Unit 5 Good manners单词、语法、知识点讲解2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语Unit 5 Good manners知识清单系统整合了单词、语法、句子三大核心内容，涵盖56个核心词汇及用法、enough和too的语法规则及句型转换、11个重点句型解析，搭建从词汇积累到语法应用再到句型运用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“单词精讲+练一练”“语法对比+句型转换”“句子结构分析”分类呈现知识体系，突出语言能力培养。对“enough位置规则”标注“必考易错”并配对比练习，设计“get used to doing”与“used to do”易混对比表，助力思维品质提升。“练一练”即时检测和重点句型应用提示，支持不同学生高效学习，为教师教学设计提供精准素材。

Unit 5 Good manners单词、语法、知识点讲解 一、单词精讲 1. manners n.[pl.]礼仪，礼貌 I’ve noticed some interesting differences in manners. ①table manners餐桌礼仪 It’s good/bad manners to do sth. 做某事是有 / 没礼貌的 ②difference作名词，意为“不同之处，相异”，它的形容词形式是different ，意为“不同的”，反义词是same，意为“相同的” have differences in sth 在某方面有区别 make a difference to... 对...有影响 be different from... 和......不同 be the same as 和...相同 【练一练】 1. It’s important for us to learn about proper ______ when we eat with Western friends. A. manner B. manners C. way D. ways 2.It’s good (manner) to say “thank you” when others help you. 3. Can you find out the ________ (different) between the two pictures? 2. litter n.垃圾 Drop litter 丢垃圾 作不可数名词，相当于rubbish 作动词，意为“丢垃圾” No littering 禁止乱扔垃圾（标识语） 3. tap n.水龙头 leave the tap running 让水龙头流淌 leave + 宾语 + 宾补（doing），表示 “让某物一直做某事 / 保持某种状态” leave the door open 让门开着 leave the light on 让灯亮着 leave sb. waiting 让某人一直等 4. wait in line排队等候 jump the line 插队 5. patiently adv.耐心地 Wait in line patiently. 耐心排队等候。 ①wait in line for sth. 为某事/某物排队 cut in line 插队 ②patient作形容词，意为“耐心的”，它的名词形式是patience，意为“耐心”，impatient作形容词，意为“不耐烦的，急躁的” be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心 lose patience 失去耐心 【练一练】 1. As a teacher, you should be __ with slow students. A. patient B. proper C. proud D. active 2. Don’t be ___ . The bus will come soon. A. patient B. impatient C. polite D. proper 3. Please listen to the teacher __ (patient). 6. congratulation n.祝贺 表示祝贺必须用复数congratulations congratulations to sb. (on sth.) 因某事向某人祝贺 Congratulations on your success! 7. hallway n.走廊；正门过道 Remember, you shouldn’t run in the hallways after class.记住，课后不要在走廊里奔跑。 run in the hallways 在走廊里跑 8. on time 准时 And don’t forget to come back to class on time. 还有，别忘了准时回到教室。 on time 准时（不早不晚） 【time 短语搭配】 in time 及时（赶在最后一刻赶上） at times 有时，偶尔 from time to time 不时，偶尔 all the time 一直，总是 at a time 一次 at the same time 同时 9. feel at home舒服自在，不拘束 My Chinese friends are kind enough to make me feel at home. 我的中国朋友非常善良，让我感到宾至如归。 ①位置规则（必考易错） adj. + enough：形容词放在 enough 前面 →old enough, kind enough, rich enough, polite enough enough + n.：名词放在 enough 后面 →enough time, enough water, enough money ②make sb. feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 make oneself at home 别拘束；随便点（情景交际） feel at home in sp. 在某地感到自在 【练一练】 1. The boy is old enough ___ to school. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 2. We don’t have ___ to finish the work. A. enough time B. time enough C. many time 3. Our host was kind and made us ___ . A. felt at home B. feel at home C. feeling at home 10. normally adv. 通常 11. address vt. 称呼(某人) For example, they normally use nin to address others in a formal situation. normal作形容词，意为“正常的” behave normally 举止正常 address作名词，意为“地址” 12. politeness n.礼貌 impolite adj.失礼的，粗鲁的 13. trouble vt. 麻烦；使烦恼；折磨 If you want to show politeness and respect for others, you can’t go wrong with nin.如果你想向他人表示礼貌和尊重，使用“您”准没错。 This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors. 这是非常失礼的，因为这会打扰到其他参观者。 ①polite作形容词，意为“有礼貌的”，politely作副词，意为“有礼貌地” show politeness to sb. 对某人表示礼貌 speak with politeness 礼貌地说话 be impolite to sb. 对某人失礼 be impolite to do sth. 做某事是失礼的 ②if引导条件状语从句，表“如果”，从句用一般现在时，主句用情态动词表建议或判断 ③show respect for sb意为“向某人表示尊重”，相当于show respect to sb ④can’t go wrong with sth意为“做某事/用某物不会出错、很稳妥” 【练一练】 1. _____ is very important in our daily life. A. Polite B. Politeness C. Politely 14. realize vt.(=realise)意识到 15. behave vi.表现 16. differently adv.不同地 17. when it comes to (doing) sth. 当涉及某事（或做某事）时 18. praise n.& vt.称赞，赞美 I’ve also realized that the Chinese behave differently to the British when it comes to praise.我也意识到，在接受称赞时，中国人的表现和英国人不同。 ①意为“意识到......”，相当于be aware of realize one’s mistake 意识到自己的错误 realize the importance of 意识到...的重要性 realize a dream 实现梦想 ②behaviour (英) / behavior (美)作名词，意为“表现” behave well 表现好；举止得体 behave badly 表现差；举止粗鲁 ③praise作动词，后接宾语；也可作不可数名词 praise sb. for sth. 因某事称赞某人 in praise of 称赞…… receive praise 受到称赞 praise sb. for sth. 因某事表扬某人 win high praise 赢得高度赞扬 praise sb. highly 高度赞扬某人 【练一练】 1. I didn’t ____ how important it was to learn good manners. A. realize B. think C. know D. look 2. When it comes to ____ in public, we should wait in line. A. behave B. behaving C. behaved D. to behave 3. The teacher often him for his politeness. 19. pleased adj.高兴 If someone says my Chinese is good, I’ll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language.如果有人说我的中文很好，我会很开心，并告诉他们我喜欢学习这门语言。 用于描述人“感到高兴的、满意的”，主语是人 be pleased to do sth. 高兴做某事 be pleased with sth./sb. 对某事/某人满意 pleasant作形容词，修饰事物，意为“令人愉快的”，pleasure作名词，意为“高兴；乐事” 【练一练】 1. The teacher was very ____ with his good behavior. A.pleasant B. pleased C. angry D.pleasure 2.May Day is coming!I am very to hear that I will have a pleasant trip to Beijing with my family. (please) 20. instead of prep. 代替，作为...的替换 instead of doing= rather than do= without doing 21. reply vt.&vi.回答，答复 22. modest adj.谦虚的 23. openly adv.公开地，毫不隐瞒地 They are too modest to accept praise openly.他们太谦虚了，不会公开接受称赞。 be modest about sth. 对某事谦虚 too modest to do sth. 太谦虚而不能做某事 proud作形容词，意为“骄傲的” 24. host n.主人 hospitable adj.好客的，热情友好的 25. plate n.盘子，碟子 26. refuse vi.&vt.拒绝，回绝 I ate so much because I was too polite to refuse!我吃了很多，因为我太有礼貌了，不好意思拒绝！ ①too...to... 太.....而不能..... 可与so... that...（否定）或not...enough to...转换 He is too young to go to school.他太小了不能去上学。 = He is so young that he can't go to school. = He is not old enough to go to school. ②反义词: accept 接受 refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 refuse sb. 拒绝某人 27. get used to sth. 习惯于某事 It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences.一开始可能很难适应所有这些差异。 be used to sth.习惯于某物 get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 get used to the life 适应生活 【易混对比】 used to do 过去常常做 be / get used to doing 习惯于做 be used to do 被用来做 28. fully adv.完全地，全部地，充分地 29. all at once一起；同时 To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much planning all at once. ①fully understand 充分理解 fully prepared 准备充分 full作形容词，意为“满的；充分的” be full of = be filled with ②avoid作动词，意为“避免；避开；防止” avoid doing sth 避免做某事 【练一练】 1. He drove carefully to avoid __ (hit) the dog. 2. We should avoid_ time on computer games. 30. loudly adv.吵闹地 31. cool off变凉，冷却下来 Wait a few minutes for it to cool off. let sb cool off 让某人冷静一下 32. case n. 特殊情况，病例 in case 以防万一 33. run into sb./sth. 撞上 Don’t walk too fast in case you run into someone. ① in case of +名词 万一…… Take a coat in case of cold weather. ② run into 偶然遇见 = meet by chance run into trouble / problems 遇到麻烦 run into a tree 撞到树上 【练一练】 1. I’ll take an extra pen ____ the first one doesn’t work. A. in case B. unless C. though D. because 2. He may _____ some difficulties, but he never gives up. A. run into B. put into C. break into D. fall into 34. push vi.&vt.挤开；推动 35. past prep.在另一边，到另一侧 36. in one’s way挡道 Also，they are too kind to push past you when you are in their way. push past you 从你身边挤过去；推开你往前走（多指粗鲁、匆忙地挤过） 常考短语：on the way 在途中 /by the way 顺便说 /in a way 在某种程度上 37. discussion n.讨论 38. promise vt.&vi.承诺，许诺 39. keep one’s word信守诺言 If he promised others something, he always kept his word. ①promise to do sth 答应 / 承诺做某事 promise sb sth 答应某人某事 make/keep/break a promise 许下/遵守/违背诺言 ②keep one’s word 信守诺言；说话算数 = keep one’s promise He is a man who always keeps his word. 【练一练】 1. Don’t ______ a promise if you can’t keep it. A. make B. take C. do D. get 2. My father promised ___ me a new bike on my birthday. A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. bought 40. pear n.梨 41. even though 尽管；即使 = even if 42. own vt. 拥有 on one’s own独自 of one’s own某人自己的 43. respectfully adv.尊敬地 44. move vt.(使)感动，打动 When the master woke up, he was moved to see the two students waiting in the deep snow. see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行） see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事 / 经常做（全过程） 45. earphone n.耳机 46. circle n.圆圈 47. tip n.小费 48. peaceful adj.安静的，平静的 It is usually very peaceful inside because people have to be quiet there. peace作名词，意为“和平；平静”，peacefully作副词，意为“平静地；和平地” 【练一练】 1. We hope we can live a _____ life with no wars. A. quiet B. peaceful C. sad D. lazy 2. We all hope to live ___ (peace) in the world. 49. one another 互相 50. hug n.,vt.&vi.拥抱 51. kiss n.,vt.&vi.亲吻 52. quietly adv.安静地；平静地 53. tasty adj.美味的，可口的 54. rush vt.&vi.急促；仓促行事；冲 55. unless conj.除非 If a friend invites you to dinner at their home, do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry. 如果朋友邀请你去家里吃饭，除非你必须匆忙离开，否则不要匆匆吃饭。 ①rush sth. 急促行事、匆忙做某事 rush to do sth 匆忙去做某事 rush to sp. 冲向某地 rush out 冲出去 rush into 冲进…… in a rush 匆忙地 rush hour （交通）高峰期 ②unless = if...not引导条件状语从句，主将从现。 You will miss the bus unless you hurry up.= You will miss the bus if you don’t hurry up. 【练一练】 1. I won’t tell you the result _____ you promise to keep it secret. A. if B. unless C. because D. though 2. Don’t rush __ (cross) the street when the light is red. 3. She __ (rush) out of the room when she heard the news. 56. be about to do 正要，即将，马上要做某事 When you are about to leave,say“Thank you”. be about to do... when... 正要做某事...这时突然... He was about to go to bed when the doorbell rang. 【练一练】 1. I was about _____ to bed when the phone rang. A. go B. to go C. going D. went 二、语法讲解 一、enough和too 1. enough “足够地 / 足够的” (1)修饰形容词/副词时，放在后面：adj/adv + enough The room is big enough for 3 people. (2)修饰名词时，放在前面：enough + n. We have enough time to finish the work. 2. too “太…” 修饰形容词 / 副词时，放在前面：too + adj/adv The box is too heavy for me to carry. 二、enough to和too...to (1) adj/adv + enough to do “足够…去做某事”（语气肯定，表示能做到） He is old enough to go to school. (2) too + adj/adv + to do“太… 而不能做某事”（语气否定，表示做不到） The problem is too difficult for me to solve. 三、句型转换 The boy is so short that he can’t reach the shelf. =The boy is too short to reach the shelf. =The boy isn’t tall enough to reach the shelf. 【练一练】 1. The baby is ________ young ________ look after himself. A. too; to B. so; that C. enough; to D. such; that 2. The maths problem is ________ difficult ________ work out in ten minutes. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. quite; that 3. You are not careful ________ to find the mistakes in the passage. A. too B. so C. much D. enough 4. The ice is ________ thin ________ skate on. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. very; to 5. The movie was _______ boring ________ I fell asleep halfway. A. such; that B. too; to C. so; that D. enough; to 6. The box is ________to carry easily. A. too light; to B. enough light; to C. light enough; to D. so light; that 7. He was ________ excited ________ say a word when he heard the news. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. such; that 8. It was ________ fine weather ________ we went to the park. A. so; that B. such; that C. such a; that D. enough; to 9. We have now, you don’t have to hurry. A.time enough;so B.enough time; but C. time enough; but D.enough time ; so 10. The street is ________ crowded ________ walk quickly. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. much; to 11.The story is ________ interesting ________ I want to read it again. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 12. It is ________ useful book ________ I read it every day. A. so a; that B. such a; that C. such an; that D. so an; that 13. He has ________ few friends ________ he often feels lonely. A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. enough; to 三、句子讲解 1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 2. When you travel around the world, it is important to know enough information about the manners of different cultures. 当你环游世界时，了解足够多不同文化的礼仪知识是很重要的。 When + 时间状语从句 + it is + 形容词 + to do sth（形式主语结构），核心是“在某种情境下，做某事是……的”。 形式主语it：当真正主语（动词不定式短语、从句等）较长时，用it作形式主语，避免句子头重脚轻，其结构为it is + 形容词 + to do sth（如It is necessary to study hard.）； travel around the world：固定短语，表“环游世界”，同义表达有travel all over the world； 3. We should follow these rules to make sure that both guests and hosts are comfortable at the table.我们应该遵守这些规则，以确保宾客和主人在餐桌上都感到舒适。 follow the rules：固定短语，表“遵守规则”，follow此处意为“遵循、遵守”，同义短语为obey the rules；to do sth作目的状语：动词不定式短语放在句末，表“为了做某事”，说明前面动作的目的 make sure that从句：固定搭配，表“确保、保证”，that引导的宾语从句表需要确保的内容，that可省略； both...and...：固定连词，表“两者都……”，连接两个并列的名词（guests and hosts），谓语动词用复数 4. First, it’s very important to show respect for your teachers. It is+adj+to do sth. 做某事是......的 show respect for sb. 向某人表示尊敬 respectful作形容词，意为“恭敬的；有礼貌的；表示尊敬的”，形容对别人的态度 be respectful to others 对他人有礼貌/恭敬 full of respect 充满敬意 5. Take your time. take one’s time.别着急 take one’s time (to do sth) 从容做某事；不慌不忙做某事 6. Please wait patiently enough to let everyone get their turn. Don’t jump the line. get one’s turn 轮到某人；等到某人的机会 It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 wait for one’s turn 等候轮到自己 7. In public places,people are polite enough to keep their voices down. keep one’s voice down 压低声音 8. Don’t touch the artwork if it is not allowed. touch v. 触摸；碰 触动；感动（= move） n. 触摸；接触 keep in touch with sb 与某人保持联系 lose touch with sb 与某人失去联系 allow doing sth 允许做某事 allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 be allowed to do sth 被允许做某事（被动） 9. The rules in China are very similar to those in the UK. be similar to sb./sth. 与...相似 be similar in + 方面在...方面相似 be the same as 与...相同 be different from 与...不同 10. This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors. trouble n. 问题；麻烦；困难 v. 使烦恼；麻烦 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 take the trouble to do sth 不辞辛劳做某事 11. At the end of the meal, we only paid for the meal,because here it is not common to leave a tip. it is common to do sth... 做某事是常见的 leave a tip 付小费；留小费 give tips on sth 给...方面的建议 20 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $