Unit 4 Sharing Learning About Language-分层同步练习 2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Learning About Language 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.I want to let you know how 　　　　　　(regret) I am feeling now.  2.She was involved 　　　　　　a serious car accident last week.  3.The government will invest a large amount 　　　　　　money in building a museum.  4.She led him 　　　　　　an armchair,with her arm round his shoulder.  5.To what degree can parents be held responsible　　　　　　 a child’s behavior?  6.If necessary,it can stay up there for days to keep 　　　　　　of danger.  Ⅱ.请写出下列画线短语的类型及其所充当的成分 1.He could only understand a word here and there.　　　　　　  2.Don’t fall for(=Don’t be attracted by) her beauty.　　　　　　  3.In spite of the difficulties,we went on with our work.　　　　　　  4.We need to build a factory twice larger than this one.　　　　　　  5.She carried a basket full of eggs to visit her grandmother.　　　　　　  6.New office buildings are going up everywhere.　　　　　　  7.The letter on the desk is for Mr Wu,our department manager.　　　　　　  8.He was so hungry that he finished off everything on the table.　　　　　　  9.He has been working here as an assistant to the chairman for ten years.　　　　　　  10.We found everything in the lab in good order before doing the experiment.　　　　　　 Ⅲ.单句写作 1.政府向失业者分发食品。 The government 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(介词短语作后置定语) 2.因为大雨飞机没有准时起飞。 The plane didn’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(名词短语作宾语) 3.这个男孩应受惩罚,因为他偷了店里的平板电脑。 The boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the tablet of the shop.(动词短语作谓语)  4.如果这个账单五天内没有被交付,你的煤气供应将会被切断。 If this bill is not paid 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,your gas supply will be cut off.(介词短语作状语)  5.这个可怜的人从一个高台上跌下来,彻底残疾了。 The poor man fell off a high platform and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(形容词短语作表语)  二、能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A study following nearly 30,000 older adults for more than 10 years has found that six key healthy lifestyle factors can significantly reduce memory loss and that those adults engaging in between four and six of the healthy lifestyle behaviors could dramatically reduce their risks of developing dementia(痴呆),even when carrying genes that increase their risks of Alzheimer’s disease. “Six healthy lifestyle aspects were assessed:a healthy diet,regular physical exercise,active social contact,active cognitive(认知的) activity,never smoking,and never drinking alcohol,” the researchers explained in the new study.Participants were classified(分类) into the favorable group if they had four to six healthy lifestyle factors,into the average group for two to three factors,and into the unfavorable group for zero to one factor. The study found that people with four to six healthy habits had a much slower loss of memory than those with fewer healthy habits.People with these good habits were also much less likely to get dementia than those with one or no healthy habits.Those who had two or three good habits were 30% less likely to get dementia. The study didn’t figure out which of the six healthy habits is the best for stopping dementia or which combination is the best.However,the information did show that eating healthily seemed to help prevent memory loss the most,with brain exercise and regular physical exercise also very helpful. About 20% of the people in the study had a gene that makes Alzheimer’s disease more likely.Even so,having several good health habits helped slow down memory loss.This shows that changing how we live can really help. Even though each health habit helped in a different way,overall,the study found that people with more good health habits had much less memory loss than those with fewer good habits.This suggests that the choices we make in how we live can help protect our memory.The study adds to the evidence that we might be able to change our risk of memory loss. 1.What were the groups categorized based on? A.The participants’ age. B.What hobbies the participants got rid of. C.The healthy lifestyles the participants had. D.What the participants’ attitudes to factors were. 2.What can we infer from paragraph 3? A.The favorable group was happier than the other two. B.More healthy lifestyles were of more benefit to health. C.Healthy habits had little impact on memory or dementia. D.People with a healthy diet wouldn’t suffer a loss of memory. 3.Which plays the second greatest role in reducing memory loss? A.A healthy diet. B.Active social contact. C.Active cognitive activities. D.Never drinking alcohol. 4.What can be the best title for the text? A.Healthy Lifestyles Slowing Memory Loss B.A Study Making a Great Breakthrough C.A Healthy Diet Being the Best Lifestyle D.Old Adults Suffering from Health Problems Ⅴ.完形填空 I was sixty-eight years old and retired when our church joined a prison service group.We went on a tour of the women prison.The metal doors gave me a sense of 　1　.I knew I couldn’t stand being locked behind those doors,　2　 as a volunteer who knew she was getting out.  Then Margo,a young but experienced volunteer in the prison,　3　 me to be her partner.She felt she could 　4　 the women by speaking to their needs.Her positive attitude gradually built my 　5　,and I accepted her invitation.  Later,Margo and I scheduled our first visit.　6　,when we arrived at the prison,the women 　7　 to come out as they were watching TV.And when I arrived the next week for the second visit,I was told Margo couldn’t 　8　!How was I supposed to deal with them when she was absent?Waiting alone 　9　,I almost jumped at the sound of the door unlocking.One by one,the women in orange entered the room.I saw daughters,mothers,and grandmothers.They had all once made bad decisions but they wanted to 　10　.Suddenly,I felt no fear and couldn’t wait to share 　11　 words with these women.Before I knew it,our meeting had ended and the women were 　12　 me.  Fifteen years have passed now and I 　13　 to go weekly to the prison.The greatest 　14　 is to hear them say “thanks,Granny Bev”,as they follow the guard back to their rooms,and I go through the 　15　 doors that once brought me fear.  1.A.fear B.curiosity C.surprise D.sadness 2.A.rarely B.especially C.even D.just 3.A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.hired 4.A.control B.influence C.cheat D.evaluate 5.A.capacity B.patience C.confidence D.reputation 6.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However 7.A.planned B.refused C.managed D.remembered 8.A.stay B.speak C.come D.walk 9.A.nervously B.excitedly C.expectantly D.angrily 10.A.survive B.escape C.relax D.change 11.A.encouraging B.interesting C.polite D.sharp 12.A.congratulating B.asking C.thanking D.observing 13.A.claim B.struggle C.forget D.continue 14.A.satisfaction B.confusion C.disappointment D.amusement 15.A.hidden B.same C.spiritual D.wooden Ⅵ.语法填空 Walking more than 2,200 steps a day could reduce our risk of heart disease and early death,even if we spend the rest of the day 1.　　　　　　(sit) down.That’s according to a study 2.　　　　　　(publish) in the British Journal of Sports Medicine.  Researchers looked at data from more than 72,000 people in the UK,with 3.　　　　　　 average age of 61.Previous studies have linked time spent sitting with early death and heart disease,and walking is known 4.　　　　　　(decrease) these risks.So the research team wanted to find out 5.　　　　　　 walking could offset(抵消) the health risks of spending a lot of time sitting.  The study participants 6.　　　　　　(wear) a device on their wrist,which was able to record the 7.(step) they took and the amount of time they spent sitting or lying down.Then they 8.(track) for around seven years afterward.During this time,1,633 participants died,and almost 6,200 had heart problems like heart attacks and strokes.  The study found that taking between 9,000 and 10,500 steps per day reduced the risk of early death 9.　　　　　　 39%,and reduced the risk of heart disease by 21%.That’s even if people were spending a lot of time sitting.  One of the researchers,Matthew Ahmadi said the results show that “all 10.　　　　　　(move) matters” and anyone who has to spend a lot of time sitting should increase the number of steps they take.  参考答案 Ⅰ.1.regretful　2.in　3.of 　4.to　5.for　6.out Ⅱ.1.副词短语作状语　2.名词短语作宾语　3.介词短语作状语　4.形容词短语作后置定语　5.形容词短语作后置定语　6.名词短语作主语　7.介词短语作后置定语　8.动词短语作谓语　9.介词短语作状语　10.介词短语作后置定语 Ⅲ.1.gave out food to people out of work　2.take off on time because of the heavy rain　3.deserved punishment for stealing　4.within five days　5.became totally disabled Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项长期的研究结果发现健康的生活方式对老年人记忆力减退和痴呆风险的影响。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知,分类的依据是参与者的健康生活方式。故选C项。 2.B　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,更健康的生活方式对健康更有益。故选B项。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,在减少记忆丧失方面起着第二重要作用的是大脑锻炼和定期体育锻炼,也就是积极的认知活动。故选C项。 4.A　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了健康的生活方式对老年人记忆力减退和痴呆风险的影响,所以A项“Healthy Lifestyles Slowing Memory Loss”适合作本文的标题。故选A项。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己去女子监狱当志愿者的经历和感受。 1.A　根据下文“I felt no fear”以及文章最后一句中“doors that once brought me fear”可知,金属门给作者一种恐惧感。故选A项。 2.C　根据下文“as a volunteer who knew she was getting out”可推知,作者知道自己要出去,所以此处意为“即使是一名志愿者,我也不能忍受被锁在里面”。故选C项。 3.A　根据下文“I accepted her invitation”可知,志愿者Margo邀请作者做她的搭档。故选A项。 4.B　根据下文“by speaking to their needs”可知,通过满足妇女的需求来影响她们。故选B项。 5.C　根据上文“positive attitude”可知,Margo积极的态度使作者逐渐建立了信心。故选C项。 6.D　结合句意,再根据下文“when we arrived at the prison”以及“they were watching TV”可推知,前后为转折关系。故选D项。 7.B　根据下文“as they were watching TV”可知,她们拒绝出来。故选B项。 8.C　根据下文“How was I supposed to deal with them when she was absent?”可知,Margo没来。故选C项。 9.A　根据下文“I almost jumped at the sound of the door unlocking”可知,作者很紧张。故选A项。 10.D　结合句意,再根据上文“They had all once made bad decisions but they wanted to”可推知,此处指监狱的囚犯们渴望改变,重新做人。故选D项。 11.A　根据下文“thanks,Granny Bev”可知,是作者鼓舞的话语使得她们感谢作者。故选A项。 12.C　根据下文“thanks”可知,女犯人们都在感谢作者。故选C项。 13.D　根据上文“Fifteen years have passed now”以及下文“The greatest 　　　is to hear them say ‘thanks,Granny Bev’ as they follow the guard back to their rooms”可知,作者现在仍然每周去一次监狱,坚持了15年。故选D项。  14.A　根据下文“hear them say ‘thanks,Granny Bev’”可知,这是作者最大的满足感。故选A项。 15.B　根据上文“The metal doors gave me a sense of 　　　.”以及“Fifteen years have passed now and I 　　　to go weekly to the prison.”可知,作者每次都穿过那扇曾经带给她恐惧的门。故选B项。  Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了步行的好处。每天走2 200步就可以降低患心脏病和早死的风险,而每天走9 000到10 500步可以降低39%的早死风险,降低21%的心脏病风险。 1.sitting　分析句子可知,“spend+时间+(in) doing”,固定短语,意为“花费时间做某事”,介词in可省略,动词-ing形式作宾语。故填sitting。 2.published　分析句子可知,设空处作名词study的后置定语,动词“publish”与其之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填published。 3.an　age为可数名词,所填空应是不定冠词,其形容词average为元音音素开头的单词,应用an。故填an。 4.to decrease　分析句子可知,空前的known为过去分词转化的形容词,意为“众所周知的;公认的”,因此,这里应是“be+过去分词+to do”,即be known to do,意为“做某事是众所周知的”。故填to decrease。 5.if/whether　分析句子可知,设空处引导find out的宾语从句,从句结构完整,同时结合语境“wanted to find out”可推知,在句意上应是表达“是否”的含义,用if/whether引导从句。故填if/whether。 6.wore　分析句子可知,所填动词作句子的谓语动词,结合下文语境“was able to...”可知,句子用一般过去时,动词应是过去式形式。故填wore。 7.steps　所填空应是名词,且结合语境participants、they可知,这里用复数形式。故填steps。 8.were tracked　分析句子结构可知,所填动词作句子的谓语动词,结合上下文语境可知,这里用一般过去时,且主语they与动词track之间为被动关系,用一般过去时的被动结构were done。故填were tracked。 9.by　结合下文的语境“and reduced the risk of heart disease by 21%”可推知,发生风险的概率应是被降低了,因此,这里也应是介词“by”。故填by。 10.movement　分析句子结构可知,这里应是名词作主语,move是动词,意为“移动”,其名词形式为movement,且不可数。故填movement。 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $