Unit 6 Crossing Cultures知识点总结及练习 2025-2026学年人教版八年级英语下册

Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 知识点总结 一、单元核心知识点梳理 （一）核心词汇（按类别梳理，必考点） 1. 跨文化交流相关（核心必记） cross-cultural（跨文化的）、custom（习俗；风俗）、manner（礼仪；举止）、greet（问候；打招呼）、exchange（交换；交流）、invite（邀请）、accept（接受）、refuse（拒绝）、guest（客人）、treat（对待；款待）、difference（差异；不同之处）、similar（相似的）、regard（认为；看作）、value（重视；珍视） 2. 动作与表达相关 communicate（交流；沟通）、describe（描述）、record（记录）、prepare（准备）、discuss（讨论）、guide（指导；引导）、share（分享）、avoid（避免）、realize（意识到）、praise（表扬）、present（展示；呈现） 3. 动词及短语（必考点） cross-cultural communication（跨文化交流）、greet sb. politely（礼貌地问候某人）、shake hands（握手）、nod one’s head（点头）、exchange ideas（交流想法）、invite sb. to do sth.（邀请某人做某事）、accept an invitation（接受邀请）、refuse an invitation（拒绝邀请）、treat sb. warmly（热情对待某人）、regard sb./sth. as（把……看作……）、be different from（与……不同）、be similar to（与……相似）、avoid doing sth.（避免做某事）、share...with...（和……分享……）、prepare for（为……做准备） 4. 基础副词与介词 politely（礼貌地）、warmly（热情地）、already（已经）、yet（还；尚未）、recently（最近）、by（通过……方式）、with（用；以）、of（……的）、since（自从……以来）、about（关于）、between（在……之间） （二）核心语法（重点考点） 1. 现在完成时（核心重点） • 表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，或过去的动作对现在造成的影响，常与since（自从）、for（持续……时间）、already（已经）、yet（还；尚未）、recently（最近）等词连用； 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词 + 其他（如：We have learned a lot about cross-cultural customs since we started this unit. 自从开始这个单元，我们已经了解了许多跨文化习俗。）； 否定句：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 动词过去分词 + 其他（如：She hasn’t finished her cross-cultural Project yet. 她还没有完成她的跨文化项目。）； 疑问句：Have/Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + 其他？（回答：Yes, 主语 + have/has. / No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.）（如：Have you learned how to greet foreign friends politely? Yes, I have. 你已经学会如何礼貌地问候外国朋友了吗？是的，我学会了。）； • 拓展：since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时（如：He has known the differences between Chinese and Western manners since he talked with a foreign teacher. 自从和一位外教交谈后，他就知道了中西方礼仪的差异。）。 2. 一般过去时（重点） • 表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，谓语动词用过去式，常与yesterday、last week、last Wednesday、when I was 12 years old等时间状语连用（如：Our group prepared the Project materials last Friday. 我们小组上周五准备了项目材料。）； • 注意与现在完成时的区别：一般过去时强调过去的动作本身，不强调对现在的影响；现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的状态（如：He invited a foreign student to our class last month. 他上个月邀请了一位外国学生来我们班。/ He has invited a foreign student to our class, so we can learn more about Western customs. 他已经邀请了一位外国学生来我们班，所以我们可以了解更多西方习俗。）。 3. 不定式to do表目的（核心重点） • 表示“做某事的目的”，结构为“主语 + 动词 + 其他 + to do sth.”（如：We collect cross-cultural information to finish our Project. 我们收集跨文化信息以完成我们的项目。）； • 常见搭配：invite foreign friends to share customs（邀请外国朋友分享习俗）、record cultural differences to avoid mistakes（记录文化差异以避免错误）、learn table manners to communicate politely（学习餐桌礼仪以礼貌沟通）。 4. 词性辨析（易错点） • polite（形容词，礼貌的）vs politely（副词，礼貌地）：polite修饰名词，politely修饰动词（如：It’s polite to greet others. 问候他人是礼貌的。/ She greets foreign guests politely. 她礼貌地问候外国客人。）； • invite（动词，邀请）vs invitation（名词，邀请）：invite作谓语，invitation作主语或宾语（如：He invites his foreign pen pal to his home. 他邀请他的外国笔友来家里。/ She accepted his invitation happily. 她高兴地接受了他的邀请。）； • different（形容词，不同的）vs difference（名词，差异）：different修饰名词，常与from连用；difference作主语或宾语，常与between连用（如：Chinese customs are different from Western ones. 中国习俗与西方习俗不同。/ There are many differences between Chinese and Western cultures. 中西方文化有许多差异。）。 （三）重点句型（高频考点） 1. 描述跨文化差异句型：There are some differences between...and...（……和……之间有一些差异。）（如：There are some differences between Chinese and Western greeting customs. 中西方问候习俗之间有一些差异。）。 2. 过去与现在对比句型：I used to know little about..., but now I...（我过去对……了解很少，但现在我……。）（如：I used to know little about Western table manners, but now I can describe them clearly. 我过去对西方餐桌礼仪了解很少，但现在我能清楚地描述它们。）。 3. 邀请与回应句型：—Would you like to...? —I’d love to. / I’m sorry, but I can’t.（—你愿意……吗？—我很乐意。/ 对不起，我不能。）（如：—Would you like to share your cross-cultural Project with us? —I’d love to. —你愿意和我们分享你的跨文化项目吗？—我很乐意。）。 4. 目的句型：Sb. does sth. to do sth.（某人为了做某事而做某事。）（如：We make a cross-cultural handbook to help classmates avoid cultural mistakes. 我们制作跨文化手册以帮助同学们避免文化错误。）。 5. 方式句型：Sb. does sth. by doing sth.（某人通过做某事来做另一件事。）（如：We learn about foreign customs by interviewing foreign students. 我们通过采访外国学生来了解外国习俗。）。 6. 固定句型：It’s + 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.（对某人来说，做某事是……的。）（如：It’s necessary for us to respect different cultural customs. 对我们来说，尊重不同的文化习俗是很有必要的。）。 7. 询问方式句型：—How did you...? —I...by doing sth.（—你是如何……的？—我通过做某事……。）（如：—How did you finish your cross-cultural Project? —I finished it by working with my group members. —你是如何完成你的跨文化项目的？—我通过和我的小组成员合作完成的。）。 二、考点专项练习 （一）词汇类练习 1. 根据句意及汉语提示，填写单词的正确形式 （1）It’s ________（礼貌的）to shake hands with foreign friends when you first meet them. （2）There are many ________（差异）between Chinese and Western gift-giving customs. （3）We should ________（邀请）foreign students to our class to share their cultures. （4）She ________（接受）the invitation to the cross-cultural exchange party happily. （5）It’s important to ________（尊重）different cultural customs when traveling abroad. （6）We need to ________（交流）ideas with our group members to finish the Project. （7）He ________（对待）foreign guests warmly and made them feel at home. 2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 （1）My group ________（finish）the cross-cultural handbook last weekend. （2）We ________（learn）about many foreign customs since we started this unit. （3）Our teacher often ________（guide）us to communicate politely with foreign people. （4）He ________（not accept）the invitation because he was busy with his homework. （5）We should try our best ________（avoid）cultural mistakes in cross-cultural communication. （6）How many foreign customs have you ________（learn）since you were 12 years old? （7）She can describe the cross-cultural differences ________（clear）because she studied them carefully. （8）With the help of my group members, I ________（prepare）the Project poster yesterday. （二）语法类练习 1. 单项选择 （1）—________ foreign customs have you learned since last month? —Five. They are all interesting. A. How many B. What C. When D. Where （2）She ________ to know little about cross-cultural communication, but now she knows a lot. A. use B. uses C. used D. will use （3）Our teacher ________ us to make a cross-cultural video since we started the Project. A. guide B. guides C. guided D. has guided （4）—Have you ________ the habit of respecting different cultural customs? —Yes, I have. It’s very important. A. develop B. developed C. developing D. develops （5）It’s necessary for us ________ to communicate politely with foreign guests. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned （6）—How did you learn about Western table manners? —I learned about them ________ talking with a foreign teacher. A. by B. on C. in D. with （7）He ________ the cross-cultural differences by taking notes every time he learns about them. A. record B. records C. recorded D. has recorded 2. 句型转换 （1）I used to know little about cross-cultural customs.（改为否定句） I ______ ______ ______ know little about cross-cultural customs. （2）She has finished her cross-cultural Project since last week.（改为一般疑问句） ______ she ______ her cross-cultural Project since last week? （3）There are some differences between Chinese and Western greeting customs.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ between Chinese and Western greeting customs? （4）He finished the cross-cultural report by working with his group members.（改为同义句） He finished the cross-cultural report ______ ______ ______ ______ his group members. （5）With the guidance of our teacher, we prepared the Project materials.（改为一般过去时的否定句） With the guidance of our teacher, we ______ ______ the Project materials. （6）We should learn about foreign customs to avoid cultural mistakes.（改为一般疑问句） ______ we ______ about foreign customs to avoid cultural mistakes? （7）I have learned four foreign customs since I entered Grade 8.（用he改写） He ______ ______ four foreign customs since he entered Grade 8. （三）综合运用练习 根据中文提示完成句子，每空一词。 （1）自从我们开始这个单元，我们已经了解了许多跨文化习俗。 Since we started this unit, we ______ ______ about many cross-cultural customs. （2）他通过采访外国学生了解了西方礼仪。 He learned about Western manners ______ ______ foreign students. （3）对我们来说，避免跨文化交流中的错误是很有必要的。 It’s necessary for us to ______ ______ in cross-cultural communication. （4）你过去常常向外教请教跨文化交流的问题吗？是的，我常请教。 ______ you ______ ______ ask your foreign teacher about cross-cultural communication? Yes, I did. （5）中西方文化之间有许多差异，但它们也有一些相似之处。 There are many ______ ______ Chinese and Western cultures, but they also have some similarities. 参考答案 （一）词汇类练习 1. 根据句意及汉语提示填空 （1）polite （2）differences （3）invite （4）accepted （5）respect （6）exchange （7）treated 2. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 （1）finished （2）have learned （3）guides （4）didn’t accept （5）to avoid （6）learned （7）clearly （8）prepared （二）语法类练习 1. 单项选择 （1）A （2）C （3）D （4）B （5）C （6）A （7）B 2. 句型转换 （1）did not use to （2）Has; finished （3）What are （4）with the help of （5）didn’t prepare （6）Should; learn （7）has learned （三）综合运用练习 （1）have learned （2）by interviewing （3）avoid mistakes （4）Did; use to （5）differences between 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $