命题比赛：2025-2026学年黑龙江省高一英语上学期阶段测试（外研版必修一第2单元）

题号 题型 考查能力 话题 / 内容 分值 1 阅读理解（细节理解） 查找并理解文中具体信息 如何减少写作中的重复（使用同义词或词族） 2.5分 2 阅读理解（细节理解） 查找具体页码信息 写比较类作文应参考的页码（WT10） 2.5分 3 阅读理解（推理判断） 判断文本来源或出处 本文可能出自词典的写作指南 2.5分 4 阅读理解（细节理解） 理解新研究的核心发现 新研究获得强有力的统计支持 2.5分 5 阅读理解（写作手法） 识别段落展开方式 第二段的发展方式：描述问题 2.5分 6 阅读理解（细节理解） 理解研究者的态度 Verkerk对研究结果的满意之处（分析结果一致） 2.5分 7 阅读理解（推理推断） 从末两段进行合理推断 未来研究可能有更清晰的焦点 2.5分 8 阅读理解（细节理解） 理解7天试用的目的 确保合理决策 2.5分 9 阅读理解（细节理解） 找出Boukili的优势 允许家长追踪阅读进度 2.5分 10 阅读理解（综合分析） 归纳三款应用的共同点 它们都促进趣味学习 2.5分 11 阅读理解（细节理解） 理解乔姆斯基理论的核心观点 人类大脑预装有语法模块 2.5分 12 阅读理解（写作意图） 分析例证的作用 证明儿童无需先天模块也能习得语言 2.5分 13 阅读理解（作者态度） 判断作者对理论的态度 有缺陷的（Faulty） 2.5分 14 阅读理解（主旨大意） 选择最佳标题 乔姆斯基的普遍语法会被取代吗？ 2.5分 15 七选五（语篇结构） 区分概念并衔接上下文 孤独与独处的区别（Loneliness is painful...） 2.5分 16 七选五（主题句） 识别段落主题句 独处的一个隐藏好处：增强创造力 2.5分 17 七选五（细节支撑） 理解举例与观点的关系 这是许多人产生最佳想法的时刻 2.5分 18 七选五（逻辑递进） 理解段落内部逻辑 讽刺的是，珍视独处的人往往有更深的关系 2.5分 19 七选五（总结句） 识别文末鼓励性总结 独处不是惩罚 2.5分 20 书面表达（应用文） 安慰鼓励、分享方法、提出建议 给笔友Peter回信：不放弃、趣味词汇积累、日常口语练习、每周线上交流 15分 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版必修一Unit 2单元测 第一节 阅读（共14小题；每小题2.5分，满分35分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Whether you are writing a business email or a long research essay, the dictionary can be a powerful tool to assist you in becoming a better writer in English. You can use the main A-Z of the dictionary to help you: Choose your words carefully. Many words in English have similar or related meanings, but they are used in different contexts or situations. Look carefully at the example sentences provided in the entries for words you want to use. If you need academic vocabulary, look for the AW symbol. Combine words naturally and effectively. In English, certain pairs of words go together and sound natural to native speakers (for example, heavy rain) — and others do not (strong rain). Information on which words can be paired with one another can be found in the example sentences in the dictionary entries. Become more flexible. Rather than repeating the same word or phrase many times in your work, try to find other ways to express your ideas. Look for SYN symbol to find synonyms(同义词) and also study the synonym notes. Look for word families and try using words in the same family that are different parts of speech (e.g. different, adjective and differ, verb). Edit and check your work. You can use your dictionary to check any problem areas such as spelling, parts of speech, irregular forms, grammar, phrasal verbs, and prepositions. In the following sections you will find examples of essays and practical types of writing that you can use as models for your own work. You will also find advice on planning, organizing and writing each type of text. ContentsThe writing process           WT3           Reporting on data                WT25 Answering the question        WT7           Writing a report                  WT28 Writing a comparison essay     WT10          Writing a review                 WT31 Writing an argumentative essay  WT13          Discussing pictures and cartoons    WT34 Oral presentations             WT20          Writing a formal letter            WT37 Writing a summary            WT23          Writing emails                  WT40 1．What can you do to reduce repetition in your writing? A．Correct potential problems in advance. B．Use synonyms or explore word families. C．Ensure accurate and natural word pairings. D．Analyze examples of word usage in context. 2．Which page should you refer to if you need to write an essay comparing two things? A．WT7. B．WT10. C．WT23. D．WT25. 3．Where is this text probably taken from ? A．A creative writing magazine. B．A scientific report. C．A dictionary’s writing guide. D．A promotion handbook. B Despite the enormous variety of languages spoken around the world, certain grammatical patterns keep showing up. A new study finds that about one-third of long-standing “linguistic universals” (语言共性) are backed by strong statistical evidence when tested using modern evolutionary methods. An international research team led by Annemarie Verkerk and Russell D．Gray analyzed 191 proposed universals using Grambank, the largest database of grammatical features ever constructed. Their dataset covered more than 1,700 languages. In earlier research, linguists tried to avoid similarities between related or nearby languages by selecting samples from distant regions. While helpful, that approach does not completely eliminate hidden connections between languages. It can also weaken statistical results and fails to reveal how languages change over time. To address this, the researchers used Bayesian spatio-phylogenetic analyses, which account for both shared ancestry and geographic influence. This approach offers a much higher level of statistical reliability than most previous studies. “In the face of huge linguistic diversity, it is fascinating to find that languages don’t evolve at random,” says Verkerk. “I am delighted that the different types of analyses we did reached very similar results, suggesting that language change must be a central component in explaining universals.” The findings show strong support for several repeating patterns. These include word order preferences and hierarchical structures (多级结构). Importantly, these patterns have appeared repeatedly across unrelated languages in different parts of the world. This repetition suggests that there are deep limits guiding how humans organize language. Senior author Russell Gray reflected, “We discussed whether to write this up as a glass-half-empty paper — ‘look how many proposed universals don’t hold’ — or a glass-half-full paper — ‘there’s strong statistical support for about a third’. In the end, we chose to highlight the patterns that evolve repeatedly, showing that shared cognitive (认知的) and communicative pressures push languages towards a limited set of preferred grammatical solutions.” By identifying which universals truly stand up to strict testing, the study helps narrow the focus for future research. It points scientists toward the basic cognitive and communicative forces that shape human language. 4．What can we know about the new study? A．It constructed a language database. B．It revealed no grammatical patterns. C．It obtained strong statistical support. D．It analyzed 1,700 proposed universals. 5．How does the author develop the second paragraph? A．By listing figures. B．By giving an example. C．By describing problems. D．By making a comparison. 6．What satisfied Verkerk about the research results? A．Patterns in all languages. B．Random evolution rule, C．Full explanation of diversity. D．Consistent analysis results. 7．What can be implied from the last two paragraphs? A．Scientists will shape human language. B．Future research may have a clearer focus. C．Shared pressures enlarge language sets. D．Different perspectives affect research results. C Three Apps to Learn French for Kids and Teens Are you trying to get your child or your teenager to learn French? Using French Apps might be one of the best ways to introduce your kids to the French language. Every kid loves messing around with all sorts of buttons and electronic devices. Study Cat Made for kids between the ages of 6 and 8, Study Cat is an app that helps children learn French. With bright colors and big buttons, kids can practice their pronunciation, reading and grammar. In the games, French is spoken at a proper speed. There is a free 7-day trial where you can decide if your child benefits from the app. Boukili Boukili is an app for children over the age of 4. This app is entirely free and consists of various illustrated children’s books. There are also over 120 games. One of the best aspects of this app is that it allows parents to track their children’s reading progress. If you struggle to get your child to want to read books in paper format, this app may just be your solution. Mondly Kids Mondly Kids is a fairly well-known language learning app and thankfully there is a version for kids. Mondly Kids is fun, including cartoons. The lessons are 10 minutes long so your child hopefully won’t lose their concentration. The app also includes daily review sessions which help your children to memorize vocabulary a bit more easily. 8．What’s the purpose of the 7-day trial of Study Cat? A．To test the app’s functions. B．To attract children’s interest. C．To ensure a reasonable decision. D．To guarantee the learning effects. 9．What might be an edge of Boukili? A．It restricts game time. B．It sets parental controls. C．It offers kids rewards. D．It reads physical books. 10．What do the three apps have in common? A．They promote fun learning. B．They have a review mode. C．They record learning progress. D．They provide an adult version. D The idea that we have brains hardwired with a mental module for learning grammar — famously supported by Noam Chomsky of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology — has dominated linguistics (语言学) for almost half a century. Recently, though, evidence has overtaken Chomsky’s “universal grammar” theory. In Chomsky’s first version of his theory put forward in the mid-20th century, the languages people use to communicate in everyday life behaved like mathematically-based languages of the newly emerging field of computer science. A computer-like program could produce sentences real people thought were grammatical. As Chomsky was developing his computational theories, he was also proposing that they were rooted in human biology. His universal grammar was put forward as an inborn component of the human mind — and it promised to reveal the deep biological foundations of the world’s 6,000-plus human languages. So this theory held immediate appeal. Yet much research now suggests that language acquisition does not take place as Chomsky’s theory explains. Learning of a child’s first language does not rely on an inborn grammar module. Instead the new research shows that young children use various types of thinking that may not be specific to language at all — such as the ability to classify the world into categories (people or objects, for instance) and to understand the relations among things. These capabilities, coupled with a unique human ability to grasp what others intend to communicate, allow language to happen. For instance, English-speaking children understand “The cat ate the rabbit,” and through analogy they also understand “The lion tickled the goat.” They generalize from hearing one example to another. After enough examples of this kind, they might even be able to guess who did what to whom in the sentence “The gazzer mibbed the toma,” even though some of the words are literally meaningless. Chomsky has allowed us to see new things, but also blinded us to other aspects of language. In linguistics fields, many researchers are becoming ever more dissatisfied with a totally formal language approach such as universal grammar. Moreover, many modern researchers are also unhappy with armchair theoretical analyses, when there are large collections of linguistic data — many now available online — that can be analyzed to test a theory. There are exciting new discoveries to be made by investigating the details of the world’s different languages, how they are similar to and different from one another, how they change historically, and how young children acquire competence in one or more of them. Universal grammar appears to have been inching toward a death for years. It is dying so slowly because, as physicist Max Planck once noted, older scholars tend to hang on to the old ways: “Science progresses one funeral at a time.” 11．What can we learn about Chomsky’s theory from the passage? A．Categorizing ability is rooted in the human mind. B．Humans are programmed with a grammar module. C．Communication intention makes language emerge. D．Computer science contributes to language learning. 12．Why does the author mention the example in Paragraph 4? A．To highlight the right aspect of Chomsky’s theory. B．To present kids’ difficulty in learning English language. C．To prove kids learn language without an inborn module. D．To uncover the inner mechanism in language acquisition. 13．How does the author think of Chomsky’s “universal grammar” theory? A．Faulty. B．Stable. C．Worthless. D．Appealing. 14．Which would be the best title for this passage? A．Should Linguistic Data Be Used to Test a Theory? B．Can Children Acquire Language in an Easier Way? C．Will Chomsky’s Universal Grammar Be Replaced? D．Does Chomsky’s Theory Help Language Acquisition? 【原创】（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文中的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Hidden Benefits of Spending Time Alone Society often equates being alone with loneliness, but the two are not the same. （15）_____However,solitude is a choice to be alone and enjoy it. In fact, spending time alone has profound benefits for mental health, creativity, and self-awareness — benefits that are often overlooked in our hyper-connected world. （16）_____When you’re alone, your brain enters a “default mode network,” which allows for daydreaming and unstructured thinking. （17）_____For example, J.K. Rowling conceived Harry Potter while waiting alone on a train. Another benefit is improved emotional regulation. Solitude gives you space to process feelings without distraction, helping you understand and manage emotions better. A third benefit is stronger relationships. （18）____ Taking time alone lets you appreciate others more and come to interactions with greater presence. The key is to embrace solitude intentionally. Start small: 10 minutes of quiet each morning, a walk alone at lunch, or an evening without screens. （19）____It’s a gift that enriches every area of your life. A. One hidden benefit is enhanced creativity. B. Loneliness is a painful longing for connection. C. This is when many people have their best ideas. D. You’ll likely find that being alone isn’t a punishment . E. Spending too much time alone can lead to social isolation. F. Technology often makes people feel more lonely than connected. G. Ironically, people who value solitude often have deeper, more meaningful connections. 【原创】第三节 （满分15分） 假定你是高一学生李华，你的外国笔友Peter最近发来邮件，说他觉得英语词汇多、口语难提升，对继续学好英语失去信心，打算放弃深入学习。请你给他回一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1. 安慰鼓励对方，不要轻易放弃英语学习； 2. 分享两条实用英语学习方法：多积累趣味词汇、坚持日常口语练习； 3. 邀请彼此每周线上用英语交流，互相进步。 注意： 1. 词数80左右； 2. 行文连贯，句式规范，贴合单元核心词汇； 3. 不得出现真实姓名和校名。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 参考答案 1．B 2．B 3．C 【导语】文章主要讲的是字典在英语写作中的重要作用，以及如何利用字典辅助写作，同时还介绍了相关写作指导内容目录。 1．细节理解题。根据第五段“Look for SYN symbol to find synonyms (同义词) and also study the synonym notes. Look for word families and try using words in the same family that are different parts of speech (e.g. different, adjective and differ, verb).(查找“SYN”符号以找到同义词，同时也要研读同义词注释。寻找词族，并尝试使用同一词族中不同词性（例如，不同的“different”（形容词）和“differ”（动词）的单词)”可知，你可以使用同义词或者探索词族来减少文章中的重复内容。 2．细节理解题。根据Contents表格内容“Writing a comparison essay WT10 (撰写一篇对比类议论文（WT10）) ”可知，写一篇对比两样事物的文章需要参考WT10。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Whether you are writing a business email or a long research essay, the dictionary can be a powerful tool to assist you in becoming a better writer in English.(无论您是在撰写商务邮件还是长篇研究论文，词典都可成为帮助您提升英语写作水平的强大工具)”可知，这段文字可能出自一本词典的写作指南。 4．C 5．C 6．D 7．B 【导语】文章主要介绍了一项关于语言共性的新研究。 4．细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study finds that about one-third of long-standing ‘linguistic universals’ are backed by strong statistical evidence when tested using modern evolutionary methods.(一项新的研究发现，当使用现代进化方法进行测试时，大约三分之一的长期存在的“语言共性”得到了强有力的统计证据的支持。)”可知，这项新研究获得了强有力的统计支持。 5．推理判断题。根据第二段“In earlier research, linguists tried to avoid similarities between related or nearby languages by selecting samples from distant regions. While helpful, that approach does not completely eliminate hidden connections between languages. It can also weaken statistical results and fails to reveal how languages change over time. To address this, the researchers used Bayesian spatio-phylogenetic analyses, which account for both shared ancestry and geographic influence. This approach offers a much higher level of statistical reliability than most previous studies.(在早期研究中，语言学家会通过选取偏远地区的语言样本，来规避同源或邻近语言之间的相似性。这种方法虽有作用，却无法完全消除语言间隐藏的关联，还会削弱统计结果的准确性，也无法揭示语言随时间演变的规律。为解决这些问题，研究人员采用了贝叶斯时空系统发育分析法，该方法能兼顾物种共同祖先与地理因素的影响，统计可信度远高于以往大多数研究。)”可知，第二段描述了早期研究方法存在的问题，然后介绍了研究人员为解决这些问题所采用的新方法，由此可知，行文逻辑为描述问题。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段“I am delighted that the different types of analyses we did reached very similar results, suggesting that language change must be a central component in explaining universals.(我很高兴我们做的不同类型的分析得出了非常相似的结果，这表明语言变化一定是解释语言共性的核心组成部分。)”可知，一致的分析结果让Verkerk对研究结果感到满意。 7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段In the end, we chose to highlight the patterns that evolve repeatedly, showing that shared cognitive and communicative pressures push languages towards a limited set of preferred grammatical solutions.(最后，我们选择强调那些反复演变的模式，这表明共同的认知和交流压力推动语言向一组有限的、首选的语法解决方案发展。)”和最后一段“By identifying which universals truly stand up to strict testing, the study helps narrow the focus for future research. It points scientists toward the basic cognitive and communicative forces that shape human language.(通过确定哪些共性真正经得起严格的测试，这项研究有助于缩小未来研究的范围。它为科学家指明了塑造人类语言的基本认知和交流力量。)”可知，未来的研究可能会有更清晰的焦点。 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了三款适合儿童和青少年学习法语的应用程序。 8．细节理解题。根据Study Cat中“There is a free 7-day trial where you can decide if your child benefits from the app.( 有一个免费的 7 天试用期，您可以在此期间决定您的孩子是否从这款应用中受益。)”可知，Study Cat 这款应用的7天试用是为了让家长判断孩子是否适用，做出合理选择。故选C项。 9．细节理解题。根据Boukili中“One of the best aspects of this app is that it allows parents to track their children’s reading progress.( 这款应用最出色的一点是它允许家长跟踪孩子的阅读进度。)”可知，Boukili这款应用的突出特点是家长可追踪孩子阅读进度，属于家长监管功能，是其优势。故选B项。 10．细节理解题。根据Study Cat中“With bright colors and big buttons, kids can practice their pronunciation, reading and grammar. In the games, French is spoken at a proper speed.( 它色彩鲜艳，按钮大且多，孩子们可以练习发音、阅读和语法。在游戏中，法语以适当的语速进行交流。)”、Boukili中“This app is entirely free and consists of various illustrated children’s books. There are also over 120 games.( 这款应用完全免费，包含各种插图的儿童书籍。还有超过 120 个游戏。)”以及Mondly Kids中“Mondly Kids is fun, including cartoons. The lessons are 10 minutes long so your child hopefully won’t lose their concentration.( Mondly Kids版很有趣，包括卡通内容。这些课程时长为 10 分钟，这样您的孩子应该就不会分心了。)”可知，这三款应用程序的共同之处是均以趣味方式帮助孩子学法语。故选A项。 11．B 12．C 13．A 14．C 【导语】主要介绍麻省理工学院的诺姆·乔姆斯基提出的 “普遍语法” 理论在近半个世纪主导语言学，但近来有证据表明该理论存在缺陷，许多研究者对此不满，探讨该理论是否会被取代。 11．细节理解题。根据第一段“The idea that we have brains hardwired with a mental module for learning grammar — famously supported by Noam Chomsky of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(我们的大脑天生就有一个学习语法的心理模块，这一观点得到了麻省理工学院诺姆·乔姆斯基的大力支持）以及第二段“His universal grammar was put forward as an inborn component of the human mind(他的普遍语法被提出作为人类思维的一种先天组成部分)”可知，乔姆斯基的理论认为人类天生就被设置了一个语法模块。 12．推理判断题。根据第三段“Learning of a child’s first language does not rely on an inborn grammar module.(儿童学习第一语言并不依赖于先天的语法模块)”以及第四段举例说讲英语的孩子通过类比理解句子，即使有些词没有实际意义也能猜测句子意思，这是为了证明孩子学习语言并非依靠先天的语法模块。 13．推理判断题。根据第五段“Chomsky has allowed us to see new things, but also blinded us to other aspects of language. In linguistics fields, many researchers are becoming ever more dissatisfied with a totally formal language approach such as universal grammar.(乔姆斯基让我们看到了新的东西，但也让我们对语言的其他方面视而不见。在语言学领域，许多研究者对像普遍语法这样完全形式化的语言方法越来越不满)”可知，作者认为乔姆斯基的“普遍语法”理论存在缺陷。 14．主旨大意题。文章开篇介绍乔姆斯基的“普遍语法”理论曾主导语言学，接着阐述许多研究表明该理论存在问题，很多研究者对其不满，最后提到“Universal grammar appears to have been inching toward a death for years.(多年来，普遍语法似乎一直在慢慢走向消亡)”，所以“乔姆斯基的普遍语法会被取代吗？”最适合作文章标题。 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.G 19.D 【导读】本文围绕 “独处（solitude）” 展开，厘清独处与孤独的区别，阐述独处对创造力、情绪调节和人际关系的积极影响，并给出接纳独处的建议。 15：B解析：前文提出核心观点 “社会常将独处等同于孤独，但二者并不相同”，后文用 However 转折，定义 “独处是主动选择且享受的状态”。B 选项 Loneliness is a painful longing for connection 精准解释了孤独的本质，与后文对 “独处” 的定义形成鲜明对比，完美承接前文 “二者不同” 的观点，构建 “提出区别→解释孤独→定义独处” 的逻辑链。 16：A 解析：后文围绕 “独处时大脑进入默认模式网络，催生无结构思考” 展开，还以 J.K. 罗琳创作《哈利・波特》为例论证，且段落中出现 Another benefit“A third benefit” 的并列结构，表明此处需填入第一个分论点。A 选项 One hidden benefit is enhanced creativity 是典型的段首总起句，直接点明独处的第一个好处是 “提升创造力”，为后文的原理解释和举例论证铺垫，契合 “总 - 分” 的行文逻辑。 17：C 解析：前文提到 “独处时大脑进入默认模式网络，允许白日梦和无结构思考”，后文用 J.K. 罗琳的例子证明独处能激发灵感。C 选项 This is when many people have their best ideas 中，This 精准指代前文的 “大脑处于默认模式网络的状态”，同时说明这种状态的作用 —— 迸发好想法，自然衔接后文的举例论证，让逻辑更连贯。 18：G 解析：前文提出第三个好处是 “更牢固的人际关系”，后文进一步解释 “独处能让人更珍惜他人，带着更专注的状态参与社交”。G 选项 Ironically, people who value solitude often have deeper, more meaningful connections 直接呼应 “更牢固的人际关系” 的分论点，“讽刺的是” 一词突出 “独处反而促进人际关系” 的反差感，同时引出后文的具体解释，形成 “观点 + 阐释” 的逻辑闭环。 19：D 解析：前文给出接纳独处的具体建议（每天 10 分钟安静时光、独自散步等），后文总结 “独处是一份丰富生活各方面的礼物”。D 选项 You’ll likely find that being alone isn’t a punishment 承接前文的行动建议，传递出 “独处并非坏事” 的观念，与后文的 “礼物” 形成对比，升华独处的价值，完成从 “建议” 到 “价值认同” 的过渡。 Dear Peter, I’m sorry to know that you feel upset and want to give up learning English recently. Don’t lose heart. It is common to meet difficulties in language learning. Here are some useful tips for you. First, learn English words in interesting sentences and daily stories, which helps you remember them easily. Second, practice speaking English every morning and don’t be shy to communicate with others. As we all know, practice makes perfect. I hope we can chat online in English every week. We can encourage each other and make progress together. I believe you will fall in love with English again. Yours, Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $