内容正文:
A little effort every day, you’ll make a big difference.
Unit 1 Cultural Heritage
Fan Jinshi, known as the “Daughter of Dunhuang,” has devoted her entire life to protecting the ancient Mogao Caves. Born in 1938, she graduated from Peking University and made a decision that changed her fate—choosing to work in the remote Gansu Province rather than 1 in the prosperous capital city.
When Fan first arrived at the caves in 1963, she was shocked by their breathtaking beauty but deeply 2 about their worsening condition. The precious murals were 3 from natural damage and human damage. Without advanced equipment or sufficient funding, she and her colleagues 4 enormous challenges in preserving these cultural treasures.
What 5 Fan from others is her innovative approach to conservation. She 6 the digital preservation project in the 1990s, recognizing that technology could create 7 records of the artworks. This creative proposal initially met with 8 , yet she persisted in convincing authorities of its necessity. Today, the digital collection 9 complete images of every cave, allowing researchers worldwide to study them without causing 10 wear.
Fan’s dedication extends 11 technical preservation. She has trained numerous young scholars, 12 that this sacred mission continues through generations. “These caves belong not only to China but to all humanity,” she often 13 . Her lifelong commitment 14 how individual passion can protect our shared heritage for 15 to come.
1. A. studying B. remaining C. teaching D. traveling
2. A. concerned B. confused C. excited D. satisfied
3. A. benefiting B. resulting C. escaping D. suffering
4. A. ignored B. avoided C. faced D. created
5. A. protects B. distinguishes C. saves D. separates
6. A. initiated B. rejected C. delayed D. opposed
7. A. temporary B. permanent C. recent D. official
8. A. support B. interest C. celebration D. skepticism
9. A. prints B. borrows C. contains D. hides
10. A. physical B. mental C. chemical D. electrical
11. A. below B. beyond C. through D. against
12. A. hoping B. pretending C. ensuring D. doubting
13. A. repeats B. whispers C. remarks D. announces
14. A. explains B. denies C. proves D. exemplifies
15. A. centuries B. months C. weeks D. hours
Unit 2 Wildlife Protection
In the mid-20th century, humpback whales faced 1 extinction due to commercial hunting. These magnificent marine mammals, capable of producing complex songs that travel vast distances through ocean waters, were 2 by the thousands for their valuable fat and meat. By 1966, fewer than 450 whales remained in the North Atlantic 3 .
The 4 of international protection measures marked a turning point for these gentle giants. The International Whaling Commission’s ban on commercial whaling, 5 in 1986, provided crucial breathing space for populations to recover. However, laws alone proved 6 without active conservation efforts and habitat preservation.
Contemporary research has 7 remarkable aspects of humpback behavior that strengthen conservation arguments. Their elaborate songs, once mysterious, are now understood as 8 communication systems. Mothers teach calves specific feeding techniques, demonstrating cultural transmission previously thought 9 to monkeys. Furthermore, their consumption of small sea animals contributes significantly to marine ecosystem 10 by facilitating food cycle.
Today, humpback whale populations have 11 dramatically, with approximately 135,000 individuals worldwide. This recovery represents one of conservation biology’s most 12 success stories. Nevertheless, new threats including climate change, ship crashes, and 13 in fishing gear demand continued attention. The humpback’s journey from the 14 of extinction to relative abundance demonstrates that determined human action can 15 even seemingly hopeless ecological damage.
1. A. distant B. coming C. impossible D. unnecessary
2. A. protected B. saved C. killed D. released
3. A. family B. group C. population D. team
4. A. introduction B. invention C. discovery D. discussion
5. A. delayed B. broken C. forgotten D. passed
6. A. sufficient B. insufficient C. effective D. efficient
7. A. revealed B. hidden C. destroyed D. denied
8. A. simple B. complex C. similar D. silent
9. A. limited B. open C. easy D. unique
10. A. balance B. change C. danger D. beauty
11. A. disappeared B. declined C. recovered D. escaped
12. A. common B. disappointing C. boring D. encouraging
13. A. freedom B. catching C. interest D. protection
14. A. base B. center C. top D. edge
15. A. ignore B. cause C. fix D. increase
Unit 3 The Internet
The spread of smartphones has greatly transformed adolescent social interaction, creating 1 opportunities alongside significant psychological risks. Recent long-term studies indicate that teenagers spending 2 amounts of time on social media platforms report higher rates of anxiety and depression compared to moderate users, though cause remains 3 among researchers.
Dr. Jean Twenge’s research on “iGen”—those born between 1995 and 2012—presents 4 correlations. As smartphone ownership became 5 around 2012, signs of psychological well-being among adolescents began declining sharply. Sleep 6 , partly due to nighttime device usage, compounds these mental health challenges. The blue light emitted by screens reduces melatonin production, disrupting sleep cycles 7 for brain recovery.
8 , the internet serves as a valuable educational resource and social lifeline for 9 youth. LGBTQ+ teenagers in unsupportive environments find communities of acceptance online. Students in remote areas access world-class educational content previously unavailable. The key difference appears to be usage patterns rather than 10 alone—active creation versus passive consumption, meaningful interaction versus superficial scrolling.
Parents and educators must 11 this complex landscape thoughtfully. Absolute ban often fails, driving underground the very behaviors adults seek to 12 . Instead, establishing tech-free zones, modeling healthy habits, and fostering open 13 about online experiences prove more effective. The digital world is neither utopia nor dystopia but a powerful tool requiring wisdom, balance, and critical 14 from its youngest users. Only through such 15 approaches can we maximize benefits while minimizing harms.
1. A. limited B. unheard-of C. traditional D. imaginary
2. A. extreme B. limited C. legal D. equal
3. A. agreed B. debated C. forgotten D. solved
4. A. alarming B. comforting C. simple D. unimportant
5. A. expensive B. difficult C. widespread D. unnecessary
6. A. study B. extension C. quality D. lack
7. A. harmful B. essential C. unknown D. impossible
8. A. Finally B. Similarly C. Therefore D. Conversely
9. A. wealthy B. popular C. isolated D. successful
10. A. cost B. purpose C. speed D. duration
11. A. avoid B. ignore C. handle D. destroy
12. A. regulate B. encourage C. praise D. ignore
13. A. competition B. silence C. dialogue D. isolation
14. A. engagement B. refusal C. fear D. production
15. A. quick B. extreme C. traditional D. balanced
Unit 4 History and Traditions
Unlike many historical cities that have 1 their architectural heritage for modernization, Kyoto maintains an extraordinary dialogue between past and present. As Japan’s imperial capital for over a millennium, this city of 1.5 million inhabitants 2 approximately 2,000 temples and shrines, creating an urban landscape where ancient traditions 3 contemporary life.
The preservation of Kyoto’s cultural fabric resulted from 4 historical circumstances rather than careful planning alone. During World War II, American scholars and officials, recognizing the city’s irreplaceable value, successfully 5 for its removal from atomic target lists. This intervention, debated yet ultimately protective, 6 structures that would otherwise have been reduced to radioactive ruins.
Kyoto’s living traditions extend 7 static monuments to include seasonal rituals that 8 community life. The cherry blossom viewing parties of spring, the Gion Matsuri’s complex floats in July, and the autumn lighting of temple gardens create rhythmic markers of time that connect modern residents to generations past. These practices are not mere tourist 9 but genuine expressions of local identity.
Yet Kyoto faces contemporary pressures that 10 this delicate balance. Overtourism has pushed infrastructure and 11 the quality of life for residents. Young people increasingly move to Tokyo for economic opportunities, leaving aging communities 12 to maintain traditional crafts. The challenge for Kyoto’s administrators involves balancing visits with preservation, ensuring that this 13 of human achievement remains active rather than becoming a 14 museum piece. Only through such careful care can Kyoto continue to serve as a 15 bridge between eras.
1. A. protected B. expanded C. sacrificed D. displayed
2. A. preserves B. destroys C. ignores D. forgets
3. A. separate from B. blend into C. oppose D. simplify
4. A. unfortunate B. fortunate C. planned D. modern
5. A. argued B. fought C. advocated D. paid
6. A. spared B. destroyed C. sold D. moved
7. A. against B. below C. within D. beyond
8. A. destroy B. ignore C. structure D. confuse
9. A. accidents B. dangers C. attractions D. problems
10. A. threaten B. improve C. create D. support
11. A. measured B. improved C. maintained D. reduced
12. A. preparing B. eager C. refusing D. struggling
13. A. collection B. rejection C. example D. copy
14. A. living B. fossilized C. modern D. popular
15. A. broken B. living C. forgotten D. invisible
Unit 5 Music
Music’s capacity to 1 profound emotional responses has puzzled philosophers for centuries, but modern neuroscience is finally revealing the biological mechanisms 2 this universal human experience. When we listen to music we enjoy, our brains release dopamine—the same neurotransmitter associated with food, drugs, and romantic love—predicting and then 3 specific patterns in the auditory stream.
Interestingly, the emotional power of music often derives from carefully 4 expectations. Composers establish tonal patterns that create 5 in listeners’ minds; the subsequent fulfillment or deliberate 6 of these expectations generates tension and release. This explains why unfamiliar musical systems may initially sound meaningless—we lack the cultural framework to form predictions. 7 , completely predictable music becomes boring, lacking the element of surprise essential for dopaminergic reward.
Neuroimaging studies 8 that musical training fundamentally alters brain structure. Professional musicians exhibit enhanced connectivity between hemispheres, larger auditory cortices, and more 9 motor control. These adaptations begin early—children who 10 instrumental training before age seven show the most pronounced structural differences. However, even late starters benefit cognitively; elderly individuals engaging in musical activities demonstrate 11 onset of dementia symptoms compared to non-musical peers.
The 12 applications of this research are expanding rapidly. Music therapy proves effective for patients with Parkinson’s disease, helping 13 gait through rhythmic entrainment. For individuals with Alzheimer’s, familiar songs often 14 memories resistant to other interventions. As our understanding deepens, music is increasingly recognized not merely as entertainment but as a fundamental human capacity with remarkable 15 potential.
1. A. ignore B. arouse C. control D. prevent
2. A. causing B. ignoring C. destroying D. simplifying
3. A. punishing B. rewarding C. forgetting D. hiding
4. A. simplified B. ignored C. forgotten D. controlled
5. A. memories B. fears C. anticipations D. dreams
6. A. violation B. protection C. creation D. support
7. A. Therefore B. Similarly C. Conversely D. First
8. A. reveal B. hide C. doubt D. question
9. A. difficult B. efficient C. slow D. painful
10. A. hate B. finish C. avoid D. begin
11. A. sudden B. immediate C. early D. delayed
12. A. medical B. musical C. financial D. political
13. A. complicate B. stop C. ignore D. regulate
14. A. forget B. destroy C. access D. ignore
15. A. limited B. harmful C. healing D. impossible
参考答案及解析
Unit 1
1---5 BADCB 6---10 ABDCA 11---15 BCCDA
文本分析
主题与体裁:人物传记类记叙文,介绍樊锦诗扎根敦煌、守护莫高窟的事迹。
文章结构:
第一段:背景介绍——樊锦诗放弃北京,选择前往甘肃敦煌。
第二段:初到敦煌时的困境——壁画受损严重,条件艰苦。
第三段:核心贡献——20世纪90年代推动数字化保护工程,克服阻力,终获成功。
第四段:传承与升华——培养后辈,强调文化遗产属于全人类,个人 passion 守护共同 heritage。
详解:
1. B. remaining 句意:她做出了改变命运的抉择——选择在偏远的甘肃省工作,而不是留在繁华的首都。前文说她毕业于北京大学,北京是prosperous capital city。她选择去甘肃,与之对比的就是“留在”北京。A. studying(学习)——她已经毕业了;C. teaching(教书)——文中未提及她在北京教书;D. traveling(旅行)——不合逻辑。故选B。
2. A. concerned 句意:1963年樊锦诗初到莫高窟时,她震惊于其 breathtaking beauty,但对其日益恶化的状况深感担忧。but 表转折,前面是“震惊于美”,后面应是负面情感。 “worsening condition”提示应选表示担忧的词。B. confused(困惑的);C. excited(兴奋的)——与 worsening condition 矛盾;D. satisfied(满意的)——与 worsening condition 矛盾。故选A。
3. D. suffering 句意:珍贵的壁画正在遭受自然损坏和人为损坏。suffer from 为固定搭配,意为“遭受……之苦”。 A. benefiting from(从……受益)——与 damage 矛盾;B. resulting from(由……导致)——主语应为 damage,而非 murals;C. escaping from(逃离)——壁画不能“逃离”损坏。故选D。
4. C. faced 句意:没有先进设备和充足资金,她和同事们面临着保护这些文化瑰宝的巨大挑战。face challenges 为固定搭配,意为“面临挑战”。A. ignored(忽视);B. avoided(避免);D. created(创造)——挑战是客观存在的,不是他们创造的。故选C。
5. B. distinguishes 句意:使樊锦诗区别于他人的是她创新的保护方法。distinguish A from B 为固定搭配,意为“使A区别于B”。A. protects...from(保护……免受);C. saves...from(拯救……免于);D. separates...from(将……分离)——侧重物理分离,不用于抽象意义上的“区别”。故选B。
6. A. initiated 句意:她在20世纪90年代发起了数字化保护工程。根据后文 “recognizing that technology could...”可知,她是这个项目的开创者。initiate 意为“发起、开创”。B. rejected(拒绝);C. delayed(推迟);D. opposed(反对)——均与后文她积极推动项目矛盾。故选A。
7. B. permanent 句意:她认识到科技能够为艺术品创造永久的记录。数字化保护的核心价值在于将文物信息永久保存,不受物理损坏影响。A. temporary(临时的)——与保护目的相反;C. recent(最近的);D. official(官方的)——不符合语境。故选B。
8. D. skepticism 句意:这一创新提议最初遭到了怀疑,但她坚持说服当局相信其必要性。yet 表转折,后面说“她坚持说服”,说明前面遇到了阻力/质疑。A. support(支持);B. interest(兴趣);C. celebration(庆祝)——均与 yet 后的 persisted 矛盾。故选D。
9. C. contains 句意:如今,这个数字库包含了每个洞窟的完整图像。contain 意为“包含”,指数字库的内容。A. prints(打印);B. borrows(借);D. hides(隐藏)——数字库是公开供研究的,不是“隐藏”。故选C。
10. A. physical 句意:让全球研究者无需造成物理性磨损就能研究它们。数字化保护的优点就是研究者不用实地进入洞窟,避免对壁画造成物理接触和磨损。B. mental(精神的);C. chemical(化学的);D. electrical(电的)——研究壁画不会造成这些类型的磨损。故选A。
11. B. beyond 句意:樊锦诗的奉献超越了技术保护层面。extend beyond 为固定搭配,意为“超越……范围”。后文说她培养年轻学者,说明她的贡献不止于技术。A. below(在……之下);C. through(通过);D. against(反对)。故选B。
12. C. ensuring 句意:她培养了众多年轻学者,确保这一神圣使命代代相传。培养年轻学者的目的就是为了确保传承。ensure 意为“确保、保证”。A. hoping(希望)——不及 ensure 有力,且 hoping 后常接 to do/that 从句,但此处语义上 ensure 更准确;B. pretending(假装);D. doubting(怀疑)——与文意相反。故选C。
13. C. remarks 句意:“这些洞窟不仅属于中国,更属于全人类,”她经常说道。remark 意为“评论、说”,常用于引用某人的言论,语气正式,适合此处。A. repeats(重复)——虽有“经常说”之意,但 repeats 后通常直接接宾语,不如 remarks 自然;B. whispers(低语)——与公开表达观点的语境不符;D. announces(宣布)——过于正式,通常用于重大消息的公布。故选C。
14. D. exemplifies 句意:她毕生的奉献 exemplifies(是……的典范/例证) 个人热情如何能够保护我们共同的文化遗产。exemplify 意为“是……的典范、例证”,强调樊锦诗的事迹是一个典型例子。A. explains(解释)——她的奉献不能“解释”passion 如何保护 heritage,而是“证明/例证”;B. denies(否认)——与文意相反;C. proves(证明)——虽可接受,但 exemplifies 更强调“以自身为榜样/例证”,与文章传记体裁更契合。故选D。
15. A. centuries句意:为后世/未来几个世纪保护我们共同的文化遗产。文化遗产的保护是跨越时代的,centuries 最能体现其长远意义。B. months(月);C. weeks(周);D. hours(小时)——时间太短,与文化遗产保护的宏大主题不符。故选A。
Unit 2
1---5 BCCAD 6---10 BABDA 11---15 CDBDC
文本分析
主题与体裁:环境保护类说明文/议论文,讲述座头鲸从濒临灭绝到种群恢复的过程。
文章结构:
第一段:背景——20世纪中期商业捕鲸导致座头鲸濒临灭绝。
第二段:转折——国际保护措施(特别是1986年商业捕鲸禁令)带来转机,但单靠法律不够。
第三段:深入论证——现代研究揭示座头鲸复杂行为(歌声、文化传递、生态作用),强化保护理由。
第四段:现状与展望——种群已大幅恢复,但新威胁(气候变化、船只撞击、渔具缠绕)仍需关注;总结:人类决心行动可以修复生态破坏。
详解:
1. B. coming句意:20世纪中期,座头鲸因商业捕猎而面临即将到来的灭绝。
face coming extinction 意为“面临迫在眉睫的灭绝”。coming 作形容词,表示“即将到来的、迫在眉睫的”。A. distant(遥远的)——与“因商业捕猎”矛盾;C. impossible(不可能的)——与文意相反;D. unnecessary(不必要的)——不合逻辑。故选B。
2. C. killed句意:这些能够发出复杂歌声、穿越广阔海域的壮丽海洋哺乳动物,成千上万地被猎杀,以获取它们珍贵的脂肪和肉。根据 “for their valuable fat and meat”可知,它们是被捕杀的对象。A. protected(保护);B. saved(拯救);D. released(释放)——均与“获取脂肪和肉”矛盾。故选C。
3. C. population句意:到1966年,北大西洋种群中仅剩不到450头鲸鱼。population 指某一区域内的生物种群数量,是生态学/保护生物学标准术语。A. family(家庭);B. group(群体)——过于笼统;D. team(团队)——用于人,不用于动物。故选C。
4. A. introduction句意:国际保护措施的引入标志着这些温和巨兽的转折点。introduction 意为“引入、实施”,常与 measure, policy, law 等搭配。B. invention(发明)——用于具体事物,不用于措施;C. discovery(发现);D. discussion(讨论)——仅讨论不足以成为转折点。故选A。
5. D. passed 句意:国际捕鲸委员会于1986年通过的商业捕鲸禁令,为种群恢复提供了关键的喘息空间。pass a ban/law 为固定搭配,意为“通过一项禁令/法律”。 A. delayed(推迟)——与“提供喘息空间”矛盾;B. broken(打破);C. forgotten(遗忘)——不合逻辑。故选D。
6. B. insufficient 句意:然而,单靠法律被证明是不够的,没有积极的保护努力和栖息地保护。However 表转折,说明法律虽好但不够,还需要其他措施。insufficient 意为“不足的”。A. sufficient(足够的)——与 However 转折矛盾;C. effective(有效的);D. efficient(高效的)——均与“还需要其他措施”矛盾。故选B。
7. A. revealed句意:当代研究揭示了座头鲸行为的显著特征,这些特征强化了保护论据。
reveal 意为“揭示、发现”,指研究带来的新认识。B. hidden(隐藏)——研究不会“隐藏”特征;C. destroyed(破坏);D. denied(否认)——与文意相反。故选A。
8. B. complex句意:它们精心编排的歌声,曾经神秘莫测,现在被理解为复杂的交流系统。前文已提到 “complex songs”,此处呼应,说明歌声是复杂的交流系统。A. simple(简单的)——与 elaborate(精心编排的)矛盾;C. similar(相似的);D. silent(沉默的)——与 songs 矛盾。故选B。
9. D. unique句意:母鲸教幼崽特定的觅食技巧,展示了此前被认为独一无二于猴子的文化传递。previously thought unique to monkeys 意为“此前被认为是猴子独有的”。unique to 为固定搭配,意为“为……所独有的”。A. limited(有限的)——limited to 虽可搭配,但语义不如 unique 准确;B. open(开放的);C. easy(容易的)——不合逻辑。故选D。
10. A. balance句意:此外,它们捕食小型海洋生物,通过促进食物循环,对海洋生态系统平衡作出重大贡献。ecosystem balance 为生态学术语,意为“生态平衡”。B. change(变化);C. danger(危险);D. beauty(美丽)——均不符合“促进食物循环”的功能性描述。故选A。
11. C. recovered句意:如今,座头鲸种群已大幅恢复,全球约有13.5万头。从“fewer than 450”到“135,000”,显然是恢复。recover 意为“恢复”。A. disappeared(消失);B. declined(下降)——与数据矛盾;D. escaped(逃离)——不合语境。故选C。
12. D. encouraging 句意:这一恢复是保护生物学史上最令人鼓舞的成功案例之一。从濒临灭绝到种群恢复,显然是令人鼓舞的。encouraging 意为“鼓舞人心的”。A. common(普通的)——与“most”搭配不当,且成功案例不应是“普通的”;B. disappointing(令人失望的);C. boring(无聊的)——均与成功恢复矛盾。故选D。
13. B. catching句意:然而,气候变化、船只撞击以及被渔具缠绕等新威胁需要持续关注。
catching in fishing gear 指被渔网、渔线等缠绕困住,是海洋哺乳动物面临的常见威胁。catch 在此处意为“缠住、钩住”。A. freedom(自由);C. interest(兴趣);D. protection(保护)——均不构成威胁。故选B。
14. D. edge句意:座头鲸从灭绝边缘到相对繁盛的历程表明……。the edge of extinction 为固定表达,意为“灭绝的边缘”。A. base(底部);B. center(中心);C. top(顶部)——均不与 extinction 搭配。故选D。
15. C. fix 句意:……坚定的人类行动能够修复看似无望的生态破坏。fix 意为“修复、解决”,此处指修复生态破坏。A. ignore(忽视);B. cause(造成)——与文意相反;D. increase(增加)——与保护主题矛盾。故选C。
Unit 3
1---5 BABAC 6---10 DBDCD 11---15 CACAD
文本分析
主题与体裁:社会现象类议论文,探讨智能手机普及对青少年的双重影响。
文章结构:
第一段:引出话题——智能手机改变青少年社交,带来机遇与心理风险并存。
第二段:负面论证——Jean Twenge 的研究显示,2012年智能手机普及后青少年心理健康指标下降;睡眠缺失加剧问题。
第三段:辩证转折——互联网也是教育资源和社交 lifeline,对边缘化群体尤为重要;关键在于使用模式而非单纯时长。
第四段:对策建议——禁止无效,应建立无科技区域、树立榜样、促进开放对话;数字世界需要智慧、平衡和批判性参与。
第五段:总结——只有通过平衡方法才能最大化收益、最小化伤害。
详解:
1. B. unheard-of 句意:智能手机的普及极大地改变了青少年的社交互动,在创造前所未有的机遇的同时,也带来了重大的心理风险。unheard-of 意为“前所未有的、闻所未闻的”,强调智能手机带来的机遇是全新的。与 “significant psychological risks”形成对比,突出双重性。A. limited(有限的)——与 greatly transformed 矛盾;C. traditional(传统的)——智能手机带来的是非传统机遇;D. imaginary(想象的)——机遇是真实存在的。故选B。
2. A. extreme句意:近期长期研究表明,在社交媒体平台上花费极端/过量时间的青少年,与适度使用者相比,报告了更高的焦虑和抑郁率。extreme amounts of time 指“过量、极端的时间”,与后文 moderate users(适度使用者)形成对比。B. limited(有限的)——与 moderate 不构成对比;C. legal(合法的);D. equal(相等的)——不合逻辑。故选A。
3. B. debated句意:尽管因果关系在研究者中仍有争议。though 表让步,前文说研究发现相关,但因果关系仍被争论。debated 意为“争论的、有争议的”。A. agreed(一致的)——与 though 矛盾;C. forgotten(被遗忘的);D. solved(已解决的)——科学界对因果关系通常持续争论。故选B。
4. A. alarming句意:Jean Twenge 对 “iGen”(1995-2012年出生者)的研究呈现了令人担忧的相关性。后文说心理健康指标 “declining sharply”,说明是负面的、令人担忧的发现。alarming 意为“令人担忧的”。B. comforting(令人安慰的)——与 declining sharply 矛盾;C. simple(简单的)——研究呈现的相关性并非简单;D. unimportant(不重要的)——与文章主题矛盾。故选A。
5. C. widespread句意:随着智能手机在2012年左右变得普及……。widespread 意为“广泛的、普及的”,描述智能手机拥有率的变化趋势。A. expensive(昂贵的)——普及意味着不再昂贵;B. difficult(困难的);D. unnecessary(不必要的)——与后文心理健康下降的时间点吻合,说明是普及导致。故选C。
6. D. lack句意:睡眠缺乏,部分由于夜间使用设备,加剧了这些心理健康挑战。sleep lack 指“睡眠不足”,是常见表达。后文解释蓝光减少褪黑素,干扰睡眠周期,进一步说明是睡眠问题。A. study(学习);B. extension(延长);C. quality(质量)——sleep quality 虽可说,但后文强调的是睡眠不足(disrupting sleep cycles),而非质量。故选D。
7. B. essential 句意:屏幕发出的蓝光减少褪黑素产生,干扰了对大脑恢复至关重要的睡眠周期。essential for 意为“对……至关重要的”。睡眠周期对大脑恢复是必需的。A. harmful(有害的)——睡眠周期本身不是有害的;C. unknown(未知的);D. impossible(不可能的)——不合逻辑。故选B。
8. D. Conversely句意:相反,互联网作为有价值的教育资源和社交生命线,为孤立的青少年服务。前文讲负面影响,此处转折讲积极作用。Conversely 意为“相反地”,表对比转折。A. Finally(最终);B. Similarly(相似地);C. Therefore(因此)——均不符合转折逻辑。故选D。
9. C. isolated句意:……为孤立的青少年服务。后文举例 “LGBTQ+ teenagers in unsupportive environments”和 “Students in remote areas”,都是孤立、边缘化的群体。isolated 意为“孤立的、与世隔绝的”。A. wealthy(富有的);B. popular(受欢迎的);D. successful(成功的)——均不需要“社交生命线”。故选C。
10. D. duration句意:关键差异似乎是使用模式,而非仅仅是时长——主动创造 vs 被动消费,有意义互动 vs 肤浅滑动。duration 意为“持续时间”,与 usage patterns(使用模式)对比,强调不是用多久,而是怎么用。A. cost(成本);B. purpose(目的)——与 patterns 有重叠;C. speed(速度)——不合语境。故选D。
11. C. handle 句意:家长和教育者必须深思熟虑地应对这一复杂局面。handle 意为“处理、应对”,与 landscape(局面、领域)搭配。A. avoid(避免);B. ignore(忽视);D. destroy(摧毁)——均与 thoughtfully 和后文建议矛盾。故选C。
12. A. regulate句意:全面禁令往往失败,将成年人寻求监管的行为推向地下。regulate 意为“监管、规范”,与 ban 对应,说明禁令无法达到监管目的,反而使行为隐蔽化。B. encourage(鼓励);C. praise(表扬);D. ignore(忽视)——均与 adults 对青少年行为的态度不符。故选A。
13. C. dialogue句意:相反,建立无科技区域、树立健康榜样、促进关于在线经历的开放对话被证明更有效。open dialogue 意为“开放对话”,与 foster(培养)搭配,是积极的教育方式。A. competition(竞争);B. silence(沉默);D. isolation(孤立)——均与 open 和 effective 矛盾。故选C。
14. A. engagement句意:数字世界既非乌托邦也非反乌托邦,而是一个强大工具,需要其最年轻使用者具备智慧、平衡和批判性参与。critical engagement 意为“批判性参与”,强调积极、有思考的参与,而非被动接受。B. refusal(拒绝);C. fear(恐惧);D. production(生产)——与 requiring wisdom, balance 的积极态度不完全契合。故选A。
15. D. balanced句意:只有通过这种平衡的方法,我们才能最大化收益同时最小化伤害。
balanced 与前文 “wisdom, balance”呼应,总结全文辩证立场。A. quick(快速的);B. extreme(极端的);C. traditional(传统的)——均与文章主张的辩证、平衡态度矛盾。故选D。
Unit 4
1---5 CABBC 6---10 ADCCA 11-15 DDABB
文本分析
主题与体裁:文化保护类说明文/议论文,讲述京都如何在现代化进程中保持古今对话,以及面临的当代挑战。
文章结构:
第一段:对比引入——京都不同于牺牲遗产求现代化的城市,保持古今对话;拥有约2000座寺庙神社,传统与现代交融。
第二段:历史背景——二战时美国学者官员成功游说将京都从原子弹目标名单中移除,保护了这座城市。
第三段:活态传承——传统不止于静态古迹,还包括季节性仪式(赏樱、祇园祭、秋叶点灯),这些是真正的本地身份表达。
第四段:当代挑战——过度旅游威胁 delicate balance,基础设施承压,年轻人外流,老龄化社区难以维持传统工艺;需要在参观与保护间平衡,避免成为化石化的博物馆展品。
第五段:总结——只有通过精心呵护,京都才能继续作为连接时代的桥梁。
详解:
1. C. sacrificed句意:与许多为现代化而牺牲建筑遗产的历史城市不同,京都保持着过去与现在之间非凡的对话。sacrifice A for B 为固定搭配,意为“为B牺牲A”。此处指许多城市为了现代化而牺牲遗产,京都则相反。A. protected(保护)——与 “for modernization”矛盾;B. expanded(扩展);D. displayed(展示)——不合逻辑。故选C。
2. A. preserves句意:作为日本千年帝都,这座拥有150万居民的城市保存着约2000座寺庙和神社……。preserve 意为“保存、保留”,与文章主题“保护遗产”一致。B. destroys(摧毁);C. ignores(忽视);D. forgets(遗忘)——均与文章赞扬京都保护遗产的立场矛盾。故选A。
3. B. blend into 句意:……创造了一种古代传统融入当代生活的城市景观。blend into 意为“融入、融合”,体现京都古今交融的特色,与前文 “dialogue between past and present”呼应。A. separate from(与……分离);C. oppose(反对);D. simplify(简化)——均与 “dialogue”和“交融”主题矛盾。故选B。
4. B. fortunate句意:京都文化肌理的保护源于幸运的历史环境,而非仅靠精心规划。后文提到二战时京都因美国学者干预而免遭原子弹轰炸,这是“幸运的”历史 circumstances。
A. unfortunate(不幸的)——与后文保护成功矛盾;C. planned(计划的)——与 “rather than careful planning alone”矛盾;D. modern(现代的)——不合语境。故选B。
5. C. advocated句意:二战期间,认识到这座城市不可替代价值的美国学者和官员成功倡导/游说将其从原子弹目标名单中移除。advocate for 为固定搭配,意为“倡导、主张、游说”,常用于正式场合中为某事据理力争。A. argued(争论)——argue for 虽可搭配,但 advocate for 更正式,且强调“成功说服”;B. fought(战斗)——fought for 过于激烈,不适用于外交/学术游说;D. paid(支付)——pay for 意为“为……付费”,不合语境。故选C。
6. A. spared句意:这一备受争议但最终起到保护作用的干预,使……幸免于难,否则这些建筑将被夷为放射性废墟。spare 意为“使幸免、饶恕”,spare structures 指使建筑免于被毁。B. destroyed(摧毁);C. sold(出售);D. moved(移动)——均与 “protective”和 “otherwise have been reduced to radioactive ruins”矛盾。故选A。
7. D. beyond句意:京都的活态传统超越静态古迹,延伸到包括季节性仪式……。extend beyond 为固定搭配,意为“超越……范围”,与文章第三段 “not mere tourist...but genuine expressions”呼应,说明传统不止于建筑。A. against(反对);B. below(在……之下);C. within(在……之内)——均与 extend 搭配不当或语义不符。故选D。
8. C. structure句意:……包括构建社区生活的季节性仪式。structure 作动词,意为“构建、组织”,指仪式对社区生活的组织作用。A. destroy(摧毁);B. ignore(忽视);D. confuse(混淆)——均与 “connect modern residents to generations past”的积极作用矛盾。故选C。
9. C. attractions句意:这些实践不仅仅是旅游景点,而是本地身份的真正表达。tourist attractions 为固定搭配,意为“旅游景点”。mere 表示“仅仅”,与后文 “genuine expressions”形成对比。A. accidents(事故);B. dangers(危险);D. problems(问题)——均与 tourist 搭配不当或语义不符。故选C。
10. A. threaten 句意:然而京都面临着威胁这一微妙平衡的当代压力。threaten 意为“威胁”,后文 “overtourism”等均为负面压力。B. improve(改善);C. create(创造)——压力已存在,不是“创造”平衡;D. support(支持)——与 pressures 的负面性矛盾。故选A。
11. D. reduced 句意:过度旅游已使基础设施不堪重负,并降低了居民的生活质量。
reduce the quality of life 意为“降低生活质量”,与 overtourism 的负面影响一致。A. measured(测量);B. improved(改善);C. maintained(维持)——均与 overtourism 的负面性矛盾。故选D。
12. D. struggling句意:年轻人越来越多地迁往东京寻求经济机会,留下老龄化社区艰难维持传统工艺。struggle to do 意为“艰难地做某事”,体现老龄化社区维持传统工艺的困难。A. preparing(准备);B. eager(渴望的)——eager to 虽可搭配,但留下的是老龄化社区,不是“渴望”维持;C. refusing(拒绝)——与文章对传统工艺消失的惋惜态度不完全一致。故选D。
13. A. collection句意:……确保这一人类成就的集合/汇集保持活力,而非成为……。
collection 意为“集合、汇集”,指京都众多文化遗产的集合体。B. rejection(拒绝);C. example(例子);D. copy(复制品)——均不如 collection 准确描述京都遗产的整体性。故选A。
14. B. fossilized 句意:……而非成为化石化的博物馆展品。fossilized 意为“化石化的、僵死的”,与 active 形成强烈对比,指失去活力的静态展示。这是文化保护领域的常用隐喻。A. living(活的)——与 rather than 矛盾;C. modern(现代的);D. popular(流行的)——均不与 active 形成对比。故选B。
15. B. living句意:只有通过这样的精心呵护,京都才能继续作为连接时代的活态桥梁。
living bridge 意为“活态桥梁”,与全文 “living traditions”呼应,强调京都的活力与延续性。A. broken(断裂的);C. forgotten(被遗忘的);D. invisible(看不见的)——均与 “continue to serve”和全文积极基调矛盾。故选B。
Unit 5
1---5 BABDC 6---10 ACABD 11---15 DADCC
文本分析
主题与体裁:科普说明文,探讨音乐引发情感的神经机制、音乐训练对大脑结构的改变,以及音乐疗法的临床应用。
文章结构:
第一段:引入——音乐唤起情感的能力困扰哲学家数百年,现代神经科学揭示其生物机制;多巴胺释放与听觉模式的预测和奖励相关。
第二段:核心机制——音乐的情感力量源于对期望的精心控制;作曲家建立音调模式创造预期,随后的满足或刻意违背产生张力和释放;完全可预测的音乐则变得无聊。
第三段:神经可塑性——神经影像研究显示音乐训练改变大脑结构;专业音乐家表现出增强的半球连接、更大的听觉皮层和更高效的运动控制;早期开始训练者结构差异最显著,但晚年开始也有认知益处,延缓痴呆症状。
第四段:临床应用——研究应用迅速扩展;音乐疗法对帕金森病有效,通过节律夹带调节步态;对阿尔茨海默病患者,熟悉歌曲能唤起其他干预无法触及的记忆;音乐被重新认识为具有治疗潜能的基本人类能力。
详解:
1. B. arouse句意:音乐唤起深刻情感反应的能力困扰了哲学家数个世纪……。arouse 意为“唤起、激发”,与 emotional responses 搭配,是心理学/神经科学标准用语。A. ignore(忽视);C. control(控制);D. prevent(阻止)——均与 “puzzled philosophers”和 “emotional power”矛盾。故选B。
2. A. causing句意:……但现代神经科学终于揭示了导致这一普遍人类经验的生物机制。mechanisms causing... 意为“导致……的机制”,现在分词短语作后置定语。B. ignoring(忽视);C. destroying(破坏);D. simplifying(简化)——机制不会“忽视/破坏/简化”经验。故选A。
3. B. rewarding句意:……预测并随后奖励听觉流中的特定模式。rewarding 与 predicting 并列,对应前文 “release dopamine”——多巴胺与奖励机制相关。A. punishing(惩罚);C. forgetting(遗忘);D. hiding(隐藏)——均与多巴胺的奖励功能矛盾。故选B。
4. D. controlled句意:有趣的是,音乐的情感力量往往源于精心控制的期望。controlled expectations 意为“被控制的期望”,指作曲家有意操控听众的预期,后文 “deliberate”进一步印证。A. simplified(简化的);B. ignored(被忽视的);C. forgotten(被遗忘的)——均与 “carefully”和 “deliberate”矛盾。故选D。
5. C. anticipations句意:作曲家建立音调模式,在听众心中创造预期……。anticipations 意为“预期、预料”,与后文 “fulfillment or...of these expectations”直接呼应。A. memories(记忆);B. fears(恐惧);D. dreams(梦想)——均不如 anticipations 与 expectations 的对应关系紧密。故选C。
6. A. violation句意:……随后的满足或刻意违背这些预期产生张力和释放。violation 意为“违背、违反”,与 fulfillment(满足)形成对比,tension and release 是音乐理论核心概念。B. protection(保护);C. creation(创造);D. support(支持)——均与 fulfillment 不构成对立。故选A。
7. C. Conversely句意:相反,完全可预测的音乐变得无聊,缺乏多巴胺奖励所必需的惊喜元素。Conversely 意为“相反地”,前文说不可预测的音乐因无法形成预期而显得无意义,此处转折说完全可预测的又太无聊,形成辩证关系。A. Therefore(因此);B. Similarly(同样地);D. First(首先)——均不符合前后文的对比转折逻辑。故选C。
8. A. reveal句意:神经影像研究揭示音乐训练从根本上改变大脑结构。reveal 意为“揭示、显示”,是科研文献常用动词,与 studies 搭配。B. hide(隐藏);C. doubt(怀疑);D. question(质疑)——均与后文具体发现矛盾。故选A。
9. B. efficient句意:专业音乐家表现出增强的半球间连接、更大的听觉皮层和更高效的运动控制。efficient 意为“高效的”,与 enhanced connectivity、larger auditory cortices 并列,均为积极适应。A. difficult(困难的);C. slow(缓慢的);D. painful(痛苦的)——均与专业音乐家的积极表现矛盾。故选B。
10. D. begin句意:这些适应始于早期——在七岁前开始乐器训练的儿童表现出最显著的结构差异。begin training 意为“开始训练”,与 before age seven 和 early starters 对应。A. hate(厌恶);B. finish(完成);C. avoid(避免)——均与 “most pronounced structural differences”矛盾。故选D。
11. D. delayed句意:然而,即使晚开始者也在认知上受益;参与音乐活动的老年人比不音乐的同龄人表现出延迟的痴呆症状发作。delayed onset 意为“延迟发作”,是医学文献标准表达,指音乐活动延缓痴呆出现。A. sudden(突然的);B. immediate(立即的);C. early(早期的)——均与 benefit 矛盾。故选D。
12. A. medical句意:这项研究的医学应用正在迅速扩展。后文提到 Parkinson’s disease、Alzheimer’s、music therapy,均为医学应用。B. musical(音乐的);C. financial(金融的);D. political(政治的)——均与后文疾病治疗无关。故选A。
13. D. regulate句意:音乐疗法对帕金森病患者证明有效,通过节律夹带帮助调节步态。
regulate gait 意为“调节步态”,帕金森病患者步态紊乱,音乐疗法通过节律帮助调节。A. complicate(使复杂化);B. stop(停止);C. ignore(忽视)——均与治疗目的矛盾。故选D。
14. C. access句意:对于阿尔茨海默病患者,熟悉歌曲往往能唤起/触及对其他干预有抵抗力的记忆。access memories 意为“唤起记忆、触及记忆”,指音乐能打开其他方式无法触及的记忆通道。A. forget(遗忘);B. destroy(破坏);D. ignore(忽视)——均与 “resistant to other interventions”和音乐疗法的积极作用矛盾。故选C。
15. C. healing句意:随着我们理解的深入,音乐越来越被认识到不仅仅是娱乐,而是一种具有非凡治疗潜能的基本人类能力。healing potential 意为“治疗潜能”,总结全文医学应用部分,与 therapy、effective 呼应。A. limited(有限的);B. harmful(有害的);D. impossible(不可能的)——均与全文积极基调矛盾。故选C。
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