数词用法全解-高三英语语法专项:十大词性全解

2026-05-06
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 题集-专项训练
知识点 数词
使用场景 高考复习-三轮冲刺
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
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发布时间 2026-05-06
更新时间 2026-05-06
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审核时间 2026-05-06
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高三英语语法专项:数词用法全解(解析版) 考点总目录 1. 数词的定义及核心特征 2. 数词的分类(基数词、序数词,高三核心) 3. 基数词的用法(计数、年龄、时间、度量等) 4. 序数词的用法(顺序、日期、等级等) 5. 数词的特殊用法(分数、小数、百分数、倍数) 6. 易混数词及用法辨析(高考高频) 7. 数词固定搭配及易错点 8. 数词用法过关检测 一、数词的定义及核心特征 核心定义 数词(Numeral)是表示数量、顺序、倍数、分数等的词,主要用来修饰名词或在句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语等,是高考语法填空、短文改错、完形填空、书面表达的高频考点,尤其在时间、日期、数量描述类语境中高频出现,易错点集中在序数词拼写、特殊表达及固定搭配上。 核心特征 1. 核心功能:表示“数量”(基数词)或“顺序”(序数词),部分可表示倍数、分数、百分数,直接关联名词的单复数形式。 2. 句法功能:可作定语(最常用)、主语、宾语、表语、状语,其中作定语时需注意与名词的搭配(可数/不可数、单复数)。 3. 词形变化:序数词有特殊词形变化(多数加-th,部分特殊变化);基数词除one→first、two→second等对应序数词外,本身无其他词形变化(除hundred/thousand/million等的单复数)。 4. 搭配规则:与名词连用时,基数词修饰可数名词复数(除one外),序数词修饰可数名词单数,且前面常加the;分数、百分数修饰名词时,需根据名词性质确定谓语动词单复数。 特征口诀 数词分两类,基数序数次;基数表数量,序数表顺序。 基数直接数,one到hundred;序数有变化,th结尾别漏下。 分数分子基,分母序,分子大于一,分母加-s;倍数倍数加times,分数倍数看名词。 时间日期用数词,零冠词用法要记实;易错点多勤练习,高考得分不费力。 单句填空限时训练 1 1. There are ______ (three) books on the desk. The ______ (three) one is mine. 2. He is ______ (fifty) years old, and he will have his ______ (fifty) birthday next month. 3. ______ (one) of the students in our class is from Beijing. 4. This is the ______ (twelve) lesson we have learned this term. 5. There are ______ (hundred) of people in the square. 6. He bought ______ (two) bottles of milk and ______ (a) loaf of bread. 7. The meeting will start at ______ (8:30) this evening. 8. She got the ______ (one) prize in the singing competition. 9. There are ______ (thousand) of trees in the forest. 10. Today is my brother’s ______ (eighteen) birthday. 11. ______ (two) thirds of the land is covered with water. 12. He is ______ (three) years older than me. 13. The city has a population of over ______ (two) million. 14. This book is ______ (five) times thicker than that one. 15. She finished the work in ______ (one) and a half hours. 16. The ______ (five) day of the week is Thursday. 17. There are ______ (sixteen) girls in our class. 18. He has ______ (three) times as many books as I do. 19. The temperature will drop to ______ (minus five) degrees Celsius tonight. 20. This is the ______ (forty) anniversary of our school. 答案 + 详细解析 1. three; third 解析:考查基数词与序数词辨析。第一空表“数量”,用基数词three;第二空表“顺序(第三本)”,用序数词third,前面省略the(有定语one修饰)。 2. fifty; fiftieth 解析:考查基数词表年龄、序数词表生日。第一空“五十岁”用基数词fifty;第二空“五十岁生日”即“第五十个生日”,用序数词fiftieth,前面加his修饰,省略the。 3. One 解析:考查基数词表比例。“one of + 复数名词”表示“……之一”,句首首字母大写,用One,注意不能用First(序数词不用于此结构)。 4. twelfth 解析:考查序数词表顺序。“第十二节课”用序数词twelfth,前面加the,twelve的序数词变化为不规则(twelve→twelfth),注意拼写。 5. hundreds 解析:考查基数词hundred的用法。hundred与of连用时,需用复数形式hundreds,“hundreds of”表示“数百的”,泛指数量多;若前面有具体数字,hundred用单数。 6. two; a 解析:考查基数词修饰可数名词。“两瓶牛奶”用基数词two修饰复数名词bottles;“一条面包”用a loaf of,a此处表数量“一”,属于基数词范畴(one的简略形式)。 7. half past eight / eight thirty 解析:考查数词表示时间。8:30的英语表达有两种:half past eight(半点表达)或eight thirty(直接读数),两种均可,符合高考常用表达。 8. first 解析:考查序数词表等级。“一等奖”用序数词first,“the first prize”是固定搭配,first为one的序数词,不规则变化。 9. thousands 解析:考查基数词thousand的用法。与of连用时,thousand用复数thousands,“thousands of”表示“数千的”,泛指数量;前面有具体数字时,用单数thousand。 10. eighteenth 解析:考查序数词表生日。“十八岁生日”即“第十八个生日”,用序数词eighteenth,eighteen的序数词变化为规则变化(加-th),注意拼写(eighteen→eighteenth)。 11. Two 解析:考查分数表达。分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加-s;“三分之二”即Two thirds,句首首字母大写。 12. three 解析:考查基数词表年龄差。“大三岁”用基数词three,“基数词 + years older than”是固定结构,表年龄差。 13. two 解析:考查基数词million的用法。前面有具体数字two时,million用单数形式,“two million”表示“两百万”,后面直接接名词复数(无需加of)。 14. five 解析:考查数词表倍数。“五倍厚”用基数词five,“倍数 + times + 形容词比较级 + than”是固定结构,表倍数关系。 15. one 解析:考查基数词表示时间。“一个半小时”的表达为one and a half hours,基数词one不能用序数词first,注意hour用复数(超过1小时)。 16. fifth 解析:考查序数词表星期。“一周的第五天是星期四”(西方习惯,周日为第一天),用序数词fifth,five的序数词为不规则变化(five→fifth)。 17. sixteen 解析:考查基数词表数量。“十六个女孩”用基数词sixteen,修饰复数名词girls,sixteen为规则基数词,直接拼写即可。 18. three 解析:考查数词表倍数。“三倍多的书”用基数词three,“倍数 + times + as many + 复数名词 + as”是固定结构,表倍数比较。 19. minus five 解析:考查数词表示温度。“零下五度”用“minus + 基数词”,即minus five,minus此处表示“负的、零下的”。 20. fortieth 解析:考查序数词表周年。“第四十周年”用序数词fortieth,forty的序数词变化为规则变化(变y为i,加-eth),注意拼写(forty→fortieth)。 二、数词的分类(基数词、序数词,高三核心) 数词主要分为两大类:基数词和序数词,两者用法不同,核心区别的是“数量”与“顺序”,是高考数词考查的核心,需重点区分并掌握。 1. 基数词(Cardinal Numerals) 核心功能:表示“数量多少”,是数词的基础形式,可用于计数、年龄、时间、度量、人口等场景,高考中侧重考查与名词的搭配、hundred/thousand/million等的用法。 核心分类(高考高频范围) 1-19:不规则拼写(需熟记):one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen。 20-99:整十数(规则,加-ty):twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;非整十数(几十几,中间加连字符):twenty-one, thirty-five, forty-eight(注意:连字符不能省略,高考短文改错常考)。 100及以上:100(hundred)、1000(thousand)、1000000(million)、1000000000(billion);表达规则:具体数字 + hundred/thousand/million/billion(单数)+ 复数名词;泛指数量(数百、数千):hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + of + 复数名词。 ✅ 例句:two hundred students(两百名学生,具体数字,hundred用单数);hundreds of students(数百名学生,泛指,hundred用复数)。 2. 序数词(Ordinal Numerals) 核心功能:表示“顺序、等级、日期”,由基数词变化而来,高考中侧重考查拼写、前面the的用法、与名词的搭配。 核心变化规则(高考必考,分三类) 1. 规则变化:多数基数词加-th(注意拼写细节)→ four→fourth, six→sixth, seven→seventh, ten→tenth, thirteen→thirteenth, twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth(整十数变y为i,加-eth)。 2. 不规则变化(必须熟记,高考高频):one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth。 3. 几十几的序数词:只变个位,十位不变,中间加连字符→ twenty-one→twenty-first, thirty-five→thirty-fifth, forty-eight→forty-eighth(连字符不能省略)。 ✅ 例句:the first day(第一天)、the twenty-third of May(5月23日)、the thirty-fifth lesson(第三十五课)。 注意:序数词前面通常加the,但如果前面有形容词性物主代词(my, his, her等)或名词所有格,可省略the(如:my third book 我的第三本书,无需加the)。 单句填空限时训练 2 1. There are ______ (seventeen) boys in our class. The ______ (seventeen) boy is my deskmate. 2. My father is ______ (forty) years old, and today is his ______ (forty) birthday. 3. ______ (Eight) of the students have passed the exam. 4. This is the ______ (nine) time I have seen this movie. 5. There are ______ (two hundred) students in the school hall. 6. She bought ______ (thirty-two) apples and ______ (one) orange. 7. The train will arrive at ______ (9:15) tomorrow morning. 8. He got the ______ (three) prize in the math competition. 9. ______ (Thousand) of birds fly to the south in winter. 10. Today is September the ______ (twenty-first). 11. ______ (Three) quarters of the students are boys. 12. She is ______ (five) years younger than her sister. 13. The city has a population of over ______ (three) million. 14. This bridge is ______ (two) times longer than that one. 15. He finished his homework in ______ (two) and a half hours. 16. The ______ (seven) day of the week is Saturday. 17. There are ______ (nineteen) girls in the art club. 18. She has ______ (four) times as much money as I do. 19. The temperature is ______ (plus ten) degrees Celsius today. 20. This is the ______ (fiftieth) anniversary of the founding of the company. 答案 + 详细解析 1. seventeen; seventeenth 解析:第一空表数量“十七个男孩”,用基数词seventeen;第二空表顺序“第十七个男孩”,用序数词seventeenth,规则变化(加-th)。 2. forty; fortieth 解析:第一空“四十岁”用基数词forty;第二空“四十岁生日”即“第四十个生日”,用序数词fortieth,整十数变y为i加-eth,拼写注意(forty→fortieth)。 3. Eight 解析:“eight of the students”表示“八名学生”,基数词表数量,句首首字母大写,不能用Eighth(序数词不用于此结构)。 4. ninth 解析:表“第九次”,用序数词ninth,nine的序数词为不规则变化(nine→ninth),前面加the,注意拼写(不要写成ninth)。 5. two hundred 解析:前面有具体数字two,hundred用单数形式,“two hundred students”表示“两百名学生”,后面直接接名词复数,无需加of。 6. thirty-two; one 解析:“三十二个苹果”用基数词thirty-two(几十几加连字符);“一个橙子”用基数词one,修饰单数名词orange。 7. a quarter past nine / nine fifteen 解析:9:15的英语表达有两种:a quarter past nine(一刻钟表达)或nine fifteen(直接读数),均为高考常用表达。 8. third 解析:“三等奖”用序数词third,“the third prize”是固定搭配,three的序数词为不规则变化(three→third)。 9. Thousands 解析:与of连用时,thousand用复数thousands,“thousands of birds”表示“数千只鸟”,泛指数量,句首首字母大写。 10. twenty-first 解析:表日期“9月21日”,序数词twenty-first,几十几的序数词只变个位,十位不变,加连字符,前面加the。 11. Three 解析:“四分之三”用Three quarters,分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时分母加-s,句首首字母大写。 12. five 解析:“小五岁”用基数词five,“基数词 + years younger than”是固定结构,表年龄差。 13. three 解析:前面有具体数字three,million用单数,“three million”表示“三百万”,后面直接接名词复数。 14. two 解析:“两倍长”用基数词two,“倍数 + times + 形容词比较级 + than”是固定结构,表倍数关系。 15. two 解析:“两个半小时”用two and a half hours,基数词two不能用序数词second,hour用复数(超过1小时)。 16. seventh 解析:西方习惯中,周日为一周第一天,“第七天是周六”,用序数词seventh,seven的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。 17. nineteen 解析:“十九个女孩”用基数词nineteen,修饰复数名词girls,nineteen为不规则基数词,需熟记拼写。 18. four 解析:“四倍多的钱”用基数词four,“倍数 + times + as much + 不可数名词 + as”是固定结构,money为不可数名词,故用much。 19. plus ten 解析:“零上十度”用“plus + 基数词”,即plus ten,plus此处表示“正的、零上的”,可省略plus,直接写ten。 20. fiftieth 解析:“第五十周年”用序数词fiftieth,fifty的序数词为规则变化(变y为i加-eth),注意拼写(fifty→fiftieth)。 三、基数词的用法(计数、年龄、时间、度量等) 基数词是高考数词考查的基础,核心用法集中在“数量描述”的各类场景,需掌握不同场景的搭配规则,避免易错点(如hundred/thousand的单复数、连字符用法等)。 1. 表计数(最常用) 用于表示人、物的具体数量,修饰名词时,需注意名词的单复数: - 基数词1:修饰单数可数名词(one + 单数名词)→ one book(一本书)、one student(一名学生)。 - 基数词2及以上:修饰复数可数名词(基数词 + 复数名词)→ two books(两本书)、thirty students(三十名学生)。 - 修饰不可数名词:需搭配单位词(piece, bottle, cup等),再用基数词修饰单位词→ two pieces of paper(两张纸)、three bottles of water(三瓶水)。 ✅ 例句:I have three pens and one pencil.(我有三支钢笔和一支铅笔。);She bought two boxes of milk.(她买了两盒牛奶。) 表年龄 核心结构:基数词 + years old(可省略old),也可直接用基数词(口语中)。 ✅ 例句:He is ten (years old).(他十岁了。);My sister is eighteen years old.(我姐姐十八岁了。) ⚠️ 易错点:不能说“ten year old”(year需用复数),也不能说“the ten years old”(无需加the)。 3. 表时间(高考高频) 主要有两种表达方法,均需用基数词,高考常考“半点、一刻钟”的表达: 1. 直接读数法:小时 + 分钟 → 8:00(eight o’clock)、9:15(nine fifteen)、10:30(ten thirty)。 2. 间接读数法: - 分钟 ≤ 30:分钟 + past + 小时 → 9:15(a quarter past nine,一刻钟= a quarter)、10:20(twenty past ten)。 - 分钟 > 30:(60 - 分钟)+ to + (小时 + 1) → 9:45(a quarter to ten)、10:50(ten to eleven)。 ⚠️ 易错点:a quarter 表示“一刻钟(15分钟)”,half 表示“半小时(30分钟)”,不能说“fifteen minutes past nine”(虽正确,但高考更常用a quarter past nine)。 4. 表度量(长度、重量、面积等) 结构:基数词 + 度量单位(meter, kilogram, square meter等),单位词根据基数词单复数变化(基数词≥2时,单位词用复数)。 ✅ 例句:The desk is two meters long.(这张桌子两米长。);He weighs sixty kilograms.(他重六十公斤。);The room is twenty square meters.(这个房间二十平方米。) 5. 表人口、数量范围 核心考查hundred/thousand/million/billion的用法(高考易错点): - 具体数字 + hundred/thousand/million/billion(单数)+ 复数名词 → 表示确切数量。 - hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + of + 复数名词 → 表示泛指数量(数百、数千、数百万、数十亿)。 ✅ 例句:five hundred people(五百人)、three thousand trees(三千棵树);hundreds of people(数百人)、thousands of trees(数千棵树)。 易错点:不能说“five hundreds people”“three thousands of trees”(具体数字后用单数,of只用于泛指)。 单句填空限时训练 3 1. I have ______ (one) pen and ______ (two) pencils in my pencil box. 2. She is ______ (thirteen) years old, and she will be ______ (fourteen) next year. 3. The meeting will start at ______ (10:45) a.m. tomorrow. 4. This river is ______ (fifty) meters wide. 5. There are ______ (three hundred and fifty) students in our grade. 6. He bought ______ (four) pieces of bread and ______ (one) bottle of juice. 7. ______ (Hundred) of people attended the concert last night. 8. My brother weighs ______ (seventy-five) kilograms. 9. The train will leave at ______ (7:30) p.m. 10. There are ______ (two thousand) books in our school library. 11. She drank ______ (three) cups of tea this morning. 12. The boy is ______ (nine) years old, and he is in Grade ______ (four). 13. The city has a population of ______ (one million) people. 14. This bridge is ______ (one hundred and twenty) meters long. 15. ______ (Thousand) of birds are flying in the sky. 16. I have ______ (five) boxes of chocolates. 17. The meeting will last for ______ (two) hours and ______ (thirty) minutes. 18. He is ______ (sixty) years old, and he still works hard. 19. There are ______ (four hundred) workers in the factory. 20. She bought ______ (six) bottles of milk. 答案 + 详细解析 1. one; two 解析:考查基数词表计数。one修饰单数名词pen,two修饰复数名词pencils,符合基数词与名词的搭配规则。 2. thirteen; fourteen 解析:考查基数词表年龄。“十三岁”用thirteen years old,“明年十四岁”用fourteen,均为基数词表具体年龄。 3. a quarter to eleven / ten forty-five 解析:考查基数词表时间。10:45分钟超过30,用间接读数法a quarter to eleven,也可直接读数ten forty-five,两种均可。 4. fifty 解析:考查基数词表度量。“五十米宽”用基数词fifty修饰度量单位meter,meter用复数(fifty≥2),此处前面有fifty,meter已用复数,空格填fifty。 5. three hundred and fifty 解析:考查基数词表确切数量。“三百五十名学生”用具体数字three hundred and fifty,hundred用单数,and可省略(高考中可写three hundred fifty)。 6. four; one 解析:考查基数词修饰不可数名词(需搭配单位词)。bread为不可数名词,用four pieces of修饰;juice为不可数名词,用one bottle of修饰,基数词four和one分别修饰单位词pieces和bottle。 7. Hundreds 解析:考查基数词hundred的泛指用法。与of连用时,hundred用复数Hundreds,“hundreds of people”表示“数百人”,句首首字母大写。 8. seventy-five 解析:考查基数词表度量(重量)。“七十五公斤”用基数词seventy-five(几十几加连字符),修饰度量单位kilogram,kilogram用复数(seventy-five≥2)。 9. half past seven / seven thirty 解析:考查基数词表时间。7:30为半点,用间接读数法half past seven,也可直接读数seven thirty,均为高考常用表达。 10. two thousand 解析:考查基数词thousand的确切用法。前面有具体数字two,thousand用单数,“two thousand books”表示“两千本书”,后面直接接名词复数。 11. three 解析:考查基数词修饰单位词。tea为不可数名词,用three cups of修饰,基数词three修饰单位词cups,cups用复数。 12. nine; Four 解析:考查基数词表年龄和年级。“九岁”用nine years old;“四年级”用Grade Four,Grade后用基数词,首字母大写。 13. one million 解析:考查基数词million的确切用法。前面有具体数字one,million用单数,“one million people”表示“一百万人”,后面直接接名词复数。 14. one hundred and twenty 解析:考查基数词表度量(长度)。“一百二十米长”用具体数字one hundred and twenty,hundred用单数,修饰度量单位meter,meter用复数。 15. Thousands 解析:考查基数词thousand的泛指用法。与of连用时,thousand用复数Thousands,“thousands of birds”表示“数千只鸟”,句首首字母大写。 16. five 解析:考查基数词修饰单位词。chocolates此处为可数名词复数(盒装巧克力),也可视为不可数名词,用five boxes of修饰,基数词five修饰单位词boxes。 16. 17. two; thirty 解析:考查基数词表时间(时长)。“两个小时三十分钟”用基数词two修饰hours,thirty修饰minutes,均为基数词表具体数量。 18. sixty 解析:考查基数词表年龄。“六十岁”用sixty years old,空格填基数词sixty。 19. four hundred 解析:考查基数词hundred的确切用法。前面有具体数字four,hundred用单数,“four hundred workers”表示“四百名工人”,后面直接接名词复数。 20. six 解析:考查基数词修饰单位词。milk为不可数名词,用six bottles of修饰,基数词six修饰单位词bottles,bottles用复数。 四、序数词的用法(顺序、日期、等级等) 序数词的核心是“表顺序”,高考考查重点集中在:拼写、前面the的用法、日期表达、等级表达,易错点为不规则变化的拼写和the的省略情况。 1. 表顺序(最常用) 用于表示人、物的顺序,修饰名词时,名词通常用单数,前面通常加the;若前面有形容词性物主代词(my, his, her等)或名词所有格,可省略the。 ✅ 例句:the first lesson(第一节课)、the second floor(二楼)、my third book(我的第三本书)、Tom’s fifth birthday(汤姆的第五个生日)。 ⚠️ 易错点:序数词修饰名词时,名词必须用单数(如:the third book,不能说the third books);前面有物主代词时,不能再加the(如:my first teacher,不能说my the first teacher)。 2. 表日期(高考高频) 英语日期的表达有两种,均需用序数词,核心是“日”用序数词,月份和年用基数词: 1. 美式表达:月份 + 序数词 + 年 → June 1st, 2024(2024年6月1日)。 2. 英式表达:序数词 + 月份 + 年 → 1st June, 2024(2024年6月1日)。 ✅ 例句:Today is October 10th, 2024.(今天是2024年10月10日。);Her birthday is on 5th March.(她的生日在3月5日。) ⚠️ 易错点:日期中的序数词可缩写(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...),但拼写时需写完整(first, second, third...);月份首字母必须大写,年用基数词。 3. 表等级、名次 用于表示比赛、考试的名次,核心搭配:the + 序数词 + prize(奖品)、get the + 序数词 + place(获得第……名)。 ✅ 例句:He got the first place in the race.(他在比赛中获得第一名。);She won the second prize in the speech contest.(她在演讲比赛中获得二等奖。) 4. 表分数(分母用序数词) 分数的表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加-s(详细用法见第五模块)。 ✅ 例句:one third(三分之一)、two fifths(五分之二)、three quarters(四分之三)。 单句填空限时训练 4 1. This is the ______ (one) time I have been to Beijing. 2. Her birthday is on August the ______ (twenty-third). 3. He got the ______ (two) place in the English competition. 4. My ______ (three) brother is a doctor. 5. The ______ (five) lesson is about environmental protection. 6. Today is the ______ (eighth) of September. 7. She won the ______ (four) prize in the painting competition. 8. His ______ (nine) birthday is coming soon. 9. The ______ (twelve) month of the year is December. 10. I live on the ______ (third) floor of this building. 11. This is my ______ (fourth) time to visit this museum. 12. The ______ (sixteenth) day of the month is my sister’s birthday. 13. He got the ______ (first) prize in the math exam. 14. Her ______ (seventh) birthday party will be held this weekend. 15. The ______ (nineteenth) lesson is very difficult. 16. Today is the ______ (twentieth) of May. 17. She won the ______ (third) place in the singing contest. 18. My ______ (fifth) sister is a teacher. 19. The ______ (eighth) month of the year is August. 20. This is the ______ (forty-first) anniversary of our school. 答案 + 详细解析 1. first 解析:考查序数词表顺序。“第一次去北京”用序数词first,前面加the,one的序数词为不规则变化。 2. twenty-third 解析:考查序数词表日期。“8月23日”的“日”用序数词twenty-third,前面加the,几十几的序数词只变个位,十位不变,加连字符。 3. second 解析:考查序数词表名次。“获得第二名”用序数词second,“the second place”是固定搭配,two的序数词为不规则变化。 4. third 解析:考查序数词表顺序(兄弟姐妹排行)。“我的三哥”用序数词third,前面有物主代词my,省略the,three的序数词为不规则变化。 5. fifth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(课程)。“第五节课”用序数词fifth,前面加the,five的序数词为不规则变化。 6. eighth 解析:考查序数词表日期。“9月8日”的“日”用序数词eighth,前面加the,eight的序数词为不规则变化(eight→eighth)。 7. fourth 解析:考查序数词表名次。“获得四等奖”用序数词fourth,“the fourth prize”是固定搭配,four的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。 8. ninth 解析:考查序数词表生日。“第九个生日”用序数词ninth,前面有物主代词his,省略the,nine的序数词为不规则变化(nine→ninth)。 9. twelfth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(月份)。“一年的第十二个月是十二月”,用序数词twelfth,前面加the,twelve的序数词为不规则变化。 10. third 解析:考查序数词表顺序(楼层)。“住在三楼”用序数词third,“the third floor”是固定搭配,three的序数词为不规则变化。 11. fourth 解析:考查序数词表顺序。“第四次参观博物馆”用序数词fourth,前面有物主代词my,省略the,four的序数词为规则变化。 12. sixteenth 解析:考查序数词表日期。“这个月的第十六天”用序数词sixteenth,前面加the,sixteen的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。 13. first 解析:考查序数词表名次。“获得一等奖”用序数词first,“the first prize”是固定搭配,one的序数词为不规则变化。 14. seventh 解析:考查序数词表生日。“第七个生日派对”用序数词seventh,前面有物主代词her,省略the,seven的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。 14. 15. nineteenth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(课程)。“第十九节课”用序数词nineteenth,前面加the,nineteen的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。 16. twentieth 解析:考查序数词表日期。“5月20日”的“日”用序数词twentieth,前面加the,twenty的序数词为规则变化(变y为i加-eth)。 17. third 解析:考查序数词表名次。“获得第三名”用序数词third,“the third place”是固定搭配,three的序数词为不规则变化。 18. fifth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(兄弟姐妹排行)。“我的五姐”用序数词fifth,前面有物主代词my,省略the,five的序数词为不规则变化。 19. eighth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(月份)。“一年的第八个月是八月”,用序数词eighth,前面加the,eight的序数词为不规则变化。 20. forty-first 解析:考查序数词表周年。“第四十一周年”用序数词forty-first,几十几的序数词只变个位,十位不变,加连字符,forty的序数词为规则变化(变y为i加-eth)。 五、数词的特殊用法(分数、小数、百分数、倍数) 这是高三英语数词的核心重难点,高考中常结合语法填空、短文改错考查,尤其是分数、倍数的表达及主谓一致,需重点掌握每种用法的规则和易错点。 1. 分数(Fractions)(高考高频) 核心表达规则(必须熟记) 1. 分子:用基数词(one, two, three...)。 2. 分母:用序数词(first, second, third...),分子大于1时,分母加-s。 3. 特殊表达:1/2 用 a half(不用 one second);1/4 用 a quarter(不用 one fourth);3/4 用 three quarters(不用 three fourths)。 4. 带分数:整数部分 + and + 分数 → 2 1/2(two and a half)、3 2/3(three and two thirds)。 主谓一致规则(高考易错点) 分数修饰名词时,谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数决定: - 修饰可数名词复数:谓语动词用复数 → Two thirds of the students are boys.(三分之二的学生是男孩。) - 修饰不可数名词:谓语动词用单数 → One fourth of the water is dirty.(四分之一的水是脏的。) ✅ 例句:One third of the land is covered with grass.(三分之一的土地被草覆盖。);Three fifths of the books are new.(五分之三的书是新的。) 2. 小数(Decimals) 核心表达规则:直接读数,小数点读作 point,小数点后的数字逐个读出(均用基数词)。 ✅ 例句:0.5(zero point five / point five)、1.25(one point two five)、3.1415(three point one four one five)。 易错点:小数点前的0可省略(如 point five),但高考中建议写zero point five,更规范;小数点后的数字不能连读,需逐个读出。 3. 百分数(Percentages) 核心表达规则:基数词 + percent(不可数,无复数),缩写为%(高考中可写percent或%)。 主谓一致规则(与分数一致) - 修饰可数名词复数:谓语动词用复数 → 60 percent of the students are from the countryside.(60%的学生来自农村。) - 修饰不可数名词:谓语动词用单数 → 30 percent of the water is clean.(30%的水是干净的。) ✅ 例句:50 percent of the time is spent on study.(50%的时间用于学习。);70 percent of the trees are planted by students.(70%的树是学生种的。) 易错点:percent不能加s(如:不能说50 percents),缩写%后面无需加s。 4. 倍数(Multiples)(高考核心重难点) 核心表达规则(三种常用结构,高考常考前两种): 1. 倍数 + times + as + 形容词原级 + as → 表示“是……的几倍”。 2. ✅ 例句:This room is three times as big as that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。) 3. 倍数 + times + 形容词比较级 + than → 表示“比……大/多几倍”。 4. ✅ 例句:This room is two times bigger than that one.(这个房间比那个房间大两倍/是那个房间的三倍大。) 5. 倍数 + times + the + 名词(size, length, width等)+ of → 表示“是……的几倍大/长/宽”。 6. ✅ 例句:This room is three times the size of that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。) ⚠️ 易错点:倍数表达中,“两倍”用two times或twice(twice更常用),不能说two time;倍数后面的times不能省略。 单句填空限时训练 5 1. Two thirds of the earth’s surface ______ (cover) by water. 2. Nearly 40 percent of the forest ______ (destroy) in the past ten years. 3. This bridge is twice as long ______ that one. 4. Three ______ (quarter) of the money has been used up. 5. One and a half apples ______ (be) left on the table. 6. The yard is three times the ______ (wide) of our classroom. 7. 0.8 is read as zero point ______ (eight). 8. Sixty percent of the workers in this factory ______ (be) women. 9. This river is three times ______ (long) than that small river. 10. One ______ (five) of the homework is too difficult for students. 11. Half of the bread ______ (go) bad already. 12. The new stadium is four times ______ big as the old one. 13. 3.15 is read as three point one ______ (five). 14. Seventy ______ (percent) of the sand is blown away by the wind. 15. Two fifths of the teachers ______ (have) rich teaching experience. 16. The building is twice ______ (tall) than the library. 17. One fourth of the information ______ (be) useless for our research. 18. The lake is twice the ______ (deep) of this pool. 19. Two ______ (time) as many books will be bought next term. 20. Three and a half ______ (month) is enough to finish the task. 答案 + 详细解析 1. is covered解析:分数 + 不可数名词 surface,谓语用单数;surface 与 cover 为被动关系,一般现在时被动。 2. has been destroyed解析:percent + 不可数名词 forest,谓语单数;in the past ten years 用现在完成时,森林被破坏,被动语态。 3. as解析:倍数固定结构:倍数 + as + 原级 + as。 4. quarters解析:分子大于 1,分母序数词用复数;three quarters 四分之三,固定搭配。 5. are解析:one and a half + 可数名词复数,整体作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 6. width解析:倍数结构:倍数 + the + 名词 (size/length/width/depth)+of,wide 名词为 width。 7. eight解析:小数读法:小数点后数字用基数词逐个读出。 8. are解析:percent + 可数名词复数 workers,谓语动词用复数。 9. longer解析:倍数比较级结构:倍数 + 比较级 + than,long 比较级 longer。 10. fifth解析:分数规则:分母用序数词,one fifth 五分之一。 11. has gone解析:half 等同于分数,修饰不可数名词 bread,谓语单数;already 用现在完成时。 12. as解析:倍数原级固定搭配:as big as。 13. five解析:小数读数规则,小数点后数字逐个用基数词。 14. percent解析:percent 永远无复数,前面直接加数词。 15. have解析:分数 + 可数名词复数 teachers,谓语动词用复数。 16. taller解析:倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than,tall 比较级 taller。 17. is解析:分数 + 不可数名词 information,谓语动词用单数。 18. depth解析:the + 名词 + of 结构,deep 名词 depth(深度)。 19. times解析:time 表 “倍数” 时为可数名词,two times=twice。 20. months解析:three and a half 后接可数名词复数;整体时间段作主语,谓语用单数,仅名词变复数。 六、易混数词及用法辨析(高考高频易混) 1. hundred /thousand/million /billion 「有无 s + of」核心辨析 ① 确切数字(具体数字) 前面有基数词(one、two、ten 等)→ 不加 s,不加 of 结构:基数词 + hundred/thousand/million + 名词复数 例: five hundred students 五百名学生 three thousand trees 三千棵树 ② 模糊概数(不具体数字) 无具体基数词,表 “成百上千、成千上万”→ 加 s + of 结构:hundreds /thousands/millions + of + 名词复数 例: hundreds of people 数百人 thousands of tourists 成千上万的游客 致命易错(改错必考) ❌ five hundreds of ❌ hundreds student ✅ five hundred students ✅ hundreds of students 2. dozen /score 易混辨析(高考冷频但易错) (1)dozen 一打(12 个) 确切数:基数词 + dozen 不加 s,无 of two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 模糊概数:dozens of + 名词复数 几十个;许多 (2)score 二十 确切数:基数词 + score 不加 s three score years 六十年 固定搭配:scores of 许多,大量 特殊固定:two score of them(限定范围时可加 of) 3. another + 数词 vs 数词 + more/other 同义转换:还要 / 再来…… another + 基数词 + 名词 基数词 + more/other + 名词 例: another three days = three more days 另外三天 another ten books = ten other books 额外十本书 4. 序数词易混:first /at first ;last /at last first 第一(序数词,表顺序) He is the first to arrive. at first 起初;一开始(时间状语,表转折) At first I disliked English, but now I love it. last 最后的;上一个 the last page 最后一页 /last year 去年 at last 终于;最终(表历经波折) At last, we finished the task. 5. 倍数易混:twice /two times ;double twice 两倍(高考首选,正式用法) two times 两倍(口语化,语法正确) 错误表达:❌ two time double 可作形容词 / 动词 / 名词 double the size 两倍大小 ;The price doubled. 价格翻倍 6. 分数易混:a half /half a ;a quarter 1/2 固定:a half /half a/an + 名词 half an hour 半小时 = a half hour 1/4:a quarter ;3/4:three quarters ❌ one fourth(书面少用,高考优先 quarter) 七、数词固定搭配 + 全网高频易错点(必背) (一)时间 & 年龄固定数词搭配 in one’s + 整十数词复数 → 在某人几十多岁时 in his thirties 在他三十多岁 in her fifties 在她五十多岁 易错:整十变复数,不能用单数 ❌ in his thirty in the + 整十数词复数 + 年代 → 在…… 世纪…… 年代 in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代 in the 2020s 在 21 世纪 20 年代 ⚠️必记:年代必须加 the + 复数 s one day 某天(过去 / 将来) some day 将来某天 the other day 几天前(一般过去时) (二)高频数量固定短语 a dozen of 一打…… scores of 许多;大量 hundreds of 数百 thousands of 成千上万 millions of 数百万 one by one 一个接一个 day by day 日复一日 twice a week 一周两次(次数表达) (三)主谓一致终极易错汇总 1、分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词 2、谓语动词单复数看 of 后的名词 3、不可数 / 单数名词→谓语单数;复数名词→谓语复数 4、Two thirds of the water is… 5、40 percent of the students are… 6、one and a half + 名词复数 7、作主语,谓语动词用单数 8、One and a half hours is enough. 9、many a + 单数名词 许多 10、形式单数,意义复数,谓语单数 11、Many a student has made the mistake. 12、every + 数词 每隔…… 13、every three days 每三天 = every third day (四)书写 & 形式易错点 1. percent 无复数 ❌ 60 percents ✅ 60 percent 2. 小数点后数字逐个读 3.26 → three point two six 3. 带分数:整数 + and + 分数 two and a half days 两天半 4. 序数词缩写:1st 2nd 3rd 4th 规律牢记 5. “第几” 必须加 the the second floor 二楼 (五)倍数表达三大避错 1. A is 3 times as + 原级 + as B 2. A is 3 times + 比较级 + than B 3. A is 3 times the +size/length/width/depth/height+ of B 4、两倍只用 twice/two times,无 second time 5、倍数结构中 the + 名词 不能省略 (六)高频小短语速记 first of all 首先 second to none 首屈一指 at one time 曾经 in two minds 犹豫不决 ten to one 十有八九(很可能) 单句填空限时训练 6 1. There are ______ (hundred) of people gathering in the square. 2. Five ______ (thousand) villagers have moved into new houses. 3. He bought two ______ (dozen) eggs from the supermarket yesterday. 4. ______ (score) of volunteers came to help with the community work. 5. We need ______ (another) three days to finish the project. 6. The writer became famous in his ______ (thirty). 7. People’s living conditions improved greatly in the ______ (1990). 8. Many a student ______ (have) realized the importance of grammar. 9. One and a half days ______ (be) too short for this difficult task. 10. They go hiking ______ (two) a month to relax themselves. 11. Ten to one, he ______ (miss) the early bus tomorrow. 12. We have stayed here for days; we need three ______ (much) chairs. 13. At ______ (one), I found physics hard to learn. 14. Three ______ (score) workers attended the meeting last Friday. 15. Hundreds of millions of trees ______ (plant) in recent years. 答案 + 超详细解析 1、hundreds 解析:无具体基数词,表模糊概数,用 hundreds of 成百上千。 2、thousand 解析:前面有具体数字 Five,表确切数量,thousand 不加 s、不加 of。 3、dozen 解析:基数词 two 修饰 dozen,表确切数量,dozen 用原形,无 s。 4、Scores 解析:固定搭配 scores of 许多、大量,句首首字母大写。 5、another 解析:固定结构:another + 数词 + 名词 = 数词 + more + 名词,意为 “额外的、再……”。 6、thirties 解析:固定结构:in one’s + 整十数复数,表示 “在某人几十多岁时”。 7、1990s / 1990’s 解析:固定结构:in the + 年份复数,表示 “…… 年代”。 8、has 解析:many a + 单数名词 作主语,意义复数、语法单数,谓语动词用单数。 9、is 解析:one and a half + 名词复数 作主语,视作一个整体,谓语用单数。 10、twice 解析:次数表达:twice a month 一月两次,固定用法。 11、will miss 解析:ten to one 十有八九,表将来推测,用一般将来时。 12、more 解析:数词 + more + 名词 表 “再 / 另外……”,= another three chairs。 13、first 解析:固定短语 at first 起初,一开始,为高考高频固定搭配。 14、score 解析:基数词 Three 修饰 score,表确切数量,score 用原形。 15、have been planted 解析: ① 主语 trees 为复数; ② in recent years 用现在完成时; ③ 树木与 plant 为被动关系,故用现在完成时被动。 七、数词过关检测 1. December is the ______ (twelve) month of a year. 2. There are ______ (hundred) of people gathering in the square to celebrate the festival. 3. The bridge is two ______ (hundred) meters long, built in 1990. 4. It’s reported that ______ (two) thirds of the farmland has been watered. 5. He became a teacher in his ______ (twenty). 6. The old man passed away in the ______ (ninety) of last century. 7. This is the ______ (five) time that I have visited the ancient city. 8. About three ______ (thousand) students took part in the sports meeting last week. 9. ______ (one) of my best friends will go abroad next month. 10. The meeting will be held on June the ______ (eight). 11. As far as I know, only one ______ (ten) of the workers are women. 12. The factory produced twice as many cars in 2025 as it did in the ______ (1980). 13. She is the ______ (three) child in her family. 14. Millions ______ stars are shining brightly in the night sky. 15. There is a tall tree at the ______ (end) of the street, No. ______ (forty-five). 16. It took him one and a half ______ (hour) to finish the task. 17. The weight of the box is three ______ (kilo), easy to carry. 18. ______ (dozen) of books are donated to the rural schools every year. 19. The price of the house is ______ (four) times higher than it was ten years ago. 20. Class ______ (nine) won the first prize in the school singing competition. 答案 + 详细解析 1、twelfth解析:考查序数词。句意:十二月是一年中的第十二个月份。定冠词 the + 序数词,twelve 变序数词为不规则变化 twelfth。 2、hundreds解析:考查概数用法。hundreds of 为固定搭配,表示 “成百上千的”;模糊概数时,hundred/thousand 用复数 + of。 3、hundred解析:考查具体数字用法。前面有具体数字 two,hundred 用单数原形,不加 s 和 of。 4、two 解析:考查分数表达。分数规则:分子基数词,分母序数词;分子大于 1,分母加 s。two thirds 三分之二。 5、twenties 解析:固定搭配 in one’s + 整十数复数,表示 “在某人几十多岁时”。in his twenties 在他二十多岁时。 6、nineties 解析:年代固定结构:in the + 整十数复数 + of...。in the nineties of last century 在上世纪 90 年代。 7、fifth 解析:固定句型:This is the + 序数词 + time that... 表示 “这是第几次做某事”,five 序数词 fifth。 8、thousand 解析:前面有具体数字 three,thousand 用单数原形,无 s 无 of。 9、One 解析:one of + 复数名词,表示 “…… 之一”,句首首字母大写。 10、eighth 解析:日期表达:月份 + the + 序数词。eight 序数词 eighth。 11、tenth 解析:分数表达,分子 one(单数),分母用序数词单数 tenth。one tenth 十分之一。 12、1980s/1980’s 解析:年代表达 in the + 年份 s,in the 1980s 在 20 世纪 80 年代。 13、third 解析:定冠词 the 后接序数词表顺序,the third child 第三个孩子。 14、of 解析:固定搭配 millions of 数百万的,模糊概数必须加 of。 15、forty-five 解析:编号表达:No. + 基数词,用连字符连接复合数词。 16、hours 解析:one and a half + 可数名词复数,表示 “一个半……”,hour 复数 hours。 17、kilos 解析:three 后接可数名词复数,kilo 复数直接加 s。 18、Dozens 解析:dozens of 固定搭配 “几十个;许多”,模糊概数复数 + of,句首大写。 19、four 解析:倍数表达用基数词,four times 四倍,为高考高频倍数结构。 20、Nine 解析:班级编号:Class + 大写基数词,固定表达,首字母大写。 第 1 页 共 25 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 高三英语语法专项:数词用法全解(解析版) 考点总目录 1. 数词的定义及核心特征 2. 数词的分类(基数词、序数词,高三核心) 3. 基数词的用法(计数、年龄、时间、度量等) 4. 序数词的用法(顺序、日期、等级等) 5. 数词的特殊用法(分数、小数、百分数、倍数) 6. 易混数词及用法辨析(高考高频) 7. 数词固定搭配及易错点 8. 数词用法过关检测 一、数词的定义及核心特征 核心定义 数词(Numeral)是表示数量、顺序、倍数、分数等的词,主要用来修饰名词或在句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语等,是高考语法填空、短文改错、完形填空、书面表达的高频考点,尤其在时间、日期、数量描述类语境中高频出现,易错点集中在序数词拼写、特殊表达及固定搭配上。 核心特征 1. 核心功能:表示“数量”(基数词)或“顺序”(序数词),部分可表示倍数、分数、百分数,直接关联名词的单复数形式。 2. 句法功能:可作定语(最常用)、主语、宾语、表语、状语,其中作定语时需注意与名词的搭配(可数/不可数、单复数)。 3. 词形变化:序数词有特殊词形变化(多数加-th,部分特殊变化);基数词除one→first、two→second等对应序数词外,本身无其他词形变化(除hundred/thousand/million等的单复数)。 4. 搭配规则:与名词连用时,基数词修饰可数名词复数(除one外),序数词修饰可数名词单数,且前面常加the;分数、百分数修饰名词时,需根据名词性质确定谓语动词单复数。 特征口诀 数词分两类,基数序数次;基数表数量,序数表顺序。 基数直接数,one到hundred;序数有变化,th结尾别漏下。 分数分子基,分母序,分子大于一,分母加-s;倍数倍数加times,分数倍数看名词。 时间日期用数词,零冠词用法要记实;易错点多勤练习,高考得分不费力。 单句填空限时训练 1 1. There are ______ (three) books on the desk. The ______ (three) one is mine. 2. He is ______ (fifty) years old, and he will have his ______ (fifty) birthday next month. 3. ______ (one) of the students in our class is from Beijing. 4. This is the ______ (twelve) lesson we have learned this term. 5. There are ______ (hundred) of people in the square. 6. He bought ______ (two) bottles of milk and ______ (a) loaf of bread. 7. The meeting will start at ______ (8:30) this evening. 8. She got the ______ (one) prize in the singing competition. 9. There are ______ (thousand) of trees in the forest. 10. Today is my brother’s ______ (eighteen) birthday. 11. ______ (two) thirds of the land is covered with water. 12. He is ______ (three) years older than me. 13. The city has a population of over ______ (two) million. 14. This book is ______ (five) times thicker than that one. 15. She finished the work in ______ (one) and a half hours. 16. The ______ (five) day of the week is Thursday. 17. There are ______ (sixteen) girls in our class. 18. He has ______ (three) times as many books as I do. 19. The temperature will drop to ______ (minus five) degrees Celsius tonight. 20. This is the ______ (forty) anniversary of our school. 二、数词的分类(基数词、序数词,高三核心) 数词主要分为两大类:基数词和序数词,两者用法不同,核心区别的是“数量”与“顺序”,是高考数词考查的核心,需重点区分并掌握。 1. 基数词(Cardinal Numerals) 核心功能:表示“数量多少”,是数词的基础形式,可用于计数、年龄、时间、度量、人口等场景,高考中侧重考查与名词的搭配、hundred/thousand/million等的用法。 核心分类(高考高频范围) 1-19:不规则拼写(需熟记):one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen。 20-99:整十数(规则,加-ty):twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;非整十数(几十几,中间加连字符):twenty-one, thirty-five, forty-eight(注意:连字符不能省略,高考短文改错常考)。 100及以上:100(hundred)、1000(thousand)、1000000(million)、1000000000(billion);表达规则:具体数字 + hundred/thousand/million/billion(单数)+ 复数名词;泛指数量(数百、数千):hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + of + 复数名词。 ✅ 例句:two hundred students(两百名学生,具体数字,hundred用单数);hundreds of students(数百名学生,泛指,hundred用复数)。 2. 序数词(Ordinal Numerals) 核心功能:表示“顺序、等级、日期”,由基数词变化而来,高考中侧重考查拼写、前面the的用法、与名词的搭配。 核心变化规则(高考必考,分三类) 1. 规则变化:多数基数词加-th(注意拼写细节)→ four→fourth, six→sixth, seven→seventh, ten→tenth, thirteen→thirteenth, twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth(整十数变y为i,加-eth)。 2. 不规则变化(必须熟记,高考高频):one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth。 3. 几十几的序数词:只变个位,十位不变,中间加连字符→ twenty-one→twenty-first, thirty-five→thirty-fifth, forty-eight→forty-eighth(连字符不能省略)。 ✅ 例句:the first day(第一天)、the twenty-third of May(5月23日)、the thirty-fifth lesson(第三十五课)。 注意:序数词前面通常加the,但如果前面有形容词性物主代词(my, his, her等)或名词所有格,可省略the(如:my third book 我的第三本书,无需加the)。 单句填空限时训练 2 1. There are ______ (seventeen) boys in our class. The ______ (seventeen) boy is my deskmate. 2. My father is ______ (forty) years old, and today is his ______ (forty) birthday. 3. ______ (Eight) of the students have passed the exam. 4. This is the ______ (nine) time I have seen this movie. 5. There are ______ (two hundred) students in the school hall. 6. She bought ______ (thirty-two) apples and ______ (one) orange. 7. The train will arrive at ______ (9:15) tomorrow morning. 8. He got the ______ (three) prize in the math competition. 9. ______ (Thousand) of birds fly to the south in winter. 10. Today is September the ______ (twenty-first). 11. ______ (Three) quarters of the students are boys. 12. She is ______ (five) years younger than her sister. 13. The city has a population of over ______ (three) million. 14. This bridge is ______ (two) times longer than that one. 15. He finished his homework in ______ (two) and a half hours. 16. The ______ (seven) day of the week is Saturday. 17. There are ______ (nineteen) girls in the art club. 18. She has ______ (four) times as much money as I do. 19. The temperature is ______ (plus ten) degrees Celsius today. 20. This is the ______ (fiftieth) anniversary of the founding of the company. 三、基数词的用法(计数、年龄、时间、度量等) 基数词是高考数词考查的基础,核心用法集中在“数量描述”的各类场景,需掌握不同场景的搭配规则,避免易错点(如hundred/thousand的单复数、连字符用法等)。 1. 表计数(最常用) 用于表示人、物的具体数量,修饰名词时,需注意名词的单复数: - 基数词1:修饰单数可数名词(one + 单数名词)→ one book(一本书)、one student(一名学生)。 - 基数词2及以上:修饰复数可数名词(基数词 + 复数名词)→ two books(两本书)、thirty students(三十名学生)。 - 修饰不可数名词:需搭配单位词(piece, bottle, cup等),再用基数词修饰单位词→ two pieces of paper(两张纸)、three bottles of water(三瓶水)。 ✅ 例句:I have three pens and one pencil.(我有三支钢笔和一支铅笔。);She bought two boxes of milk.(她买了两盒牛奶。) 表年龄 核心结构:基数词 + years old(可省略old),也可直接用基数词(口语中)。 ✅ 例句:He is ten (years old).(他十岁了。);My sister is eighteen years old.(我姐姐十八岁了。) ⚠️ 易错点:不能说“ten year old”(year需用复数),也不能说“the ten years old”(无需加the)。 3. 表时间(高考高频) 主要有两种表达方法,均需用基数词,高考常考“半点、一刻钟”的表达: 1. 直接读数法:小时 + 分钟 → 8:00(eight o’clock)、9:15(nine fifteen)、10:30(ten thirty)。 2. 间接读数法: - 分钟 ≤ 30:分钟 + past + 小时 → 9:15(a quarter past nine,一刻钟= a quarter)、10:20(twenty past ten)。 - 分钟 > 30:(60 - 分钟)+ to + (小时 + 1) → 9:45(a quarter to ten)、10:50(ten to eleven)。 ⚠️ 易错点:a quarter 表示“一刻钟(15分钟)”,half 表示“半小时(30分钟)”,不能说“fifteen minutes past nine”(虽正确,但高考更常用a quarter past nine)。 4. 表度量(长度、重量、面积等) 结构:基数词 + 度量单位(meter, kilogram, square meter等),单位词根据基数词单复数变化(基数词≥2时,单位词用复数)。 ✅ 例句:The desk is two meters long.(这张桌子两米长。);He weighs sixty kilograms.(他重六十公斤。);The room is twenty square meters.(这个房间二十平方米。) 5. 表人口、数量范围 核心考查hundred/thousand/million/billion的用法(高考易错点): - 具体数字 + hundred/thousand/million/billion(单数)+ 复数名词 → 表示确切数量。 - hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + of + 复数名词 → 表示泛指数量(数百、数千、数百万、数十亿)。 ✅ 例句:five hundred people(五百人)、three thousand trees(三千棵树);hundreds of people(数百人)、thousands of trees(数千棵树)。 易错点:不能说“five hundreds people”“three thousands of trees”(具体数字后用单数,of只用于泛指)。 单句填空限时训练 3 1. I have ______ (one) pen and ______ (two) pencils in my pencil box. 2. She is ______ (thirteen) years old, and she will be ______ (fourteen) next year. 3. The meeting will start at ______ (10:45) a.m. tomorrow. 4. This river is ______ (fifty) meters wide. 5. There are ______ (three hundred and fifty) students in our grade. 6. He bought ______ (four) pieces of bread and ______ (one) bottle of juice. 7. ______ (Hundred) of people attended the concert last night. 8. My brother weighs ______ (seventy-five) kilograms. 9. The train will leave at ______ (7:30) p.m. 10. There are ______ (two thousand) books in our school library. 11. She drank ______ (three) cups of tea this morning. 12. The boy is ______ (nine) years old, and he is in Grade ______ (four). 13. The city has a population of ______ (one million) people. 14. This bridge is ______ (one hundred and twenty) meters long. 15. ______ (Thousand) of birds are flying in the sky. 16. I have ______ (five) boxes of chocolates. 17. The meeting will last for ______ (two) hours and ______ (thirty) minutes. 18. He is ______ (sixty) years old, and he still works hard. 19. There are ______ (four hundred) workers in the factory. 20. She bought ______ (six) bottles of milk. 四、序数词的用法(顺序、日期、等级等) 序数词的核心是“表顺序”,高考考查重点集中在:拼写、前面the的用法、日期表达、等级表达,易错点为不规则变化的拼写和the的省略情况。 1. 表顺序(最常用) 用于表示人、物的顺序,修饰名词时,名词通常用单数,前面通常加the;若前面有形容词性物主代词(my, his, her等)或名词所有格,可省略the。 ✅ 例句:the first lesson(第一节课)、the second floor(二楼)、my third book(我的第三本书)、Tom’s fifth birthday(汤姆的第五个生日)。 ⚠️ 易错点:序数词修饰名词时,名词必须用单数(如:the third book,不能说the third books);前面有物主代词时,不能再加the(如:my first teacher,不能说my the first teacher)。 2. 表日期(高考高频) 英语日期的表达有两种,均需用序数词,核心是“日”用序数词,月份和年用基数词: 1. 美式表达:月份 + 序数词 + 年 → June 1st, 2024(2024年6月1日)。 2. 英式表达:序数词 + 月份 + 年 → 1st June, 2024(2024年6月1日)。 ✅ 例句:Today is October 10th, 2024.(今天是2024年10月10日。);Her birthday is on 5th March.(她的生日在3月5日。) ⚠️ 易错点:日期中的序数词可缩写(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...),但拼写时需写完整(first, second, third...);月份首字母必须大写,年用基数词。 3. 表等级、名次 用于表示比赛、考试的名次,核心搭配:the + 序数词 + prize(奖品)、get the + 序数词 + place(获得第……名)。 ✅ 例句:He got the first place in the race.(他在比赛中获得第一名。);She won the second prize in the speech contest.(她在演讲比赛中获得二等奖。) 4. 表分数(分母用序数词) 分数的表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加-s(详细用法见第五模块)。 ✅ 例句:one third(三分之一)、two fifths(五分之二)、three quarters(四分之三)。 单句填空限时训练 4 1. This is the ______ (one) time I have been to Beijing. 2. Her birthday is on August the ______ (twenty-third). 3. He got the ______ (two) place in the English competition. 4. My ______ (three) brother is a doctor. 5. The ______ (five) lesson is about environmental protection. 6. Today is the ______ (eighth) of September. 7. She won the ______ (four) prize in the painting competition. 8. His ______ (nine) birthday is coming soon. 9. The ______ (twelve) month of the year is December. 10. I live on the ______ (third) floor of this building. 11. This is my ______ (fourth) time to visit this museum. 12. The ______ (sixteenth) day of the month is my sister’s birthday. 13. He got the ______ (first) prize in the math exam. 14. Her ______ (seventh) birthday party will be held this weekend. 15. The ______ (nineteenth) lesson is very difficult. 16. Today is the ______ (twentieth) of May. 17. She won the ______ (third) place in the singing contest. 18. My ______ (fifth) sister is a teacher. 19. The ______ (eighth) month of the year is August. 20. This is the ______ (forty-first) anniversary of our school. 五、数词的特殊用法(分数、小数、百分数、倍数) 这是高三英语数词的核心重难点,高考中常结合语法填空、短文改错考查,尤其是分数、倍数的表达及主谓一致,需重点掌握每种用法的规则和易错点。 1. 分数(Fractions)(高考高频) 核心表达规则(必须熟记) 1. 分子:用基数词(one, two, three...)。 2. 分母:用序数词(first, second, third...),分子大于1时,分母加-s。 3. 特殊表达:1/2 用 a half(不用 one second);1/4 用 a quarter(不用 one fourth);3/4 用 three quarters(不用 three fourths)。 4. 带分数:整数部分 + and + 分数 → 2 1/2(two and a half)、3 2/3(three and two thirds)。 主谓一致规则(高考易错点) 分数修饰名词时,谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数决定: - 修饰可数名词复数:谓语动词用复数 → Two thirds of the students are boys.(三分之二的学生是男孩。) - 修饰不可数名词:谓语动词用单数 → One fourth of the water is dirty.(四分之一的水是脏的。) ✅ 例句:One third of the land is covered with grass.(三分之一的土地被草覆盖。);Three fifths of the books are new.(五分之三的书是新的。) 2. 小数(Decimals) 核心表达规则:直接读数,小数点读作 point,小数点后的数字逐个读出(均用基数词)。 ✅ 例句:0.5(zero point five / point five)、1.25(one point two five)、3.1415(three point one four one five)。 易错点:小数点前的0可省略(如 point five),但高考中建议写zero point five,更规范;小数点后的数字不能连读,需逐个读出。 3. 百分数(Percentages) 核心表达规则:基数词 + percent(不可数,无复数),缩写为%(高考中可写percent或%)。 主谓一致规则(与分数一致) - 修饰可数名词复数:谓语动词用复数 → 60 percent of the students are from the countryside.(60%的学生来自农村。) - 修饰不可数名词:谓语动词用单数 → 30 percent of the water is clean.(30%的水是干净的。) ✅ 例句:50 percent of the time is spent on study.(50%的时间用于学习。);70 percent of the trees are planted by students.(70%的树是学生种的。) 易错点:percent不能加s(如:不能说50 percents),缩写%后面无需加s。 4. 倍数(Multiples)(高考核心重难点) 核心表达规则(三种常用结构,高考常考前两种): 1. 倍数 + times + as + 形容词原级 + as → 表示“是……的几倍”。 2. ✅ 例句:This room is three times as big as that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。) 3. 倍数 + times + 形容词比较级 + than → 表示“比……大/多几倍”。 4. ✅ 例句:This room is two times bigger than that one.(这个房间比那个房间大两倍/是那个房间的三倍大。) 5. 倍数 + times + the + 名词(size, length, width等)+ of → 表示“是……的几倍大/长/宽”。 6. ✅ 例句:This room is three times the size of that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。) ⚠️ 易错点:倍数表达中,“两倍”用two times或twice(twice更常用),不能说two time;倍数后面的times不能省略。 单句填空限时训练 5 1. Two thirds of the earth’s surface ______ (cover) by water. 2. Nearly 40 percent of the forest ______ (destroy) in the past ten years. 3. This bridge is twice as long ______ that one. 4. Three ______ (quarter) of the money has been used up. 5. One and a half apples ______ (be) left on the table. 6. The yard is three times the ______ (wide) of our classroom. 7. 0.8 is read as zero point ______ (eight). 8. Sixty percent of the workers in this factory ______ (be) women. 9. This river is three times ______ (long) than that small river. 10. One ______ (five) of the homework is too difficult for students. 11. Half of the bread ______ (go) bad already. 12. The new stadium is four times ______ big as the old one. 13. 3.15 is read as three point one ______ (five). 14. Seventy ______ (percent) of the sand is blown away by the wind. 15. Two fifths of the teachers ______ (have) rich teaching experience. 16. The building is twice ______ (tall) than the library. 17. One fourth of the information ______ (be) useless for our research. 18. The lake is twice the ______ (deep) of this pool. 19. Two ______ (time) as many books will be bought next term. 20. Three and a half ______ (month) is enough to finish the task. 六、易混数词及用法辨析(高考高频易混) 1. hundred /thousand/million /billion 「有无 s + of」核心辨析 ① 确切数字(具体数字) 前面有基数词(one、two、ten 等)→ 不加 s,不加 of 结构:基数词 + hundred/thousand/million + 名词复数 例: five hundred students 五百名学生 three thousand trees 三千棵树 ② 模糊概数(不具体数字) 无具体基数词,表 “成百上千、成千上万”→ 加 s + of 结构:hundreds /thousands/millions + of + 名词复数 例: hundreds of people 数百人 thousands of tourists 成千上万的游客 致命易错(改错必考) ❌ five hundreds of ❌ hundreds student ✅ five hundred students ✅ hundreds of students 2. dozen /score 易混辨析(高考冷频但易错) (1)dozen 一打(12 个) 确切数:基数词 + dozen 不加 s,无 of two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 模糊概数:dozens of + 名词复数 几十个;许多 (2)score 二十 确切数:基数词 + score 不加 s three score years 六十年 固定搭配:scores of 许多,大量 特殊固定:two score of them(限定范围时可加 of) 3. another + 数词 vs 数词 + more/other 同义转换:还要 / 再来…… another + 基数词 + 名词 基数词 + more/other + 名词 例: another three days = three more days 另外三天 another ten books = ten other books 额外十本书 4. 序数词易混:first /at first ;last /at last first 第一(序数词,表顺序) He is the first to arrive. at first 起初;一开始(时间状语,表转折) At first I disliked English, but now I love it. last 最后的;上一个 the last page 最后一页 /last year 去年 at last 终于;最终(表历经波折) At last, we finished the task. 5. 倍数易混:twice /two times ;double twice 两倍(高考首选,正式用法) two times 两倍(口语化,语法正确) 错误表达:❌ two time double 可作形容词 / 动词 / 名词 double the size 两倍大小 ;The price doubled. 价格翻倍 6. 分数易混:a half /half a ;a quarter 1/2 固定:a half /half a/an + 名词 half an hour 半小时 = a half hour 1/4:a quarter ;3/4:three quarters ❌ one fourth(书面少用,高考优先 quarter) 七、数词固定搭配 + 全网高频易错点(必背) (一)时间 & 年龄固定数词搭配 in one’s + 整十数词复数 → 在某人几十多岁时 in his thirties 在他三十多岁 in her fifties 在她五十多岁 易错:整十变复数,不能用单数 ❌ in his thirty in the + 整十数词复数 + 年代 → 在…… 世纪…… 年代 in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代 in the 2020s 在 21 世纪 20 年代 ⚠️必记:年代必须加 the + 复数 s one day 某天(过去 / 将来) some day 将来某天 the other day 几天前(一般过去时) (二)高频数量固定短语 a dozen of 一打…… scores of 许多;大量 hundreds of 数百 thousands of 成千上万 millions of 数百万 one by one 一个接一个 day by day 日复一日 twice a week 一周两次(次数表达) (三)主谓一致终极易错汇总 1、分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词 2、谓语动词单复数看 of 后的名词 3、不可数 / 单数名词→谓语单数;复数名词→谓语复数 4、Two thirds of the water is… 5、40 percent of the students are… 6、one and a half + 名词复数 7、作主语,谓语动词用单数 8、One and a half hours is enough. 9、many a + 单数名词 许多 10、形式单数,意义复数,谓语单数 11、Many a student has made the mistake. 12、every + 数词 每隔…… 13、every three days 每三天 = every third day (四)书写 & 形式易错点 1. percent 无复数 ❌ 60 percents ✅ 60 percent 2. 小数点后数字逐个读 3.26 → three point two six 3. 带分数:整数 + and + 分数 two and a half days 两天半 4. 序数词缩写:1st 2nd 3rd 4th 规律牢记 5. “第几” 必须加 the the second floor 二楼 (五)倍数表达三大避错 1. A is 3 times as + 原级 + as B 2. A is 3 times + 比较级 + than B 3. A is 3 times the +size/length/width/depth/height+ of B 4、两倍只用 twice/two times,无 second time 5、倍数结构中 the + 名词 不能省略 (六)高频小短语速记 first of all 首先 second to none 首屈一指 at one time 曾经 in two minds 犹豫不决 ten to one 十有八九(很可能) 单句填空限时训练 6 1. There are ______ (hundred) of people gathering in the square. 2. Five ______ (thousand) villagers have moved into new houses. 3. He bought two ______ (dozen) eggs from the supermarket yesterday. 4. ______ (score) of volunteers came to help with the community work. 5. We need ______ (another) three days to finish the project. 6. The writer became famous in his ______ (thirty). 7. People’s living conditions improved greatly in the ______ (1990). 8. Many a student ______ (have) realized the importance of grammar. 9. One and a half days ______ (be) too short for this difficult task. 10. They go hiking ______ (two) a month to relax themselves. 11. Ten to one, he ______ (miss) the early bus tomorrow. 12. We have stayed here for days; we need three ______ (much) chairs. 13. At ______ (one), I found physics hard to learn. 14. Three ______ (score) workers attended the meeting last Friday. 15. Hundreds of millions of trees ______ (plant) in recent years. 七、数词过关检测 1. December is the ______ (twelve) month of a year. 2. There are ______ (hundred) of people gathering in the square to celebrate the festival. 3. The bridge is two ______ (hundred) meters long, built in 1990. 4. It’s reported that ______ (two) thirds of the farmland has been watered. 5. He became a teacher in his ______ (twenty). 6. The old man passed away in the ______ (ninety) of last century. 7. This is the ______ (five) time that I have visited the ancient city. 8. About three ______ (thousand) students took part in the sports meeting last week. 9. ______ (one) of my best friends will go abroad next month. 10. The meeting will be held on June the ______ (eight). 11. As far as I know, only one ______ (ten) of the workers are women. 12. The factory produced twice as many cars in 2025 as it did in the ______ (1980). 13. She is the ______ (three) child in her family. 14. Millions ______ stars are shining brightly in the night sky. 15. There is a tall tree at the ______ (end) of the street, No. ______ (forty-five). 16. It took him one and a half ______ (hour) to finish the task. 17. The weight of the box is three ______ (kilo), easy to carry. 18. ______ (dozen) of books are donated to the rural schools every year. 19. The price of the house is ______ (four) times higher than it was ten years ago. 20. Class ______ (nine) won the first prize in the school singing competition. 第 1 页 共 25 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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数词用法全解-高三英语语法专项:十大词性全解
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