 55. A. anticipating B. appreciating C. delivering D. withdrawing 【2025·全国二卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to ___41___ seven years ago after having a ___42___ call. She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which ___43___ led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a ___44___. Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a ___45___ lifestyle, before discovering a ___46___ for weightlifting. Since setting out on the journey, the ___47___ lover has not only managed to ___48___ an impressive set of muscles — but also a huge following on social media. The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no ___49___ others can’t look this good. She said it was all down to some key aspects. “Hold on: Consider failure as a ___50___ to success and never give up. Stick to your plan,” she said. “ ___51___ others: Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when ___52___.” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise... the ___53___ is to feel good, not look good.” Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the ___54___ wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an ___55___ or many social media users. 41. A. write B. travel C. exercise D. recover 42. A. goodwill B. timeout C. long-distance D. wake-up 43. A. normally B. ultimately C. suddenly D. automatically 44. A. change B. fortune C. wish D. deal 45. A. risky B. traditional C. comfortable D. healthy 46. A. demand B. secret C. passion D. cure 47. A. peace B. fitness C. fun D. nature 48. A. grow B. control C. activate D. relax 49. A. need B. choice C. reason D. difference 50. A. green light B. road block C. passing mark D. stepping stone 51. A. Help B. Consult C. Follow D. Forgive 52. A. accepted B. shared C. expected D. celebrated 53. A. goal B. case C. duty D. cost 54. A. instructors B. admirers C. beginners D. doubters 55. A. authority B. excuse C. inspiration D. option 【2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I’ve been motivated – and demotivated – by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ___41___ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ___42___, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ___43___ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run – 15 miles. To be honest, I ___44___ it! Between the girl making my ___45___ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ___46___ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I ___47___ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ___48___ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ___49___ her bike and went for a ride. The ___50___: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ___51___. That day, I got ___52___ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ___53___. I’ve ___54___ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ___55___ I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit 42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently 43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training 44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved 45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence 46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason 47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with 48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved 49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked 50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice 51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges 52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped 53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing 54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried 55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests 【2024·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___41___, Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I ___42___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___43___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___44___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___45___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___46___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___47___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small ___48___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___49___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ___50___, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ___51___ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ___52___. These meals are always ___53___ by laughter and joy. Whatever ___54___ life in Italy might have, the problems are ___55___ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 41. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle 42. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened 43. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match 44. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised 45. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test 46. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed 47. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order 48. A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties 49. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth 50. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale 51. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait 52. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for 53. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied 54. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities 55. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified 【2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ___41___ the course earlier than she did. Her ___42___ came because she was carrying a ___43___ across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ___44___ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ___45___ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ___46___. She couldn’t. Bailey then ___47___ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 500 feet to where Lenoue could get ___48___ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ___49___ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ___50___ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more ___51___ about why her act is considered a big ___52___. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ___53___ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the ___54___, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ___55___ of human kindness won the day. 41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse 43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor 44. A. race B. school C. town D. training 45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised 46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated 50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness 51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged 52. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand 54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show 55. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange 【2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ I卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___41___. They could not afford to pay for ___42___ for their dog, Tiffy, and ___43___ wanted to take her with them. It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy. When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very ___47___. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___48___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___49___ and trust that everything would ___50___. After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me ___51___ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and ___52___ them as soon as we got to Kansas City. The flight was ___53___, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she ___54___ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so ___55___ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 41. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection 42. A. food B. shelter C. medicine D. transportation 43. A. desperately B. temporarily C. secretly D. originally 44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed 45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed 46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up 47. A. confused B. nervous C. annoyed D. curious 48. A. hard B. fine C. common D. lucky 49. A. coworker B. passenger C. stranger D. neighbor 50. A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off 51. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load 54. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve 55. A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful 54. A. returned B. fought C. flew D. agreed 55. A. thankful B. generous C. proud D. sympathetic 解完形填空题，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的主旨，这是绝对不可以省略的一步。 每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间 也一定紧密相连，形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题，可以置之不理。如果与答题有关，可到具体寻找答案时再琢磨解决。另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾以及夹叙夹议文中的议论部分，因为它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。 1. 语境分析法 语境就是指短文的上下文，“语境分析”包括三种情形：分析上文语境、分析下文语境和分析上下文语境。利用“语境”命题是完形填空命题的主要手段，着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。句内层次题和句组层次题的解题都会涉及到运用“语境分析法”。因为，完形填空的的四个选项大多属于同一词类或同一范畴，考生要作出正确判断，必须重在上下文语境的分析和语篇的整体理解(为解“语篇层次题”进行铺垫)。“语境分析法”是解完形填空题最重要的方法。 【典例】1 【2022·全国新高考I卷完形填空节选】 We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ___52___, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back. We were ___53___. 【典例】2 【2021·全国新高考I卷完形填空节选】 It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ___43___ help during our spring break, for which I had no___44___(plans)beyond listening to my favorite records. 43. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary 44. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies 【典例】3 【2022·全国新高考I卷完形填空节选】 My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our ___41___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. 41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries 2. 习惯搭配法 习惯搭配主要指动词或形容词与介词的搭配，动宾搭配或固定句式等。考生可以利用这些搭配和固定句式快速解句内层次题，但要规避犯思维定势的负面影响，这就需要考生在实际解题中灵活运用。 【典例】1 【2021·浙江1月卷完形填空节选】 But on the last night we were ___50___ in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. 50. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated 【典例】2 【2023·全国乙卷完形填空节选】 Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator(联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it ___58___ to be an Olympian. 58. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took 3. 背景常识法 利用生活经验、文化背景知识进行确定答案，此技能与逻辑推理常交织在一起。在解句内层次题或句组层次题时，考生若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，从而作出正确判断以节省宝贵的解题时间。 【典例】1 【2025·全国一卷完形填空节选】 (2024全国甲卷)One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ___41___ to help my grandmother wash dishes. 41. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall 【典例】2 【2025·全国一卷完形填空节选】 (2021全国乙卷)She was ___49___(grateful)for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge(出院), we shared in her ___50___ at her recovery. 50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment 4. 逻辑关联法 完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者通过上下文给出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索就句内层次题来说，就是句中行文构成某些内在的逻辑上的关联。这些关联主要体现在对应上的关联(空格处所用词汇与空格所在句中某个词汇存在并列/顺序/递进、转折、对比等关联)。在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题是一种非常重要的方法。这些逻辑关联包括：①转折&让步；②并列&递进；③因果&条件等等关联。考生可以根据这些内在的逻辑关联来选择答案。 【典例】1 【2021·全国乙卷完形填空节选】 We had a woman patient who was ___44___(recovering)from a knee replacement operation.One afternoon, while ___45___(attempting)to get into bed she collapsed(倒下)from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. 46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly 【典例】2 【2020·全国新高考I卷完形填空节选】 A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. ___45___, the number of snakes had declined as well. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 【典例】3 【2020·全国II卷完形填空节选】 “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be ___41___ to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, ___42___ (finished)working the whole night at a factory in Turin. 41. A. attached B. allocated C. exposed D. submitted 【典例】4 【2019·全国新III卷完形填空节选】 The 3,500 residents cannot all ___56___(enjoy)the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___(sun-starved)residents. 57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly 【典例】5 【2019·江苏卷完形填空节选】 But before they can be assured, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline, and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ___51___, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. 51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary 5. 词汇复现法 词汇复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通常以原词、同/近义词、上下义词、反义词、同源词或同根词等重现的方式呈现，考生可根据具体情况利用文章中的词汇复现来解句组层次题。 【典例】1 【2022·全国乙卷完形填空节选】 We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears. 47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 【典例】2 【2019·江苏卷完形填空节选】 During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes, “___52___(Homelessness)had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) ___53___(partly)written book.It had also given me a ___54___(choice), either to leave that page ___55___ or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.” 55.A. loose B. full C. blank D. missing 【典例】3 【2016·全国新课标II卷完形填空节选】 Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s ___49___—her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ ___50___(attitude)—were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires. 39.A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness 【典例】4 【2020·全国III卷完形填空节选】 I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ___47___. 47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing 【典例】5 【2019·全国II卷完形填空节选】 A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___(phone)number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___(called)the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___(found)their dog. 50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded 【典例】6 【2019·北京卷完形填空节选】 Wilson has ___13___( covered)an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous ___14___(conversations)with the students he transports to and from school ... Tina Stern ___17___(received)rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free ___18___. 18. A. transportation　 B. style C. time D. communication 6. “从长计议”法 语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇之中，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主角的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，不要“急于求成”，而要“从长计议”——结合“语境分析”再次浏览全文，利用首句明确大意或利用主题段/主题句明确大意后再做判定。 【典例】1 【2020·新课标II卷完形填空节选】 There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look ___45___(nice)above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder ___46___(battled)until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32. ... “That’s the garden in our picture,” Nicolo’s son told his father. They ___55___(eventually)learned that the painting they ___56___ was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They ___57___(studied)the other painting and learned that it was ___58___(actually)Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” 56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole 【典例】2 【2019·全国II卷完形填空节选】 It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west­central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers ___41___(thought)about the small dog he had seen ___42___(trembling)alongside the road. He had ___43___(tried)to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___(run off). Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that___45___(lost)dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___(back). After a long and careful ___47___(search), Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___(joy). It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face. 48. A. cautiously　　　 B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 三年真题解读03(完形填空) 一、信息统计 卷 别 主题语境 体 裁 话 题 考点分布 原文字数 2025·全国一卷 人与自我 记叙文 搬家趣事之“赠人玫瑰，手留余香” 动词：5 名词：7 形容词：3 239 2025·全国二卷 人与社会 记叙文 老奶奶坚持健身、 改变生活， 消除网络质疑 动词：4 名词：9 形容词：1 副词：1 220 2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与自我 记叙文 不同运动兴趣和 经历中的作者成长和心理变化 动词：8 名词：5 形容词：1 副词：1 233 2024·新课标全国 Ⅱ 卷 人与社会 记叙文 定居意大利及意大利的风土人情 动词：8 名词：6 形容词：1 227 2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷 人与社会 记叙文 越野赛背受伤选手到终点的义举 动词：5 名词：8 形容词：2 226 2023·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷 人与社会 记叙文 两位飞行员帮狗狗与主人团聚 动词：6 名词：4 形容词：4 副词：1 220 说明：考点分别包括了相应词类的短语；字数不包括原文中的汉语注释和备选项。 二、多维解读 1. 从主题语境上看：涉及“人与社会和人与自我”两大主题； 2. 从体裁/题材上看：选材清一色的为记叙文。主题聚焦 “成长、善意、自我认知、生活温情”等正向主题，贴近生活，传递正向价值。叙事遵循“开端→发展→高潮→结尾”的经典线性结构，按时间顺序展开，无倒叙、插叙，逻辑清晰：开端：交代故事背景；发展：描述事件过程；高潮：核心转折或关键结果；结尾：升华主题或表达感悟。 3. 从命题特点上看：文章长度230词左右，设15空，设空平均间距为15个词左右，首句不设空。设空以情节层层推进为引领，注重考查考生对文章上下文语境的理解和主旨的把握。设空的题型可分为句内层次题(空格的答案由空格所在句子的语境提供依据)、句组层次题(空格的答案由与空格所在句上下文<绝大多数为相邻的句子，也有相隔比较远>的句子提供依据)和语篇层次题(空格的答案由整篇文章的主旨或内涵提供依据)。其中以句组层次题的数量为最(参看真题解析)。 4. 从备选项词性上看：都是实词，名词(39组)和动词(36组)为主(占绝对多数)，形容词(12组)和副词(3组)为辅。备选项词汇均不超出课标词汇，但偶尔有对熟词僻义(单词很熟，不知另一意思，常常是词的僻义)的考查。 【典例】1 【2025·全国一卷完形填空节选】 ___49___(Encouraged), I posted more. My daily posts and the ___50___(visits)I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to ___51___ the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have 52(encountered) . 51. A. remove B. spare C. find D. check 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. remove 移除；B. spare 省得；免去；C. find 发现；D. check 检查。根据上文语境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西。故选B。 【典例】2 【2024·全国新课标I卷完形填空节选】 During my first visit to Italy, I ___42___(struggled)to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___43___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___44___(praised)my language skills. 43. A. string　 B. hang　　　 C. mix D. match 【解析】考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起，连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据上文语境可知，作者问路或点餐很费力，再结合下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知作者努力把句子串起来(string)。根据，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话，故选A。string n. 细绳，带子；琴弦 v.用……穿起来；串起来，串成一串。string作为名词用的意思考生很熟，但是作动词用时，其确切意思可能就鲜为人知。 【2025·全国一卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 One August afternoon, I sat in my kitchen staring at a glass vase that hadn’t seen daylight since my wedding. My husband and I had just sold our house and we were busy ___41___ the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up. We had decided on key items for the ___42___ we were moving to in town, donated what we could, and rented a place to ___43___ our supposedly important objects. That left a house still ___44___ with things that, while not particularly ___45___, didn’t belong in a landfill(垃圾填埋场). I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional ___46___, another asking for a price cut. As our ___47___ day drew near, I settled on a new price ($0) and reposted it. The ___48___: “I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.” In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase. ___49___, I posted more. My daily posts and the ___50___ I received became a precious ray of light in the chaos of my house. Each exchange provided a chance to ___51___ the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have ___52___. I sit in my apartment today, loving each of the ___53___ that share our small space. I take ___54___ in knowing that, somewhere nearby, someone is ___55___ something that couldn’t come with us. 41. A. painting over B. looking around C. emptying out D. pulling down 42. A. hotel B. office C. cottage D. apartment 43. A. store B. display C. sell D. repair 44. A. covered B. decorated C. stuffed D. equipped 45. A. conventional B. valuable C. complicated D. tolerable 46. A. fees B. photos C. receipts D. models 47. A. move B. pay C. market D. work 48. A. warning B. request C. description D. reply 49. A. Confused B. Interested C. Disappointed D. Encouraged 50. A. visits B. reports C. advice D. money 51. A. remove B. spare C. find D. check 52. A. investigated B. recognized C. encountered D. recommended 53. A. giveaways B. posts C. contributions D. belongings 54. A. joy B. part C. care D. time 55. A. anticipating B. appreciating C. delivering D. withdrawing 【答案】 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. B 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在搬家过程中通过免费赠送旧物获得快乐的故事。 41. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我和丈夫刚刚卖掉了我们的房子，我们正忙着清空我们一家人花了23年时间建造的心爱的房子。A. painting over粉刷覆盖；B. looking around环顾四周；C. emptying out清空；D. pulling down拆除。根据上文“My husband and I had just sold our house”和下文“the beloved home our family had spent 23 years filling up”可推知，此处指作者卖掉了房子，忙着清空房子里的多年来堆积的东西，故选C。 42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. hotel酒店；B. office办公室；C. cottage小屋； D. apartment公寓。根据文章最后一段“I sit in my apartment today”可推知，此处指作者一家人搬到了公寓，故选D。 43.考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们已经为即将搬到城里的公寓选定了关键物品，尽可能捐赠了能捐的东西，并租了一个地方来存放我们自认为重要的物品。A. store 储存；B. display 展示；C. sell 出售；D. repair 修理。根据上文“rented a place”以及下文“our supposedly important objects”可推知，此处指租地方是为了存放重要物品，故选A。 44. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. covered覆盖的；B. decorated装饰的；C. stuffed塞满的；D. equipped配备的。根据上文“rented a place to ___43___ our supposedly important objects”以及下文“with things”可推知，此处指房子里仍塞满物品，故选C。 45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这使得房子里仍然堆满了那些虽然不是特别值钱，但不应该放在垃圾填埋场的东西。A. conventional传统的；B. valuable有价值的；C. complicated复杂的；D. tolerable可容忍的。根据上文“while not particularly”以及下文“didn’t belong in a landfill”可推知，此处指虽不贵重但不应丢弃的物品，故选B。 46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有几条信息进来了，一条想要更多的照片，另一条请求降价。A. fees费用；B. photos照片；C. receipts收据；D. models模型。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase”及“additional”可推知，此处指有人索要更多照片，故选B。 47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着搬家日的临近，我确定了一个新的价格(0美元)并重新发布了它。A. move搬家；B. pay支付；C. market市场；D. work工作。根据前文搬家背景及下文“day drew near”可推知，此处指搬家日临近，故选A。 48.考查名词词义辨析。句意：描述：“我讨厌这个花瓶。也许你不会。”A. warning警告；B. request请求；C. description描述；D. reply回复。根据上文“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online”以及下文“I hate this vase. Maybe you won’t.”可推知，此处指是重新发布的对花瓶的描述，故选C。 49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：受到鼓励，我发布了更多。A. Confused困惑的；B. Interested感兴趣的；C. Disappointed失望的；D. Encouraged受鼓励的。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house and left happily with the vase.”以及作者后文持续发帖的行为，可推知，此处指作者受到鼓舞，故选D。 50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我每天收到的帖子和来我家里的拜访，在我混乱的房子里变成了一束珍贵的光芒。A. visits拜访；B. reports报告；C. advice建议；D. money钱。根据上文“In an instant, a woman raced into my house”以及“My daily posts”和后文的互动，可推知，此处指去作者家里拜访，故选A。 51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. remove移除；B. spare省得；免去；C. find发现；D. check检查。根据上文语境以及下文“the landfill”可推知，此处指作者用免费赠送旧物来代替丢掉旧物垃圾填埋，此处spare引申为“免去”表示免得去垃圾填埋场丢东西，故选B。 52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每一次交换都提供了一个避免垃圾填埋的机会，也让我得以取悦另一个原本可能不会遇到的人。A. investigated调查；B. recognized认出；C. encountered遇见；D. recommended推荐。根据上文“another person I might not otherwise”可推知，此处指免费赠送旧物让原本不会遇见的人感到高兴，故选C。 53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天我坐在我的公寓里，爱着我们小空间里的每一件所有物。A. giveaways赠品；B. posts帖子；C. contributions贡献；D. belongings所有物。结合语境，再根据上文“I sit in my apartment today”以及下文“share our small space”可推知，此处指现在拥有的物品，故选D。 54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. joy快乐；B. part部分；C. care关心；D. time时间。结合语境，再根据上文“loving each of the___43___that share our small space.”以及下文“in knowing that, somewhere nearby”可推知，此处指作者免费赠送旧物，也从中获得了快乐，故选A。 55. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：知道就在附近的某个地方，有人正在欣赏着这件无法随我们一起走的东西，我感到很快乐。A. anticipating期待；B. appreciating欣赏；C. delivering递送；D. withdrawing撤回。根据上文“I take___43___in knowing that, somewhere nearby”以及下文“something that couldn’t come with us”可推知，此处指他人在欣赏这些作者带不走的，赠予的物品，故选B。 【2025·全国二卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Evelyn Donohue is a 65-year-old grandma. She only started to ___41___ seven years ago after having a ___42___ call. She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues, which ___43___ led her to getting surgery. After that experience, she knew that she needed to make a ___44___. Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a ___45___ lifestyle, before discovering a ___46___ for weightlifting. Since setting out on the journey, the ___47___ lover has not only managed to ___48___ an impressive set of muscles — but also a huge following on social media. The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no ___49___ others can’t look this good. She said it was all down to some key aspects. “Hold on: Consider failure as a ___50___ to success and never give up. Stick to your plan,” she said. “ ___51___ others: Lift others up on your journey. Success is sweeter when ___52___.” She previously explained that “you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise... the ___53___ is to feel good, not look good.” Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the ___54___ wrong in the best possible way and has indeed become an ___55___ or many social media users. 41. A. write B. travel C. exercise D. recover 42. A. goodwill B. timeout C. long-distance D. wake-up 43. A. normally B. ultimately C. suddenly D. automatically 44. A. change B. fortune C. wish D. deal 45. A. risky B. traditional C. comfortable D. healthy 46. A. demand B. secret C. passion D. cure 47. A. peace B. fitness C. fun D. nature 48. A. grow B. control C. activate D. relax 49. A. need B. choice C. reason D. difference 50. A. green light B. road block C. passing mark D. stepping stone 51. A. Help B. Consult C. Follow D. Forgive 52. A. accepted B. shared C. expected D. celebrated 53. A. goal B. case C. duty D. cost 54. A. instructors B. admirers C. beginners D. doubters 55. A. authority B. excuse C. inspiration D. option 【答案】 41. C 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. D 46. C 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. D 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，消除网络质疑的故事。 41. 查动词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A. write写作；B. travel旅行；C. exercise锻炼；D. recover康复。根据下文的“Determined to turn her life around, Ms Donohue began to work out...”可知，此处指老奶奶开始锻炼身体，故选C。 42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：七年前，在接到一个警醒电话后，她才开始锻炼身体。A. goodwill善意、友好；B. timeout超时；C. long-distance长途；D. wake-up唤醒。结合语境，再根据后文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”可推知，此处指这是一次“警醒”老奶奶的经历，故选D。 43. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：她一直在与饮食失调和健康问题作斗争，最终导致她接受了手术。A. normally通常；B. ultimately最终；C. suddenly突然；D. automatically自动地。根据上文“She’d been struggling with eating disorders and health issues”以及下文“led her to getting surgery”可推知，此处指健康问题最终导致手术，故选B。 44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那次经历之后，她知道她需要做出改变。A. change改变；B. fortune幸运；C. wish愿望；D. deal交易。根据上文“led her to getting surgery”及后文“turn her life around”可推知，此处指她经历过手术后领悟到了自己需要改变，故选A。 45. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A. risky有风险的；B. traditional传统的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. healthy健康的。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out”可推知，此处指她选择健康的生活方式，故选D。 46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士决心改变生活，开始锻炼身体并遵循健康的生活方式，之后她发现了对举重的热爱。A. demand要求；B. secret秘密；C. passion激情，热情；D. cure疗法、药物。根据上文“Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a ___45___ lifestyle”以及下文的“for weightlifting”可推知，此处指她积极锻炼身体，对举重产生了热情，a passion for sth.意为“对某事充满热情”，故选C。 47. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A. peace和平；B. fitness健身；C. fun乐趣；D. nature自然。根据下文“workout content”可推知，此处指她是健身爱好者，故选B。 48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从踏上这段旅程以来，这位健身爱好者不仅产生了令人惊叹的肌肉，还在社交媒体上收获了庞大的粉丝群。A. grow形成，产生；B. control控制；C. activate激活；D. relax放松。根据下文“an impressive set of muscles”可推知，此处指她练出肌肉，即产生肌肉，故选A。 49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这位受人喜爱的奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好。A. need需要；B. choice选择；C. reason理由；D. difference差异。根据上文“no”以及下文“others can’t look this good”可推知，此处指她认为自己可以做到，没有理由别人不能做到，故选C。 50. 考查名词短语辨析。句意：坚持下去：把失败当作通往成功的垫脚石，永不放弃。A. green light绿灯；B. road block路障；C. passing mark通过标志；D. stepping stone踏脚石。结合语境，再根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no ___49___ others can’t look this good.”和“failure as a”以及下文“to success”可推知，此处指失败是成功的垫脚石，故选D。 51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：帮助他人：在你的旅程中激励他人。A. Help帮助；B. Consult咨询；C. Follow遵循；D. Forgive原谅。根据下文“Lift others up”可推知，此处指她提倡帮助他人，故选A。 52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：分享成功更甜蜜。A. accepted接受；B. shared共享；C. expected期待；D. celebrated庆祝。根据上文“The well-liked grandma regularly posts workout content, explaining there’s no ___49___ others can’t look this good.”可知，这位受人喜爱的奶奶定期发布健身内容，并解释说其他人没理由不能看起来这么好，由此可知，此处指的是成功在分享时更甜蜜，故选B。 53. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她此前曾解释道：“你无需拥有完美身材才能锻炼……锻炼的目标是让自己感觉良好，而非看起来好看。”A. goal目标；B. case案例；C. duty责任；D. cost成本。根据上文“you do not need to have an amazing body to exercise”以及下文“is to feel good, not look good.”可推知，此处指运动的目标是感觉良好，故选A。 54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A. instructors讲师；B. admirers管理员；C. beginners初学者；D. doubters持怀疑态度的人。根据上文“Ms Donohue used to be laughed at for being too old to work out, but she has proved the”以及下文“wrong in the best possible way”可推知，此处指Donohue女士用自己的方式证明怀疑者错了，故选D。 55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Donohue女士曾因年纪太大不适合锻炼而遭人嘲笑，但她以最好的方式证明了怀疑者的错误，确实成为了许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源。A. authority权威；B. excuse借口； C. inspiration灵感；D. option选项。根据语境以及下文“or many social media users”可知，一位65岁的老奶奶坚持健身，积极健康改变自己的生活，这对其他人来说就是励志的典范，由此可知，此处指她成为许多社交媒体用户的灵感来源，故选C。 【2024·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I’ve been motivated – and demotivated – by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ___41___ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running ___42___, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ___43___ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run – 15 miles. To be honest, I ___44___ it! Between the girl making my ___45___ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ___46___ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I ___47___ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I ___48___ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I ___49___ her bike and went for a ride. The ___50___: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ___51___. That day, I got ___52___ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ___53___. I’ve ___54___ a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ___55___ I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit 42. A. regularly B. silently C. proudly D. recently 43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training 44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved 45. A. advantage B. achievement C. contribution D. influence 46. A. way B. risk C. place D. reason 47. A. gave up B. went on C. turned to D. dealt with 48. A. heard B. dreamed C. complained D. approved 49. A. painted B. borrowed C. bought D. parked 50. A. problem B. secret C. principle D. advice 51. A. dangers B. events C. opponents D. challenges 52. A. passed B. convinced C. admired D. stopped 53. A. reliable B. convenient C. familiar D. appealing 54. A. traveled B. matured C. missed D. worried 55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests 【答案】 41. C 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. B 50. A 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动(跑步和骑自行车)的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。 41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛，故选C。 42. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A. regularly有规律地；B. silently默默地；C. proudly自豪地；D. recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境，故选A。 43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境，故选D。 44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my ___45___ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩，故选C。 45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A. advantage优势；B. achievement成就；C. contribution贡献；D. influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run—15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道，故选B。 46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A. way方式；B. risk风险；C. place地方；D. reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因，故选D。 47. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A. gave up放弃；B. went on继续；C. turned to转向；D. dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only6I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车，故选C。 48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A. heard听到；B. dreamed梦想；C. complained抱怨；D. approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境，故选B。 49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A. painted把……描绘成；B. borrowed借；C. bought买；D. parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车，故选B。 50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A. problem问题；B. secret秘密；C. principle原则；D. advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time. I’d never faced such ___51___.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题，故选A。 51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A. dangers危险；B. events事件；C. opponents对手；D. challenges挑战。根据前文“The ___50___: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战，故选D。 52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A. passed超过；B. convinced说服；C. admired欣赏；D. stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such ___51___.”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过，故选A。 53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A. reliable可信赖的；B. convenient方便的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got　52 by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了，故选D。 54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A. traveled旅行；B. matured (情感和认识)成熟；C. missed思念；D. worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever ___55___I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多，故选B。 55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制；B. dates日期；C. goals目标；D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境，故选C。 【2024·新课标全国 ⅠI 卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to ___41___, Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I ___42___ to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to ___43___ a sentence of Italian together, the locals smiled at me and ___44___ my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language ___45___. After I made Italy my permanent home, I discovered how ___46___ Italians are. Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to ___47___ me to close the window in my car when rain is coming. It's these small ___48___ of kindness that make a new country feel like home. As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach, and nowhere fuels my ___49___ quite like Italy. Each town has its own traditional ___50___, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families ___51___ for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ___52___. These meals are always ___53___ by laughter and joy. Whatever ___54___ life in Italy might have, the problems are ___55___ once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family. 41. A. study B. rent C. visit D. settle 42. A. planned B. struggled C. refused D. happened 43. A. string B. hang C. mix D. match 44. A. improved B. assessed C. admired D. praised 45. A. course B. barrier C. area D. test 46. A. open-minded B. strong-willed C. warm-hearted D. well-informed 47. A. remind B. allow C. persuade D. order 48. A. tricks B. promises C. acts D. duties 49. A. ambition B. success C. appetite D. growth 50. A. costume B. dish C. symbol D. tale 51. A. gather B. cheer C. leave D. wait 52. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for 53. A. signaled B. confirmed C. represented D. accompanied 54. A. disadvantages B. meanings C. surprises D. opportunities 55. A. created B. forgotten C. understood D. identified 【答案】 41. D 42. B 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. A 48. C 49. C 50. B 51. A 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者十年前选择在意大利定居的原因以及意大利的风土人情。 41. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent租金；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点，故选D。 42. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流，故选B。 43. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起，连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话，故选A。 44. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力，故选D。 45. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：这种鼓励帮助我克服了语言障碍。A.course课程；B. barrier障碍；C. area区域；D. test测试。根据上文“the locals smiled at me and praised my language skills. That encouragement helped me”可推知，此处指当地人对作者的鼓励帮助他克服了语言障碍，故选B。 46. 考查形容词词义辨析，句意：当我把意大利作为永久的家后，我发现了意大利人是多么的热情。A. open-minded思想开明的；B. strong-willed思想坚定的；C. warm-hearted热心的；D. well-informed见多识广的。根据下文邻居的热心行为“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door”和“close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居是热情的，故选C。 47. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜的奶酪，还会在下雨的时候来我家门前提醒我关上车窗。A. remind提醒；B. allow允许；C. persuade说服；D. order命令。根据上文“I discovered how warm-hearted Italians are”以及下文“will come to my door”可推知，此处指热心的邻居在下雨的时候来作者家门前提醒他关上车窗，故选A。 48. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：正是这些小小的善举让一个新国家有家的感觉。A. tricks技巧；B. promises承诺；C. acts行为；D. duties职责。根据上文“Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me to close the window in my car when rain is coming.”可推知，此处指邻居们的善举，故选C。 49. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：作为一个美食家，通往我内心的路是通过我的胃，没有什么地方能像意大利那样刺激我的食欲。A. ambition雄心；B. success成功；C. appetite食欲；D. growth发育。根据上文“As a foodie, the way to my heart is through my stomach”可推知，此处指做这是一个美食家，所以应该是刺激食欲，故选C。 50. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：每个城镇都有自己的传统菜肴，每个家庭都保存着代代相传的食谱。A. costume服装；B. dish菜肴；C. symbol符号；D. tale故事。根据上文“fuels my appetite”以及下文“every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another”可推知，此处指意大利各地都有传统菜肴，故选B。 51. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. gather集合；B. cheer欢呼；C. leave留下；D. wait等待。根据上文“Families”以及下文“with friends and family”可推知，此处指一家人聚集在一起吃饭，故选A。 52. 考查动词短语辨析，句意：一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with克服；B. stand up for支持；C. come up with想出；D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知，此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由，故选C。 53. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：这些饭菜总是伴随着笑声和喜悦。A. signaled示意；B. confirmed确认； C. represented代表；D. accompanied伴随。根据下文“by laughter and joy”可推知，此处指家人们在一起用餐时伴随着欢声笑语。固定搭配“accompany by”译为“伴随”，故选D。 54. 考查名词词义辨析，句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. disadvantages缺点；B. meanings含义；C. surprises惊喜；D. opportunities机会。根据上文“Whatever”以及下文“the problems”可推知，此处指在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，故选A。 55. 考查动词词义辨析，句意：无论意大利的生活有什么缺点，一旦你和朋友和家人坐下来吃顿大餐，这些问题就会被遗忘。A. created创建；B. forgotten忘记；C. understood理解；D. identified确认。根据上文“Whatever disadvantages life in Italy might have, the problems”以及下文“once you sit down to a big meal with friends and family”可推知，此处指无论在意大利的生活有什么不如意之处，跟家人们吃一顿饭就会忘记不愉快，故选B。 【2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ 卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ___41___ the course earlier than she did. Her ___42___ came because she was carrying a ___43___ across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ___44___ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ___45___ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ___46___. She couldn’t. Bailey then ___47___ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 500 feet to where Lenoue could get ___48___ attention. Once there, Lenoue was ___49___ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ___50___ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help. As for Bailey, she is more ___51___ about why her act is considered a big ___52___. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ___53___ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the ___54___, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ___55___ of human kindness won the day. 41. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 42. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse 43. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor 44. A. race B. school C. town D. training 45. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised 46. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice 47. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 48. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal 49. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated 50. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness 51. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged 52. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal 53. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand 54. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show 55. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange 【答案】 41. D 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. B 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. B 51. C 52. D 53. A 54. C 55. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。 41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 500 feet to where Lenoue could get ___48___ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”，故选D。 42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ___41___ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线，故选A。 43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线，故选D。 44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”，故选A。 45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue，故选C。 46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走，故选B。 47. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了500英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上，故选D。 48. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了500英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”，故选A。 49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估，故选B。 50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”，故选B。 51. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，故选C。 52. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”，故选D。 53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了500英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她，故选A。 54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”，故选C。 55. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 500 feet to where Lenoue could get ___48___ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良，故选B。 【2023·新课标全国 Ⅰ I卷】 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___41___. They could not afford to pay for ___42___ for their dog, Tiffy, and ___43___ wanted to take her with them. It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy. When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very ___47___. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___48___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___49___ and trust that everything would ___50___. After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me ___51___ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and ___52___ them as soon as we got to Kansas City. The flight was ___53___, and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she ___54___ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so ___55___ and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 41. A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection 42. A. food B. shelter C. medicine D. transportation 43. A. desperately B. temporarily C. secretly D. originally 44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed 45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed 46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up 47. A. confused B. nervous C. annoyed D. curious 48. A. hard B. fine C. common D. lucky 49. A. coworker B. passenger C. stranger D. neighbor 50. A. speed up B. work out C. come back D. take off 51. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load 54. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve 55. A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful 54. A. returned B. fought C. flew D. agreed 55. A. thankful B. generous C. proud D. sympathetic 【答案】 41. B 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. B 48. A 49. C 50. B 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者通过Pilots N Paws网站帮助一家搬家的人将他们的狗接到另一个城市的过程。作者和另一位飞行员一起完成了这次任务，最终成功将这只狗带回到了它的主人身边。 41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们不得不搬到弗吉尼亚，但他们的预算非常紧张。A. turn转折点；B. budget预算；C. schedule时间表；D. connection联系。根据“They could not afford to pay for ___44___ for their dog, Tiffy,”可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，故选B。 42. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A. food食物；B. shelter庇护；C. medicine药；D. transportation交通。根据“They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight ___41___.”及下文可知，这个家庭的预算非常紧张，所以付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，故选D。 43. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们付不起他们的狗Tiffy的交通费，又非常想带她一起走。A. desperately非常、拼命地；B. temporarily暂时地；C. secretly秘密地；D. originally起初。根据“wanted to take her with them.”可知，这家人非常想把狗一起带走，故选A。 44. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared出现；B. proved证明；C. happened碰巧；D. showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行，故选C。 45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited等待；B. offered提供、主动提出；C. hurried匆忙；D. failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚，故选B。 46. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off为……送行；B. look for寻找；C. hand over移交；D. pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy，故选D。 47. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来很紧张。A. confused困惑的；B. nervous紧张的；C. annoyed恼怒的；D. curious好奇的。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___48___ for him, having to leave his dog to a ___49___ and trust that everything would ___50___.”可知，这家人看起来有点紧张和不安，故选B。 48. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. hard困难的；B. fine好的；C. common常见的；D. lucky幸运的。根据上文“was trying to be calm”以及下文“having to leave his dog to a ___49___ and trust that everything would ___50___.”可推知，此处指把狗留给一个陌生人对主人来说很难，故选A。 49. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. coworker合作者；B. passenger乘客；C. stranger陌生人；D. neighbor邻居。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___48___ for him,”可知，要把狗留给一个陌生人，故选C。 50. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：丈夫George试着冷静下来，但我看得出来，这对他来说很难，他不得不把狗留给一个陌生人，并相信一切都会解决的。A. speed up加速；B. work out解决；C. come back回来；D. take off起飞。根据“George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was ___48___ for him,”可知，让狗的主人George相信一个陌生人一切都会解决好，对他来说很难，故选B。 51. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A. feed喂养；B. follow跟随；C. change改变；D. load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机，故选D。 52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A. call打电话；B. join加入；C. leave离开；D. serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话，故选A。 53. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次飞行平安无事，Tiffy是个很棒的乘客。A. unnecessary没有必要的；B. unexpected意想不到的；C. unavoidable不可避免的；D. uneventful太平无事的。根据“and Tiffy was a great passenger.”可知，这次飞行一切都平安无事，故选D。 54. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她和Karen一起坐飞机，几天后就回到了弗吉尼亚州的George那里。 A. returned返回；B. fought打仗；C. flew飞；D. agreed同意。根据“It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen带狗Tiffy飞往弗吉尼亚州，故选C。 55. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他非常感激，给我发了一封很漂亮的电子邮件，并附上了照片。A. thankful感激的；B. generous慷慨的；C. proud骄傲的；D. sympathetic同情的。通读全文，再根据“and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures.”可推知，此处指对于作者的帮忙，George非常感激，故选A。 一、通读全文 把握主旨 解完形填空题，必须先浏览全文，了解短文的主旨，这是绝对不可以省略的一步。 每篇短文总有一定的主题思想，段落之间必然承上启下，前呼后应，句与句之间 也一定紧密相连，形成一个整体。因此通读全文是要一气呵成，不要中断思路，只要能了解短文的大意就可。某些细节不理解可以跳过。如果不影响答题，可以置之不理。如果与答题有关，可到具体寻找答案时再琢磨解决。另外，在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头和结尾以及夹叙夹议文中的议论部分，因为它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心议题。 二、有的放矢 层层破解 1. 语境分析法 语境就是指短文的上下文，“语境分析”包括三种情形：分析上文语境、分析下文语境和分析上下文语境。利用“语境”命题是完形填空命题的主要手段，着重考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析、推理、判断的能力。句内层次题和句组层次题的解题都会涉及到运用“语境分析法”。因为，完形填空的的四个选项大多属于同一词类或同一范畴，考生要作出正确判断，必须重在上下文语境的分析和语篇的整体理解(为解“语篇层次题”进行铺垫)。“语境分析法”是解完形填空题最重要的方法。 【典例】1 【2022·全国新高考I卷完形填空节选】 We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there ___52___, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed(拖)us back. We were ___53___. 52. 【解析】A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.(我们被困在湖中，发动机熄火了)”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地(helplessly)坐着，故选D。 53.【解析】 A. sorry抱歉的；B. brave勇敢的；C. safe安全的；D. right正确的。根据上文“a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed us back(一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子，把我们拖了回来)”可推知，此处指得到了渔夫的帮助，作者和家人安全了(safe)，故选C。 【典例】2 【2021·全国新高考I卷完形填空节选】 It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for ___43___ help during our spring break, for which I had no___44___(plans)beyond listening to my favorite records. 43. A. generous B. financial C. technical D. temporary 44. A. plans B. problems C. excuses D. hobbies 【解析】根据上文可知，霍夫面包厂是因复活节要做小兔子蛋糕而需要人帮忙，显然这是“临时的”，即选temporary。其他三项generous(慷慨的)，financial(经济的)，technical(技术的)均不符合此处语境。 【典例】3 【2022·全国新高考I卷完形填空节选】 My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years. Some of our ___41___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. 41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries 【解析】根据上文“have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years(在过去的十年里有过美妙的露营经历)”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little(尤其是在我们的孩子很小的时候)”可推知，此处指作者是对他们露营经历的一种回忆，认为自己与家人一起冒险的这些回忆(memories)是有趣的，故选C。上下文并没有提及在露营中有什么有趣的发现，故不可选D。 2. 习惯搭配法 习惯搭配主要指动词或形容词与介词的搭配，动宾搭配或固定句式等。考生可以利用这些搭配和固定句式快速解句内层次题，但要规避犯思维定势的负面影响，这就需要考生在实际解题中灵活运用。 【典例】1 【2021·浙江1月卷完形填空节选】 But on the last night we were ___50___ in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. 50. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated 【解析】句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。我半夜醒来发现帐篷就像游泳池一样。固定词组be caught in意为“被困于……”。故选B。 【典例】2 【2023·全国乙卷完形填空节选】 Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator(联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it ___58___ to be an Olympian. 58. A. viewed B. appeared C. mattered D. took 【解析】句意：就在不久前，国家女子队联络人Martha Karoli还认为Douglas不具备成为奥运选手所需要的条件。have (got) what it takes具备(成功)所需要的一切条件(或素质、能力等)。故选D。 3. 背景常识法 利用生活经验、文化背景知识进行确定答案，此技能与逻辑推理常交织在一起。在解句内层次题或句组层次题时，考生若能积极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，从而作出正确判断以节省宝贵的解题时间。 【典例】1 【2025·全国一卷完形填空节选】 (2024全国甲卷)One day, we had a family dinner. While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside, I was left alone in the ___41___ to help my grandmother wash dishes. 41. A. sitting room B. kitchen C. yard D. dining hall 【解析】句意：当大人们在外面忙于严肃的谈话时，我一个人留在厨房里帮奶奶洗碗。根据下文中help my grandmother wash dishes和常识可知，洗碗的地方通常在厨房(kitchen)，故选B。 【典例】2 【2025·全国一卷完形填空节选】 (2021全国乙卷)She was ___49___(grateful)for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge(出院), we shared in her ___50___ at her recovery. 50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment 【解析】根据上下文所提供的“On her day of discharge(出院)”“her recovery”可知，病人康复出院自然会分享喜悦(delight)。故选B。 4. 逻辑关联法 完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者通过上下文给出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索就句内层次题来说，就是句中行文构成某些内在的逻辑上的关联。这些关联主要体现在对应上的关联(空格处所用词汇与空格所在句中某个词汇存在并列/顺序/递进、转折、对比等关联)。在句组层次题中，利用逻辑关系解题是一种非常重要的方法。这些逻辑关联包括：①转折&让步；②并列&递进；③因果&条件等等关联。考生可以根据这些内在的逻辑关联来选择答案。 【典例】1 【2021·全国乙卷完形填空节选】 We had a woman patient who was ___44___(recovering)from a knee replacement operation.One afternoon, while ___45___(attempting)to get into bed she collapsed(倒下)from what was ___46___ discovered to be a heart attack. 46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly 【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病发作摔倒了。最终发现晕倒的原因是心脏病发作。此处eventually表示时间上的顺序关系，故选A。 【典例】2 【2020·全国新高考I卷完形填空节选】 A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. ___45___, the number of snakes had declined as well. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise 【解析】句意：那年早些时候，一场洪水袭击了这个地区，造成了破坏，许多鸟类被迫离开了。此外，蛇的数量也减少了。besides意为“此外，而且”，表示递进关系。故选A。 【典例】3 【2020·全国II卷完形填空节选】 “Nicolo,” whose real name cannot be ___41___ to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws, ___42___ (finished)working the whole night at a factory in Turin. 41. A. attached B. allocated C. exposed D. submitted 【解析】空格后的“because of”表示因果关系：由于意大利的隐私法，Nicolo的真实姓名不能公之于众。be exposed to“暴露”符合语境，故选C项。 【典例】4 【2019·全国新III卷完形填空节选】 The 3,500 residents cannot all ___56___(enjoy)the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___(sun-starved)residents. 57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly 【解析】前一句意思为并不是3500名居民都能同时享受到太阳光，后一句，新的光线为小镇人们的意义不仅仅提供光线，故可知前后句属于转折关系，故选B。 【典例】5 【2019·江苏卷完形填空节选】 But before they can be assured, more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline, and many other species appear headed toward extinction. ___51___, not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive. 51. A. In contrast B. After all C. By the way D. On the contrary 【解析】这两个动物园管理员对于自己卓有成效的工作非常骄傲，但在他们觉得有把握之前，必须作出更多努力。因为百枕鹤的数量一直在减少。毕竟不是每个人都能够意识到野生动物有想法、感受和同等生存的权利。after all毕竟，表示让步关系，故选B。 5. 词汇复现法 词汇复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通常以原词、同/近义词、上下义词、反义词、同源词或同根词等重现的方式呈现，考生可根据具体情况利用文章中的词汇复现来解句组层次题。 【典例】1 【2022·全国乙卷完形填空节选】 We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each ___47___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears. 47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor 【解析】句意：每个儿童都和一个成年人坐在一起，成年人遮住自己的眼睛或耳朵。根据“We brought young children aged 2—4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此空是上一句中children的原词复现，故选B。 【典例】2 【2019·江苏卷完形填空节选】 During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes, “___52___(Homelessness)had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of a(n) ___53___(partly)written book.It had also given me a ___54___(choice), either to leave that page ___55___ or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.” 55.A. loose B. full C. blank D. missing 【解析】空处意为“要么把这一页纸留白(blank)，要么满怀希望继续书写自己的故事”。此处是上一句中的an empty page的同义词复现，故选C。 【典例】3 【2016·全国新课标II卷完形填空节选】 Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Rani’s ___49___—her warm smile, her nods, her ‘I’m here for you’ ___50___(attitude)—were all silent signals that didn’t travel through wires. 39.A. forgiveness B. eagerness C. friendliness D. skillfulness 【解析】空后的“她温暖的微笑、她的点头致意以及她的‘我在这里为您服务’的态度”都体现了Rani的友好，故选friendliness。此处属于上下义词复现，其中的smile, nod等都是下义词(具体行为)，friendliness是上义词(概括词)，故选C。 【典例】4 【2020·全国III卷完形填空节选】 I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep ___47___. 47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing 【解析】句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。根据句中连词but(表示转折关系)可知，此处填入的词与前一分句中的“沮丧upset”情感色彩相反的词，表示“面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，但是作者还是努力让他们保持良好的态度，也就是要他们保持微笑(smiling)，故选 B。 【典例】5 【2019·全国II卷完形填空节选】 A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one ___50___ as lost in the local paper. The ad had a ___51___(phone)number for a town in southern Michigan. Ehlers ___52___(called)the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had ___53___(found)their dog. 50. A. predicted B. advertised C. believed D. recorded 【解析】结合设空后一句中的“The ad”以及空处后面的“in the local paper”可知，此处表示，,一位当地的农场主告诉他们，这只狗好像是在当地报纸上刊登广告(advertise)的那只丢失的狗。设空处与下文中的 ad(=advertisement)是同根词复现，故选B。 【典例】6 【2019·北京卷完形填空节选】 Wilson has ___13___( covered)an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous ___14___(conversations)with the students he transports to and from school ... Tina Stern ___17___(received)rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free ___18___. 18. A. transportation　 B. style C. time D. communication 【解析】对Tina Stern来说，这些行程不仅仅只是免费的运送而已。transportation是上文中transport的同根词复现，故选A。 6. “从长计议”法 语篇层次题的解题信息不局限于某一句或某一句群，而是分散在某一段或几段甚至全篇之中，这就要求考生理解整篇文章，抓住全文的脉络、作者的思想意图或主角的心理，然后进行准确的推理、判断，从而做出正确的选择。对于此类题目，不要“急于求成”，而要“从长计议”——结合“语境分析”再次浏览全文，利用首句明确大意或利用主题段/主题句明确大意后再做判定。 【典例】1 【2020·新课标II卷完形填空节选】 There, among many other things, Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look ___45___(nice)above his dining room table. Nicolo and another bidder ___46___(battled)until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32. ... “That’s the garden in our picture,” Nicolo’s son told his father. They ___55___(eventually)learned that the painting they ___56___ was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.” They ___57___(studied)the other painting and learned that it was ___58___(actually)Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.” 56. A. owned B. borrowed C. sold D. stole 【答案】A 【解析】本题是语篇层次题，需要综合第一段和空格所在段落来寻找突破口。本题可以利用文章发展脉络解题。所节选部分文章发展脉络为：Nicolo在一次拍卖会上竞价买到两幅画→ Nicolo的儿子研究这两幅画→发现这两幅画均为名画。根据文章发展脉络可知，Nicolo是在拍卖会上竞价买到的这两幅画(Nicolo finally won the paintings for 32$)，这幅画的所有权是Nicolo的，即他们所拥有，故选 A。 【典例】2 【2019·全国II卷完形填空节选】 It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west­central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota. During the long trip home, following a weekend of hunting, Ehlers ___41___(thought)about the small dog he had seen ___42___(trembling)alongside the road. He had ___43___(tried)to coax(哄)the dog to him but, frightened, it had ___44___(run off). Back home, Ehlers was troubled by that___45___(lost)dog. So, four days later, he called his friend Greg, and the two drove ___46___(back). After a long and careful ___47___(search), Greg saw, across a field, the dog moving ___48___ away. Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with ___49___(joy). It just started licking(舔)Ehlers’ face. 48. A. cautiously　　　 B. casually C. skillfully D. angrily 【解析】本题是典型的语篇层次题，只看题目所在的句子我们是无法确定答案的，此类题目需要综合 全篇来找线索。根据第一段最后一句中的“frightened”和第二段第二句中的“four days later”并 结合下文的“Nervousness and fear”可知，一只走丢多日的小狗受到惊吓，感到紧张不安和恐 惧，因此可推断当Greg看见它的时候，它应该是小心谨慎地(cautiously)移动，故选A。 casually随便地；skillfully巧妙地，熟练地；angrily生气地。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $