Unit 5 单元讲义及练习 2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语U5 Good manners单元复习讲义通过知识框架图系统梳理核心词汇、短语及句型，运用对比表格呈现易混词（如aloud/loud/loudly）和语法结构（如too…to与enough to的转换）的辨析，将重难点（如too…to灵活运用、话题写作思路构建）融入知识脉络，形成“词汇-语法-写作”的递进联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与写作方法指导，如用所给词适当形式填空（如“I am too busy ______（watch）the film”）巩固语法，写作指导提供“餐桌礼仪”话题的“引言-主体-结论”框架及实用句型，培养语言能力与思维品质。分层练习帮助不同学生巩固提升，教师可借掌握情况记录表实施精准教学，支持学生自主复习。

课 题 U5 Good manners重点单词、短语、句型及语法与写作指导 教学目标 1. 掌握U5重点单词、短语。 2. 理解重点句型及语法用法。 3. 学会话题写作思路与表达 。 重难点透视 1. 重点句型和语法的灵活运用，如too...to...、enough的用法。 2. 运用所学知识进行话题写作，构建合理思路并准确表达。 知识点剖析 序号 知识点 预估时间 掌握情况 1 讲解U5重点单词和短语 60 min 2 剖析U5重点句型和语法，进行话题写作指导与练习 。 60 min 教 学 内 容 ( 8 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 重点单词 1. 2. manners n. [pl.] 礼仪，礼貌 3. litter n. 垃圾 4. tap n. 水龙头 5. congratulations n. [pl.] 祝贺 6. address vt. 称呼 (某人) 7. realize vt. & vi. (= realise) 意识到 8. praise n. & vt. 称赞，赞美 9. reply vt. & vi. 回答，答复 10. host n. 主人 11. plate n. 盘子，碟子 12. refuse vi. & vt. 拒绝，回绝 13. patiently adv. 耐心地 → patient n. 病人 adj. 有耐心的 → impatiently（反义词） adv. 不耐烦地 → impatient adj. 不耐烦的 14. politeness n. 礼貌 → impoliteness（反义词） n. 无礼；不礼貌 → polite adj. 有礼貌的 → politely adv. 有礼貌地 → impolite adj. 不礼貌的 15. behave vi. 表现 → behavior n. 行为 16. differently adv. 不同地 → different adj. 不同的 → difference n. 差异，不同 17. pleased adj. 高兴 → please v. 使愉快 → pleasure n. 愉快；快乐；乐趣 18. openly adv. 公开地，毫不隐瞒地 → open adj. 开着的，敞开的 v. 打开 19. push vt. & vi. 挤开；推动 20. past prep. 在另一边，到另一侧 21. cheat vi. & vt. 欺骗 22. promise vt. & vi. 承诺，许诺 23. pear n. 梨 24. move vt. 使感动，打动 25. earphones n. [pl.] 耳机 26. circle n. 圆圈 27. trouble vt. 使烦恼；麻烦；折磨 28. hug n., vt. & vi. 拥抱 29. kiss n., vt. & vi. 亲吻 30. rush vt. & vi. 急促；仓促行事；vi. 冲；涌 31. unless conj. 除非 32. fully adv. 完全地，全部地，充分地 → full adj. 满的；完全的 33. loudly adv. 大声地；吵闹地 → loud adj. 响亮的；大声的；喧闹的 34. discussion n. 讨论 → discuss v. 讨论 35. own vt. 拥有 → owner n. 所有者 36. respectfully adv. 尊敬地 → respectful adj. 恭敬的；表示敬意的 → respect v. 尊重 37. peaceful adj. 安宁的，平静的 → peacefully adv. 安宁地，平静地 → peace n. 安静，平静 38. impolite adj. 失礼的，粗鲁的 → polite（反义词） adj. 有礼貌的 39. quietly adv. 安静地；平静地 → quiet adj. 安静的；平静的 40. tasty adj. 美味的，可口的 → taste v. 尝，品尝 重点短语 1. 2. drop litter 乱扔垃圾 3. leave the tap running 让水龙头一直开着 4. keep quiet in the library 在图书馆保持安静 5. follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则 6. wait in line 排队等候 7. run in the hallways 在走廊里跑 8. on time 准时 9. feel at home 舒适自在，不拘束 10. all the time 一直 11. show politeness 表示礼貌 12. go wrong with 出问题、出毛病；出故障 13. accept praise openly 坦然接受赞美 14. get used to sth. 习惯于某事 15. all at once 一起，同时 16. take one's time 慢慢来；不着急 17. get to know the local traditions 了解当地的传统 18. jump the line 插队 19. cool off 变凉；冷却下来 20. in case 以防万一 21. run into sb./sth. 撞上 22. push past 挤过 23. in one's way 挡着…… 的路 24. keep one's word 信守诺言 25. even though 尽管，即使 26. leave a tip 留下小费 27. rush one's meal 匆匆吃饭 28. leave in a hurry 匆忙离开 29. one another 互相 30. be about to do sth. 即将，正要（做某事） 31. keep quiet 保持安静 32. follow the rules 遵守规则 33. be kind to sb 对某人友好 34. for example 例如 35. show politeness and respect for sb 对某人表示礼貌和尊重 36. instead of 代替；而不是 37. too…to… 太…… 而不能…… 38. care about 关心；在乎 39. at first 起初；首先 40. travel around the world 环游世界 41. live a hard life 过着艰苦的生活 42. knock…down 把…… 撞倒 43. a man named… 一个名叫…… 的人 44. be on a journey 在旅途中 45. pay a visit to sb 拜访某人 46. wake sb up 叫醒某人 47. be similar to 与…… 相似 48. at the end of 在…… 末尾 49. each other 互相 50. make sure 确保 51. both…and… 两者都…… 52. table manners 餐桌礼仪 53. accept praise 接受赞美 54. one day 有一天；某一天 55. invite sb to dinner 邀请某人吃晚餐 56. in a different way 以一种不同的方式 57. think about 考虑 58. call sb by sb's name 叫某人的名字 59. as…as possible 尽可能…… 60. lots of 许多 61. speak loudly 大声说话 62. in the middle 在中间 63. just like 就像 64. shake hands 握手 重点句型 1. First, it's very important to show respect for your teachers. 首先，尊重你的老师是非常重要的。 2. Remember, you shouldn't run in the hallways after class. 记住，课后你不应该在走廊里跑。 3. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 入乡随俗。 4. My Chinese friends are kind enough to make me feel at home, but I've noticed some interesting differences in manners. 我的中国朋友们非常友善，让我感到不拘束，但我也注意到一些有趣的礼仪差异。 5. Trying to do too many things can be too tiring. 试图做太多事情可能会太累。 6. Stay in each place long enough to get to know the local traditions. 在每个地方待足够长的时间，以便了解当地的传统。 7. Moreover, remember it is impolite to leave the table until everyone has finished. 此外，记住，在所有人都吃完之前离开餐桌是不礼貌的。 用法集萃 1. 2. finish doing sth 做完某事 3. by doing sth 通过做某事 4. keep doing sth 一直做某事 5. love/like to do sth /love/like doing sth 喜欢做某事 6. want to do sth 想要做某事 7. need to do sth 需要做某事 8. begin to do sth 开始做某事 9. have/has to do sth 不得不做某事 10. be about to do sth 即将，正要（做某事） 11. make sb do sth 让某人做某事 12. can't wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 13. would like to do sth 想要做某事 14. tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事 15. too much + 【u】n too many + 【c】n复数 太多… 16. 形容词 + enough to do sth 足够…… 去做某事 17. have/has been in 待在（某地） 18. forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事 19. be + 形容词 + to do sth 做某事是…… 的 20. It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 做某事是…… 的。 21. There is/are… 有…… 21. aloud、loud 与 loudly 的辨析 aloud adv.意为“出声地；大声地”,强调能使人听得到，主要与 read等连用. loud adv.意为“响亮地；大声地；喧闹地”,指音量大、传播距离较远。多用于loud enough、as loud as 等短语中，或与 too、very、so 等词连用，且常用比较级 loudly adv.意为“大声地”,与表示发出声响的动词连用，含有“喧闹”或者“嘈杂”的含义 例句： Please read the story aloud. 请大声地朗读这个故事。 Speak louder, please. I can't hear you. 请说大声一点。我听不见你的话。 Don't talk so loudly. 不要如此大声说话。 22. promise 的用法归纳 · 动词（v.）用法： promise (not) to do sth. 承诺（不）做某事 promise sb. sth. = promise sth. to sb. 答应某人某事 promise + that 从句 保证…… · 名词（n.）用法： make a promise 许诺 keep/break one's promise 遵守 / 违背某人的诺言 23. too much、much too 与 too many 的辨析 too much 意为“太多”，修饰不可数名词；也可用作名词短语或副词短语 much too 意为“太，非常”，用作副词短语，修饰形容词或其他副词 too many 意为“太多”，修饰可数名词复数 例句：We have too much work. 我们有太多的工作。 The box is much too heavy for me. 这个盒子对我来说太重了。 There are too many people in the room. 房间里人太多了。 24. respectfully 的用法归纳及拓展 · respectfully adv. 恭敬地，有礼貌地 ;respectful adj. 表示敬意的；尊敬的 · respect： 动词（v.）用法： respect sb./sth. 尊重某人或某物 ;respect the law 遵守法律 名词（n.）用法：respect for sb./sth. 尊敬某人或某物 例句："You are an artist," she said respectfully. “您是一位艺术家，” 她毕恭毕敬地说。 They feel a deep and mutual respect for each other. 他们彼此深深地感受到一种相互尊重。 语法专项聚焦 1. enough, enough to, too 和 too…to 的用法 (1) enough 可以用在复数名词或不可数名词前，表示 “足够的，充足的”。 例句：There is enough food for everyone. 有足够的食物供所有人吃。 (2) be + 形容词 + enough + to do 结构可以用来描述某人的品质和能力或某物的特征，意思是 “足够…可以做某事”。 例句：The boy is old enough to go to school. 这个男孩年龄足够大了，可以去上学了。 【拓展】：enough to 结构和 so…that 结构可以转换。 例句：The young man is strong enough to carry that heavy box. = The young man is so strong that he can carry that heavy box. (3) too 可用在形容词和副词前，表示 “太，过于，过度”。 例句：This movie is too long for me. 这部电影对我来说太长了。 例句：He runs too slowly. 他跑得太慢了。 (4) be + too + 形容词 + to do 结构可以用来表达因为某事而没有完成某个动作或达到某种状态，意思是 “太…… 而不能……”。我们可以在动词不定式前加介词 for 引出逻辑主语。 例句：He was too sad to say anything when he heard the bad news. 当他听到这个坏消息时，他太伤心了，什么也说不出来。 例句：The problem is too difficult for us to work out. 这个问题对我们来说太难了，解不出来。 例句：The book is very thick. The kid can't read it all in one day. = The book is too thick for the kid to read all in one day. 例句：The maths problem is very complex. She can't solve it alone. = The maths problem is too complex for her to solve alone. 【注意】：too…to 结构和 never 一起使用时表示肯定。 例句：One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 【拓展】：同义转换 too…to 结构可与 so…that 结构进行同义转换。too…to 是简单句，so…that 是复合句。 例句：My younger brother is too young to look after himself. = My younger brother is so young that he can't look after himself. too…to 结构还可以与 enough to 结构进行同义转换，形容词要互为反义词，同时改成 not…enough to 的形式。 例句：too slow to… = not fast enough to…；too bad to… = not good enough to… 例句：She is too shy to give a speech. = She isn't outgoing enough to give a speech. 【真题链接】（南通中考） 原句：The students in our school are polite. They never push in before others. →合并句：The students in our school are too polite to push in before others. 话题写作指导（文明礼仪） Good table manners 良好的餐桌礼仪 Introduction: main topic Table manners are important in China and I am going to share some helpful advice. Main body: specific rules Firstly, when you are sitting at the table, you should not start eating until everyone is ready. Then, eat quietly and keep your mouth closed when you are eating. Also, never speak if you have food in your mouth. It is polite to talk about how tasty the food is. This will show that you are enjoying the meal. Moreover, remember it is impolite to leave the table until everyone has finished. If a friend invites you to dinner at their home, do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry. When you are about to leave, don't forget to say "thank you". Conclusion: purpose and hope We should follow these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. I hope that you find my advice useful. 【习作思路及有用表达】 1. 引言部分 · 写作思路：点明主题，即中国餐桌礼仪很重要并要分享建议。 有用的表达：“Table manners are important in China and I am going to share some helpful advice.” 2. 主体部分 · 写作思路：具体阐述规则，如就餐准备、进食要求、离席时机等。 · 有用的表达：“When you are sitting at the table, you should not start eating until everyone is ready.” ； “Eat quietly and keep your mouth closed when you are eating.” ； “If a friend invites you to dinner at their home, do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry. When you are about to leave, don't forget to say "thank you".” 3. 结论部分 · 写作思路：表明遵守这些规则能让宾主在餐桌上都舒适，希望建议有用 。 · 有用的表达：“We should follow these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table. I hope that you find my advice useful.” 练习巩固 一、用括号中所给词的适当形式填空 1. I am too busy ______（watch）the film today. I have so much work to do. 2. He didn't ______（full）realize how important this opportunity was until it was too late. 3. Let's have a ______（discuss）on where to spend the summer holiday after class. 4. My dad promised ______（take）us to the zoo if we get good grades in the exam. 5. The students laughed ______（loud）when their teacher told a funny story. 6. They nodded ______（respectful）to each other before starting the meeting. 7. The old man sat by the window，______（quiet）reading a newspaper. 8. Every morning，the man ______（rush）to the subway station after a quick breakfast. 9. My friend was about ______（leave）the office when his boss called him for a talk. 10. My grandma cooked a ______（taste）chicken soup for dinner，and we all finished it. 二、从括号中选择恰当的单词或短语并用其正确形式填空，其中有一个单词或短语是多余的。 （jump run into in case past keep one's word pear） 1. Be careful not to ____________ the wall when you're running in the corridor. 2. Can you pass me that ____________? I want to share it with my sister. 3. He ____________ and took us to the cinema last weekend. 4. The cat ____________ onto the windowsill to watch the birds outside just now. 5. The teacher asked us to bring dictionaries ____________ we needed them. （one another hug unless not leave...until... quietly have good manners） 1. My little sister ______ her teddy bear tightly as she fell asleep. 2. We should follow the rules to ______. 3. ______ the table ______ guests have finished eating. 4. He won't join the trip ______ his best friend goes with him. 5. In the small village，neighbours often help ______ with farming and daily life. （wake up respectfully move as quiet as possible trouble leave a tip） 1. We should listen ______ to others’ opinions, even if we don't agree with them. 2. The sudden change of plans ______ him a lot, as he had already made careful preparations. 3. I was deeply ______ by the stranger's kindness when he helped me carry the heavy bag. 4. My brother ______ at 8 o'clock this morning and rushed to catch the bus. 5. Don't forget to ______ on the table before you leave the café. 三、单项选择题 1. In Britain, people won't touch you or push past you if you're ______. A. on their way B. in their way C. by the way D. in this way 2. She finished the race ______ she was tired. A. so that B. in case C. even though D. as long as 3. — Mum, could I join the Summer Camp? — Of course. You are ______ to decide things by yourself. A. too old B. too young C. old enough D. enough old 4. — Hello, Mum. I am arriving in 30 minutes. — Oh, dear. I'm afraid I can't meet you at the station today. I am ______ busy ______ pick you up. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that D. enough; to 5. You should not ______ when all your classmates are waiting for the school lunch. It's unfair to others. A. jump the line B. keep the line C. stand in line D. talk about the line 6. The volunteers have spent a lot of time helping the elderly in the community，______? A. aren't they B. haven't they C. do they D. didn't they 7. Frank, Helen and Linda get on well with ______. They have been good friends since they became classmates. A. one more B. more one C. one another D. another one 8. My grandpa is studying computers. He says it’s ______ learn new things. A. so late to B. old enough to C. too old to D. never too old to 9. I'm afraid that we can't ______ the math problem ______ the teacher helps us. A. work out; if B. work on; if C. work out; unless D. work on; unless 10. — We should spend more time with our families on weekends. — ______ We can wait, but family can't. A. It's up to you. B. You said it. C. That's a pity. D. Don't mention it. 11. The soldier's selfless sacrifice for his country ______ millions，inspiring them to cherish peace. A. bored B. moved C. troubled D. respected 12. Life in the country is often ______ and people live ______ there. A. peaceful；peacefully B. peaceful；peaceful C. peacefully；peacefully D. peacefully；peaceful 13. Don't say bad words ______ your friends. It's ______. A. about；polite B. for；impolite C. about；impolite D. at；polite 14. Sorry to ______ you，but could you tell me the time? A. tell B. trouble C. refuse D. rush 15. — Dad, can I go on a trip to Beijing with Millie this summer holiday? — Sorry, darling. You two are ______ young ______ go out alone together. A. so; to B. too; to C. enough; to D. such; to 四、阅读下面短文，从括号中选择适当的词填空（有一个多余） （as well as abroad including took place importance instead） The 5th Life Festival 1. ____________ from May 13 to 14 in Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. Around 100 artists from home and 2. ____________ took part in the event. The theme of the festival this year was “reborn”, with the purpose of remembering the past 3. ____________ hoping for a better future. Yang Ping shared her view on the 4. ____________ and value(价值) of humans and called on people to make the most of each day. She said, “The Life Festival will continue to keep an eye on life art and fields 5. ____________ education, women and so on.” 五、根据首字母或汉语提示完成单词 1. He k______ his wife goodbye every morning before leaving for work. 2. My mom h______ me gently when I felt sad about the exam. 3. We sat in a ______（圆圈）and shared our travel stories. 4. She put on her ______（耳机）to block out the noise on the subway. 5. Don't ______（急促）—we still have plenty of time to catch the train. 六、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 在公共场合大声说话是很不礼貌的，因为这会打扰到别人。 Speaking loudly in public is ____________ because it will ____________. 2. 了解不同文化中的一些礼仪是必要的。 It is ____________ in different cultures. 3. 在日常生活中，我们通常通过握手来互相问候。 We usually ____________ in our daily life. 4. 吃饭时安静进食并闭着嘴是有礼貌的。 It is polite to ____________ when you are eating. 5. 她正要说话，铃声突然响了。（be about to do sth.） 七、根据首字母提示补全短文 The UK is a country with good manners. How can you behave properly as a stranger in the UK? Here is some 1. u________ information for you. British people usually say “hello” or “nice to meet you” and shake your hand when they meet you for the 2. f________ time. They only greet relatives or 3. c________ friends with a kiss. They like to start a conversation with 4. s________ like the weather, holidays, music or books. They avoid 5. t________ about age, weight or money. In public, British people always keep their voice down instead of shouting or laughing 6. l________. If you're in their way, they'll say “7. e________ me” and be polite enough to wait till you move. British people are 8. p________ at home too. They say “please” or “thank you” all the time. Instead of saying “no”, they often say “I'm all right，thank you” when they want to 9. r________ something. Just as the saying goes，“When in Rome，do as the Romans do.” When we are in a 10. s________ place，we should try to understand and respect the local culture. 答案： 一、1. to watch 2. fully 3. discussion 4. to take 5. loudly 6. respectfully 7. quietly 8. rushes 9. to leave 10. tasty 二、1. run into 2. pear 3. kept his word 4. jumped 5. in case 1. hugged 2. have good manners 3. Don't leave; until 4. unless 5. one another 1. respectfully 2. troubled 3. moved 4. woke up 5. leave a tip 三、1 - 5. BCCAA 6 - 10. BCDCB 11-15：BACBB 四、1. took place 2. abroad 3. as well as 4. importance 5. including 五、1. kisses 2. hugged 3. circle 4. earphones 5. rush 六、1. impolite; disturb others 2. necessary to learn about some manners 3. greet each other by shaking hands 4. eat quietly and keep your mouth closed 5. She was about to speak when the bell rang. 七、1. useful 2. first 3. close 4. subjects 5. talking 6. loudly 7. excuse 8. polite 9. refuse 10. strange $