Unit 5 语法专题训练2025-2026学年人教版八年级下册英语

Unit 5 Nature's Temper 现在完成时（表经历/影响）/ 定语从句（修饰灾害类名词）/ 情态动词may/might（表推测） 一、核心语法 —— 知识点精讲 1. 现在完成时（核心必考，贴合灾害场景） 用法：本单元重点考查“表经历”和“表过去动作对现在的影响”，用于描述曾经经历过的自然灾害、灾害带来的持续影响，是口语和书面表达的核心语法，贴合单元“自然灾害”主题。 标志词：ever（曾经）, never（从未）, already（已经，多用于肯定句）, yet（还，多用于否定句/疑问句末尾）, before（以前）, recently（最近） 结构： 肯定：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他.（主语为三单he/she/it/单数名词，用has；主语为复数/第一、二人称，用have） 否定：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词过去分词 + 其他.（三单主语用hasn’t，其余用haven’t） 疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他? （回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. / No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.） 核心灾害类词汇（过去分词重点）： 动词（过去分词变化）：meet（met）, experience（experienced）, damage（damaged）, rescue（rescued）, survive（survived）, shake（shaken） 例句（贴合单元话题）： ① I have ever experienced a small earthquake in my childhood.（肯定句：我小时候曾经经历过一次小地震。） ② The flood hasn’t caused much damage to our village yet.（否定句：洪水还没有给我们村造成太大损害。） ③ —Has she ever seen a fierce thunderstorm? —No, she hasn’t.（疑问句及回答：她曾经见过猛烈的雷暴吗？不，她没有。） 2. 定语从句（重点必考，修饰灾害及相关事物） 用法：用于修饰本单元的灾害类名词（如storm, flood, earthquake, shelter, rescue team等），补充说明名词的具体情况，让句子表达更完整、具体，是书面表达提分重点。 引导词：that/which（修饰事物，本单元重点），指代先行词（灾害、救援相关名词），在从句中可作主语或宾语。 结构： 先行词（灾害/救援类名词） + that/which + 从句（主语 + 谓语 + 其他）.（从句谓语动词单复数需与先行词一致） 常见搭配（贴合本单元词汇）： 1. a storm that/which hit our city last week（上周袭击我们城市的暴风雨） 2. a shelter that/which can protect us from floods（能保护我们免受洪水侵袭的避难所） 3. a rescue team that/which saved many people（拯救了很多人的救援队） 4. a survival skill that/which helps us escape danger（帮助我们逃离危险的生存技巧） 例句（贴合单元话题）： ① This is the flood that destroyed many houses in the village.（这就是摧毁了村里许多房屋的那场洪水。） ② We need a survival skill which can help us stay safe during earthquakes.（我们需要一项能帮助我们在地震中保持安全的生存技巧。） ③ The rescue team that arrived first saved the old man from the flooded house.（最先到达的救援队把老人从被淹没的房子里救了出来。） 3. 情态动词may/might（表推测，易错重点） 用法：用于推测自然灾害的发展趋势、可能造成的危害，或提出不确定的建议，贴合本单元“灾害应对、风险预判”场景，may比might的推测语气稍强。 结构： 肯定推测：主语 + may/might + 动词原形 + 其他.（可能会……） 否定推测：主语 + may/might + not + 动词原形 + 其他.（可能不会……） 常见搭配（贴合本单元话题）： 1. may/might cause great damage（可能会造成巨大损害） 2. may/might arrive soon（可能很快就会到达） 3. may/might not be safe（可能不安全） 4. may/might need help（可能需要帮助） 例句（贴合单元话题）： ① The storm may hit our city tonight, so we should stay indoors.（暴风雨可能今晚袭击我们的城市，所以我们应该待在室内。） ② They might not escape from the flooded area without help.（没有帮助，他们可能无法从被淹没的区域逃离。） ③ The rescue team might arrive in an hour; we need to be patient.（救援队可能一小时后到达，我们需要耐心等待。） 4. 易错点辨析（贴合本单元语法）  现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时表“经历/影响”（与现在有关），一般过去时表“过去具体动作”（与现在无关）。如：I have experienced a flood.（强调经历，现在仍有印象）/ I experienced a flood last year.（强调去年的具体动作，不强调现在）  定语从句中that/which的省略：当that/which在从句中作宾语时可省略；作主语时不可省略。如：This is the shelter (that/which) we stayed in.（作宾语，可省略）/ This is the shelter that/which can protect us.（作主语，不可省略）  may与might的区别：may语气稍强（较确定的推测），might语气较弱（较不确定的推测）；两者否定形式均为may not/might not，无mustn’t（禁止）含义。 二、核心语法 —— 专项练习题（基础 + 提高） 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. He __________ (experience) a terrible thunderstorm before, so he knows how to keep safe. 2. We __________ (not rescue) the cat from the tree yet; we need more help. 3. This is the earthquake __________ (shake) our town last month. 4. —__________ you ever __________ (see) a flood warning? —Yes, I have. 5. The storm __________ (may) last for three days; we should prepare enough food. 6. She __________ (not survive) the storm without the rescue team’s help. 7. The shelter __________ (that/which) we __________ (stay) in yesterday is very safe. 8. They __________ (already finish) the work of repairing the damaged houses. 9. The rescue team __________ (may) arrive soon; let’s wait quietly. 10. He __________ (never meet) a fierce storm before, so he feels nervous. 二、单项选择 ( ) 1. —Have you ever __________ a small earthquake? —Yes, I have. It happened last year. A. experience B. experienced C. experiencing ( ) 2. This is the rescue team __________ saved many people from the flood. A. who B. that C. whom ( ) 3. The flood __________ cause great damage to the village, so we must take action. A. may B. must C. can’t ( ) 4. —Has she finished her report about natural disasters yet? —No, she __________. A. hasn’t B. hasn’t finished C. doesn’t ( ) 5. We need a survival skill __________ can help us avoid danger during storms. A. what B. who C. which ( ) 6. He __________ never seen a thunderstorm before, so he is curious about it. A. have B. has C. is ( ) 7. The storm __________ not hit our city; the weather report says it will move to the north. A. may B. must C. should ( ) 8. This is the house __________ was damaged by the flood last week. A. what B. that C. where ( ) 9. —When __________ you __________ the flood warning? —Yesterday afternoon. A. have; seen B. did; see C. do; see ( ) 10. They __________ already prepared the emergency kit; we don’t need to worry. A. have B. has C. will 三、句型转换 1. I have experienced a fierce storm in my life.（改为否定句） I __________ __________ a fierce storm in my life. 2. This is a shelter that can protect us from floods.（改为一般疑问句） __________ this a shelter that __________ protect us from floods? 3. The storm will cause great damage to the crops.（用may改写） The storm __________ __________ great damage to the crops. 4. He has seen a flood warning before.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —__________ he __________ a flood warning before? —No, __________ __________. 5. We stayed in a shelter. The shelter was built last year.（合并为定语从句） We stayed in a shelter __________ __________ built last year. 6. She hasn’t finished her report about natural disasters yet.（改为肯定句，用already） She __________ __________ finished her report about natural disasters. 7. The rescue team saved many people from the flood.（改为定语从句，先行词为the rescue team） This is the rescue team __________ __________ many people from the flood. 8. The storm may last for two days.（改为否定句） The storm __________ __________ last for two days. 四、用 have/has/haven’t/hasn’t, 动词过去分词/原形, that/which, may/might 填空 1. My father __________ (experience) a small earthquake when he was young. He knows how to keep calm. 2. We __________ (not see) the flood warning yet; we should check the weather report. 3. This is the survival skill __________ can help us escape from danger during storms. 4. —__________ you ever __________ (rescue) someone in danger? —No, I haven’t. 5. The flood __________ (may) not come to our city, but we still need to prepare. 6. She __________ already __________ (finish) her homework about natural disasters. 7. The house __________ was damaged by the storm is being repaired now. 8. They __________ (never meet) a thunderstorm before, so they need to learn survival skills. 9. The rescue team __________ (might) arrive in 30 minutes; let’s get ready. 10. This is the flood __________ caused great damage to the village last month. 参考答案 一、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1. has experienced 2. haven’t rescued 3. that/which shook 4. Have; seen 5. may 6. might not survive 7. that/which; stayed 8. have already finished 9. may 10. has never met 二、单项选择 1.B 2.B 3.A 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.A 8.B 9.B 10.A 三、句型转换 1. haven’t experienced 2. Is; can 3. may cause 4. Has; seen; he hasn’t 5. that/which was 6. has already 7. that/which saved 8. may not 四、用 have/has/haven’t/hasn’t, 动词过去分词/原形, that/which, may/might 填空 1. experienced 2. haven’t seen 3. that/which 4. Have; rescued 5. may 6. has; finished 7. that/which 8. have never met 9. might 10. that/which 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $