Unit 5 Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 分层同步练习-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第四册

Using Language & Assessing Your Progress 一、必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Vehicles coming from the right have 　　　　　　(prior).  2.The content of the course depends on what the students would like 　　　　　　(study). 3.They could look at the city as a(n) 　　　　　(employ) who paid her citizens for doing her work. 4.　　　　　　 is no wonder that her parents don’t allow her to attend it.  5.Knowledge 　　　　　　(acquire) is to students as production is to workers.  6.Whether a child can grow up healthily or not depends 　　　　　　the surroundings in which he lives.  Ⅱ.短语填空 attend to,make sure,major in,get a good grade,apply for 1.He 　　　　　　　　finance at university and is now working in a bank.  2.As two of my answers missed the mark,I can’t 　　　　　　　　　　　　　this time.  3.He 　　　　　　　　the matter perfectly and as a consequence,he deserved praising.  4.If I had seen the advertisement in time I would 　　　　　　　　　　　　　the job.  5.Please 　　　　　　　　　　all mobile phones are switched off during the performance. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作之申请信) 1.我认为我可以满足所有相关的要求,因此我写信申请帮助小学生学英语。 I think I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,and therefore,I am writing to apply to help the pupils with English.  2.首先,我曾经在夏令营教过小学生,因此,我知道如何照顾他们。 Firstly,I once taught pupils in a summer camp,so I know 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　　　　　) 　　　　　.  3.另外,无论我遇到什么困难,我绝不会放弃,直到我解决它们。 Besides,　　　　　  　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I will not give up until I solve them.  4.最后也很重要的是,我将致力于学校要求我完成的所有工作。 Last but not least,I will 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　all the work the school requires me to finish.  5.总之,我坚信我适合这个职位。 　　　　  　　　　　　,I hold the strong belief that I am fit for the position.(conclusion) 二、能力素养提升练 Ⅳ.阅读理解 A In America,the “Big Dig”,a highway project that resulted in a mess of traffic in the centre of Boston for years,came in five times over its initial budget.Even the Germans get huge projects wrong.Conception to operation of Berlin Brandenburg Airport has taken 30 years,with seven missed opening dates.The airport ended up costing $8.2 billion.However,the original estimate was about $2.7 billion. Huge projects like Berlin Brandenburg Airport are the subject of an amusing new book called How Big Things Get Done by Bent Flyvbjerg and Dan Gardner.Mr.Flyvbjerg sets up a database of over 16,000 projects and data analysis reveals that only 8.5% of the projects meet their initial estimates on cost and time,and 0.5% of them achieve what they set out to do on cost,time and benefits. Over-optimistic time and cost estimates originate from both psychological and political perceptions:the reliance on intuition(直觉) rather than data,and a problem that Mr.Flyvbjerg calls “strategic misrepresentation”.This is when budgets are intentionally reduced in order to get things going.And once the projects are under way,they will not be stopped,because money spent on them will thus be wasted. Mr.Flyvbjerg speaks highly of Pixar’s methodical approach to developing and testing films in great detail before they go into production.He also tells the story of how Frank Gehry’s well-developed architectural models helped ensure the success of the Guggenheim Museum in Bilbao.Narrowing down the producing window of a project before it is actually carried out reduces the probability of unexpected events. Big customized projects are particularly likely to run into trouble.However,the more a project can be divided into standardized processes,the better its prospects are.Projects run into problems for specific reasons as well as general ones:Britain’s trouble is not something that China has to worry about,for instance.But the iron law is that if you plan strictly and standardize where possible,you are less likely to dig yourself into a hole. 1.How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? A.By making a contrast. B.By giving an explanation. C.By presenting examples. D.By showing an experience. 2.What message does Bent Flyvbjerg’s data analysis convey? A.Projects’ success rates can be estimated. B.Projects’ desired outcome can’t be achieved. C.Most projects suffer overspending and delays. D.Most projects lack comprehensive data analysis. 3.What is paragraph 3 mainly about? A.Failures in decision-making. B.Methods of reducing massive costs. C.Strategies for getting work done. D.Reasons behind inaccurate estimates. 4.What is the key to preventing projects getting into trouble? A.Planning thoroughly in advance. B.Analyzing specific and general reasons. C.Focusing on efficiency of projects. D.Drawing lessons from former experiences. B Cooking is Chris Spear’s passion.He’s been professionally cooking since he was 16.Over the years,he worked for big restaurants and reached a point where he had almost 100 employees reporting to him.That’s when he missed flexibility and wanted to be more creative.So,he quit working for restaurants and set up his own catering (餐饮) company,Perfect Little Bites in Frederick,Maryland. Spending long hours in the kitchen doesn’t tire Spear,but he had often been concerned that becoming an independent chef would make him feel lonely.Spear said he wanted to find an arrangement that would be beneficial to all such groups but didn’t cost them any money.That inspired him to found Chefs Without Restaurants,an online resource for chefs. Now he has a Meta group where he can post information about,for instance,a potential customer who wants to arrange a dinner in a given location and within a certain price range,and he can offer interested chefs more information.Customers can also benefit from this network.Spear is building a website where customers will be able to check out profiles of the Chefs Without Restaurants members,learn about their specialties and see what kinds of events they can cater,large or small. Sharon Streb,owner of Oil & Vinegar Frederick which introduces cooking ideas and chefs to their customers,said small businesses should help one another succeed.“When other chefs and businesses come to my store,they get in front of our customers and hopefully we get in front of their customers.That’s a win-win for both of us,” she said.“It’s tough out there for a small business,and not a lot of small businesses succeed.It’s important that we can work together and be successful,both of us.” That’s the goal for Spear,who wants to carve out a space for independent chefs on the food map in the area. 5.Why did Spear start his own business? A.He got tired of being a chef. B.He longed to help other chefs. C.He wanted to make more profits. D.He sought not to be bound. 6.What is the original purpose of Chefs Without Restaurants? A.To compete with other chefs. B.To provide training for chefs. C.To share resources among chefs. D.To set up virtual restaurants. 7.What kind of the network will appeal to customers? A.Data about chefs. B.Price ranges of dinners. C.Locations of restaurants. D.Events held around. 8.What does the author intend to do by quoting Sharon Streb’s words in paragraph 4? A.Reveal the toughness of small businesses. B.Stress the significance of Spear’s work. C.Call on other businesses to join the group. D.Show customers’ appreciation for Spear. Ⅴ.七选五 Life isn’t fair.Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm(吸引) anyone they meet.Well,it might seem like a magical power,but in fact there are a number of factors at work.　1　 The answer is:to a large extent,yes you can.  But first,the bad news.People at first judge each other according to physical appearance.With just a glimpse of a face,people make quick judgements about each other’s likeability,trustworthiness and confidence.How should we deal with this?　2　 People regard a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and sociable.It sounds like common sense,doesn’t it?Smile and others will smile with you.  What other tricks might we have?　3　 Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat:raise our eyebrows quickly,raise our heads slightly,and once again,to smile.  So we’ve looked at body language,but of course what you say is hugely important too,unless you want to just stand there smiling foolishly.The golden rule of friendship is if you make people feel good about themselves,they’re going to like you.In other words,you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.　4　  Finally,finding common ground helps form a connection.Charming people are particularly skilled at seeking out shared interests or experiences to bond with others.　5　 And if all else fails,you can fall back on that most British topic:the weather.It can be a nice start of a conversation.  A.Instead,you need to show interest in them. B.So,can you learn to develop superhuman charm? C.There’s one surprisingly simple tool:your smile. D.Shared interests are the key to making connections with others. E.Asking where someone is from allows you to find areas in common. F.Our brains often survey the environment for friend or enemy signals. G.What good tricks might we take advantage of to become charming? Ⅵ.语法填空 As senior high students,we are on busy schedule every day,1.　　　　　　(burden) with heavy study and involved in 2.　　　　　(vary) after-school activities.3.　　　　　　,time management seems essential,without 4.　　　　　 work delay and study stress will be unavoidable.So how to plan it 5.　　　　　　(proper)?Up to now,many high school students 6.　　　　　　　　　　(know) the importance of making a to-do list.List things we are going to do and plan the time taken up by each task,and things will be done accordingly.Second,do one thing at 7.　　　　　 time.Concentration ensures 8.　　　　　　　(efficient) and the former task’s accomplishment usually helps the next go smoothly.That’s 9.　　　　　 I strongly recommend time management here.I believe we can live our senior high life to its 10.　　　　　(full) because of that.  Ⅶ.应用文写作 第25届冬季奥林匹克运动会将于2026年2月在意大利米兰和科尔蒂纳丹佩佐联合举行,现面向社会招募志愿者。假如你是李华,请根据自己的情况写一封80词左右的英文申请信。 内容包括: 1.热爱体育; 2.英语流利; 3.性格外向,有组织能力。 注意: 1.写作词数应为80左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing to apply for a valuable chance to be a volunteer for the Winter Olympic Games to be held in February 2026. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ I would appreciate it if you could consider my application.Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua Ⅷ.读后续写 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 It snowed for days.Everything was frozen solid.As we hadn’t the heating in our classroom,most of us wore thick and warm clothes.Then,by chance I discovered under Lucas’ dirty woolen coat,there was just a semi-sleeved shirt. It was so strange that I couldn’t help wondering whether Lucas was crazy to make such a choice.I told this to the boys in my class.“How stupid!” We all ran to see Lucas and jokingly pulled off his coat.Lucas stepped back,shaking with both cold and anger.I saw tears welled into his eyes. When I went back home,I told mom “the stupid choice” Lucas made. Mom fell silent.Then she made a phone call.The next day,she told me to bring a package to the school.“Give it to Lucas.Tell him to put on the clothes in it.” “Why?” As a fourth-grader,I wasn’t wise enough to see something hidden behind.It was years later that I understood that Lucas’ family had the basics,but there was little money for much else beyond food and shelter. Mom hugged me and said softly,“Guess why a hungry person doesn’t eat?” “Because he can’t get any food to eat,” I answered loudly. “Exactly,” Mom said.“So,why doesn’t Lucas wear thick and warm sweater?” It all clicked into place. It made me feel guilty.Mom said it was unkind to make fun of disadvantaged friends.And mom also told me to “see” through my heart,but not just through my eyes.I wondered “How?”. At the end of the term,the teacher told us we were going to take a class picture as,for some reason,we would break up when we stepped into the fifth grade.Twenty-two students lined up in three rows and faced the camera with happy smiles.The teacher told us anyone who paid a dollar would bring a class picture back home.I could hardly wait to get my first class picture. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右; 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Then suddenly,I thought of Lucas.      ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ Lucas was frozen in shock when the teacher handed him that class picture.      ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.priority　2.to study　3.employer　4.It　5.acquisition　6.on Ⅱ.1.majored in　2.get a good grade　3.attended to　4.have applied for　5.make sure Ⅲ.1.can satisfy/meet all the relevant requirements　2.how to attend (to) them　3.no matter what difficulties I come across　4.dedicate myself to/be dedicated to　5.In conclusion Ⅳ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。Flyvbjerg认为如果缺少周全计划,大多数的项目会超预算并且超期。 1.C　推理判断题。由文章第一段中的“In America,the ‘Big Dig’,a highway project that resulted in a mess of traffic in the centre of Boston for years...with seven missed opening dates.”可知,文章第一段以美国的“Big Dig”和德国Berlin Brandenburg Airport两个超级项目超时、超预算为例引出本文话题。故选C项。 2.C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Mr.Flyvbjerg sets up a database of over 16,000 projects and data analysis reveals that...time and benefits.”可知,仅少数项目符合预期的开支和时间,达到预期的收益,反过来可以推断出,大多数的项目超预算并且超期。故选C项。 3.D　主旨大意题。由文章第三段“Over-optimistic time and cost estimates originate from both psychological and political perceptions...because money spent on them will thus be wasted.”可知,文章第三段主要讲述了“psychological and political perceptions”和“strategic misrepresentation”导致时间上和开支上预算过于乐观,因此本段解释了不精确的预算产生的原因。故选D项。 4.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的“But the iron law is that if you plan strictly and standardize where possible,you are less likely to dig yourself into a hole.”可知,实现计划周全是避免出现超预算和超时的关键。故选A项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了克里斯·斯皮尔所创建的一个名为“没有餐厅的厨师”的在线资源,目的是在厨师之间共享资源。 5.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Over the years,he worked for big restaurants and reached a point where he had almost 100 employees reporting to him...set up his own catering (餐饮) company”可知,斯皮尔开创了自己的事业,因为他不想被束缚。故选D项。 6.C　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“Spear said he wanted to find an arrangement that would be beneficial to all such groups but didn’t cost them any money.That inspired him to found Chefs Without Restaurants,an online resource for chefs.”可知,“没有餐厅的厨师”的初衷是在厨师之间共享资源。故选C项。 7.A　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Spear is building a website where customers will be able to check out profiles of the Chefs Without Restaurants members,learn about their specialties and see what kinds of events they can cater,large or small.”可知,网络中关于厨师的数据会吸引顾客。故选A项。 8.B　推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“It’s tough out there for a small business,and not a lot of small businesses succeed.It’s important that we can work together and be successful,both of us.”以及“small businesses should help one another succeed”可知,引用莎朗·斯特莱布的话来强调斯皮尔的工作的重要性。故选B项。 Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。有些人似乎有能力毫不费力地吸引别人,它可能看起来像一种神奇的力量,文章主要就如何培养吸引人的魅力提出了一些方法。 1.B　根据空后“The answer is:to a large extent,yes you can.”可推测,空处为一个问句;结合上文“Some people just seem blessed with the ability to effortlessly charm anyone they meet.Well,it might seem like a magical power,but in fact there are a number of factors at work.”可知,B项“那么,你能学会培养非凡的魅力吗”与空前内容一致,同时也是一个问句。故选B项。 2.C　上文“How should we deal with this?”提问如何处理这个问题,结合下文“People regard a smiling face as more trustworthy,warmer and sociable.”可知,空处应是回答上文的问题,且与微笑有关,C项“有一个非常简单的工具:你的微笑”符合语境。故选C项。 3.F　根据下文“Consequently,three things we can do to signal that we are not a threat:raise our eyebrows quickly,raise our heads slightly,and once again,to smile.”可知,我们需要做一些事情来表明我们不是威胁,F项“我们的大脑会审视周围的环境,寻找是敌是友的信号”构成下文需要做一些事情来表明我们不是威胁的原因,衔接恰当。故选F项。 4.A　上文“In other words,you should not talk about yourself and all your wonderful achievements.”说明想对方接纳我们,就不应该只是聊自己的成就,A项“相反,你需要表现出对他们的兴趣”衔接上文,引出正确的做法是要关注对方。故选A项。 5.E　上文“Charming people are particularly skilled at seeking out shared interests or experiences to bond with others.”提到寻找共同的兴趣或经历来与他人建立联系,E项“询问对方来自哪里可以让你找到共同点”对上文具体举例说明。故选E项。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲的是高中生如何有效管理时间以应对繁重的学业和各种课外活动。 1.burdened　分析句子结构可知,句中谓语是are,空格处用非谓语动词,we和burden之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词作状语,故填burdened。 2.various　分析句子结构可知,空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词短语after-school activities,vary的形容词是various,意为“各种各样的”,故填various。 3.Therefore　根据语境可知,句子表示“因此,时间管理似乎是必不可少的”,空格处意为“因此”,用therefore,位于句首的单词首字母大写,故填Therefore。 4.which　分析句子结构可知,空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句,先行词time management是物,因此空格处用which,故填which。 5.properly　空格处用副词properly修饰动词plan,properly意为“正确地”,故填properly。 6.have known　由Up to now可知,句子时态用现在完成时,主语students是复数,因此空格处用have known。故填have known。 7.a　此处at a time意为“一次”,故填a。 8.efficiency　分析句子结构可知,空格处用名词作宾语,efficient的名词是efficiency,是不可数名词,意为“效率”。故填efficiency。 9.why　分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,句子表示“这就是为什么我强烈推荐时间管理”,空格处意为“为什么”,用why引导表语从句,故填why。 10.fullest　此处live life to its fullest是固定短语,意为“生活得很充实”,故填fullest。 Ⅶ. Dear Sir or Madam,  I am writing to apply for a valuable chance to be a volunteer for the Winter Olympic Games to be held in February 2026.  I am Li Hua,an 18-year-old boy who loves sports so much that I can devote much energy to serving the game.Besides,with a very good command of English,I can speak the language fluently,which makes me more qualified to help foreigners.Meanwhile,not only do I have the ability to organize activities,but also I am outgoing,which benefits me in communicating with strangers.Everything taken into consideration,I think I am suitable for the position. I would appreciate it if you could consider my application.Looking forward to your reply.  Yours, Li Hua  Ⅷ.Then suddenly,I thought of Lucas.Could he pay the extra 1 dollar to get his class picture?I ran to my friends the moment the bell rang.We discussed that problem for a long time and finally drew the conclusion that very likely he wouldn’t get the picture.Then we rushed to the teacher’s office for confirmation.We withdrew from the office,upset and silent.“Maybe we can buy one for him,” I proposed.We counted our changes,sent it to our teacher and then waited for the big day excitedly. Lucas was frozen in shock when the teacher handed him that class picture.He stood up,lowered his head,and whispered nervously,“No,I didn’t...” The teacher smiled,“But your best friends did pay for your class picture.” Lucas raised his head in disbelief and looked around the class.Everyone smiled and then applauded,even if some students didn’t know what happened.At the moment,a surge of pride swept through me.I felt I knew how to see through my heart,but not just see through my eyes. 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $