内容正文:
高三英语语法专项:数词用法全解(解析版)
考点总目录
1. 数词的定义及核心特征
2. 数词的分类(基数词、序数词,高三核心)
3. 基数词的用法(计数、年龄、时间、度量等)
4. 序数词的用法(顺序、日期、等级等)
5. 数词的特殊用法(分数、小数、百分数、倍数)
6. 易混数词及用法辨析(高考高频)
7. 数词固定搭配及易错点
8. 数词用法过关检测
一、数词的定义及核心特征
核心定义
数词(Numeral)是表示数量、顺序、倍数、分数等的词,主要用来修饰名词或在句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语等,是高考语法填空、短文改错、完形填空、书面表达的高频考点,尤其在时间、日期、数量描述类语境中高频出现,易错点集中在序数词拼写、特殊表达及固定搭配上。
核心特征
1. 核心功能:表示“数量”(基数词)或“顺序”(序数词),部分可表示倍数、分数、百分数,直接关联名词的单复数形式。
2. 句法功能:可作定语(最常用)、主语、宾语、表语、状语,其中作定语时需注意与名词的搭配(可数/不可数、单复数)。
3. 词形变化:序数词有特殊词形变化(多数加-th,部分特殊变化);基数词除one→first、two→second等对应序数词外,本身无其他词形变化(除hundred/thousand/million等的单复数)。
4. 搭配规则:与名词连用时,基数词修饰可数名词复数(除one外),序数词修饰可数名词单数,且前面常加the;分数、百分数修饰名词时,需根据名词性质确定谓语动词单复数。
特征口诀
数词分两类,基数序数次;基数表数量,序数表顺序。
基数直接数,one到hundred;序数有变化,th结尾别漏下。
分数分子基,分母序,分子大于一,分母加-s;倍数倍数加times,分数倍数看名词。
时间日期用数词,零冠词用法要记实;易错点多勤练习,高考得分不费力。
单句填空限时训练 1
1. There are ______ (three) books on the desk. The ______ (three) one is mine.
2. He is ______ (fifty) years old, and he will have his ______ (fifty) birthday next month.
3. ______ (one) of the students in our class is from Beijing.
4. This is the ______ (twelve) lesson we have learned this term.
5. There are ______ (hundred) of people in the square.
6. He bought ______ (two) bottles of milk and ______ (a) loaf of bread.
7. The meeting will start at ______ (8:30) this evening.
8. She got the ______ (one) prize in the singing competition.
9. There are ______ (thousand) of trees in the forest.
10. Today is my brother’s ______ (eighteen) birthday.
11. ______ (two) thirds of the land is covered with water.
12. He is ______ (three) years older than me.
13. The city has a population of over ______ (two) million.
14. This book is ______ (five) times thicker than that one.
15. She finished the work in ______ (one) and a half hours.
16. The ______ (five) day of the week is Thursday.
17. There are ______ (sixteen) girls in our class.
18. He has ______ (three) times as many books as I do.
19. The temperature will drop to ______ (minus five) degrees Celsius tonight.
20. This is the ______ (forty) anniversary of our school.
答案 + 详细解析
1. three; third 解析:考查基数词与序数词辨析。第一空表“数量”,用基数词three;第二空表“顺序(第三本)”,用序数词third,前面省略the(有定语one修饰)。
2. fifty; fiftieth 解析:考查基数词表年龄、序数词表生日。第一空“五十岁”用基数词fifty;第二空“五十岁生日”即“第五十个生日”,用序数词fiftieth,前面加his修饰,省略the。
3. One 解析:考查基数词表比例。“one of + 复数名词”表示“……之一”,句首首字母大写,用One,注意不能用First(序数词不用于此结构)。
4. twelfth 解析:考查序数词表顺序。“第十二节课”用序数词twelfth,前面加the,twelve的序数词变化为不规则(twelve→twelfth),注意拼写。
5. hundreds 解析:考查基数词hundred的用法。hundred与of连用时,需用复数形式hundreds,“hundreds of”表示“数百的”,泛指数量多;若前面有具体数字,hundred用单数。
6. two; a 解析:考查基数词修饰可数名词。“两瓶牛奶”用基数词two修饰复数名词bottles;“一条面包”用a loaf of,a此处表数量“一”,属于基数词范畴(one的简略形式)。
7. half past eight / eight thirty 解析:考查数词表示时间。8:30的英语表达有两种:half past eight(半点表达)或eight thirty(直接读数),两种均可,符合高考常用表达。
8. first 解析:考查序数词表等级。“一等奖”用序数词first,“the first prize”是固定搭配,first为one的序数词,不规则变化。
9. thousands 解析:考查基数词thousand的用法。与of连用时,thousand用复数thousands,“thousands of”表示“数千的”,泛指数量;前面有具体数字时,用单数thousand。
10. eighteenth 解析:考查序数词表生日。“十八岁生日”即“第十八个生日”,用序数词eighteenth,eighteen的序数词变化为规则变化(加-th),注意拼写(eighteen→eighteenth)。
11. Two 解析:考查分数表达。分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加-s;“三分之二”即Two thirds,句首首字母大写。
12. three 解析:考查基数词表年龄差。“大三岁”用基数词three,“基数词 + years older than”是固定结构,表年龄差。
13. two 解析:考查基数词million的用法。前面有具体数字two时,million用单数形式,“two million”表示“两百万”,后面直接接名词复数(无需加of)。
14. five 解析:考查数词表倍数。“五倍厚”用基数词five,“倍数 + times + 形容词比较级 + than”是固定结构,表倍数关系。
15. one 解析:考查基数词表示时间。“一个半小时”的表达为one and a half hours,基数词one不能用序数词first,注意hour用复数(超过1小时)。
16. fifth 解析:考查序数词表星期。“一周的第五天是星期四”(西方习惯,周日为第一天),用序数词fifth,five的序数词为不规则变化(five→fifth)。
17. sixteen 解析:考查基数词表数量。“十六个女孩”用基数词sixteen,修饰复数名词girls,sixteen为规则基数词,直接拼写即可。
18. three 解析:考查数词表倍数。“三倍多的书”用基数词three,“倍数 + times + as many + 复数名词 + as”是固定结构,表倍数比较。
19. minus five 解析:考查数词表示温度。“零下五度”用“minus + 基数词”,即minus five,minus此处表示“负的、零下的”。
20. fortieth 解析:考查序数词表周年。“第四十周年”用序数词fortieth,forty的序数词变化为规则变化(变y为i,加-eth),注意拼写(forty→fortieth)。
二、数词的分类(基数词、序数词,高三核心)
数词主要分为两大类:基数词和序数词,两者用法不同,核心区别的是“数量”与“顺序”,是高考数词考查的核心,需重点区分并掌握。
1. 基数词(Cardinal Numerals)
核心功能:表示“数量多少”,是数词的基础形式,可用于计数、年龄、时间、度量、人口等场景,高考中侧重考查与名词的搭配、hundred/thousand/million等的用法。
核心分类(高考高频范围)
1-19:不规则拼写(需熟记):one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen。
20-99:整十数(规则,加-ty):twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;非整十数(几十几,中间加连字符):twenty-one, thirty-five, forty-eight(注意:连字符不能省略,高考短文改错常考)。
100及以上:100(hundred)、1000(thousand)、1000000(million)、1000000000(billion);表达规则:具体数字 + hundred/thousand/million/billion(单数)+ 复数名词;泛指数量(数百、数千):hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + of + 复数名词。
✅ 例句:two hundred students(两百名学生,具体数字,hundred用单数);hundreds of students(数百名学生,泛指,hundred用复数)。
2. 序数词(Ordinal Numerals)
核心功能:表示“顺序、等级、日期”,由基数词变化而来,高考中侧重考查拼写、前面the的用法、与名词的搭配。
核心变化规则(高考必考,分三类)
1. 规则变化:多数基数词加-th(注意拼写细节)→ four→fourth, six→sixth, seven→seventh, ten→tenth, thirteen→thirteenth, twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth(整十数变y为i,加-eth)。
2. 不规则变化(必须熟记,高考高频):one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth。
3. 几十几的序数词:只变个位,十位不变,中间加连字符→ twenty-one→twenty-first, thirty-five→thirty-fifth, forty-eight→forty-eighth(连字符不能省略)。
✅ 例句:the first day(第一天)、the twenty-third of May(5月23日)、the thirty-fifth lesson(第三十五课)。
注意:序数词前面通常加the,但如果前面有形容词性物主代词(my, his, her等)或名词所有格,可省略the(如:my third book 我的第三本书,无需加the)。
单句填空限时训练 2
1. There are ______ (seventeen) boys in our class. The ______ (seventeen) boy is my deskmate.
2. My father is ______ (forty) years old, and today is his ______ (forty) birthday.
3. ______ (Eight) of the students have passed the exam.
4. This is the ______ (nine) time I have seen this movie.
5. There are ______ (two hundred) students in the school hall.
6. She bought ______ (thirty-two) apples and ______ (one) orange.
7. The train will arrive at ______ (9:15) tomorrow morning.
8. He got the ______ (three) prize in the math competition.
9. ______ (Thousand) of birds fly to the south in winter.
10. Today is September the ______ (twenty-first).
11. ______ (Three) quarters of the students are boys.
12. She is ______ (five) years younger than her sister.
13. The city has a population of over ______ (three) million.
14. This bridge is ______ (two) times longer than that one.
15. He finished his homework in ______ (two) and a half hours.
16. The ______ (seven) day of the week is Saturday.
17. There are ______ (nineteen) girls in the art club.
18. She has ______ (four) times as much money as I do.
19. The temperature is ______ (plus ten) degrees Celsius today.
20. This is the ______ (fiftieth) anniversary of the founding of the company.
答案 + 详细解析
1. seventeen; seventeenth 解析:第一空表数量“十七个男孩”,用基数词seventeen;第二空表顺序“第十七个男孩”,用序数词seventeenth,规则变化(加-th)。
2. forty; fortieth 解析:第一空“四十岁”用基数词forty;第二空“四十岁生日”即“第四十个生日”,用序数词fortieth,整十数变y为i加-eth,拼写注意(forty→fortieth)。
3. Eight 解析:“eight of the students”表示“八名学生”,基数词表数量,句首首字母大写,不能用Eighth(序数词不用于此结构)。
4. ninth 解析:表“第九次”,用序数词ninth,nine的序数词为不规则变化(nine→ninth),前面加the,注意拼写(不要写成ninth)。
5. two hundred 解析:前面有具体数字two,hundred用单数形式,“two hundred students”表示“两百名学生”,后面直接接名词复数,无需加of。
6. thirty-two; one 解析:“三十二个苹果”用基数词thirty-two(几十几加连字符);“一个橙子”用基数词one,修饰单数名词orange。
7. a quarter past nine / nine fifteen 解析:9:15的英语表达有两种:a quarter past nine(一刻钟表达)或nine fifteen(直接读数),均为高考常用表达。
8. third 解析:“三等奖”用序数词third,“the third prize”是固定搭配,three的序数词为不规则变化(three→third)。
9. Thousands 解析:与of连用时,thousand用复数thousands,“thousands of birds”表示“数千只鸟”,泛指数量,句首首字母大写。
10. twenty-first 解析:表日期“9月21日”,序数词twenty-first,几十几的序数词只变个位,十位不变,加连字符,前面加the。
11. Three 解析:“四分之三”用Three quarters,分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时分母加-s,句首首字母大写。
12. five 解析:“小五岁”用基数词five,“基数词 + years younger than”是固定结构,表年龄差。
13. three 解析:前面有具体数字three,million用单数,“three million”表示“三百万”,后面直接接名词复数。
14. two 解析:“两倍长”用基数词two,“倍数 + times + 形容词比较级 + than”是固定结构,表倍数关系。
15. two 解析:“两个半小时”用two and a half hours,基数词two不能用序数词second,hour用复数(超过1小时)。
16. seventh 解析:西方习惯中,周日为一周第一天,“第七天是周六”,用序数词seventh,seven的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。
17. nineteen 解析:“十九个女孩”用基数词nineteen,修饰复数名词girls,nineteen为不规则基数词,需熟记拼写。
18. four 解析:“四倍多的钱”用基数词four,“倍数 + times + as much + 不可数名词 + as”是固定结构,money为不可数名词,故用much。
19. plus ten 解析:“零上十度”用“plus + 基数词”,即plus ten,plus此处表示“正的、零上的”,可省略plus,直接写ten。
20. fiftieth 解析:“第五十周年”用序数词fiftieth,fifty的序数词为规则变化(变y为i加-eth),注意拼写(fifty→fiftieth)。
三、基数词的用法(计数、年龄、时间、度量等)
基数词是高考数词考查的基础,核心用法集中在“数量描述”的各类场景,需掌握不同场景的搭配规则,避免易错点(如hundred/thousand的单复数、连字符用法等)。
1. 表计数(最常用)
用于表示人、物的具体数量,修饰名词时,需注意名词的单复数:
- 基数词1:修饰单数可数名词(one + 单数名词)→ one book(一本书)、one student(一名学生)。
- 基数词2及以上:修饰复数可数名词(基数词 + 复数名词)→ two books(两本书)、thirty students(三十名学生)。
- 修饰不可数名词:需搭配单位词(piece, bottle, cup等),再用基数词修饰单位词→ two pieces of paper(两张纸)、three bottles of water(三瓶水)。
✅ 例句:I have three pens and one pencil.(我有三支钢笔和一支铅笔。);She bought two boxes of milk.(她买了两盒牛奶。)
表年龄
核心结构:基数词 + years old(可省略old),也可直接用基数词(口语中)。
✅ 例句:He is ten (years old).(他十岁了。);My sister is eighteen years old.(我姐姐十八岁了。)
⚠️ 易错点:不能说“ten year old”(year需用复数),也不能说“the ten years old”(无需加the)。
3. 表时间(高考高频)
主要有两种表达方法,均需用基数词,高考常考“半点、一刻钟”的表达:
1. 直接读数法:小时 + 分钟 → 8:00(eight o’clock)、9:15(nine fifteen)、10:30(ten thirty)。
2. 间接读数法:
- 分钟 ≤ 30:分钟 + past + 小时 → 9:15(a quarter past nine,一刻钟= a quarter)、10:20(twenty past ten)。
- 分钟 > 30:(60 - 分钟)+ to + (小时 + 1) → 9:45(a quarter to ten)、10:50(ten to eleven)。
⚠️ 易错点:a quarter 表示“一刻钟(15分钟)”,half 表示“半小时(30分钟)”,不能说“fifteen minutes past nine”(虽正确,但高考更常用a quarter past nine)。
4. 表度量(长度、重量、面积等)
结构:基数词 + 度量单位(meter, kilogram, square meter等),单位词根据基数词单复数变化(基数词≥2时,单位词用复数)。
✅ 例句:The desk is two meters long.(这张桌子两米长。);He weighs sixty kilograms.(他重六十公斤。);The room is twenty square meters.(这个房间二十平方米。)
5. 表人口、数量范围
核心考查hundred/thousand/million/billion的用法(高考易错点):
- 具体数字 + hundred/thousand/million/billion(单数)+ 复数名词 → 表示确切数量。
- hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + of + 复数名词 → 表示泛指数量(数百、数千、数百万、数十亿)。
✅ 例句:five hundred people(五百人)、three thousand trees(三千棵树);hundreds of people(数百人)、thousands of trees(数千棵树)。
易错点:不能说“five hundreds people”“three thousands of trees”(具体数字后用单数,of只用于泛指)。
单句填空限时训练 3
1. I have ______ (one) pen and ______ (two) pencils in my pencil box.
2. She is ______ (thirteen) years old, and she will be ______ (fourteen) next year.
3. The meeting will start at ______ (10:45) a.m. tomorrow.
4. This river is ______ (fifty) meters wide.
5. There are ______ (three hundred and fifty) students in our grade.
6. He bought ______ (four) pieces of bread and ______ (one) bottle of juice.
7. ______ (Hundred) of people attended the concert last night.
8. My brother weighs ______ (seventy-five) kilograms.
9. The train will leave at ______ (7:30) p.m.
10. There are ______ (two thousand) books in our school library.
11. She drank ______ (three) cups of tea this morning.
12. The boy is ______ (nine) years old, and he is in Grade ______ (four).
13. The city has a population of ______ (one million) people.
14. This bridge is ______ (one hundred and twenty) meters long.
15. ______ (Thousand) of birds are flying in the sky.
16. I have ______ (five) boxes of chocolates.
17. The meeting will last for ______ (two) hours and ______ (thirty) minutes.
18. He is ______ (sixty) years old, and he still works hard.
19. There are ______ (four hundred) workers in the factory.
20. She bought ______ (six) bottles of milk.
答案 + 详细解析
1. one; two 解析:考查基数词表计数。one修饰单数名词pen,two修饰复数名词pencils,符合基数词与名词的搭配规则。
2. thirteen; fourteen 解析:考查基数词表年龄。“十三岁”用thirteen years old,“明年十四岁”用fourteen,均为基数词表具体年龄。
3. a quarter to eleven / ten forty-five 解析:考查基数词表时间。10:45分钟超过30,用间接读数法a quarter to eleven,也可直接读数ten forty-five,两种均可。
4. fifty 解析:考查基数词表度量。“五十米宽”用基数词fifty修饰度量单位meter,meter用复数(fifty≥2),此处前面有fifty,meter已用复数,空格填fifty。
5. three hundred and fifty 解析:考查基数词表确切数量。“三百五十名学生”用具体数字three hundred and fifty,hundred用单数,and可省略(高考中可写three hundred fifty)。
6. four; one 解析:考查基数词修饰不可数名词(需搭配单位词)。bread为不可数名词,用four pieces of修饰;juice为不可数名词,用one bottle of修饰,基数词four和one分别修饰单位词pieces和bottle。
7. Hundreds 解析:考查基数词hundred的泛指用法。与of连用时,hundred用复数Hundreds,“hundreds of people”表示“数百人”,句首首字母大写。
8. seventy-five 解析:考查基数词表度量(重量)。“七十五公斤”用基数词seventy-five(几十几加连字符),修饰度量单位kilogram,kilogram用复数(seventy-five≥2)。
9. half past seven / seven thirty 解析:考查基数词表时间。7:30为半点,用间接读数法half past seven,也可直接读数seven thirty,均为高考常用表达。
10. two thousand 解析:考查基数词thousand的确切用法。前面有具体数字two,thousand用单数,“two thousand books”表示“两千本书”,后面直接接名词复数。
11. three 解析:考查基数词修饰单位词。tea为不可数名词,用three cups of修饰,基数词three修饰单位词cups,cups用复数。
12. nine; Four 解析:考查基数词表年龄和年级。“九岁”用nine years old;“四年级”用Grade Four,Grade后用基数词,首字母大写。
13. one million 解析:考查基数词million的确切用法。前面有具体数字one,million用单数,“one million people”表示“一百万人”,后面直接接名词复数。
14. one hundred and twenty 解析:考查基数词表度量(长度)。“一百二十米长”用具体数字one hundred and twenty,hundred用单数,修饰度量单位meter,meter用复数。
15. Thousands 解析:考查基数词thousand的泛指用法。与of连用时,thousand用复数Thousands,“thousands of birds”表示“数千只鸟”,句首首字母大写。
16. five 解析:考查基数词修饰单位词。chocolates此处为可数名词复数(盒装巧克力),也可视为不可数名词,用five boxes of修饰,基数词five修饰单位词boxes。
16.
17. two; thirty 解析:考查基数词表时间(时长)。“两个小时三十分钟”用基数词two修饰hours,thirty修饰minutes,均为基数词表具体数量。
18. sixty 解析:考查基数词表年龄。“六十岁”用sixty years old,空格填基数词sixty。
19. four hundred 解析:考查基数词hundred的确切用法。前面有具体数字four,hundred用单数,“four hundred workers”表示“四百名工人”,后面直接接名词复数。
20. six 解析:考查基数词修饰单位词。milk为不可数名词,用six bottles of修饰,基数词six修饰单位词bottles,bottles用复数。
四、序数词的用法(顺序、日期、等级等)
序数词的核心是“表顺序”,高考考查重点集中在:拼写、前面the的用法、日期表达、等级表达,易错点为不规则变化的拼写和the的省略情况。
1. 表顺序(最常用)
用于表示人、物的顺序,修饰名词时,名词通常用单数,前面通常加the;若前面有形容词性物主代词(my, his, her等)或名词所有格,可省略the。
✅ 例句:the first lesson(第一节课)、the second floor(二楼)、my third book(我的第三本书)、Tom’s fifth birthday(汤姆的第五个生日)。
⚠️ 易错点:序数词修饰名词时,名词必须用单数(如:the third book,不能说the third books);前面有物主代词时,不能再加the(如:my first teacher,不能说my the first teacher)。
2. 表日期(高考高频)
英语日期的表达有两种,均需用序数词,核心是“日”用序数词,月份和年用基数词:
1. 美式表达:月份 + 序数词 + 年 → June 1st, 2024(2024年6月1日)。
2. 英式表达:序数词 + 月份 + 年 → 1st June, 2024(2024年6月1日)。
✅ 例句:Today is October 10th, 2024.(今天是2024年10月10日。);Her birthday is on 5th March.(她的生日在3月5日。)
⚠️ 易错点:日期中的序数词可缩写(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...),但拼写时需写完整(first, second, third...);月份首字母必须大写,年用基数词。
3. 表等级、名次
用于表示比赛、考试的名次,核心搭配:the + 序数词 + prize(奖品)、get the + 序数词 + place(获得第……名)。
✅ 例句:He got the first place in the race.(他在比赛中获得第一名。);She won the second prize in the speech contest.(她在演讲比赛中获得二等奖。)
4. 表分数(分母用序数词)
分数的表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加-s(详细用法见第五模块)。
✅ 例句:one third(三分之一)、two fifths(五分之二)、three quarters(四分之三)。
单句填空限时训练 4
1. This is the ______ (one) time I have been to Beijing.
2. Her birthday is on August the ______ (twenty-third).
3. He got the ______ (two) place in the English competition.
4. My ______ (three) brother is a doctor.
5. The ______ (five) lesson is about environmental protection.
6. Today is the ______ (eighth) of September.
7. She won the ______ (four) prize in the painting competition.
8. His ______ (nine) birthday is coming soon.
9. The ______ (twelve) month of the year is December.
10. I live on the ______ (third) floor of this building.
11. This is my ______ (fourth) time to visit this museum.
12. The ______ (sixteenth) day of the month is my sister’s birthday.
13. He got the ______ (first) prize in the math exam.
14. Her ______ (seventh) birthday party will be held this weekend.
15. The ______ (nineteenth) lesson is very difficult.
16. Today is the ______ (twentieth) of May.
17. She won the ______ (third) place in the singing contest.
18. My ______ (fifth) sister is a teacher.
19. The ______ (eighth) month of the year is August.
20. This is the ______ (forty-first) anniversary of our school.
答案 + 详细解析
1. first 解析:考查序数词表顺序。“第一次去北京”用序数词first,前面加the,one的序数词为不规则变化。
2. twenty-third 解析:考查序数词表日期。“8月23日”的“日”用序数词twenty-third,前面加the,几十几的序数词只变个位,十位不变,加连字符。
3. second 解析:考查序数词表名次。“获得第二名”用序数词second,“the second place”是固定搭配,two的序数词为不规则变化。
4. third 解析:考查序数词表顺序(兄弟姐妹排行)。“我的三哥”用序数词third,前面有物主代词my,省略the,three的序数词为不规则变化。
5. fifth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(课程)。“第五节课”用序数词fifth,前面加the,five的序数词为不规则变化。
6. eighth 解析:考查序数词表日期。“9月8日”的“日”用序数词eighth,前面加the,eight的序数词为不规则变化(eight→eighth)。
7. fourth 解析:考查序数词表名次。“获得四等奖”用序数词fourth,“the fourth prize”是固定搭配,four的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。
8. ninth 解析:考查序数词表生日。“第九个生日”用序数词ninth,前面有物主代词his,省略the,nine的序数词为不规则变化(nine→ninth)。
9. twelfth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(月份)。“一年的第十二个月是十二月”,用序数词twelfth,前面加the,twelve的序数词为不规则变化。
10. third 解析:考查序数词表顺序(楼层)。“住在三楼”用序数词third,“the third floor”是固定搭配,three的序数词为不规则变化。
11. fourth 解析:考查序数词表顺序。“第四次参观博物馆”用序数词fourth,前面有物主代词my,省略the,four的序数词为规则变化。
12. sixteenth 解析:考查序数词表日期。“这个月的第十六天”用序数词sixteenth,前面加the,sixteen的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。
13. first 解析:考查序数词表名次。“获得一等奖”用序数词first,“the first prize”是固定搭配,one的序数词为不规则变化。
14. seventh 解析:考查序数词表生日。“第七个生日派对”用序数词seventh,前面有物主代词her,省略the,seven的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。
14.
15. nineteenth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(课程)。“第十九节课”用序数词nineteenth,前面加the,nineteen的序数词为规则变化(加-th)。
16. twentieth 解析:考查序数词表日期。“5月20日”的“日”用序数词twentieth,前面加the,twenty的序数词为规则变化(变y为i加-eth)。
17. third 解析:考查序数词表名次。“获得第三名”用序数词third,“the third place”是固定搭配,three的序数词为不规则变化。
18. fifth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(兄弟姐妹排行)。“我的五姐”用序数词fifth,前面有物主代词my,省略the,five的序数词为不规则变化。
19. eighth 解析:考查序数词表顺序(月份)。“一年的第八个月是八月”,用序数词eighth,前面加the,eight的序数词为不规则变化。
20. forty-first 解析:考查序数词表周年。“第四十一周年”用序数词forty-first,几十几的序数词只变个位,十位不变,加连字符,forty的序数词为规则变化(变y为i加-eth)。
五、数词的特殊用法(分数、小数、百分数、倍数)
这是高三英语数词的核心重难点,高考中常结合语法填空、短文改错考查,尤其是分数、倍数的表达及主谓一致,需重点掌握每种用法的规则和易错点。
1. 分数(Fractions)(高考高频)
核心表达规则(必须熟记)
1. 分子:用基数词(one, two, three...)。
2. 分母:用序数词(first, second, third...),分子大于1时,分母加-s。
3. 特殊表达:1/2 用 a half(不用 one second);1/4 用 a quarter(不用 one fourth);3/4 用 three quarters(不用 three fourths)。
4. 带分数:整数部分 + and + 分数 → 2 1/2(two and a half)、3 2/3(three and two thirds)。
主谓一致规则(高考易错点)
分数修饰名词时,谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数决定:
- 修饰可数名词复数:谓语动词用复数 → Two thirds of the students are boys.(三分之二的学生是男孩。)
- 修饰不可数名词:谓语动词用单数 → One fourth of the water is dirty.(四分之一的水是脏的。)
✅ 例句:One third of the land is covered with grass.(三分之一的土地被草覆盖。);Three fifths of the books are new.(五分之三的书是新的。)
2. 小数(Decimals)
核心表达规则:直接读数,小数点读作 point,小数点后的数字逐个读出(均用基数词)。
✅ 例句:0.5(zero point five / point five)、1.25(one point two five)、3.1415(three point one four one five)。
易错点:小数点前的0可省略(如 point five),但高考中建议写zero point five,更规范;小数点后的数字不能连读,需逐个读出。
3. 百分数(Percentages)
核心表达规则:基数词 + percent(不可数,无复数),缩写为%(高考中可写percent或%)。
主谓一致规则(与分数一致)
- 修饰可数名词复数:谓语动词用复数 → 60 percent of the students are from the countryside.(60%的学生来自农村。)
- 修饰不可数名词:谓语动词用单数 → 30 percent of the water is clean.(30%的水是干净的。)
✅ 例句:50 percent of the time is spent on study.(50%的时间用于学习。);70 percent of the trees are planted by students.(70%的树是学生种的。)
易错点:percent不能加s(如:不能说50 percents),缩写%后面无需加s。
4. 倍数(Multiples)(高考核心重难点)
核心表达规则(三种常用结构,高考常考前两种):
1. 倍数 + times + as + 形容词原级 + as → 表示“是……的几倍”。
2. ✅ 例句:This room is three times as big as that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。)
3. 倍数 + times + 形容词比较级 + than → 表示“比……大/多几倍”。
4. ✅ 例句:This room is two times bigger than that one.(这个房间比那个房间大两倍/是那个房间的三倍大。)
5. 倍数 + times + the + 名词(size, length, width等)+ of → 表示“是……的几倍大/长/宽”。
6. ✅ 例句:This room is three times the size of that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。)
⚠️ 易错点:倍数表达中,“两倍”用two times或twice(twice更常用),不能说two time;倍数后面的times不能省略。
单句填空限时训练 5
1. Two thirds of the earth’s surface ______ (cover) by water.
2. Nearly 40 percent of the forest ______ (destroy) in the past ten years.
3. This bridge is twice as long ______ that one.
4. Three ______ (quarter) of the money has been used up.
5. One and a half apples ______ (be) left on the table.
6. The yard is three times the ______ (wide) of our classroom.
7. 0.8 is read as zero point ______ (eight).
8. Sixty percent of the workers in this factory ______ (be) women.
9. This river is three times ______ (long) than that small river.
10. One ______ (five) of the homework is too difficult for students.
11. Half of the bread ______ (go) bad already.
12. The new stadium is four times ______ big as the old one.
13. 3.15 is read as three point one ______ (five).
14. Seventy ______ (percent) of the sand is blown away by the wind.
15. Two fifths of the teachers ______ (have) rich teaching experience.
16. The building is twice ______ (tall) than the library.
17. One fourth of the information ______ (be) useless for our research.
18. The lake is twice the ______ (deep) of this pool.
19. Two ______ (time) as many books will be bought next term.
20. Three and a half ______ (month) is enough to finish the task.
答案 + 详细解析
1. is covered解析:分数 + 不可数名词 surface,谓语用单数;surface 与 cover 为被动关系,一般现在时被动。
2. has been destroyed解析:percent + 不可数名词 forest,谓语单数;in the past ten years 用现在完成时,森林被破坏,被动语态。
3. as解析:倍数固定结构:倍数 + as + 原级 + as。
4. quarters解析:分子大于 1,分母序数词用复数;three quarters 四分之三,固定搭配。
5. are解析:one and a half + 可数名词复数,整体作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
6. width解析:倍数结构:倍数 + the + 名词 (size/length/width/depth)+of,wide 名词为 width。
7. eight解析:小数读法:小数点后数字用基数词逐个读出。
8. are解析:percent + 可数名词复数 workers,谓语动词用复数。
9. longer解析:倍数比较级结构:倍数 + 比较级 + than,long 比较级 longer。
10. fifth解析:分数规则:分母用序数词,one fifth 五分之一。
11. has gone解析:half 等同于分数,修饰不可数名词 bread,谓语单数;already 用现在完成时。
12. as解析:倍数原级固定搭配:as big as。
13. five解析:小数读数规则,小数点后数字逐个用基数词。
14. percent解析:percent 永远无复数,前面直接加数词。
15. have解析:分数 + 可数名词复数 teachers,谓语动词用复数。
16. taller解析:倍数 + 形容词比较级 + than,tall 比较级 taller。
17. is解析:分数 + 不可数名词 information,谓语动词用单数。
18. depth解析:the + 名词 + of 结构,deep 名词 depth(深度)。
19. times解析:time 表 “倍数” 时为可数名词,two times=twice。
20. months解析:three and a half 后接可数名词复数;整体时间段作主语,谓语用单数,仅名词变复数。
六、易混数词及用法辨析(高考高频易混)
1. hundred /thousand/million /billion 「有无 s + of」核心辨析
① 确切数字(具体数字)
前面有基数词(one、two、ten 等)→ 不加 s,不加 of
结构:基数词 + hundred/thousand/million + 名词复数
例:
five hundred students 五百名学生
three thousand trees 三千棵树
② 模糊概数(不具体数字)
无具体基数词,表 “成百上千、成千上万”→ 加 s + of
结构:hundreds /thousands/millions + of + 名词复数
例:
hundreds of people 数百人
thousands of tourists 成千上万的游客
致命易错(改错必考)
❌ five hundreds of
❌ hundreds student
✅ five hundred students
✅ hundreds of students
2. dozen /score 易混辨析(高考冷频但易错)
(1)dozen 一打(12 个)
确切数:基数词 + dozen 不加 s,无 of
two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋
模糊概数:dozens of + 名词复数 几十个;许多
(2)score 二十
确切数:基数词 + score 不加 s
three score years 六十年
固定搭配:scores of 许多,大量
特殊固定:two score of them(限定范围时可加 of)
3. another + 数词 vs 数词 + more/other
同义转换:还要 / 再来……
another + 基数词 + 名词
基数词 + more/other + 名词
例:
another three days = three more days 另外三天
another ten books = ten other books 额外十本书
4. 序数词易混:first /at first ;last /at last
first 第一(序数词,表顺序)
He is the first to arrive.
at first 起初;一开始(时间状语,表转折)
At first I disliked English, but now I love it.
last 最后的;上一个
the last page 最后一页 /last year 去年
at last 终于;最终(表历经波折)
At last, we finished the task.
5. 倍数易混:twice /two times ;double
twice 两倍(高考首选,正式用法)
two times 两倍(口语化,语法正确)
错误表达:❌ two time
double 可作形容词 / 动词 / 名词
double the size 两倍大小 ;The price doubled. 价格翻倍
6. 分数易混:a half /half a ;a quarter
1/2 固定:a half /half a/an + 名词
half an hour 半小时 = a half hour
1/4:a quarter ;3/4:three quarters
❌ one fourth(书面少用,高考优先 quarter)
七、数词固定搭配 + 全网高频易错点(必背)
(一)时间 & 年龄固定数词搭配
in one’s + 整十数词复数 → 在某人几十多岁时
in his thirties 在他三十多岁
in her fifties 在她五十多岁
易错:整十变复数,不能用单数
❌ in his thirty
in the + 整十数词复数 + 年代 → 在…… 世纪…… 年代
in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代
in the 2020s 在 21 世纪 20 年代
⚠️必记:年代必须加 the + 复数 s
one day 某天(过去 / 将来)
some day 将来某天
the other day 几天前(一般过去时)
(二)高频数量固定短语
a dozen of 一打……
scores of 许多;大量
hundreds of 数百
thousands of 成千上万
millions of 数百万
one by one 一个接一个
day by day 日复一日
twice a week 一周两次(次数表达)
(三)主谓一致终极易错汇总
1、分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词
2、谓语动词单复数看 of 后的名词
3、不可数 / 单数名词→谓语单数;复数名词→谓语复数
4、Two thirds of the water is…
5、40 percent of the students are…
6、one and a half + 名词复数
7、作主语,谓语动词用单数
8、One and a half hours is enough.
9、many a + 单数名词 许多
10、形式单数,意义复数,谓语单数
11、Many a student has made the mistake.
12、every + 数词 每隔……
13、every three days 每三天 = every third day
(四)书写 & 形式易错点
1. percent 无复数
❌ 60 percents ✅ 60 percent
2. 小数点后数字逐个读
3.26 → three point two six
3. 带分数:整数 + and + 分数
two and a half days 两天半
4. 序数词缩写:1st 2nd 3rd 4th 规律牢记
5. “第几” 必须加 the
the second floor 二楼
(五)倍数表达三大避错
1. A is 3 times as + 原级 + as B
2. A is 3 times + 比较级 + than B
3. A is 3 times the +size/length/width/depth/height+ of B
4、两倍只用 twice/two times,无 second time
5、倍数结构中 the + 名词 不能省略
(六)高频小短语速记
first of all 首先
second to none 首屈一指
at one time 曾经
in two minds 犹豫不决
ten to one 十有八九(很可能)
单句填空限时训练 6
1. There are ______ (hundred) of people gathering in the square.
2. Five ______ (thousand) villagers have moved into new houses.
3. He bought two ______ (dozen) eggs from the supermarket yesterday.
4. ______ (score) of volunteers came to help with the community work.
5. We need ______ (another) three days to finish the project.
6. The writer became famous in his ______ (thirty).
7. People’s living conditions improved greatly in the ______ (1990).
8. Many a student ______ (have) realized the importance of grammar.
9. One and a half days ______ (be) too short for this difficult task.
10. They go hiking ______ (two) a month to relax themselves.
11. Ten to one, he ______ (miss) the early bus tomorrow.
12. We have stayed here for days; we need three ______ (much) chairs.
13. At ______ (one), I found physics hard to learn.
14. Three ______ (score) workers attended the meeting last Friday.
15. Hundreds of millions of trees ______ (plant) in recent years.
答案 + 超详细解析
1、hundreds
解析:无具体基数词,表模糊概数,用 hundreds of 成百上千。
2、thousand
解析:前面有具体数字 Five,表确切数量,thousand 不加 s、不加 of。
3、dozen
解析:基数词 two 修饰 dozen,表确切数量,dozen 用原形,无 s。
4、Scores
解析:固定搭配 scores of 许多、大量,句首首字母大写。
5、another
解析:固定结构:another + 数词 + 名词 = 数词 + more + 名词,意为 “额外的、再……”。
6、thirties
解析:固定结构:in one’s + 整十数复数,表示 “在某人几十多岁时”。
7、1990s / 1990’s
解析:固定结构:in the + 年份复数,表示 “…… 年代”。
8、has
解析:many a + 单数名词 作主语,意义复数、语法单数,谓语动词用单数。
9、is
解析:one and a half + 名词复数 作主语,视作一个整体,谓语用单数。
10、twice
解析:次数表达:twice a month 一月两次,固定用法。
11、will miss
解析:ten to one 十有八九,表将来推测,用一般将来时。
12、more
解析:数词 + more + 名词 表 “再 / 另外……”,= another three chairs。
13、first
解析:固定短语 at first 起初,一开始,为高考高频固定搭配。
14、score
解析:基数词 Three 修饰 score,表确切数量,score 用原形。
15、have been planted
解析:
① 主语 trees 为复数;
② in recent years 用现在完成时;
③ 树木与 plant 为被动关系,故用现在完成时被动。
七、数词过关检测
1. December is the ______ (twelve) month of a year.
2. There are ______ (hundred) of people gathering in the square to celebrate the festival.
3. The bridge is two ______ (hundred) meters long, built in 1990.
4. It’s reported that ______ (two) thirds of the farmland has been watered.
5. He became a teacher in his ______ (twenty).
6. The old man passed away in the ______ (ninety) of last century.
7. This is the ______ (five) time that I have visited the ancient city.
8. About three ______ (thousand) students took part in the sports meeting last week.
9. ______ (one) of my best friends will go abroad next month.
10. The meeting will be held on June the ______ (eight).
11. As far as I know, only one ______ (ten) of the workers are women.
12. The factory produced twice as many cars in 2025 as it did in the ______ (1980).
13. She is the ______ (three) child in her family.
14. Millions ______ stars are shining brightly in the night sky.
15. There is a tall tree at the ______ (end) of the street, No. ______ (forty-five).
16. It took him one and a half ______ (hour) to finish the task.
17. The weight of the box is three ______ (kilo), easy to carry.
18. ______ (dozen) of books are donated to the rural schools every year.
19. The price of the house is ______ (four) times higher than it was ten years ago.
20. Class ______ (nine) won the first prize in the school singing competition.
答案 + 详细解析
1、twelfth解析:考查序数词。句意:十二月是一年中的第十二个月份。定冠词 the + 序数词,twelve 变序数词为不规则变化 twelfth。
2、hundreds解析:考查概数用法。hundreds of 为固定搭配,表示 “成百上千的”;模糊概数时,hundred/thousand 用复数 + of。
3、hundred解析:考查具体数字用法。前面有具体数字 two,hundred 用单数原形,不加 s 和 of。
4、two
解析:考查分数表达。分数规则:分子基数词,分母序数词;分子大于 1,分母加 s。two thirds 三分之二。
5、twenties
解析:固定搭配 in one’s + 整十数复数,表示 “在某人几十多岁时”。in his twenties 在他二十多岁时。
6、nineties
解析:年代固定结构:in the + 整十数复数 + of...。in the nineties of last century 在上世纪 90 年代。
7、fifth
解析:固定句型:This is the + 序数词 + time that... 表示 “这是第几次做某事”,five 序数词 fifth。
8、thousand
解析:前面有具体数字 three,thousand 用单数原形,无 s 无 of。
9、One
解析:one of + 复数名词,表示 “…… 之一”,句首首字母大写。
10、eighth
解析:日期表达:月份 + the + 序数词。eight 序数词 eighth。
11、tenth
解析:分数表达,分子 one(单数),分母用序数词单数 tenth。one tenth 十分之一。
12、1980s/1980’s
解析:年代表达 in the + 年份 s,in the 1980s 在 20 世纪 80 年代。
13、third
解析:定冠词 the 后接序数词表顺序,the third child 第三个孩子。
14、of
解析:固定搭配 millions of 数百万的,模糊概数必须加 of。
15、forty-five
解析:编号表达:No. + 基数词,用连字符连接复合数词。
16、hours
解析:one and a half + 可数名词复数,表示 “一个半……”,hour 复数 hours。
17、kilos
解析:three 后接可数名词复数,kilo 复数直接加 s。
18、Dozens
解析:dozens of 固定搭配 “几十个;许多”,模糊概数复数 + of,句首大写。
19、four
解析:倍数表达用基数词,four times 四倍,为高考高频倍数结构。
20、Nine
解析:班级编号:Class + 大写基数词,固定表达,首字母大写。
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高三英语语法专项:数词用法全解(解析版)
考点总目录
1. 数词的定义及核心特征
2. 数词的分类(基数词、序数词,高三核心)
3. 基数词的用法(计数、年龄、时间、度量等)
4. 序数词的用法(顺序、日期、等级等)
5. 数词的特殊用法(分数、小数、百分数、倍数)
6. 易混数词及用法辨析(高考高频)
7. 数词固定搭配及易错点
8. 数词用法过关检测
一、数词的定义及核心特征
核心定义
数词(Numeral)是表示数量、顺序、倍数、分数等的词,主要用来修饰名词或在句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语等,是高考语法填空、短文改错、完形填空、书面表达的高频考点,尤其在时间、日期、数量描述类语境中高频出现,易错点集中在序数词拼写、特殊表达及固定搭配上。
核心特征
1. 核心功能:表示“数量”(基数词)或“顺序”(序数词),部分可表示倍数、分数、百分数,直接关联名词的单复数形式。
2. 句法功能:可作定语(最常用)、主语、宾语、表语、状语,其中作定语时需注意与名词的搭配(可数/不可数、单复数)。
3. 词形变化:序数词有特殊词形变化(多数加-th,部分特殊变化);基数词除one→first、two→second等对应序数词外,本身无其他词形变化(除hundred/thousand/million等的单复数)。
4. 搭配规则:与名词连用时,基数词修饰可数名词复数(除one外),序数词修饰可数名词单数,且前面常加the;分数、百分数修饰名词时,需根据名词性质确定谓语动词单复数。
特征口诀
数词分两类,基数序数次;基数表数量,序数表顺序。
基数直接数,one到hundred;序数有变化,th结尾别漏下。
分数分子基,分母序,分子大于一,分母加-s;倍数倍数加times,分数倍数看名词。
时间日期用数词,零冠词用法要记实;易错点多勤练习,高考得分不费力。
单句填空限时训练 1
1. There are ______ (three) books on the desk. The ______ (three) one is mine.
2. He is ______ (fifty) years old, and he will have his ______ (fifty) birthday next month.
3. ______ (one) of the students in our class is from Beijing.
4. This is the ______ (twelve) lesson we have learned this term.
5. There are ______ (hundred) of people in the square.
6. He bought ______ (two) bottles of milk and ______ (a) loaf of bread.
7. The meeting will start at ______ (8:30) this evening.
8. She got the ______ (one) prize in the singing competition.
9. There are ______ (thousand) of trees in the forest.
10. Today is my brother’s ______ (eighteen) birthday.
11. ______ (two) thirds of the land is covered with water.
12. He is ______ (three) years older than me.
13. The city has a population of over ______ (two) million.
14. This book is ______ (five) times thicker than that one.
15. She finished the work in ______ (one) and a half hours.
16. The ______ (five) day of the week is Thursday.
17. There are ______ (sixteen) girls in our class.
18. He has ______ (three) times as many books as I do.
19. The temperature will drop to ______ (minus five) degrees Celsius tonight.
20. This is the ______ (forty) anniversary of our school.
二、数词的分类(基数词、序数词,高三核心)
数词主要分为两大类:基数词和序数词,两者用法不同,核心区别的是“数量”与“顺序”,是高考数词考查的核心,需重点区分并掌握。
1. 基数词(Cardinal Numerals)
核心功能:表示“数量多少”,是数词的基础形式,可用于计数、年龄、时间、度量、人口等场景,高考中侧重考查与名词的搭配、hundred/thousand/million等的用法。
核心分类(高考高频范围)
1-19:不规则拼写(需熟记):one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen。
20-99:整十数(规则,加-ty):twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;非整十数(几十几,中间加连字符):twenty-one, thirty-five, forty-eight(注意:连字符不能省略,高考短文改错常考)。
100及以上:100(hundred)、1000(thousand)、1000000(million)、1000000000(billion);表达规则:具体数字 + hundred/thousand/million/billion(单数)+ 复数名词;泛指数量(数百、数千):hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + of + 复数名词。
✅ 例句:two hundred students(两百名学生,具体数字,hundred用单数);hundreds of students(数百名学生,泛指,hundred用复数)。
2. 序数词(Ordinal Numerals)
核心功能:表示“顺序、等级、日期”,由基数词变化而来,高考中侧重考查拼写、前面the的用法、与名词的搭配。
核心变化规则(高考必考,分三类)
1. 规则变化:多数基数词加-th(注意拼写细节)→ four→fourth, six→sixth, seven→seventh, ten→tenth, thirteen→thirteenth, twenty→twentieth, thirty→thirtieth(整十数变y为i,加-eth)。
2. 不规则变化(必须熟记,高考高频):one→first, two→second, three→third, five→fifth, eight→eighth, nine→ninth, twelve→twelfth。
3. 几十几的序数词:只变个位,十位不变,中间加连字符→ twenty-one→twenty-first, thirty-five→thirty-fifth, forty-eight→forty-eighth(连字符不能省略)。
✅ 例句:the first day(第一天)、the twenty-third of May(5月23日)、the thirty-fifth lesson(第三十五课)。
注意:序数词前面通常加the,但如果前面有形容词性物主代词(my, his, her等)或名词所有格,可省略the(如:my third book 我的第三本书,无需加the)。
单句填空限时训练 2
1. There are ______ (seventeen) boys in our class. The ______ (seventeen) boy is my deskmate.
2. My father is ______ (forty) years old, and today is his ______ (forty) birthday.
3. ______ (Eight) of the students have passed the exam.
4. This is the ______ (nine) time I have seen this movie.
5. There are ______ (two hundred) students in the school hall.
6. She bought ______ (thirty-two) apples and ______ (one) orange.
7. The train will arrive at ______ (9:15) tomorrow morning.
8. He got the ______ (three) prize in the math competition.
9. ______ (Thousand) of birds fly to the south in winter.
10. Today is September the ______ (twenty-first).
11. ______ (Three) quarters of the students are boys.
12. She is ______ (five) years younger than her sister.
13. The city has a population of over ______ (three) million.
14. This bridge is ______ (two) times longer than that one.
15. He finished his homework in ______ (two) and a half hours.
16. The ______ (seven) day of the week is Saturday.
17. There are ______ (nineteen) girls in the art club.
18. She has ______ (four) times as much money as I do.
19. The temperature is ______ (plus ten) degrees Celsius today.
20. This is the ______ (fiftieth) anniversary of the founding of the company.
三、基数词的用法(计数、年龄、时间、度量等)
基数词是高考数词考查的基础,核心用法集中在“数量描述”的各类场景,需掌握不同场景的搭配规则,避免易错点(如hundred/thousand的单复数、连字符用法等)。
1. 表计数(最常用)
用于表示人、物的具体数量,修饰名词时,需注意名词的单复数:
- 基数词1:修饰单数可数名词(one + 单数名词)→ one book(一本书)、one student(一名学生)。
- 基数词2及以上:修饰复数可数名词(基数词 + 复数名词)→ two books(两本书)、thirty students(三十名学生)。
- 修饰不可数名词:需搭配单位词(piece, bottle, cup等),再用基数词修饰单位词→ two pieces of paper(两张纸)、three bottles of water(三瓶水)。
✅ 例句:I have three pens and one pencil.(我有三支钢笔和一支铅笔。);She bought two boxes of milk.(她买了两盒牛奶。)
表年龄
核心结构:基数词 + years old(可省略old),也可直接用基数词(口语中)。
✅ 例句:He is ten (years old).(他十岁了。);My sister is eighteen years old.(我姐姐十八岁了。)
⚠️ 易错点:不能说“ten year old”(year需用复数),也不能说“the ten years old”(无需加the)。
3. 表时间(高考高频)
主要有两种表达方法,均需用基数词,高考常考“半点、一刻钟”的表达:
1. 直接读数法:小时 + 分钟 → 8:00(eight o’clock)、9:15(nine fifteen)、10:30(ten thirty)。
2. 间接读数法:
- 分钟 ≤ 30:分钟 + past + 小时 → 9:15(a quarter past nine,一刻钟= a quarter)、10:20(twenty past ten)。
- 分钟 > 30:(60 - 分钟)+ to + (小时 + 1) → 9:45(a quarter to ten)、10:50(ten to eleven)。
⚠️ 易错点:a quarter 表示“一刻钟(15分钟)”,half 表示“半小时(30分钟)”,不能说“fifteen minutes past nine”(虽正确,但高考更常用a quarter past nine)。
4. 表度量(长度、重量、面积等)
结构:基数词 + 度量单位(meter, kilogram, square meter等),单位词根据基数词单复数变化(基数词≥2时,单位词用复数)。
✅ 例句:The desk is two meters long.(这张桌子两米长。);He weighs sixty kilograms.(他重六十公斤。);The room is twenty square meters.(这个房间二十平方米。)
5. 表人口、数量范围
核心考查hundred/thousand/million/billion的用法(高考易错点):
- 具体数字 + hundred/thousand/million/billion(单数)+ 复数名词 → 表示确切数量。
- hundreds/thousands/millions/billions + of + 复数名词 → 表示泛指数量(数百、数千、数百万、数十亿)。
✅ 例句:five hundred people(五百人)、three thousand trees(三千棵树);hundreds of people(数百人)、thousands of trees(数千棵树)。
易错点:不能说“five hundreds people”“three thousands of trees”(具体数字后用单数,of只用于泛指)。
单句填空限时训练 3
1. I have ______ (one) pen and ______ (two) pencils in my pencil box.
2. She is ______ (thirteen) years old, and she will be ______ (fourteen) next year.
3. The meeting will start at ______ (10:45) a.m. tomorrow.
4. This river is ______ (fifty) meters wide.
5. There are ______ (three hundred and fifty) students in our grade.
6. He bought ______ (four) pieces of bread and ______ (one) bottle of juice.
7. ______ (Hundred) of people attended the concert last night.
8. My brother weighs ______ (seventy-five) kilograms.
9. The train will leave at ______ (7:30) p.m.
10. There are ______ (two thousand) books in our school library.
11. She drank ______ (three) cups of tea this morning.
12. The boy is ______ (nine) years old, and he is in Grade ______ (four).
13. The city has a population of ______ (one million) people.
14. This bridge is ______ (one hundred and twenty) meters long.
15. ______ (Thousand) of birds are flying in the sky.
16. I have ______ (five) boxes of chocolates.
17. The meeting will last for ______ (two) hours and ______ (thirty) minutes.
18. He is ______ (sixty) years old, and he still works hard.
19. There are ______ (four hundred) workers in the factory.
20. She bought ______ (six) bottles of milk.
四、序数词的用法(顺序、日期、等级等)
序数词的核心是“表顺序”,高考考查重点集中在:拼写、前面the的用法、日期表达、等级表达,易错点为不规则变化的拼写和the的省略情况。
1. 表顺序(最常用)
用于表示人、物的顺序,修饰名词时,名词通常用单数,前面通常加the;若前面有形容词性物主代词(my, his, her等)或名词所有格,可省略the。
✅ 例句:the first lesson(第一节课)、the second floor(二楼)、my third book(我的第三本书)、Tom’s fifth birthday(汤姆的第五个生日)。
⚠️ 易错点:序数词修饰名词时,名词必须用单数(如:the third book,不能说the third books);前面有物主代词时,不能再加the(如:my first teacher,不能说my the first teacher)。
2. 表日期(高考高频)
英语日期的表达有两种,均需用序数词,核心是“日”用序数词,月份和年用基数词:
1. 美式表达:月份 + 序数词 + 年 → June 1st, 2024(2024年6月1日)。
2. 英式表达:序数词 + 月份 + 年 → 1st June, 2024(2024年6月1日)。
✅ 例句:Today is October 10th, 2024.(今天是2024年10月10日。);Her birthday is on 5th March.(她的生日在3月5日。)
⚠️ 易错点:日期中的序数词可缩写(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...),但拼写时需写完整(first, second, third...);月份首字母必须大写,年用基数词。
3. 表等级、名次
用于表示比赛、考试的名次,核心搭配:the + 序数词 + prize(奖品)、get the + 序数词 + place(获得第……名)。
✅ 例句:He got the first place in the race.(他在比赛中获得第一名。);She won the second prize in the speech contest.(她在演讲比赛中获得二等奖。)
4. 表分数(分母用序数词)
分数的表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加-s(详细用法见第五模块)。
✅ 例句:one third(三分之一)、two fifths(五分之二)、three quarters(四分之三)。
单句填空限时训练 4
1. This is the ______ (one) time I have been to Beijing.
2. Her birthday is on August the ______ (twenty-third).
3. He got the ______ (two) place in the English competition.
4. My ______ (three) brother is a doctor.
5. The ______ (five) lesson is about environmental protection.
6. Today is the ______ (eighth) of September.
7. She won the ______ (four) prize in the painting competition.
8. His ______ (nine) birthday is coming soon.
9. The ______ (twelve) month of the year is December.
10. I live on the ______ (third) floor of this building.
11. This is my ______ (fourth) time to visit this museum.
12. The ______ (sixteenth) day of the month is my sister’s birthday.
13. He got the ______ (first) prize in the math exam.
14. Her ______ (seventh) birthday party will be held this weekend.
15. The ______ (nineteenth) lesson is very difficult.
16. Today is the ______ (twentieth) of May.
17. She won the ______ (third) place in the singing contest.
18. My ______ (fifth) sister is a teacher.
19. The ______ (eighth) month of the year is August.
20. This is the ______ (forty-first) anniversary of our school.
五、数词的特殊用法(分数、小数、百分数、倍数)
这是高三英语数词的核心重难点,高考中常结合语法填空、短文改错考查,尤其是分数、倍数的表达及主谓一致,需重点掌握每种用法的规则和易错点。
1. 分数(Fractions)(高考高频)
核心表达规则(必须熟记)
1. 分子:用基数词(one, two, three...)。
2. 分母:用序数词(first, second, third...),分子大于1时,分母加-s。
3. 特殊表达:1/2 用 a half(不用 one second);1/4 用 a quarter(不用 one fourth);3/4 用 three quarters(不用 three fourths)。
4. 带分数:整数部分 + and + 分数 → 2 1/2(two and a half)、3 2/3(three and two thirds)。
主谓一致规则(高考易错点)
分数修饰名词时,谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数决定:
- 修饰可数名词复数:谓语动词用复数 → Two thirds of the students are boys.(三分之二的学生是男孩。)
- 修饰不可数名词:谓语动词用单数 → One fourth of the water is dirty.(四分之一的水是脏的。)
✅ 例句:One third of the land is covered with grass.(三分之一的土地被草覆盖。);Three fifths of the books are new.(五分之三的书是新的。)
2. 小数(Decimals)
核心表达规则:直接读数,小数点读作 point,小数点后的数字逐个读出(均用基数词)。
✅ 例句:0.5(zero point five / point five)、1.25(one point two five)、3.1415(three point one four one five)。
易错点:小数点前的0可省略(如 point five),但高考中建议写zero point five,更规范;小数点后的数字不能连读,需逐个读出。
3. 百分数(Percentages)
核心表达规则:基数词 + percent(不可数,无复数),缩写为%(高考中可写percent或%)。
主谓一致规则(与分数一致)
- 修饰可数名词复数:谓语动词用复数 → 60 percent of the students are from the countryside.(60%的学生来自农村。)
- 修饰不可数名词:谓语动词用单数 → 30 percent of the water is clean.(30%的水是干净的。)
✅ 例句:50 percent of the time is spent on study.(50%的时间用于学习。);70 percent of the trees are planted by students.(70%的树是学生种的。)
易错点:percent不能加s(如:不能说50 percents),缩写%后面无需加s。
4. 倍数(Multiples)(高考核心重难点)
核心表达规则(三种常用结构,高考常考前两种):
1. 倍数 + times + as + 形容词原级 + as → 表示“是……的几倍”。
2. ✅ 例句:This room is three times as big as that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。)
3. 倍数 + times + 形容词比较级 + than → 表示“比……大/多几倍”。
4. ✅ 例句:This room is two times bigger than that one.(这个房间比那个房间大两倍/是那个房间的三倍大。)
5. 倍数 + times + the + 名词(size, length, width等)+ of → 表示“是……的几倍大/长/宽”。
6. ✅ 例句:This room is three times the size of that one.(这个房间是那个房间的三倍大。)
⚠️ 易错点:倍数表达中,“两倍”用two times或twice(twice更常用),不能说two time;倍数后面的times不能省略。
单句填空限时训练 5
1. Two thirds of the earth’s surface ______ (cover) by water.
2. Nearly 40 percent of the forest ______ (destroy) in the past ten years.
3. This bridge is twice as long ______ that one.
4. Three ______ (quarter) of the money has been used up.
5. One and a half apples ______ (be) left on the table.
6. The yard is three times the ______ (wide) of our classroom.
7. 0.8 is read as zero point ______ (eight).
8. Sixty percent of the workers in this factory ______ (be) women.
9. This river is three times ______ (long) than that small river.
10. One ______ (five) of the homework is too difficult for students.
11. Half of the bread ______ (go) bad already.
12. The new stadium is four times ______ big as the old one.
13. 3.15 is read as three point one ______ (five).
14. Seventy ______ (percent) of the sand is blown away by the wind.
15. Two fifths of the teachers ______ (have) rich teaching experience.
16. The building is twice ______ (tall) than the library.
17. One fourth of the information ______ (be) useless for our research.
18. The lake is twice the ______ (deep) of this pool.
19. Two ______ (time) as many books will be bought next term.
20. Three and a half ______ (month) is enough to finish the task.
六、易混数词及用法辨析(高考高频易混)
1. hundred /thousand/million /billion 「有无 s + of」核心辨析
① 确切数字(具体数字)
前面有基数词(one、two、ten 等)→ 不加 s,不加 of
结构:基数词 + hundred/thousand/million + 名词复数
例:
five hundred students 五百名学生
three thousand trees 三千棵树
② 模糊概数(不具体数字)
无具体基数词,表 “成百上千、成千上万”→ 加 s + of
结构:hundreds /thousands/millions + of + 名词复数
例:
hundreds of people 数百人
thousands of tourists 成千上万的游客
致命易错(改错必考)
❌ five hundreds of
❌ hundreds student
✅ five hundred students
✅ hundreds of students
2. dozen /score 易混辨析(高考冷频但易错)
(1)dozen 一打(12 个)
确切数:基数词 + dozen 不加 s,无 of
two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋
模糊概数:dozens of + 名词复数 几十个;许多
(2)score 二十
确切数:基数词 + score 不加 s
three score years 六十年
固定搭配:scores of 许多,大量
特殊固定:two score of them(限定范围时可加 of)
3. another + 数词 vs 数词 + more/other
同义转换:还要 / 再来……
another + 基数词 + 名词
基数词 + more/other + 名词
例:
another three days = three more days 另外三天
another ten books = ten other books 额外十本书
4. 序数词易混:first /at first ;last /at last
first 第一(序数词,表顺序)
He is the first to arrive.
at first 起初;一开始(时间状语,表转折)
At first I disliked English, but now I love it.
last 最后的;上一个
the last page 最后一页 /last year 去年
at last 终于;最终(表历经波折)
At last, we finished the task.
5. 倍数易混:twice /two times ;double
twice 两倍(高考首选,正式用法)
two times 两倍(口语化,语法正确)
错误表达:❌ two time
double 可作形容词 / 动词 / 名词
double the size 两倍大小 ;The price doubled. 价格翻倍
6. 分数易混:a half /half a ;a quarter
1/2 固定:a half /half a/an + 名词
half an hour 半小时 = a half hour
1/4:a quarter ;3/4:three quarters
❌ one fourth(书面少用,高考优先 quarter)
七、数词固定搭配 + 全网高频易错点(必背)
(一)时间 & 年龄固定数词搭配
in one’s + 整十数词复数 → 在某人几十多岁时
in his thirties 在他三十多岁
in her fifties 在她五十多岁
易错:整十变复数,不能用单数
❌ in his thirty
in the + 整十数词复数 + 年代 → 在…… 世纪…… 年代
in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年代
in the 2020s 在 21 世纪 20 年代
⚠️必记:年代必须加 the + 复数 s
one day 某天(过去 / 将来)
some day 将来某天
the other day 几天前(一般过去时)
(二)高频数量固定短语
a dozen of 一打……
scores of 许多;大量
hundreds of 数百
thousands of 成千上万
millions of 数百万
one by one 一个接一个
day by day 日复一日
twice a week 一周两次(次数表达)
(三)主谓一致终极易错汇总
1、分数 / 百分数 + of + 名词
2、谓语动词单复数看 of 后的名词
3、不可数 / 单数名词→谓语单数;复数名词→谓语复数
4、Two thirds of the water is…
5、40 percent of the students are…
6、one and a half + 名词复数
7、作主语,谓语动词用单数
8、One and a half hours is enough.
9、many a + 单数名词 许多
10、形式单数,意义复数,谓语单数
11、Many a student has made the mistake.
12、every + 数词 每隔……
13、every three days 每三天 = every third day
(四)书写 & 形式易错点
1. percent 无复数
❌ 60 percents ✅ 60 percent
2. 小数点后数字逐个读
3.26 → three point two six
3. 带分数:整数 + and + 分数
two and a half days 两天半
4. 序数词缩写:1st 2nd 3rd 4th 规律牢记
5. “第几” 必须加 the
the second floor 二楼
(五)倍数表达三大避错
1. A is 3 times as + 原级 + as B
2. A is 3 times + 比较级 + than B
3. A is 3 times the +size/length/width/depth/height+ of B
4、两倍只用 twice/two times,无 second time
5、倍数结构中 the + 名词 不能省略
(六)高频小短语速记
first of all 首先
second to none 首屈一指
at one time 曾经
in two minds 犹豫不决
ten to one 十有八九(很可能)
单句填空限时训练 6
1. There are ______ (hundred) of people gathering in the square.
2. Five ______ (thousand) villagers have moved into new houses.
3. He bought two ______ (dozen) eggs from the supermarket yesterday.
4. ______ (score) of volunteers came to help with the community work.
5. We need ______ (another) three days to finish the project.
6. The writer became famous in his ______ (thirty).
7. People’s living conditions improved greatly in the ______ (1990).
8. Many a student ______ (have) realized the importance of grammar.
9. One and a half days ______ (be) too short for this difficult task.
10. They go hiking ______ (two) a month to relax themselves.
11. Ten to one, he ______ (miss) the early bus tomorrow.
12. We have stayed here for days; we need three ______ (much) chairs.
13. At ______ (one), I found physics hard to learn.
14. Three ______ (score) workers attended the meeting last Friday.
15. Hundreds of millions of trees ______ (plant) in recent years.
七、数词过关检测
1. December is the ______ (twelve) month of a year.
2. There are ______ (hundred) of people gathering in the square to celebrate the festival.
3. The bridge is two ______ (hundred) meters long, built in 1990.
4. It’s reported that ______ (two) thirds of the farmland has been watered.
5. He became a teacher in his ______ (twenty).
6. The old man passed away in the ______ (ninety) of last century.
7. This is the ______ (five) time that I have visited the ancient city.
8. About three ______ (thousand) students took part in the sports meeting last week.
9. ______ (one) of my best friends will go abroad next month.
10. The meeting will be held on June the ______ (eight).
11. As far as I know, only one ______ (ten) of the workers are women.
12. The factory produced twice as many cars in 2025 as it did in the ______ (1980).
13. She is the ______ (three) child in her family.
14. Millions ______ stars are shining brightly in the night sky.
15. There is a tall tree at the ______ (end) of the street, No. ______ (forty-five).
16. It took him one and a half ______ (hour) to finish the task.
17. The weight of the box is three ______ (kilo), easy to carry.
18. ______ (dozen) of books are donated to the rural schools every year.
19. The price of the house is ______ (four) times higher than it was ten years ago.
20. Class ______ (nine) won the first prize in the school singing competition.
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