Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 重难点讲练 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 模块一 重点短语 natural disasters (自然灾害) hit/rock/happen/take place (发生) cause a disaster (引发灾难) be caught in a storm (遭遇暴风雨) put out wildfires (扑灭野火) at 8 p.m. yesterday (昨天晚上8点) this time last week (上周这个时候) during the summer holiday (在暑假期间) prepare for (为...做准备) make preparations (做准备) store emergency supplies (储存应急物资) pay attention to the weather reports (关注天气预报) stay inside (待在室内) cover windows (遮盖窗户) warn a neighbour (提醒邻居) bring to safety (带到安全处) as a result (结果) mean the difference between life and death (关乎生死) thanks to (多亏) all of a sudden 突然；猛地 break out （灾害、疾病等）爆发 catch off guard 使措手不及；毫无防备 in total darkness 完全处于黑暗中 模块二 单词短语讲练 1 .During an earthquake, we should hide under a table.地震时，我们应该躲在桌子下。 earthquake n. 地震 是由“earth”(地)和“quake”(震动)构成的合成词 类似结构的合成词还有： (1)raindrop(雨滴)=rain(雨)+drop(滴) (2)waterfall(瀑布)=water(水)+fall(落下) (3)firework(烟花)=fire(火)+work(作品) (4)sunrise(日出)=sun(太阳)+rise(升起) (5)rainbow(彩虹)=rain(雨)+bow(弓) 【例题】1.A strong ______ shook the building for about a minute. A. typhoon B. earthquake C. flood D. drought 2.Did _____ earthquake happen in Japan? —Yes. _____ earthquake was very terrible. Many people died in it. A. a; An B. an; An C. a; The D. an; The； 3.For example, there are ______ earthquakes in Britain. A. few B. little C. some D. any 2 .The heavy rain caused a serious flood in the village.这场大雨在村子里引发了一场严重的洪水。 flood n. 水灾；洪水v. 泛滥；淹没(教材P42) flood 的一词多义： (1) n. 水灾；洪水。常见用法：in flood 在涨水；在泛滥 a flood of 大量的；一大批 He received a flood of letters of congratulation.他收到了大量的贺信。 (2) v. 泛滥；淹没。常见搭配：flood in 大量涌入；蜂拥而至 be flooded with 大量涌入；充满 Our company is flooded with job applications these days.最近我们公司收到了大量的求职申请。 【例题】请选出flood在句中的含义：①洪水，水灾 ②大批，大量 ③淹没，（使）灌满水 ④大量涌入，蜂拥而出 1. If the pipe bursts, it could flood the whole house. （ ） 2. Large numbers of immigrants flooded into the area. （ ） 3. The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country. （ ） 4. He received a flood of grateful calls and e - mails. （ ） 3.She warned me of the danger ahead. 她告诫我前面有危险 warn v. 警告；提醒注意(教材P42) warning n. 警告；警示 warn 既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词。常见用法： (1)warn (sb.) of/about sth. 提醒(某人)注意/ 当心某事 (2)warn sb.(not)to do sth. 提醒/ 告诫某人(不要)做某事 · The policeman warned him not to drive too fast.那位警察警告他不要开快车。 (3) warn (sb.) against (doing) sth. 提醒(某人)不要(做)…… 【例题】1.Every summer, our teachers warn us ___ in the river because it is dangerous. A. swim B. to swim C. not swim D. not to swim 2.下列哪个句子中“warn”的用法是正确的? A. The teacher warned the students about the coming exam. B. She warned him of not to be late. C. Parents warned their children against to play on the road. D. The government warned citizens for the dangers of the storm. 4 .The heat wave made the temperature soar to a record high.热浪使气温飙升至历史新高。 wave n. 波浪；波；挥手v. 挥手；挥舞(教材P43) wave 的一词多义： (1) n. 波浪；波；挥手。常见用法：heat wave 热浪；sound wave 声波； give sb. a wave 向某人挥手。 (2) v. 挥手；挥舞。常见搭配：wave to sb. 向某人挥手； wave one’s hand/arm 挥动某人的手/ 胳膊； wave sb.goodbye 向某人挥手告别； wave a/the flag 挥舞旗帜。 · People waved flags to celebrate the victory of their team. 人们挥舞着旗帜庆祝他们队伍的胜利。 【例题】1.She ______ to her friend when she saw him. A. waved B. warned C. flooded D. shook 2.She waves goodbye ______ her mother. A. for B. to C. by； D.of 5. As a reporter, he often interviews all kinds of people.作为记者，他经常采访各种各样的人。 interview n. 采访；面试；v. 采访；对 (某人)进行面试(教材P43) 常见用法：(1)interview sb. 采访/ 面试某人 He came over well in the interview.他在面试中给人留下了很好的印象。 (2)interview sb. about sth. 就某事采访某人 (3)have an interview with sb. 采访/ 面试某人；与某人会谈 相关词形： (1)interviewer n. 主持面试者；采访者 (2)interviewee n. 参加面试者；被采访者 【例题】1.She has a job ______ tomorrow. A. warning B. interview C. report D. trouble 2.-Where did you go, Tom ? -I ______ to an interview. A.had B. went C. am going D. was going 3. I had ___ with a young man. A. a interview B. an interview C. interview D. interviews 6 .I possibly forgot to bring my homework. 我可能忘记带作业了。 possibly adv. 可能；或许；在句中位于实义动词前，be 动词、助动词、情态动词后。 相关词形：possible adj.可能的。 常见用法：as...as possible尽可能……；if possible 如果可能的话。 · Let’s go to the beach tomorrow if possible.如果可能的话，我们明天去海滩吧 辨析：probably指“多半”,其可能性超过一半; perhaps和maybe指“或许”,其可能性大致为一半; possibly仅指“也许”“有可能”,其可能性低于一半。 【例题】1.He ______ knows the answer, but I’m not sure. A. possibly B. probably C. certainly D. impossibly 2.Look , dark clouds are gathering. It is ________to rain. A．possibly B．probably C．likely D．Perhaps 3.Could you ______ take over the post? A. possibly B. probably C. likely D. perhaps 7 .The TV station reported the news last night.昨天晚上电视台报道了这条消息。 report n.&v. 汇报；报道(教材P43) reporter n. 记者；通讯员 report 的一词多义： (1) v. 报告；报道。 常见用法：report (sb./sth.) doing sth. 报告(某人/ 某物)做过某事 it is reported that... 据报道……。 · It was reported that he moved to Hong Kong with his family.据报道他和家人搬到香港去了 (2) [C]n. 报告；报道；成绩报告单。 常见用法：give/make a report on... 作有关……的报告； a weather report 天气预报。 · Our teacher asked us to give a report on wild animals next week. 老师让我们下周作有关野生动物的报告。 【例题】1.The student will ______ on his trip to the class. A. warn B. interview C. report D. wave 2.用所给词“report”的适当形式填空： ①A ______ visits our class to learn about our daily routines. ②She writes a ______ and shares it in the newspaper.； ③The ______ (report) interviewed the hero who saved the schoolgirl. 8· I nearly finished this project. 我差不多完成了这个项目。 nearly adv. 几乎；差不多；将近(教材P43) 辨析：nearly 与almost 相同点 不同点 nearly 均表示“几 乎；差不 多”，强调接近某一程度或数量，在肯定句中可以互换。 (1)可直接接具体数字；(2)不与no/none/nothing/never 等否定词连用； (3)可用于“not nearly”表示“远非; 差得多”。 almost (1)一般不接具体数字，需用“almost all/every+ 名词”或“almost+ 抽象量”； (2)可与 no/none/nothing/never 等否定词连用；(3)可接完成时强调“差点发生”； (4)可修饰“any+ 名词”。 · The game is nearly/almost over. 比赛快结束了。 · The task is not nearly done. 任务远未完成。 【例题】1.I’ve ______ finished my homework. A.near B. nearly C. nearby D. nearest 2. It`s not ______ as cold as last year. A. nearly B. almost C. nearby D. nearest 3.______ no one had heard of the Islands except for divers. A. nearly B. almost C. nearby D. nearest 9. She has trouble (in) understanding the math problem.她理解这道数学题有困难。 trouble n. 苦恼；困难v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦(教材P43) trouble 的一词多义： (1)n. 麻烦；困难；苦恼；毛病，疾病 · My mum always takes the trouble to cook delicious meals for our family. 我妈妈总是不辞辛劳地为我们全家做美味的饭菜。 (2) vt. 使烦恼；麻烦；打扰。常见用法：trouble sb. (to do sth.) 麻烦某人(做某事)；trouble sb. with sth. 用某事麻烦某人。 作名词时的常见用法： (1)have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难 (2) have trouble with sth./sb. 做某事有困难/ 与某人有矛盾 (3)get sb. in/into trouble 使某人陷入麻烦/ 困境 (4) take the trouble to do sth. 不辞辛劳地做某事；费力做某事 (5)be in trouble 处于困境中；有麻烦 辨析：trouble 与problem trouble 指“麻烦；困难；烦恼”，强调因困境产生的困扰或不便，常与“have/get into”搭配。 problem 指“问题；难题”，强调需要解决的具体事情或疑问，常与“solve/work out”搭配。 【例题】1.Did you have any ______ finding the post office A. trouble B. interview C. report D. preparation 2.辨析 matter、 trouble、 problem ①.Pay no attention to those who laugh at you. What ________ (matter) most is how you see yourself. ②.Many students have trouble ____________ (communicate) with their parents. ③.If you have any ________ (问题) with your study at school, you can ask teachers and classmates for help. ④. Do you have problems in ____ (learn) English? 10 .I hardly know my distant relatives. 我几乎不认识我的远亲。 relative 的一词多义： (1) [C]n. 亲戚；亲属。常见用法：a close relative 近亲；distant relatives 远亲 (2) adj. 相关的；相对的；比较的。常见用法：relative to... 相对于……；与……相比 · This city is small relative to Beijing in size.这座城市在规模上比北京小。 【例题】1.We are going to visit our ______ in the countryside. A. neighbourhoods B. troubles C. relatives D. roofs 2.Do you know your new teacher is one of my ______. He is my uncle. A. relatives B. friends C. classmates D. members 11. Preparation is important before taking a trip.旅行前的准备很重要。 preparation n. 准备(工作)；预备。由prepare(v.准备)去e，加 -ation(名词后缀)构成。指具体的“准备工作或事项”时常用复数。 常见用法： (1)make preparations for... 为……做准备 They are making preparations for the winter camp.他们在为冬令营做准备。 (2)in preparation 在准备中 (3)preparation for sth. 某事的准备 (4)without preparation 毫无准备地 相关词形： (1)prepare v.(作)准备。常见用法：prepare (sb./sth.) for sb./sth. 为某人/ 某事准备(某人/ 某物)；prepare to do sth. 准备做某事 Mum prepared dinner for the family before we got home.妈妈在我们回家前为家人准备了晚餐。 (2)prepared adj. 准备好的 【例题】1.They are busy with the ______ for the big party. A.troubles B. preparations C. reports D. supplies 2.We need to ______ for the coming exam. A. make preparations B. do chores C. take back D. pass away 12 .The city lost power after the storm. 暴风雨后城市停电了 power 的一词多义： (1)电力；能量(常指电能、动力) (2)力量；能力(可指人或物的能力) She has the power to solve the problem. 她有能力解决这个问题。 (3)权力；权势(指人或机构的控制权) 常见用法： (1)electric power 电力 (2)power station 发电站 (3)have the power to do sth. 有能力做某事 (4)out of one’s power 力所不能及 (5)in power 执政；掌权 The new party has been in power for two years. 新政党已执政两年。 【例题】1.The storm caused a ______ cut in the whole town. A. water B. food C. power D. gas 2.Some people are ______ power, wealth or fame, but all I want is only health and happiness. A. good at B. known for C. thirsty for D. strict in 13 We walked through a thick forest. 我们步行穿过一片茂密的森林。 thick 的一词多义： (1)厚的；粗的。 · This book is very thick. 这本书很厚。 (2)浓的；稠的(指液体或气体浓度高)。 · The soup is too thick. 汤太稠了。 (3)茂密的；密集的(指物体分布紧密)。 (4)反义词为thin adj. 薄的；细的；稀的。 相关词形：(1)thickly adv. 浓密地；厚厚地 (2)thickness n. 厚度 【例题】1.He wore a ______ coat because it was very cold. A. thick B. thin C. sound D. low 2.______ thin, he never eats meat. A. Because　 B. Being　 C. Though D. Through 3.John ______ thin. He ______ short hair. A. is; has　 B. is; have　 C. has; is D. has; with 14. The rainstorm beat against the windows hard.暴风雨猛烈地敲打着窗户。 beat 敲；打 v. (beat, beaten) 作动词，主要有以下几种意思： (1) 指雨、风沙等敲打门、窗户等，或者用手敲打身体的某个部位； (2)指心脏等有规律地作响或跳动； His heart beat fast when he saw the new teacher.他看到新老师的时候他的心跳加速。 (3)指在比赛中打败某人取得胜利。 · Class 1 beat Class 2 in the soccer game.足球比赛中一班打败了二班。 【常见搭配】 beat against（拍打） beat sb at sth（在某方面击败某人） heart beat（心跳） 辨析：beat 与win beat 为“打败”，其宾语通常是人、团队或对手等具体名词。 win 意为“赢得”，其宾语通常是比赛、奖品、名次等抽象名词。 【例题】1、The rain was ______ against the windows. A. beating B. hitting C. striking D. flooding 2. We finally______the team from another school in the basketball A.won B. beated C.win D. beat 3. Our class______ the singing competition last week. A. won B. beat C.wins D.beats 15、We play hide-and-seek in the park. 我们在公园里玩捉迷藏。 hide v. (hid， hidden)躲藏，隐蔽(教材P45) hidden adj 隐藏的 hide 既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，意为“躲避，藏；遮挡；隐瞒”。 常见用法： (1)hide away 隐藏起来 (2)hide behind 躲在……后面 (3)hide from 躲避…… (4)hide in 藏在……里 (5)hide-and-seek 捉迷藏 (6)hide one’s face 捂脸；因羞愧或尴尬而躲避，不愿意见人 · She hides her face when she cries. 她哭的时候捂住了脸。 (7)hide something from someone 对某人隐瞒某事 I shouldn’t hide my bad grades from my parents.我不应该向父母隐瞒我的糟糕成绩【例题】1、We must______ medicine from children. They may take it by mistake. A. hide B. cheat C. lead D. get 2、They sailed the sea to look for______ treasure. A. hide B. hid C. hidden D. hiding 16.“I slept soundly. It rained cats and dogs.”我睡得很香，外面下着瓢泼大雨 soundly（睡觉）酣畅地；可靠地；完全彻底地 adv. 副词，常与 sleep 搭配，是描述睡眠质量的高频词。 【常见搭配】 sleep soundly beat sb soundly 【例题】 1.The baby slept ______ through the night. A. soundly B. nearly C. possibly D. differently 2.‌It ____ very nice.‌ A. sound B. sounds C. soundly D.sounding 17.“The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together.” tornado 龙卷风；旋风 n 可数名词，复数：tornadoes。 特点：漏斗状、破坏力强、生命周期短。 【常见搭配】 a tornado hits/strikes 台风登陆 tornado warning 台风预警 【例题】1.A ______ destroyed several houses in the small town. A. drought B. tornado C. flood D. earthquake 18.However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. 然而，蒂莉拒绝向前迈出一步。 refuse v. 拒绝；推却. 同义短语为 turn down 反义词: accept ① refuse sb./sth. 拒绝某人 / 某物 ② refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 Jenny refused/turned down my help politely.珍妮 礼貌地拒绝了我的帮助。 【例题】1. We should refuse ______ things that can be used only once. A. use B. to use C. using D. to using 19.Back at the hotel, Tilly's father told a security guard about the tsunami. 回到酒店，蒂莉 的父亲告诉一名保安海啸的事。 guard n. 卫兵；保卫 v. 保卫 ① 【可数名词】警卫；看守 a security guard 保安 When I arrived, the security guard told me to enter through the south gate.当我到达时，保安告诉我从南门进去。 ② 【及物动词】 守卫；保卫 guard against sth. 防止 / 防范 / 提防某事 我们需要防范周围任何可能的危险。 We need to guard against any possible danger around us. 【例题】1.We need to guard______ any possible danger around us. A. for B. over C.with D.against 20.He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach. 他马上行 动起来，冲过去让人们离开海滩。 ① rush to do sth. 匆忙做某事 ② rush into (doing) sth. 急于做某事 不知真相别急于评判他人。 Don't rush to judge others without knowing the truth. 别急着做重大决定。 Don't rush into important decisions. 【例题】1.下列哪个短语中“rush”作为名词，并且后面接了正确的介词或短语? A. rush to do B. rush for C. in a rush D.rush at 2.Are you always in_____ rush to get to____ school on time? A.a; the B.the; / C.a; / D.the; the 21.Tilly's family went back to the hotel, except for her mother.蒂莉的家人都回到了 酒店，除了她的母亲。 except for 除...... 之外 辨析 except/except for 与 besides except/ except for"除.... 之外", 表示排除其后的人或事物，含有 "减去" 的意思。 All the boys in our class came except (for) Tom. 除了汤姆，我们班所有的男生都来了。(排除汤姆) besides"除...... 之外 (还)", 表示包含其后的人或事物，含有 "加上" 的意思。 Besides maths, I also like physics. 除了数学，我还喜欢物理。 (两门都喜欢) 【例题】1.1. He gets up early every day_____Sunday. A. besides B. except for C. except that D.except 2. We need fifteen more people_____ our team to do the job. A.besides B. except for C.except that D.except 模块三 单元语法 一、过去进行时 过去进行时主要用来表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作或存在的状态。 考点1 句式及基本结构 句型 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+ was/were + 现在分词. She was reading a book at 8 pm yesterday. 否定句 主语+ was/were + not +现在分词. They weren’t playing football when it rained. 一般疑问句 Was/Were +主语+现在分词+其他？ Were you doing homework at that time 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+ was/were +主语+现在分词+其他？ What was he drawing when the teacher came in 考点2 现在分词的变化规律 口诀 情况 变化规则 例词 直 一般情况 直接加-ing play → playing 去 以不发音字母e结尾 去e加-ing have → having 双 重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母再加-ing run → running 改 以ie结尾 改ie为y再加-ing lie → lying die→ dying 考点3 基本用法 1. 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去时间的时间状语，或者与when、while、as引导的表示过去的时间状语从句连用。有时没有时间状语，需要根据语境体会。 ·I was writing a letter when you phoned.你打来电话时我正在写信。 2. 表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。也可用来表示过去一段时间内持续发生的动作。 · I was watering the flowers when suddenly it began to rain.我正在给花浇水，突然开始下雨了。 · We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。 3. 表示两个过去的动作同时进行，这时可用 while 连接。 · George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio. 乔治在读书，他的妻子在听广播。 4. 表达褒贬等感彩：与always、constantly、forever等连用，表示说话人的主观感情，如赞扬、不满、厌烦等。 · He was forever complaining about something. 他老是怨这怨那。 考点4 时间标志词 1. 过去某一具体时刻正在进行的动作：at +过去时间点、at that moment、at the time (of ...)、just then。 · The phone rang at that moment, and I was doing my homework.那时电话响了，我正在做作业。 · At the time of the accident, they were talking in the car.事故发生时，他们正在车里交谈。 2. 过去某一时间段内持续进行的动作：from ... to ...(过去)、all + 过去时间段、the whole +过去时间段、during + 过去时间段。 · They were planting trees from 8 am to 11 am last Saturday.上周六上午8 点到11 点他们在植树。 · She was sleeping all morning last Sunday.上周日整个上午，她都在睡觉。 记忆口诀 过去进行时 过去进行最好记，was/were 后加v.-ing； 特定时间有暗示，过去某刻某时段； 肯定主语位句首，一般问句be 提前； 否定句式更简单，be 后仅把not 添。 考点5 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 过去进行时 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。可表示动作的未完成性。 e.g. They were planting trees yesterday. 昨天他们一直在植树。(强调昨天一天一直在植树，动作不一定结束) 一般 过去时 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。强调动作已经结束。 e.g. They planted trees yesterday. 昨天他们植树了。(强调昨天植了树，动作结束) 拓展：when 和while 的用法 用法 例句 when 表示主句动作发生的特定时间，既可指时间点，也可指时间段。从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词。 when 从句的动作和主句的动作既可同时发生，也可先后发生。 When he arrived at the cinema, the film was over. 当他到达电影院的时候，电影结束了。 当主句为将来时或表示将来的意义时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来，即遵循“主将从现”原则。 I will be a teacher when I grow up.当我长大，我将会成为一名教师。 while 指时间段，其引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 While I was waiting for the bus, I met my friend. 当我正在等公交车时，我遇到了我的朋友。 强调主句动作发生时，从句动作正在进行，此时从句用进行时。 It began to snow while we were having dinner.当我们在吃晚饭时，天开始下雪。 强调主从句动作同时进行时，主从句通常都用进行时。 While my mother was cooking dinner, my father was sweeping the floor.当我妈妈在做晚饭时，我爸爸在扫地。 二 单项选择 1. —Hi, Ethan. I called you at 8:00 last night, but you didn’t answer. —Sorry, I ______ the dishes. A. wash B. washed C. am washing D. was washing 2. —Helen, I didn’t see you in the classroom at five yesterday afternoon. —Oh, I ______ singing for the graduation ceremony at that time. A. will practice B. have practiced C. am practicing D. was practicing 3. When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he ______ an old man cross the road. A. helps B. was helping C. will help D.helped 4. While we ______ an English song, some visitors came into our classroom. A. were singing B. sang C. are singing D. singing 5. Hey, John! What’s up I ______ a shower when you called. A. had taken B. have taken C. was taking D. am taking 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $