Unit5知识点讲解（基础版）-2025-2026学年 译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语8B Unit5知识点清单系统梳理了礼仪主题相关内容，涵盖核心词汇、句型结构及跨文化交际知识，构建了从词汇辨析（如litter/rubbish）到句型应用（如be+adj+enough+to do）再到文化对比（如中英礼仪差异）的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现词汇用法（如patient/patiently/impatient）、分级解析句型（如too...to...与so...that...转换），并关联文化场景（如“入乡随俗”谚语），培养学生文化意识与思维品质。设计“同义替换示例”（如leave rubbish=drop litter）和“应用提示”（如in time/on time辨析），助力不同学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂讲解或学生自主复习。

8BUnit5知识点讲解 Good manners and kindness are always in fashion.良好的礼仪和友善的态度始终备受推崇。 manners n. [pl.]礼仪，礼貌；good manners有礼貌；bad manners没礼貌；table manners餐桌礼仪；如：Good manners are important in daily life. 良好的礼仪在日常生活中很重要。 in fashion（行为、方式等）得体的，恰当的；be in fashion / 受欢迎，流行；如： It's not in fashion to talk loudly in public places. 在公共场所大声说话是不得体的。 Welcome to the unit--- Doing the right things(P65)欢迎来到本单元——做正确的事 Part A 1.Drop litter扔垃圾；=Throw rubbish（英式）=leave rubbish litter n.垃圾；不可数名词。如： It’s impolite to drop litter in the park.在公园扔垃圾不礼貌。 拓展：litter /rubbish 1).litter n.指四下乱丢物品的总称，尤指散落于地，有碍观瞻的废物，例如纸屑等。如：You mustn’t drop litter in the park. //After the picnic, there's litter all over the ground.野餐结束后，满地都是垃圾。 v.乱丢杂物。如：Please do not litter.请不要随手乱丢垃圾。 2).rubbish n.普通用词，指任何成堆的、破损的、用过的或无用的东西，尤指弃掉的垃圾堆。如：The rubbish is then carted away for recycling.垃圾接着被运去作回收处理。 n.废话，无聊的想法；如：The book is all rubbish.这本书全是胡扯。 Stop talking rubbish and get out of here.别再废话了,滚出去吧。 v. 抨击，贬低。如：Don’t rubbish their ideas. 2. Leave the tap running让水龙头一直流着//Keep quiet in the library在图书馆保持安静 - leave使役动词，意为“使…保持某种状态”；leave sb./sth. doing（让…一直做） -tap n.水龙头；如： She left the water running and went out.她让水一直流就出去了。 拓展：leave /keep/stay leave表示“使某人或某物保持某种状态”时，只能用及物动词leave。leave指把"某人某物"留在某处，强调动作性，且有主动和被动两个用法。如： Nothing was left in the room except the old piano. 房间里除了那架旧钢琴外，什么都没有留下 They went off together and left me standing there.他们一起离开了，留下我一个人站在那里。 keep表示“需要设法才能保持或处于某种状态”时，应用keep，如： She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持冷静。 Why do you always keep your windows closed? 你为什么总是把窗户关着？ stay表示“继续保持或处于原来的状态”时，可用stay，如： Sport helps me stay healthy and happy.运动帮助我保持健康和快乐。 3. Wait in line patiently耐心排队等候 - wait in line排队等候； - patiently adv. 耐心地；副词修饰动词，放句末。patient adj.耐心的；n.病人；impatient adj.没有耐心的；impatiently adv. 没有耐心地；如： We should wait in line patiently at the bus stop.在公交站应耐心排队。 Please be patient – your cheque will arrive.请耐心点儿–你的支票会到的。 She was tough but wonderful with her patients.她很严厉，但对病人很好。 Part B 1. Congratulations, Shirley. 恭喜你，雪莉。 congratulations n. [pl.]祝贺；Congratulations on祝贺……； Congratulations on your new home. 恭贺乔迁之喜！ 2. You're a primary school student now! But I'd like to tell you a few school rules. First, it's very important to show respect for your teachers.你现在是小学生了！但我想告诉你一些学校规 则。首先，对老师表示尊重非常重要。 //And you should be kind to your classmates.而且你应该善待你的同学。 //Remember, you shouldn't run in the hallways after class. And don't forget to return to class on time.记住，课后你不应该在走廊里跑。还有别忘了按时进教室。 用来谈论规则的表达方式有: It's important to.........是重要的；It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是...的； You should...你应该......（表肯定建议） You shouldn't...你不应该......（表否定建议） Remember...肯定祈使句；记住...... Don't forget to...否定祈使句；别忘了...... -show respect for对……表示尊重；hallway n.走廊；正门过道； -on time准时；in time及时；如： The train arrived on time.火车准时到达。 If we leave now, we’ll get there in time for the meeting.如果我们现在出发，就能及时赶到会议现场。 -remember/forget to do sth记得/忘记要做某事，动作未发生；//doing sth记得/忘记做过某事，动作已经发生。如： Remember to turn out the lights before you go to bed.临睡前别忘了关灯。 I remembered/forgot buying the fruits.我记得/忘了我买了水果。 3. I can't wait to meet my new classmates! 我迫不及待想见我的新同学！ can't wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事。如： The old man can’t wait to build a new house. 这位老人迫不及待地建一座新房子。 4. Don't leave rubbish anywhere. 别到处扔垃圾。否定祈使句，表示提醒； leave rubbish 扔垃圾（= drop litter）。//Help keep the school clean.保持校园干净。肯定祈使句。 Reading---When in Rome, do as the Romans do(P66-69)阅读——入乡随俗 1. I've been in China for a month. 我已经在中国待了一个月了。 现在完成时have been in 表示在某地已经呆了多长时间；同义句： =I have stayed in China for a month. 2. My Chinese friends are kind enough to make me feel at home, but I've noticed some interesting differences (n.) in manners.(page 66,lines 1-3)我的中国朋友们很友好，让我感到宾至如归，但我也注意到了一些有趣的礼节方面的差异。// Well, I feel at home now. (P69)嗯，我现在感觉像在家里一样。 -短语feel at home意思是"舒适自在，不拘束"。如： Soon she felt at home in her new job。她很快就适应了新工作。 -"be+ adjective+ enough+ to do"的结构表示“足够……去做某事（表能力/结果）”；如： He is brave enough to share his ideas.他有勇气分享他的想法。 He is patient enough to listen carefully when the students speak.当学生说话时，他有足够的耐心仔细听。 3. The Chinese have their own way of being polite. For example, they normally use nin to address others in a formal situation. 中国人则有他们自己的礼貌表达方式。例如，在正式场合中，他们通常用“您”来称呼他人。// How do you address your host family then? (P69)那你怎么称呼你的寄宿家庭呢？// Normally, people show respect for others in both countries. (P69)通常，两国的人们都尊重他人。// It's just their way of being modest. (P69)这只是他们谦虚的方式。 - way of doing sth做……的方式；表达……的方式； - normally adv.通常；normal adj.正常的；通常的；如： She normally arrives at 8 a.m. 她通常上午8点到达。 - address vt.称呼（某人）；How should I address the professor?我该怎么称呼这位教授？ 4. If you want to show politeness and respect for others, you can't go wrong with nin. (page 66, lines 7-8)如果你想对他人表示礼貌和尊重，用"您"准错不了。 句中you can't go wrong (with sth)的意思是“绝对不会出错，绝对不会有问题”。如： When it comes to breakfast, you can't go wrong with milk and an egg.说到早饭，牛奶搭配鸡蛋准错不了。 - show respect for对……表示尊重；politeness n.礼貌；polite adj.礼貌的；impolite adj.没有礼貌的；无礼的；politely adv.礼貌地； 5. I've also realized that the Chinese behave differently (adv.) from the British when it comes to praise(n.). 我还发现，在谈及赞美时，中国人的表现与英国人有所不同。// But I've realized there are many differences(n.) in manners here. (P69)但我已经意识到这里的礼仪有很多不 同。// I see. What else is different (adj.)? (P69)我明白了。还有什么不同？// When it comes to praise, Chinese people behave differently (adv.) from people in the UK. (P69)说到表扬，中国人的行为和英国人不一样。 realize vt.&vi. (= realise) 意识到；behave vi.表现；behave oneself守规矩； differently adv.不同地；different adj.不同的；difference n.差异；区别； when it comes to (doing) sth当涉及某事（或做某事）时； praise n. & vt.称赞，赞美；如： I suddenly realized I had left my bag.我突然意识到包落了。 My generation behaves differently from my father’s.我们这一代人的所作所为和我父亲的那一代人不同。 When it comes to English, I like reading novels.说到英语，我喜欢读小说。 6. If someone says my Chinese is good, I'll be pleased and tell them I love learning the language. But when I praise(v.) my Chinese friends, instead of saying "thank you", they often smile and reply, "Nali, nali." They are too modest to accept praise(n.)openly.如果有人称赞我的中文说 得好，我会感到高兴，并告诉他们我喜爱学习这门语言。但当我赞美我的中国朋友时，他 们非但不会说“谢谢”，反而常常微笑并回应道：“哪里，哪里。”他们过于谦逊，不愿 公开接受赞美。// They are too modest to accept praise(n.) openly. (P69)他们太谦虚了，不愿 意公开接受表扬。// Then how do they act when someone praises(v.) them? (P69)那么当有人称赞他们时，他们会如何表现呢？// I'm pleased to hear that. (P69)听到这里我很高兴。// Instead of saying "thank you", they often say, "Nali, nali." (P69)他们通常不说“谢谢”，而是说“哪里，哪里”。 -pleased adj.高兴；pleasing adj. “令人愉快的”、“合意的”；pleasant adj. “合意的、令人愉快的、讨人喜欢的”； pleasure n. “高兴、愉快、满足”；如： She was pleased to see her friend.她很高兴见到她的朋友。 These flowers are very pleasing. 这些花非常悦目。 He talked in a pleasant way. 他说话方式令人很愉快。 ---Thanks for helping me！---My pleasure. /It's a pleasure. ---谢谢你的帮助！---不客气。/我很乐意帮忙。 ---Can you give me a glass of water？---With pleasure. ---能给我一杯水吗？---当然可以。 -instead of prep.代替，作为…的替换；I'll have tea instead of coffee.我要喝茶而不是咖啡。 -reply vt.& vi.；n. 回答，答复；reply to=answer; Please reply to my email as soon as possible.请尽快回复我的邮件。 I have received no reply. 我没得到答复。 -modest adj.谦虚的；反义词：proud adj. 骄傲的；He is very modest about his achievements.他对他的成就非常谦虚。 -openly adv.公开地，毫不隐瞒地；They discussed the problem openly.他们公开地讨论了这个问题。 -too... to...太……而不能……； They are too modest to accept praise(n.) openly. = They are so modest that they cannot accept praise openly. = They are not bold enough to accept praise openly. 7. One day, my host was nice enough to invite me to dinner, and he was so hospitable. 某一天，我的主人非常友善，他特意邀请我共进晚餐，而且表现得非常热情好客。 host n.主人；be + adj. + enough to do= so…that… 同义句：… my host was so nice that he can invite me to dinner, ... hospitable adj. 好客的；be hospitable to sb.对某人好客。如： The local people are very hospitable to visitors.当地人对游客非常好客。 8. He was telling me to eat more and kept putting food on my plate. (page 67,lines 17-18) 他告诉我要多吃一些，并不断地把食物放在我的盘子里。 短语keep(on)doing sth意思是"继续做某事，重复做某事"。如： He did not see the sign and kept walking forward.他没有看到那个标志，一直往前走。 9. This was his way of showing how much he cared about me. I ate so much because I was too polite to refuse! 这是他表达自己对我的关心的一种方式。我吃得如此之多，完全是因为出于礼貌而不敢拒绝！ - This was one’s way of doing sth.这是某人做某事的方式/这是某人表达……的方式；如： This is my way of saying sorry.这是我道歉的方式。 - how much引导宾语从句，作show的宾语，用陈述语序； - because引导原因状语从句； - too + adj. + to do sth. 太……而不能做某事（否定含义）；同义替换：I ate so much because I was so polite that I couldn't refuse.如此礼貌以至于我无法拒绝。 - refuse vi. & vt.拒绝，回绝；refuse to do sth拒绝做某事；如： She refused to attend the meeting.她拒绝参加会议。 10. It can be hard at first to get used to all these differences. (page 67,line 23)刚开始要适应这些差异有时会有点困难。 短语get used to sth/doing sth意思是"习惯于.....，适应......"。要注意与以下两个短语区分开来：used to do sth的意思是"曾经/过去经常/过去一直做某事",be used to do sth的意思是"被用于做某事"。如： The exchange student from Japan got used to reading Tang poetry every day.这个来自日本的交换生习惯了每天读唐诗。 l used to live in the countryside.我以前住在乡下。 Robots are used to help people complete dangerous tasks.机器人被用于帮助人们完成危险的工作。 11. But if you are in another country, my advice is: when in Rome, do as the Romans do. (page 66)但如果你身处异国他乡，我的建议是：入乡随俗。 - When in Rome, do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。 关于罗马的一些常见英语谚语如下： All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。/殊途同归。 Rome wasn't built in a day.罗马城绝非一日建成。 Part C 12. How is everything going, Robert? Are you starting to enjoy life in China?(P69) 一切都好吗，罗伯特？你开始享受中国的生活了吗？ How is everything going? 一切都好吗？最近怎么样？（最常用的日常寒暄语） 同义替换：How are you doing? / How's it going? 用于见面问候，比 "How are you?" 更口语化、更亲切。 13. Well, in China, it's not polite to call people by their names if they're much older than you. (P69)嗯，在中国，如果对方比你年长很多，用名字称呼他们是不礼貌的。 - call sb. by + 名称（表示“用……称呼某人”）；We call him by his nickname.我们叫他的绰号。 - It's + adj. + to do sth.做某事是……的；It 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 to do sth.； It's polite to say "thank you".说“谢谢”是有礼貌的。 14. I see. Is there anything similar between the manners in China and at home? 我明白了。中国的举止和国内有什么相似之处吗？(P69)// What do you think of Robert's experience of dealing with the differences between British and Chinese manners?你如何看待罗伯特处理英国和中国礼仪差异的经历？// The rules in Chinese museums are very similar to those in the UK. (P74)中国博物馆内的规则与英国博物馆内的规则非常相似。 -be similar between...and...（……和……之间相似）；be similar to...（与……相似）；如： Your bag is similar to mine.你的包和我的很像。 Grammar (P70-72) A Using enough and too使用“足够”和“太” 1. When you travel around the world, it is important to have enough information about the manners of different cultures. 当你环游世界时，了解不同文化的礼仪至关重要。 -When引导时间状语从句；It is + adj. + to do sth.（做某事是……的），it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后边的动词不定式to do sth.。enough 修饰名词information，须放在名词的前边。 2. To enjoy world travel fully, avoid too much planning all at once. 为了充分享受环球旅行，避免同时进行过多的计划。// Take enough food to feel full. Don't take too much. (P70)适量取食以吃饱。不要拿太多。 -fully adv.完全地，全部地，充分地；full adj. “满的，装满的”；“完全的，充分的，完整的”。如：The doctor asked me to breathe in, then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。The bottle is full of water.瓶子里装满了水。 - avoid v. 避免；避开；avoid doing sth. 避免做某事；如： You should avoid eating too much junk food.你应避免吃太多垃圾食品。 - too much + 不可数名词；She spends too much time on her phone.她花太多时间玩手机。 -all at once 一起，同时；突然；如： All at once the sky filled with snow.天空忽然飘起了雪花。 How is it possible to feel love for two men all at once? 怎么可能同时爱上两个男子呢? 3. Trying to do too many things can be too tiring. Take your time. 试图做太多事情会太累。慢慢来。// Please keep quiet. Don't talk too loudly. (P70) 请保持安静。不要大声喧哗。// Please eat slowly. Don't eat too fast.(P70) 请慢慢吃。不要吃得太快。 - try to do sth. 表示设法做某事；try doing sth表示试图做某事。如： He tried to finish the work ahead of time.他设法提前完成了工作。 Why not try going by boat for a change? 为什么不换个方式，坐船去呢？ - too many + 可数名词复数；There are too many people in the park.公园里人太多了。 - too作副词，可用在形容词和副词前，表示"太，过于，过度"。如： This bag is too heavy for me。这个包对我而言太沉了。（修饰形容词） Don't talk too loudly. 不要大声说话。（修饰副词） - loudly adv. 大声地（形容词：loud 大声的）；如： Don’t speak loudly in the library.不要在图书馆大声说话。 - tiring adj. 令人疲惫的（修饰事物；tired 修饰人，表“感到疲惫的”）。如： Climbing mountains is tiring, but interesting.爬山很累人，但很有趣。 -Take your time. 慢慢来；别着急；从容做。如： There's no rush—take your time. 别着急，慢慢来。 4. To really understand the culture of a country, try to visit enough places. Stay in each place long enough to get to know the local traditions.要真正了解一个国家的文化，尽量去访问足够多的地方。在每个地方停留足够长的时间，以了解当地的传统。 -enough修饰名词放在名词的前边，修饰形容词或副词时放在形容词或副词的后边；如：enough places// long/loudly enough（enough 修饰形容词/副词后置，修饰名词前置。） 5. Many young people are excited to travel to other places, but you should wait until you are old enough to travel alone. 许多年轻人很兴奋去其他地方旅行，但你应该等到你长大了才能独自旅行。 -be + 形容词 + enough + to do sth. 足够……去做某事；=so…that从句；同义句： … until you are old enough to travel alone. =… until you are so old that you can travel alone. Part A1 6. Please wait patiently enough to let everyone get their turn. Don't jump the line. 请耐心等待，确保每个人都有机会。不要插队。 - patiently adv. 耐心地（patient形容词：有耐心的；名词：病人；反义词：impatient 没耐心的；）如：Please listen to me patiently.请耐心听我说。 - jump the line插队（= cut in line）；如： It’s rude to jump the line in public.在公共场合插队是不礼貌的。 7. Don't blow on your food if it is too hot. Wait a few minutes for it to cool off. 如果食物太烫，不要吹。等几分钟让它凉下来。 - blow on sth. 对……吹气；Blow on the mirror.在镜子上哈气。 - cool off变凉；冷却下来；Wait for the soup to cool off before drinking.等汤凉一凉再喝。 8. Don't walk too fast in case you run into someone. 不要走得太快，以免撞到人。 - in case以防；万一（引导目的状语从句）；Take an umbrella in case it rains.带把伞，以防下雨。Drive carefully in case there is a traffic jam.小心开车，以防堵车。 - run into sb. 撞到某人；偶遇某人；I ran into an old friend at the supermarket this morning.今天早上我在超市碰见了一个老同学。 B Using enough to and too ... to使用“足够……以至于”和“太……而不能……” In many countries, people are patient enough to wait in line in banks and shops. Also, they are kind enough to hold the door for you when you go in or out of a building. In public places, people are polite enough to keep their voices down. In many countries, people are too polite to jump the line in banks and shops. Also they are too kind to push past you when you are in their way. In public places, people are thoughtful enough to keep quiet. 在许多国家，人们有足够的耐心在银行和商店排队。此外，当你进出建筑物时，他们会很友善地帮你拉门。在公共场合，人们很有礼貌，会压低声音。在许多国家，人们非常有礼貌，不会在银行和商店里插队。此外，他们也非常友善，即便你挡住了他们的去路，他们也不会强行从你身边挤过去。在公共场所，人们很周到，保持安静。// He was trustworthy enough to win others' praise. (P72) 他为人可靠，足以赢得他人的赞誉。 1.我们可以用"be+ adjective+ enough+ to do"的结构来描述一个人的品质和能力；含义是“足够……去做某事（表能力/结果）”；同义替换：so...that...(肯定句)（如此……以至于……） 如：In many countries, people are so patient that they can wait in line in banks and shops. 2.我们可以用"be+ too+ adjective+ to do"的结构来表达因某个原因而没有完成某个动作或达到某种状态。同义替换：so...that...（否定句）（如此……以至于不能……）//"be+ not+ adjective +enough +to do"；如： In many countries, people are so polite that they can’t jump the line in banks and shops. The food is too hot for Robert to enjoy. = The food is not cold enough for Robert to enjoy. 3. push vi. & vt.挤开；推动； past prep.在另一边，到另一侧； in one’s way挡着…的路；如： Step aside! You’re in my way.闪开！你挡住我的路了。 Part B2 4. He would never lie or cheat. If he promised others something, he always kept his word. (P72) 他从不撒谎或欺骗。如果他向别人许下承诺，他总是信守诺言。 cheat vi. & vt.欺骗；n.骗子；If he thinks he can cheat me, just let him try! 要是他以为能够骗过我，就让他来试一下吧！He was a liar and a cheat. 他是一个说谎的人，一个骗子。 promise vt. & vi.; n. 承诺，许诺； Once he made a promise, he would stick to it.他一旦许下诺言,就坚守这个诺言。I promise never to lie to you from now on.我发誓从今以后再也不向你说谎话。 keep one’s word信守诺言； You promised to come. You should keep your word.你答应要来，你应该信守诺言。 5. The old woman was too poor to buy food for herself, so she often went to knock the fruits down from the tree in Du Fu's yard for food. Du Fu knew about this but he was too kind to stop her. (P72) 这位老妇人太穷了，自己买不起食物，所以她常常去敲杜甫院子里树上的水果当食物。杜甫知道这件事，但他心地太善良，没有阻止她。// The travellers on the road were all too thirsty to walk any further. (P72) 路上的旅行者都渴得走不动了，无法再继续前行。// He was too honest to take others' things, even though no one knew who owned the pear tree. (P72) 他为人太过诚实，不会拿别人的东西，尽管没人知道那棵梨树是谁的。 -"be+ too+ adjective+ to do"“太……而不能……”= so...that...（否定句）（如此……以至于不能……）//"be+ not+ adjective +enough +to do"；如： The old woman was too poor to buy food for herself, … = The old woman was so poor that she couldn’t buy food for herself,… …but he was too kind to stop her. = …but he was so kind that he didn’t stop her. The travellers on the road were all too thirsty to walk any further. = The travellers on the road were all so thirsty that they couldn’t walk any further. - pear n.梨； Would you like a pear?你想吃梨吗？ - even though尽管，即使；Even though the man had a smile on his face, the old lady was worried.尽管老人脸上挂着微笑，老太太却很担心。 - own vt.拥有；adj. 自己的；owner n.拥有者；of one’s own=belong to //on one’s own=alone=by oneself; 如：Do you own the house or are you a tenant?你是拥有这幢房子还是租住的? Someday, I will own a shop like this.有一天,我自己将会拥有一间像这样的店。 She is the owner of the house.她是这座房子的所有者。 Children need toys of their own.儿童需要有自己的玩具。 It is better to struggle on one's own than to rely on others.虽然生活清苦,也比傍人门户要好。 Integration---Minding your manners(P73-76)综合——注重礼仪 Part A 1. Standing in the snow to wait for Master Cheng respectfully.站在雪中恭敬地等程先生。 - respectfully adv.尊敬地； respect v.& n.尊敬； He bowed respectfully to the teacher.他向老师恭敬地鞠躬。 I want him to respect me as a career woman.我要他把我作为一个职业女性来尊重。 2. The two students were too polite to wake him up, so they waited outside the house patiently. 那两名学生太过有礼貌，没有叫醒他，于是便在房子外耐心地等待着。 - too...to... 表否定含义“太……不能”；so 连接并列句，表因果。 He was too tired to walk, so he took a taxi.他太累走不动，所以打了出租车。 - patiently adv. 耐心地（副词，修饰动词）；She waited patiently for her turn.她耐心地等着轮到自己。 - wake him up叫醒他；wake up叫醒，醒来；宾语若为代词宾格时须放在两词之间。 3. When the master woke up, he was moved to see the two students waiting in the deep snow. 当程老师醒来时，看到两个学生在深雪中等候，他深受感动。 - move vt.使感动，打动；be moved（被感动）；see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事。如： I was happy to see my mother cooking.看到妈妈做饭我很开心。 Part B3 4. We should not speak loudly inside the museum or touch any artwork if it is not allowed. 我们不应在馆内大声喧哗，也不得触碰任何未获允许的艺术品。 -be allowed被允许。如： I was allowed to play games.我被允许玩游戏。 5. It is usually very peaceful inside because people have to be quiet there. 馆内通常非常宁静，因为人们必须保持安静。 -peaceful adj.安宁的，平静的；peacefully adv.安宁地，平静地；peace n.安宁，平静； The park is very peaceful in the morning.早上的公园很安静。 He was sleeping peacefully.他正安安稳稳地睡着。 The dove is the symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的象征。 6. People shouldn't play games or music on their phones without wearing earphones in museums. 在博物馆内不应使用手机进行游戏或播放音乐，除非佩戴耳机。 -earphones n. [pl.]耳机； without doing sth. 没有做某事（介词+动名词）；如： He left without saying goodbye.他没说再见就走了。 7. This is quite impolite because it will trouble other visitors. 这种做法相当不礼貌，因为这会给其他参观者带来困扰。 -impolite adj.失礼的，粗鲁的；polite adj.有礼貌的； It is impolite to interrupt others.打断别人是不礼貌的。 -trouble vt. & n. 麻烦；使烦恼；折磨； Don’t trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自寻烦恼，除非烦恼找上你。 8. At the end of the meal, we only pay for the meal, because here it is not common to leave a tip. 用餐结束时，我们仅支付餐费，因为这里通常不习惯给小费。 - at the end of在……结束时；It is + adj. + to do sth. 句型。 At the end of the class, the teacher gave us homework.下课前，老师给我们布置了作业。 -pay for 为……付款；I will pay for the dinner.我来付晚餐的钱。 -tip n.小费；leave a tip 留小费； It’s polite to leave a tip in Western restaurants.在西餐厅留小费是礼貌的。 Part C 9. Chinese people sometimes greet each other by shaking hands, but British people like to greet one another with a big hug, and sometimes we greet relatives or close friends with a kiss. 中 国人有时会通过握手互相问候，但英国人喜欢用一个大大的拥抱来打招呼，有时我们还 会和亲戚或亲密朋友亲吻问候。 - one another(用于三者或三者以上)/ each other(用于指两者之间) pron.互相；如： Tom and Mary looked at each other.汤姆和玛丽互相看着对方。 The students helped one another with their homework.学生们互相帮助做作业。 - hug n. vt. & vi.拥抱； 如： He greeted her with a loving hug.他以一个深情的拥抱来迎接她。 The child was hugging her doll.那孩子紧抱着她的洋娃娃。 - kiss n. vt. & vi.亲吻；如： How do you steal a kiss from a girl like that? 你怎么赢得像那样了不起的女孩的吻的？ Look like he's going to haul off and kiss the girl.看上去他会突然吻那个姑娘一下。 -by shaking hands 通过握手；shaking hands握手；（by+ doing sth. 表示“通过某种方式/手段”。）如： We learn English by listening to songs.我们通过听歌学英语。 -with sth. 用某物（表方式）。如：She writes with a pen.她用钢笔写字。 10. Good to know. 知道了。// 了解了。（口语常用）如： —The library is closed today. —Good to know. —图书馆今天闭馆。 —了解了。 11. It's good to know some manners in different cultures. 了解不同文化中的一些礼仪是件好事。 -It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……的。It作形式主语，不定式to know...是真正的主语；如：It is important to learn English well.学好英语很重要。 12. You said it! 你说得太对了！ 口语固定表达，用于赞同对方观点，意为“你说得对！”“可不是嘛！”如： —The movie is great! —You said it! —这部电影太棒了！—你说得对！ Part D2 13. It is polite to talk about how tasty the food is. 说食物有多美味是礼貌的。 - It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是……的；how + adj. + 主语 + 谓语是感叹句结构。如： It is nice to see how happy she is.看到她那么开心真好。 -tasty adj.美味的，可口的；The cake is very tasty.这个蛋糕很美味。 taste n.味觉；滋味；vt.尝…的味道；品尝； If you have a taste of some food or drink, you try a small amount of it in order to see what the flavour is like. 当你想品尝某种食物或饮料时，你会先少量尝试，以了解其味道如何。It tastes like chocolate.它吃起来像巧克力。 tasteful adj. 雅观的、有鉴赏力的、趣味高雅的、有滋味的。 We took a fancy to the car’s tasteful and simple style, so we bought it. 我们买车时，就是看中了这车大方简单的款型。 tasteless adj.无味的、乏味的、没品位的。如： The fish was mushy and tasteless. 鱼做得太烂了，没滋没味的。 14. If a friend invites you to dinner at their home, do not rush your meal unless you have to leave in a hurry. 如果朋友邀请你去他们家吃饭，除非你必须匆忙离开，否则不要狼吞虎咽。 - rush vi. & vt.; adj.急促；仓促行事；冲，涌；急需的；猛冲的； 如： I really hate to rush off like this.我真的不喜欢这样匆匆离去。 Traffic jam is common in the rush hour.交通高峰时经常出现交通拥塞。 -unless conj.除非；if…not。如： You can’t enter unless you have a ticket. 除非有票，否则不能进入。 = You can’t enter if you don’t have a ticket. Don’t go out unless you finish your work.除非做完工作，否则别出去。 =Don’t go out if you don’t finish your work. - in a hurry匆忙地；如：He left in a hurry without saying goodbye.他匆忙离开，没说再见。 15.When you are about to leave, don't forget to say "thank you".临走时别忘了说声“谢谢”。 -be about to do sth即将，正要（做某事）（通常不与具体时间状语连用）；如： I was about to leave when the phone rang.我正要离开，电话响了。 - forget to do sth. /doing sth.忘记去做某事（事情未做）。/忘记做过某事（事情已做）。如： Don’t forget to lock the door.别忘了锁门。/ I forgot writing a letter to Amy. 我忘了给艾米写过一封信。 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $