Unit 3 Sea Exploration Reading and Thinking 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.It is an 　　　　　　(extend) of new technology into developing countries.  2.　　　　　　　 is always the case with language learning,Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice.  3.Let me give you 　　　　　　hand with those bags.  4.The drug was withdrawn 　　　　　　　　　　　sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.  5.One of the boys kept laughing,　　　　　　 really annoyed Jane.  6.We have brought down prices of medicines 　　　　　the benefit of the people.  7.The Belt and Road Initiative greatly strengthens the 　　　　　　(bond) between China and other countries.  Ⅱ.短语填空 in a league of one’s own,set sail,in hand,withdraw from,develop relations with 1.The work is 　　　　　　　　　　and will soon be completed.  2.The ship 　　　　　　　　　　and headed for Shanghai on a cold morning.  3.Bill,after a great deal of thinking,decided to 　　　　　　　　　　the competition.  4.We will continue to improve and 　　　　　　　　the developed countries.  5.While passengers love to complain about taxi drivers,the drivers of China are 　　　　　. Ⅲ.单句写作(话题写作之海洋开发) 1.在古代,人类就开始探索海洋。 In ancient times human beings 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　/　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  2.现在有现代设备可使用,我们可以在海底得到更多的矿物资源。 With 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we can get more mineral resources under the sea.  3.但是过度勘探是有害的,急需保护海洋免遭破坏。 But too much exploration is harmful and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.因此,所有国家已经在商讨如何适度开发海洋。 So all the countries have been 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5.毕竟,为后代保护海洋是非常重要的。 After all,it is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for future generations.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A People are always full of imagination about the deep and mysterious sea.However,the waters known as the sea are not all the endless seas as we think,but may be beautiful or magnificent lakes. The Aral Sea The Aral Sea is an inland lake that lies to the north of Uzbekistan and to the south of Kazakhstan.Its name literally means “the sea of islands” in the Turkic languages. Thus,its name refers to the many islands that dotted it in the past.Although the Aral Sea occupied a vast area of about 68,000 square km for a long period of time,it’s believed to be less than 10% of its original size. The Caspian Sea The Caspian Sea is also an inland lake.Often regarded as the largest lake in the world,the Caspian Sea is located between the continents of Asia and Europe.The Caspian Sea is an enclosed water body.It is called the “sea” probably because of its massive size of about 386,400 square km and its saltiness. The Salton Sea Located in California,the US,the Salton Sea is a rift lake that is saline(咸的) in nature. Several rivers,creeks,agricultural runoff,and drainage systems feed this lake.The Salton Sea encompasses an area of about 890 square km,making it the largest lake in California. The Sea of Galilee The Sea of Galilee is a freshwater lake with “sea” in its name.It occupies an area of 166 square km in Israel.It is the second-lowest lake in the world after the Dead Sea with the surface elevation(海拔) of 430.5 metres below sea level.The Jordan River is the primary source of water for the Sea of Galilee.Underground springs also feed water into the lake. 1.Which is the second largest of the four lakes? A.The Aral Sea. B.The Caspian Sea. C.The Salton Sea. D.The Sea of Galilee. 2.According to the text,which of the following is TRUE? A.The Aral Sea belongs to Türkiye. B.The location of the Salton Sea is California,the US. C.The Caspian Sea is located between the continents of Africa and Europe. D.The primary source of water for the Sea of Galilee is the underground spring. 3.Who is probably interested in this text? A.A student who majors in history. B.Someone that researches biology. C.A person who likes geography. D.A boy who loves surfing. B In habitats across the planet,animals periodically drop everything to walk,fly or swim to a new place.Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents.Others,including small songbirds,gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code.And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration. Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model,and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way.Take the Cory’s shearwater,an oceangoing seabird that migrates over the Atlantic every year.The young do not migrate with their parents,so culture cannot explain their journeys.And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual,making genetics equally unlikely. Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived,rarely producing young successfully before age nine.This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns.Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”,and until now it has been hypothetical(假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements. But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine.They found that younger birds traveled longer distances,for longer periods,and had more diverse paths than older birds.“We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration-refinement’ for migratory birds,” says Letizia Campioni,who led the study.Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not,suggesting that the young do more exploring,which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course. Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies,“exploration-refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei.“It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.” 4.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.It describes animals’ habitats. B.It talks about migration models. C.It compares different species. D.It introduces a tracking technology. 5.What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.The opening for learning and practice. B.The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters. C.The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns. D.The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements. 6.What does Letizia’s study find about the younger Cory’s shearwaters? A.They travel as much as adult birds. B.They move in a predictable manner. C.They lower the speed for exploration. D.They look for a course with their parents. 7.What can we conclude from the last paragraph? A.Man-made changes make migration easier. B.Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track. C.Course exploration contributes to birds’ adaptability. D.A combination of strategies assures migration success. C Trained goldfish demonstrated a remarkable ability to accurately estimate the distance.Spatial navigation(空间导航) in mammals,birds,and reptiles is well understood,but it was unknown whether similar structures existed in fish.This knowledge would allow us to better understand how spatial navigation systems evolved. Researchers from the University of Oxford tested whether goldfish could perform a task central to spatial mapping-distance estimation—to see if they have similar spatial navigation systems to land species.The study,led by Dr.Adelaide Sibeaux,trained nine goldfish to travel 70 cm within a narrow tank covered with a repeating pattern of vertical stripes(竖条纹) every 2 cm.When the fish reached the predetermined distance,they were prompted by an external cue to turn around and swim back to the starting point.The researchers then tested whether the fish would swim the same distance if the external cue was removed and the starting position was changed.They also tested whether goldfish would swim the same distance when the background pattern was changed. According to the researchers,the results indicate that goldfish estimate distances by visually streaming the apparent motion patterns of objects in the environment (called “optic flow”).Many land species are known to use optic flow to estimate distance,but goldfish appear to process the information differently.Land animals,including humans,ants,wolf-spiders,and honey bees,estimate distances by measuring how the angle between their eyes and surrounding objects changes as they travel.Goldfish,on the other hand,appear to use the number of contrast changes experienced on the way. “We present strong evidence that goldfish can accurately estimate distance and show that they use optic flow to do so,” says lead author Dr.Adelaide Sibeaux.“These findings support the use of goldfish as a model system for studying the evolution of the mechanisms in vertebrates(脊椎动物).” 8.What does the underlined word “prompted” in the second paragraph refer to? A.Punished. B.Reminded. C.Forgotten. D.Cheated. 9.Why was the external cue taken away from the tank? A.To make it easy for the goldfish to turn around. B.To demonstrate the goldfish’s swimming ability. C.To research into the goldfish’s sense of distance. D.To help the goldfish reach the learned distance. 10.According to the results,goldfish estimate distances by 　　　.  A.copying land animals B.processing information C.experiencing changes D.applying optic flow 11.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.Goldfish Have an Excellent Sense of Distance B.The Use of Optic Flow Among Land Animals C.A Study Is Being Carried Out on Trained Goldfish D.The Evolution of Spatial Navigation in Vertebrates Ⅴ.七选五 As long as we have been on earth,we have used the sea around us.We take things from the sea,and we should give things to it. We take fish from the sea—millions of kilograms of fish,every year—to feed billions of people.　1　 We take minerals from the sea.One way to get salt is to place sea water in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates(蒸发).　2　 Much gold and silver dissolve(溶解) in the water of the sea,too.But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation.Other gifts from the sea are pearls,sponges and seaweed.Pearls become jewelry.　3　 Seaweed becomes many kinds of foods—even candy and ice cream—as well as medicine.Believe it or not,fresh water is another gift from the sea.We cannot drink sea water.　4　 But sea water becomes fresh water when the salt and other impurities are removed.In the future,we will find ourselves depending more and more on fresh water from the sea.  The sea gives us food,fertilizer,minerals,water,and other gifts.What do we give to the sea?Garbage.　5　 Huge as it is,the sea cannot hold all the waste water that we pour into it.Dumping garbage into the sea is killing off sea life.Yet as the world population grows,we may need the sea and its gifts more than ever.  We are finally learning that if we destroy our sea,we might also destroy ourselves.Hopefully,it is not too late. A.Natural sponges become cleaning aids. B.We pollute the sea when we use it as a garbage dump. C.The area of the sea is becoming smaller and smaller. D.Along with salt,other minerals are left after evaporation. E.We even use their bones for fertilizer. F.Some of its ingredients may cause illness. G.We take a lot from the sea and give little to the sea. Ⅵ.语篇填空 The early 1400s was a glorious era in Chinese history.During this time,the Yongle Emperor wanted to develop 1.　　　　　　(harmony) relations with the overseas neighbors.So Zheng He,one of the most influential explorers,2.　　　　　　(take) charge of the task.One of the states 3.　　　　　　(mention) in the historical records was Boni (present-day Brunei),a small kingdom in Southeast Asia.There is 4.　　　　　(prove) that China established very good relations with this state a long time ago:one of its kings was buried in Nanjing during the early Ming Dynasty,and there is a 5.(fascinate) legend about the king.  In 1405,on behalf of the emperor,Zheng He sailed the oceans 6.　　　　　　 his first voyage.His fleet 7.(load) with gifts to the neighboring countries and regions.In 1407,he travelled to Boni,8. strengthened the friendly relationship between 9.　　　　　　 two countries.In the subsequent year,the king of Boni paid a friendly visit to China.He was accompanied by more than 150 people.The records show that the visitors were astonished by 10. rich and technologically advanced the Ming Dynasty was.  参考答案 Ⅰ.1.extension　2.As　3.a　4.from　5.which　6.for　7.bonds Ⅱ.1.in hand　2.set sail　3.withdraw from　4.develop relations with　5.in a league of their own Ⅲ.1.set about exploring the sea/set out to explore the sea　2.modern equipment in hand at present　3.there is an urgent need to protect the sea from being destroyed　4.negotiating about how to exploit the sea moderately　5.quite important/significant to protect the sea Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个被称为海洋的湖泊。 1.A　细节理解题。根据The Aral Sea 中的“a vast area of about 68,000...its original size”,The Caspian Sea中的“size of about 386,400 square km”、The Salton Sea中的“an area of about 890 square km”和The Sea of Galilee中的“an area of 166 square km”可知,面积第二大的是咸海(The Aral Sea)。故选A项。 2.B　细节理解题。根据The Salton Sea中的“Located in California,the US...in nature.”可知,索尔顿湖位于美国加利福尼亚州。故选B项。 3.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However,the waters known as the sea are not all the endless seas...magnificent lakes.”以及下文介绍的几个被称为海洋的湖泊可知,本文介绍的是地理方面的知识,故可推断出喜欢地理的人会对该文章感兴趣。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对Cory海鸥迁徙模式的研究。 4.B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Wildlife such as whales and geese learn...a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.”可知,本段主要讲述动物迁徙的模式。故选B项。 5.C　词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中的“Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived,rarely producing young successfully before age nine.This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns.”和“Researchers call this the ‘exploration-refinement’”可知,此处指研究人员称这种模式为“探索—精炼”,第三段中画线的 this指代的是Cory海鸥形成迁徙模式的方式。故选C项。 6.C　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults—but they do not,suggesting that the young do more exploring,which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.”可知,Letizia的研究发现小Cory海鸥为了探索,降低了它们的飞行速度。故选C项。 7.C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies,‘exploration-refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,’says Barbara Frei.”可知,路线探索有助于鸟类的适应能力。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现金鱼具有准确估计距离的能力,揭示了它们可能拥有与陆生动物相似的空间导航系统,为研究脊椎动物空间导航机制的进化提供了模型系统。 8.B　词句猜测题。根据第二段中“When the fish reached the predetermined distance,they were prompted by an external cue to turn around and swim back to the starting point...They also tested whether goldfish would swim the same distance when the background pattern was changed.”可知,金鱼会在外部信号的提醒下,到达预定距离时转身游回起点,推测画线单词意为“提醒”,与Reminded 意义相近。故选B项。 9.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers then tested whether the fish would swim the same distance...They also tested whether goldfish would swim the same distance when the background pattern was changed.”可知,移除外部提示是为了研究金鱼的距离感知能力。故选C项。 10.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“We present strong evidence that goldfish can accurately estimate distance and show that they use optic flow to do so”可知,金鱼通过应用视觉流来估计距离。故选D项。 11.A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Trained goldfish demonstrated a remarkable ability to accurately estimate the distance.”以及文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了研究人员通过实验发现金鱼具有准确估计距离的能力,揭示了它们可能拥有与陆生动物相似的空间导航系统,所以最佳标题为“金鱼具有出色的距离感”。故选A项。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了我们越来越依赖海洋的资源,但是我们却不断地污染海洋,作者希望人们减少海洋污染。 1.E　根据空前句可知,我们每年从海洋中捞取数百万千克的鱼来养活数十亿人。由此推断空处讲述海洋中的鱼对人类的好处,故选E项。第三段提到的fertilizer也是对此处的提示。 2.D　根据空前两句可知,人们从海洋中提取矿物,一种方式是通过蒸发海水获得盐,故D项承接上文关于从海水中获得盐的描述,符合题意。故选D项。 3.A　根据空前两句可知,来自海洋的其他礼物是珍珠、海绵和海藻。珍珠可以被制成珠宝,空后句说海藻可以被制成多种食物——甚至糖果和冰激凌——以及药品,故设空处应讲海绵的用途。结合选项,A项符合题意。故选A项。 4.F　根据空前句可知,人不能喝海水,而空后句表明去掉海水中的盐和其他杂质就能得到淡水。空处应该承接上文,讲喝海水的不良影响,F项符合题意。故选F项。 5.B　本段主要讲述了人们对海洋的污染。根据空前两句可知,人们给海洋带来了垃圾,污染了海洋,B项承上启下,符合题意。故选B项。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了郑和在当时外交活动中所做的贡献。 1.harmonious　考查形容词。空格处位于名词之前,修饰名词,因此需要填入形容词。harmony的形容词为harmonious,表示“和谐的”。故填harmonious。 2.took　考查时态。空格处位于主语后,描述以前发生的事情,用一般过去时。故填took。 3.mentioned　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句子中已经有谓语动词,因此空格处需要填入非谓语动词。逻辑主语与动词之间为动宾关系,因此需要填入过去分词表示被动。故填mentioned。 4.proof　考查名词。分析句子结构可知,空格处位于There be句型的be动词之后,因此需要填入名词。prove的名词为proof,表示“证据”;此处的be动词为is,因此填入单数。故填proof。 5.fascinating　考查形容词。此处位于名词之前,因此需要填入形容词修饰名词,此处修饰物,所以用-ing形式的形容词。故填fascinating。 6.on　考查介词。此处表示“第一次航行”;on voyage表示“航行,在航行中”。故填on。 7.was loaded　考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填入谓语动词。load with表示“装满”,本句中主语为舰队,所以是“舰队被装满……”;本文描述的是过去发生的事情,因此用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was loaded。 8.which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,句子中缺少主语;从句修饰的是“他访问了渤泥”这件事情,因此用which。故填which。 9.the　考查冠词。分析句子结构可知,此处位于名词前,因此需要填入冠词;此处特指中国与渤泥的关系,因此需要填入定冠词the。故填the。 10.how　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导宾语从句,空格及后面的句子为感叹句,空格处需要填入连接词;连接词后为形容词。故填how。 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $