Unit 4 Sharing Reading and Thinking 分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Reading and Thinking 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.　　　　　 is a pity that you should miss such a good opportunity to broaden your view.  2.I had just got to the cinema 　　　　　　　the movie started.  3.It is said that the skater can burn up 　　　　　　600 calories per hour on the ice.  4.Don’t mention 　　　　　　.You should drink some water and go to lie down.  5.The girls in his class are willing to participate 　　　　　　the dancing party.  6.The children are so busy playing that they don’t want their dinner;you’ll have to drag them 　　　　　　.  Ⅱ.短语填空 not to mention,make a difference,a chorus of,adapt to,shake hands with 1.As a marine biologist,he must 　　　　　　　　　　　　life at sea.  2.As soon as I saw the chemist,I 　　　　　　　　　　　　him.  3.The thief got arrested and 　　　　　　　　　　cheers broke out in the crowd.  4.The villager has never seen a tablet,　　　　　　　　　　　　 using it skilfully.  5.Whether his charity really 　　　　　　　　　　to the world,only time will tell.  Ⅲ.单句写作(话题写作之在敬老院做志愿工作) 1.上周日我去我们市的敬老院看望老人,我倍感荣幸。 I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in our city nursing home last Sunday.  2.我们给老人们带了一些伞,给他们遮阳挡雨。 We brought the elderly some umbrellas with the intention of 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.  3.另外,我们给他们讲与我们的校园生活有关的各种各样的故事。 Besides,we told them various stories (　　　　　　 　　　　　) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 4.尽管下午我们拖着沉重的步伐回家,但我们从心底感到高兴。 Although we 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,we felt delighted from the bottom of our hearts.  5.综上所述,这次志愿工作很有意义,我从中获益良多。 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,the voluntary work was quite meaningful,from which I benefited a lot.  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A The cost of living crisis is causing suffering for millions this winter.One in five people are worried about where their next meal will come from.Parents who live near you are burdened with anxiety about how they will afford to feed their children.Families are struggling and don’t know where to turn.Yet while people go hungry,three million tonnes of surplus(剩余的) food is being wasted every year. FareShare is a national charity working to get that food to people who are struggling—but we need your help.A gift of ￡90 could provide three meals a day to a family of four for a whole month.Plus,you may be entitled to recover 25p of tax on every ￡1 you give as gift money. Your gift will help us redistribute food to our network of 8,500 local charities and community groups across the UK.You’ll also help people to access other services and support through these groups,strengthening communities and easing loneliness through food. WILL YOU DO YOUR FARESHARE? PLEASE HELP PEOPLE GOING HUNGRY THIS WINTER How could your ￡90 help feed a family in your community? Surplus food is received from suppliers. FareShare redistributes the food to local charities helping people in need. People and families can get healthy meals at day centres,youth groups and community cafes. We’d love to keep you up to date on FareShare’s work including fundraising updates.Please get in touch by calling us on 0300 302 3677. 1.What is the primary focus of FareShare? A.Providing gifts for families. B.Redistributing surplus food. C.Organizing festival events. D.Offering tax recovery services. 2.What additional benefit will FareShare donors receive? A.They will receive a tax refund. B.They will help run the local charities. C.They will be recognized as organizers. D.They will receive free meals for themselves. 3.Where does this text probably come from? A.A travel blog. B.A news report. C.A community noticeboard. D.An entertainment magazine. B Some mothers and daughters like to go shopping or walking together or picnicking as part of their bonding experience.Others become firefighters together.That’s the route that Montgomery County mother Betsy Gekonge took with her 17-year-old daughter Mokeira.The pair recently graduated from the Montgomery County Fire Academy together and received their Firefighter certificate. The rising high school senior says she thought she’d be going to the fire academy alone.She never expected to have company.“This is quite out of my expectation because I never expected her to do it with me,” said Mokeira. “Taking classes with my mom was fun because we could study together but also joke around.We share a lot of funny stories at family events,” Mokeira told the Montgomery County Fire Chiefs Association.“Montgomery County is a great place for new volunteers because you learn a lot from knowledgeable,professional firefighters in a positive environment.It teaches you a lot.” Mokeira is one of the first individuals to gain her Firefighter certificate at age 17 since Pennsylvania’s law changed,making 17—the youngest legal age to become certified instead of 18. The pair will work as volunteer firefighters for Barren Hill Fire Company in Lafayette Hill.According to the Pennsylvania Fire and Emergency Services Institute,there were 300,000 volunteer firefighters across the state in the 1970s.That number dwindled(减少) to 38,000 in 2018. “It’s really fulfilling to volunteer and learn about fire safety that helps us and others in our daily life,” Betsy added.“I’ve built a lot of relationships in our community through volunteering.” “Our decision was primarily motivated by this,and now I have gained great satisfaction from it.It gives me a sense of purpose and I’m helping to contribute to the solution,” said Mokeira. 4.What did Betsy and Mokeira decide to do bonding with each other? A.Go shopping. B.Take a walk. C.Become firefighters. D.Have a picnic. 5.How does Mokeira feel about her mother’s choice? A.Surprised. B.Annoyed. C.Confused. D.Worried. 6.Why did Betsy and Mokeira volunteer to work for their community? A.To learn fire safety skills. B.To work as career firefighters. C.To address the shortage of employees. D.To strengthen ties with their community. 7.What does the author intend to highlight about the story? A.The importance of fire safety education. B.A serious challenge faced by firefighters. C.An inspiring example of mother-daughter job relation. D.The potential for family members to volunteer together. C The message is drummed into us from childhood:forgive people who’ve wronged you,because it’s the right thing to do.Forgiveness is a virtue,we’re told,the only way for us to truly move on and heal.But forgiving someone is not always what’s best for us.In fact,if someone has hurt you deeply and the relationship isn’t healthy,trying to “fix” things can do more harm than good. Most of us would probably agree that forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings like anger towards them.Actually it pressures us to minimize our feelings and revise our boundaries—to say “it’s OK” when for us,it isn’t.And when someone doesn’t make us feel seen or safe,forgiving them can actually weaken our self-respect.A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology called this “the doormat effect”.It found that people who forgave partners that didn’t make them feel valued had less respect for themselves,along with a weakened sense of self. If you keep on forgiving someone who’s done wrong,it can encourage that person to keep hurting you.That’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James K McNulty argues.He looked at how 72 newlywed couples expressed forgiveness towards acts of aggression(攻击性),and whether this caused any changes in the wrongdoer’s behavior.He found that when a partner was more likely to forgive those acts,the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them.This is because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways,and being offered a clean sheet can allow them to avoid making changes.Forgiving frequent and major offenses(冒犯),like verbal or physical abuse,can do more harm than good. What if,instead of looking to forgiveness like a magic medicine,we put our energies towards accepting a situation for what it is?This way,we can focus on recognizing what happened and coming to terms with it,however that looks for us and without any sense of obligation towards our offender.It’ll still be a process,sure,but it’s one centred around you and your needs. 8.What will happen if we forgive a wrongdoer according to “the doormat effect”? A.We’ll be free from negative thoughts. B.The relationship will be strengthened. C.The wrongdoer will change his behavior. D.We’ll have less self-respect and self-awareness. 9.How does the writer mainly illustrate his argument? A.By making comparisons. B.By listing examples. C.By citing research results. D.By giving definitions. 10.What can be concluded from James K McNulty’s research? A.Forgiving a wrongdoer’s behavior stops him from hurting others. B.Facing the consequences of aggression does more harm than good. C.Ignoring major offenses encourages a wrongdoer’s acts of aggression. D.Forgiving frequent aggression prevents a wrongdoer from making changes. 11.What does the writer suggest readers do? A.Forgive and forget. B.Learn to take the situation as it is. C.Center on yourself. D.Keep on good terms with offenders. Ⅴ.七选五 How are you feeling today?Often when we ask people that question,they reply “not bad”,or “could be worse”.　1　 Maybe we could live better by being healthier,less stressed,more motivated—but how?  Of course there are many treatments for improving our mental health,but sometimes there are small and simple solutions to help improve our wellbeing.It’s something the BBC TV programme Easy Ways to Live Well has been looking at.　2　 And maybe they could help us too.  Firstly,to tackle putting on weight and to cut the calories.The programme found sniffing peppermint(嗅薄荷) stops our desire for a snack.Presenter,chef and writer Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall says, “A scientific theory called ‘mutual competition’ shows that a strong smell can distract(分心) our brain from the food we’re thinking about.” If your addiction to your smartphone is getting you down,it’s suggested that turning your phone screen grey helps you reduce screen time.　3　 With recent studies showing our phones can make us 26% less productive,it seems easy to try this idea.  　4　 Well,the BBC programme found a daily swim in freezing water gets you used to the stress of doing it and therefore prepares you for other life stresses.And another way to relax is to leave your smartphone at home,bury yourself in a forest,and breathe in the fresh air.Forest bathing is the perfect medicine for the stresses of urban life.  Other life-improving ideas included things such as singing to reduce pain and moving more to get away from our sedentary(久坐的) lives.　5　  A.Fancy a swim in ice-cold water? B.But what would make us feel “perfect”? C.That’s because a black and white screen becomes less attractive to look at. D.Spending too much time looking at a screen is known to affect sleep patterns. E.But whatever action we take,any change to our lifestyle can help improve our health. F.Holidaying locally is a great way to experience the beauty of where you live in new ways. G.It gave several health suggestions which the programme’s presenters tried and confirmed. 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.It　2.when　3.to　4.it　5.in　6.away Ⅱ.1.adapt to　2.shook hands with　3.a chorus of　4.not to mention　5.makes a difference Ⅲ.1.felt privileged to visit the elderly　2.shading them from/against sunlight or rain　3.(that were)relevant to our campus life　4.dragged ourselves to return home in the afternoon　5.As is mentioned above Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文,是慈善组织FareShare招募捐助者的公告。 1.B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“Yet while people go hungry,three million tonnes of surplus food is being wasted every year.”及第三段中“Your gift will help us redistribute food to our network of 8,500 local charities and community groups across the UK.”可知,FareShare的主要宗旨是重新分配剩余粮食。故选B项。 2.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Plus,you may be entitled to recover 25p of tax on every ￡1 you give as gift money.”可知,FareShare捐助者将会收到部分退税。故选A项。 3.C　推理判断题。根据本文内容可知,本文为慈善组织FareShare招募捐助者的公告,因此,最有可能来自一个社区布告栏。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对母女参加志愿消防培训并成为消防志愿者的故事。 4.C　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Others become firefighters together.That’s the route that Montgomery County mother Betsy Gekonge took with her 17-year-old daughter Mokeira.”可知,Betsy与Mokeira这对母女为了增强彼此的联系选择一起成为消防志愿者。故选C项。 5.A　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,Mokeira之前以为自己要独自一人去参加消防培训课程,她从来没想到自己的母亲会和她一起参加。由此可推知,对于自己母亲的选择,Mokeira感到很惊讶。故选A项。 6.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知,通过参加消防志愿服务,Mokeira和社区建立了紧密的联系,这正是Mokeira与母亲Betsy当初最主要的动机。故选D项。 7.C　推理判断题。本文主要讲述了一对母女参加消防志愿服务并增进了彼此之间联系的故事。由此可推知,作者旨在强调这是一个通过为社区服务增近家庭关系的鼓舞人心的例子。故选C项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了原谅的必要性,作者认为原谅确实是一件美好的事情,但原谅他人并不总是对我们有益,有时可能弊大于利,尤其是在关系不健康的情况下,试图“修复”事情可能会带来更多的伤害,所以原谅别人有时要视情况而定。文章通过引用研究结果来支持这个观点。 8.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中“It found that people who forgave partners that didn’t make them feel valued had less respect for themselves,along with a weakened sense of self.”可知,如果我们原谅一个做错事的人,我们的自尊和自我意识也会减弱。故选D项。 9.C　推理判断题。根据第二段中“A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology called this ‘the doormat effect.’”以及第三段中“That’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James K McNulty argues.”可知,作者主要是通过引用研究成果阐述他的论点的。故选C项。 10.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“If you keep on forgiving someone who’s done wrong,it can encourage that person to keep hurting you...the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them.”可知,从James K McNulty的研究中得出的结论是,原谅频繁的攻击行为会阻止一个做错事的人做出改变,他们更可能继续犯下这些行为。故选D项。 11.B　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“What if,instead of looking to forgiveness like a magic medicine...This way,we can focus on recognizing what happened and coming to terms with it”可知,作者建议读者学会接受现状。故选B项。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些帮助改善身心健康的方法。 1.B　下文“Maybe we could live better by being healthier,less stressed,more motivated—but how?”说明通过过上更健康、压力更少、更有动力的生活,我们能生活得更好,选项B“但什么能让我们感觉‘完美’呢?”引出下文,下文回答了B项的问题,更健康、压力更少、更有动力,才能让我们感觉“完美”。故选B项。 2.G　上文“It’s something the BBC TV programme Easy Ways to Live Well has been looking at.”以及下文“And maybe they could help us too.”说明BBC电视节目提出了能帮助我们的建议,选项G“它提出了一些保健建议,节目主持人尝试并确认了这些建议”中的“It”指代上文的“the BBC TV programme”,并引出下文,下文中的“they”指代的是G项中的“several health suggestions”。故选G项。 3.C　上文“If your addiction to your smartphone is getting you down,it’s suggested that turning your phone screen grey helps you reduce screen time.”说明总看智能手机导致情绪低落,建议把手机屏幕变成灰色,能帮你少看手机,选项C“那是因为黑白屏幕看起来不那么吸引人了”承接上文,与上文构成因果关系。故选C项。 4.A　下文“Well,the BBC programme found a daily swim in freezing water gets you used to the stress of doing it and therefore prepares you for other life stresses.”说明,选项A“想在冰冷的水中游泳吗?”引出下文,下文进一步解释在冰冷的水中游泳的好处,选项A中的“a swim in ice-cold water”与下文的“a daily swim in freezing water”对应。故选A项。 5.E　上文“Other life-improving ideas included things such as singing to reduce pain and moving more to get away from our sedentary lives.”说明唱歌和运动也能改善生活,选项E“但无论我们采取什么行动,生活方式的任何改变都有助于改善我们的健康”是对上文的总结。故选E项。 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $