精品解析：上海市青浦区2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研英语试卷（二模）

2025学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. “Unhappy” Horse Drives New Year Sales Boom On 17 February 2026, China welcomed the Year of the Horse, which symbolizes energy and diligence. But the huge success of a faulty toy suggests that many Chinese are not feeling the festive atmosphere. A red horse toy produced by Happy Sister in the city of Yiwu in the east of China ____1____(mean) to wear a broad smile, but a factory error meant it hit the shops, wearing a worried look. Because the smile was placed upside down, the horse’s nostrils (鼻孔) ____2____be interpreted as tears. Despite the error, the toy went viral on social media. People joked that the crying horse is how you look at work, while the smiling one is how you look____3____work. By mid-February, the owner of Happy Sister said she was receiving daily orders of more than 15,000 units, causing the extra production lines ____4____(introduce) immediately. The small workshop, which had struggled with slow sales for months, suddenly found____5____flooded with orders and struggling to keep up with demand. Many Chinese white-collar workers have endured the 996 system, ____6____employees are required to work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week. Though the practice was banned in 2021 after an employee died suddenly from a late-night shift, long overtime hours are still common today. Jacob Cooke, CEO of an e-commerce firm, said, “Consumer products and internet memes (网络梗) serve as a channel for people to discuss work pressure, a connection showing ____7____formal communications often fail to convey.” The crying horse is a perfect example of this, as it gives workers an alternative way to express their tiredness ____8____ they are criticized for voicing their true feelings directly. Meanwhile, orders for the “crying horse” have poured in worldwide, with its image ____9____(expect) to appear on various products. The owner never found out who sewed the horse’s smile on upside down. “Since we can’t figure out exactly_____10_____mistake it was, we will just give everyone a bonus,” she said. 【答案】1. was meant##had been meant 2. could##might 3. after##off 4. to be introduced 5. itself 6. where 7. what##something 8. in case 9. expected 10. whose 【解析】 【导语】本文通过讲述一款因工厂失误而“哭丧着脸”的马年玩具意外热销的故事，揭示了当代中国职场（尤其是“996”工作制下）员工承受的巨大压力。 【1题详解】 考查动词时态与语态。句意：位于中国东部义乌市的“快乐姐妹”公司生产的一款红色马玩具本应咧嘴大笑，但由于工厂失误，它带着一副愁容上了架。此处在句中作谓语动词，主语为A red horse，为单数，与mean之间为被动关系，故应用被动形式be done，且此处描述过去发生的动作，可用一般过去时 was meant 或过去完成时 had been meant 强调“原本打算而未能实现”。 【2题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：因为微笑线被上下颠倒缝反了，马的鼻孔可能被解读为眼泪。此处表示可能性推测，用could或might，语气委婉。 【3题详解】 考查介词。句意：人们开玩笑说，哭哭马是你上班时的样子，而笑笑马是你下班后的样子。“at work”对应“工作时”，下班或离开工作用after work或off work，故此处应用介词after /off。 【4题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：到2月中旬，“快乐姐妹”的老板表示，她每天收到超过1.5万件的订单，导致立即增设了生产线。此处为“cause sth. to be done导致某事被做”结构，生产线条被引入，用不定式的被动形式 to be introduced。 【5题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：几个月来一直销售缓慢的小作坊，突然发现自己被订单淹没，难以满足需求。此处在句中作宾语，主语为the small workshop，与宾语为同一对象，故应用反身代词itself强调“自身”。 【6题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：许多中国白领工人忍受着“996”工作制，即员工被要求从早9点工作到晚9点，每周六天。此处引导定语从句，先行词 the 996 system，从句中缺乏地点状语，用关系副词where引导非限制性定语从句。 【7题详解】 考查宾语从句/代词。句意：一家电商公司的首席执行官Jacob Cooke表示：“消费品和网络梗成为了人们讨论工作压力的渠道，这种联系展示了正式沟通往往无法传达的内容。”。此处引导showing后的宾语从句，从句中fail to convey 缺少宾语，意为“……的东西”，故应用what引导；此处也可以理解为something“某事”作showing的宾语，formal communications often fail to convey是省略关系词that的定语从句。 【8题详解】 考查连词。句意：哭哭马就是一个完美的例子，因为它给工人们提供了一种表达疲惫的替代方式，以免他们因直接说出真实感受而受到批评。此处意为“以防、免得”，表达为in case，引导目的状语从句。 【9题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，“哭哭马”订单从世界各地涌来，其形象预计将出现在各种产品上。此处为“with +宾语+宾补”结构，宾语为image，与expect之间为被动关系，故用过去分词expected作宾补，表示“被期待/预计”。 【10题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：她说：“既然我们无法搞清楚到底是哪个人的失误，我们就给大家发奖金。”此处引导宾语从句，意为“谁的错误”，故应用whose引导宾语从句，whose在从句中作定语，修饰mistakes。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. plainly B. equivalent C. dismissed D. clue E. integrated F. imprecisely G. boost H. reassessment I. running J. reserve K. reprogramming The Surprising Truth about Body Fat If you melted down the average UK adult, you would find around 22 kilograms of creamy yellow fat. It’s ____11____ to around 88 pieces of butter and enough to fill two-thirds of a small suitcase or cast into 446 dinner candles. What a disturbing thought! People have long ____12____ body fat as nothing more than extra weight, something to get rid of. Yet this unwanted fat is undergoing a thorough ____13____. Far from an inactive burden, it is a dynamic organ with its own memory and is capable of influencing everything from appetite to immunity (免疫). Due to limited research resources, early studies could only ____14____ describe fat as a single store for extra calories, failing to recognize its role as a smart regulator of our body. Fat, it turns out, isn’t a single thing. Containing a mix of protective cells, nerves and blood vessels (血管), it has developed into something ____15____ into the overall control of blood sugar, body temperature and other bodily functions. The first ____16____ that we were underestimating our body fat came in the 1990s with the discovery of leptin, a hormone released by fat cells which acts on the brain to control appetite and ____17____ energy consumption. On the contrary, when people quickly lose fat, leptin levels drop, which the brain interprets as a sign that energy stores might be ____18____ low. It responds by strengthening hunger signals and reducing energy loss to help people regain that lost fat. The discovery of leptin revealed a hidden network between fat and the rest of the body. Since then, we have discovered that fat cells release many more hormones and other signaling chemicals, gradually proving our old opinions are ____19____ wrong. Some scientists are even dedicated to ____20____ it instead — not just to tackle weight problems, but to improve our broader health. 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. H 14. F 15. E 16. D 17. G 18. I 19. A 20. K 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了身体脂肪的真相，指出脂肪并非仅仅是多余的体重，而是一个动态器官，对身体的多种功能有重要影响。 【11题详解】 考查形容词。句意：它相当于大约88块黄油，足以装满一个小行李箱的三分之二，或者可以做成446根晚餐蜡烛。根据“to around 88 pieces of butter”可知，此处说的是脂肪相当于多少黄油，形容词equivalent意为“相等的，相当的”，作表语。 【12题详解】 考查动词。句意：长期以来，人们一直认为身体脂肪不过是多余的体重，是应该去除的东西。根据“body fat as nothing more than extra weight, something to get rid of”可知，这是人们一直以来对脂肪的看法，动词dismiss意为“认为……不重要”，作谓语，且根据“have long”可知，此处用现在完成时have dismissed。 【13题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，这种多余的脂肪正在经历彻底的重新评估。根据“Far from an inactive burden, it is a dynamic organ with its own memory and is capable of influencing everything from appetite to immunity (免疫).”可知，脂肪正在经历重新评估，名词reassessment意为“重新评估”，作宾语。 【14题详解】 考查副词。句意：由于研究资源有限，早期的研究只能不精确地将脂肪描述为额外卡路里的单一储存库，未能认识到它作为我们身体智能调节器的作用。根据“Due to limited research resources”可知，早期研究对脂肪的描述是不精确的，副词imprecisely意为“不精确地”，修饰动词describe作状语。 【15题详解】 考查动词。句意：它含有保护性细胞、神经和血管的混合物，已经发展成为一种与血糖、体温和其他身体功能的整体控制相结合的东西。根据“the overall control of blood sugar, body temperature and other bodily functions”可知，此处说的是脂肪与身体功能的整体控制相结合，动词integrate意为“结合，融合”，且此处是过去分词作后置定语，修饰something。 【16题详解】 考查名词。句意：我们低估身体脂肪的第一个线索出现在20世纪90年代，当时发现了瘦素，一种由脂肪细胞释放的激素，作用于大脑以控制食欲和促进能量消耗。根据“that we were underestimating our body fat”可知，此处说的是低估身体脂肪的线索，名词clue意为“线索”，作主语。 【17题详解】 考查动词。句意：我们低估身体脂肪的第一个线索出现在20世纪90年代，当时发现了瘦素，一种由脂肪细胞释放的激素，作用于大脑以控制食欲和促进能量消耗。根据“energy consumption”可知，此处说的是促进能量消耗，动词boost意为“促进，增加”，且与control并列，用动词原形。 【18题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，当人们迅速失去脂肪时，瘦素水平会下降，大脑将其解释为能量储备可能正在变得过低的信号。根据“On the contrary, when people quickly lose fat, leptin levels drop”可知，此处说的是能量储备可能过低，动词run意为“变成，变得”，用现在分词构成进行时态might be running。 【19题详解】 考查副词。句意：从那以后，我们发现脂肪细胞释放更多的激素和其他信号化学物质，逐渐证明我们以前的观点显然是错误的。根据“we have discovered”和“proving our old opinions”可知，此处说的是新发现证明以前的观点显然是错误的，副词plainly意为“显然地”，修饰形容词wrong作状语。 【20题详解】 考查动词。句意：一些科学家甚至致力于重新编程它——不仅仅是为了解决体重问题，而是为了改善我们的整体健康。根据“not just to tackle weight problems, but to improve our broader health”可知，此处说的是科学家致力于重新编程脂肪，动词reprogram意为“重新编程”，且be dedicated to doing sth.是固定用法，意为“致力于做某事”，to是介词，后接动名词reprogramming作宾语。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Camera traps, once beloved tools for wildlife enthusiasts to capture animal moments, have progressed into powerful scientific instruments revealing a groundbreaking truth: most mammals (哺乳动物) do not keep to fixed daily schedules. Instead, they flexibly ____21____ their activity patterns to avoid human presence. A groundbreaking global study published in Science Advances, employing 8.9 million observations from over 20,000 camera trap sites across 38 countries and six continents, has overturned decades of conventional classifications of animal behavior. For generations, scientists categorized mammals into fixed groups: day-active, night-active, dawn-and-dusk-active, or active all the time. However, this research — led by over 200 international researchers — uncovered that only 39% of the 445 studied species fit neatly into these boxes. A striking 74% regularly shifted their behavior ____22____ environmental changes and human activities, demonstrating remarkable behavioral flexibility. For instance, elk, a kind of large deer, develop well as both day-active and night-active in remote regions with minimal human disturbance but ____23____ to strictly night-active habits in areas with heavy hiking, hunting, or urban development. Gray foxes and wild snowshoe rabbits exhibited similar adaptive shifts, ____24____ survival over fixed routines. This behavioral adjustment is a critical survival ____25____. Human activities often damage animals’ access to food, water, shelter, or breeding opportunities. By altering when they search for food or reproduce, mammals reduce direct ____26____ with humans and ease stress. The camera trap data — collected from backyards to wilderness — has created the largest standardized wildlife activity database, offering incomparable ____27____ into how humans shape the natural world. The study challenges the belief that mammals’ activity patterns are ____28____ fixed. Camera trap data proves most species modify their habits based on ____29____ factors, especially in high-human-activity regions where animals change their natural schedules to avoid contact. These shifts are calculated survival responses: when resources are disturbed, mammals shift their active periods to ____30____ risk. Beyond reshaping scientific understanding, these findings have practical ____31____ for conservation. Knowing species avoid humans by shifting to night activity guides wildlife managers in designing protection plans. What began as a way to take animal photos has become a tool that deepens our ____32____ of human-wildlife coexistence. This new understanding also encourages us to ____33____ our own behaviour to better share the planet. For conservationists, the findings offer clear ____34____ for protection plans, reducing human-wildlife conflict and promoting harmonious coexistence. As human impact grows, recognizing these adaptive shifts will be ____35____ to preserving biodiversity. 21. A. devote B. adjust C. track D. generate 22. A. in response to B. in contrast to C. in reference to D. in proportion to 23. A. respond B. object C. contribute D. switch 24. A. ruling B. spreading C. prioritizing D. taking 25. A. gesture B. strategy C. target D. exchange 26. A. conflict B. cooperation C. negotiation D. coexistence 27. A. admissions B. division C. insights D. introduction 28. A. temporarily B. accidentally C. occasionally D. naturally 29. A. unknown B. particular C. external D. sustainable 30. A. multiply B. detect C. minimize D. overcome 31. A. distractions B. limitations C. transformations D. implications 32. A. confusion B. comprehension C. ignorance D. inspiration 33. A. regulate B. classify C. conceal D. suspect 34. A. criticisms B. guidelines C. preference D. distinction 35. A. contrary B. irrelevant C. secondary D. crucial 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. D 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍了相机陷阱研究揭示了大多数哺乳动物会灵活调整活动模式以避开人类，这种行为调整是重要的生存策略，对保护工作有实际意义，鼓励人类调整自身行为以实现与野生动物的和谐共存。 【21题详解】 考查动词。句意：相反，它们会灵活调整自身活动模式，避开人类活动区域。A. devote致力于；B. adjust调整；C. track追踪；D. generate产生。根据上文“most mammals (哺乳动物) do not keep to fixed daily schedules”和下文“to avoid human presence”可知，大多数哺乳动物不会遵循固定的日常时间表，它们调整自己的活动模式以避开人类。 【22题详解】 考查介词短语。句意：高达74%的物种会主动调整自身行为，以应对环境变化与人类活动，这充分展现了其极强的行为适应能力。A. in response to回应；B. in contrast to与……形成对比；C. in reference to关于；D. in proportion to与……成比例。根据下文“For instance, elk, a kind of large deer, develop well as both day-active and night-active in remote regions with minimal human disturbance but ________ to strictly night-active habits in areas with heavy hiking, hunting, or urban development”可知，下文举例动物因人类干扰改变作息，说明行为变化是对外界因素的回应。 【23题详解】 考查动词。句意：例如，麋鹿这类大型鹿科动物，在人类干扰极少的偏远地区，既能白天活动也能夜间活动；但在徒步、狩猎活动频繁或城市化程度较高的区域，就会转变为严格的夜行习性。A. respond回应；B. object反对；C. contribute贡献；D. switch转变。根据上文“shifted their behavior”可知，从昼夜活动变为纯夜间活动，是习性的转变。 【24题详解】 考查动词。句意：灰狐与美洲白靴兔也表现出类似的适应性行为转变，将生存置于固定生活规律之上。A. ruling统治；B. spreading传播；C. prioritizing优先考虑；D. taking拿走。根据下文“survival over fixed routines”可知，动物放弃固定规律，优先保障生存。 【25题详解】 考查名词。句意：这种行为调整是关键的生存策略。A. gesture手势；B. strategy策略；C. target目标；D. exchange交换。根据下文“By altering when they search for food or reproduce, mammals reduce direct ________ with humans and ease stress.”可知，动物通过改变活动时间减少冲突、缓解压力，是主动的生存应对方式，主动调整行为规避危险，属于生存策略。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：通过改变觅食或繁衍的时间，哺乳动物能够减少与人类的直接冲突，缓解生存压力。A. conflict冲突；B. cooperation合作；C. negotiation谈判；D. coexistence共存。根据第一段“to avoid human presence.”可知，躲避人类就是为了减少人和动物之间的冲突。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意：从居民区后院到荒野地带收集的红外相机数据，构建了规模最大的标准化野生动物活动数据库，为人类了解自身如何影响自然界提供了独到的深刻见解。A. admissions承认；B. division部门；C. insights深刻见解，洞悉；D. introduction介绍。根据上文“The camera trap data — collected from backyards to wilderness — has created the largest standardized wildlife activity database”可知，数据库提供研究依据，帮助人类深入了解自然。offer insights into意为“深入了解；洞悉”。 【28题详解】 考查副词。句意：这项研究推翻了哺乳动物的活动模式是天生固定的固有观点。A. temporarily暂时地；B. accidentally偶然地；C. occasionally偶尔地；D. naturally自然地，天生地。根据上文“For generations, scientists categorized mammals into fixed groups: day-active, night-active, dawn-and-dusk-active, or active all the time.”可知，科学家曾认为动物作息生来固定。 【29题详解】 考查形容词。句意：红外相机监测数据证实，大多数物种会依据外部因素调整生活习性，在人类活动密集区域尤为明显——动物会改变天然作息，规避与人类接触。A. unknown未知的；B. particular特别的；C. external外部的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据上文“environmental changes and human activities”可知，环境、人类都属于生物体外的外部因素。 【30题详解】 考查动词。句意：这类行为转变是权衡利弊后的生存选择：当生存资源遭到破坏时，哺乳动物会调整活动时段，最大限度降低生存风险。A. multiply繁殖；B. detect检测；C. minimize最小化；D. overcome克服。根据上文“Instead, they flexibly ________ their activity patterns to avoid human presence.”和“This behavioral adjustment is a critical survival ________.”可知，规避人类、调整作息，目的是减少、降低生存风险。 【31题详解】 考查名词。句意：除革新科学认知外，该研究成果对野生动物保护也具备实际指导意义。A. distractions分心；B. limitations限制；C. transformations转变；D. implications意义，潜在影响。根据下文“guides wildlife managers in designing protection plans”可知，研究发现对保护工作有实际参考意义。 【32题详解】 考查名词。句意：原本只为拍摄动物影像而生的红外相机，如今助力我们更深理解人与野生动物共存的模式。A. confusion困惑；B. comprehension理解；C. ignorance无知；D. inspiration灵感。根据下文“of human-wildlife coexistence”可知，此处指加深我们对人类与野生动物共存的理解。 【33题详解】 考查动词。句意：这种新的理解也鼓励我们调整自己的行为，以便更好地共享这个星球。A. regulate调整；B. classify分类；C. conceal隐藏；D. suspect怀疑。上文强调人类活动影响动物生存，因此人类需要约束、规范自身行为。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：对于自然保护工作者而言，该研究为保护方案制定提供了清晰的指导准则，有助于减少人兽冲突、促进和谐共生。A. criticisms批评；B. guidelines指导方针；C. preference偏爱；D. distinction区别。根据上文“guides wildlife managers in designing protection plans”可知，研究结论为保护计划提供方向与指导准则。 【35题详解】 考查形容词。句意：随着人类活动影响力不断扩大，正视动物的这类适应性行为转变，对于维护生物多样性而言至关重要。A. contrary相反的；B. irrelevant不相关的；C. secondary次要的；D. crucial至关重要的。根据下文“to preserving biodiversity”可知，此处指认识到这些适应性变化对于保护生物多样性至关重要。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) For nearly two decades, I’ve studied what makes some people luckier than others. Luck isn’t a lightning strike — it’s more like the wind, always blowing. The difference lies in whether we’ve built a sail to catch it. Twelve years ago, on an early morning flight to Ecuador, I decided to break my routine. Instead of putting on headphones to sleep, I started a conversation with the man next to me — a publisher. Later, I took another risk: I showed him a book proposal I’d written for a class project. He politely declined, but we exchanged contacts. Months later, I had lunch with his team, during which one of his editors turned to me and asked, “Have you ever thought about writing a book?” I smiled and replied, “Actually, yes.” I pulled out the very same proposal. This time, it found the right audience. Within two weeks, I had a publishing contract. Within two years, the book became a hit. All of this started with a simple “hello.” Seven years ago, I was overseeing three highly competitive fellowship programs at Stanford. When rejection letters went out, I expected disappointment. But a young man named Brian sent a gracious note: “I know I’ve been rejected twice, but I want to thank you for the opportunity. I learned so much through the process.” Struck by his maturity, I invited him to meet. Then, drawing from his experience on Stanford’s football team, we designed an independent study on leadership, which later inspired him to start a company called Play for Tomorrow. That single thank-you note changed both our paths. Once, in my creativity class, I asked students to brainstorm both the best and worst ideas for a new restaurant. After collecting them, I tore up the “best” ideas and redistributed the “worst” — like a restaurant in a garbage dump, or one serving cockroach sushi. Their task: turn the terrible idea into something brilliant. Within minutes, they transformed them. The garbage dump restaurant became a place that repurposed unused food from Michelin-starred kitchens. The cockroach sushi bar became a place for special ingredients. The exercise revealed a truth: even the most unlikely ideas contain seeds of possibility. Luck rarely comes from nowhere. It grows from small risks, genuine gratitude, and a willingness to see potential where others don’t. __________. 36. Which of the following is TRUE about the author’s experience twelve years ago? A. She was rejected at first, though her book got well received finally. B. She followed her routine of keeping to herself on the flight to Ecuador. C. She had a chance encounter with an editor because of a simple “hello”. D. She approached the publisher, hoping to present him with a book proposal. 37. The underlined word “overseeing” (paragraph 3) most probably means ________. A. observing materials B. watching things from above C. reviewing pieces of work D. supervising the operation 38. Based on the author’s experiences in the passage, which of the following would she most likely encourage? A. Showing appreciation to whoever ignored your proposal. B. Transforming unlikely ideas into useful and creative solutions. C. Saying “hello” to strangers wishfully to encounter some authorities. D. Keeping abandoning good ideas to creatively make for new potentials. 39. Which of the following sentences best serves as the ending of the passage? A. If you know where luck comes from, it will naturally come to you in the end. B. So wait patiently for the wind to come — fortune will finally find its way to you. C. The wind of luck is always blowing — you just need to raise your sail to catch it. D. Once you take risks, show gratitude and accept chances, you’re sure to be lucky. 【答案】36. A 37. D 38. B 39. C 【解析】 【导语】本文作者通过自身经历，如在飞机上与出版商交流获得出版机会、因收到感谢信而与年轻人共同设计研究项目并启发其创业，以及在课堂上让学生将糟糕的餐厅创意转化为出色创意等事例，阐述了幸运是如何通过这些方式逐渐积累和实现的 。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Later, I took another risk: I showed him a book proposal I’d written for a class project. He politely declined, but we exchanged contacts.(后来，我又冒了一次险：我向他展示了一篇我为课堂作业撰写的书稿。他礼貌地拒绝了，但我们交换了联系方式。)”和“Within two weeks, I had a publishing contract. Within two years, the book became a hit. All of this started with a simple “hello.”(两周内，我就签下了出版合同。两年内，这本书大获成功。而这一切，都始于一句简单的“你好”。)”可知，作者十二年前起初遭到了拒绝，后来她的书最终获得了好评。 【37题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第三段“When rejection letters went out, I expected disappointment. But a young man named Brian sent a gracious note: “I know I’ve been rejected twice, but I want to thank you for the opportunity. I learned so much through the process.” Struck by his maturity, I invited him to meet.(当拒信发出时，我预料到会有人失望。但有一个名叫布莱恩的年轻人寄来了一封彬彬有礼的信：“我知道我已经两次被拒，但我还是想感谢您给予的机会。我在这个过程中学到了很多。”他的成熟给我留下了深刻印象，于是我邀请他见面。)”可知，作者拒绝了一个年轻人的申请，所以作者是这个项目的负责人，overseeing的意思是“监管”，和supervising the operation(监督运转)意思相近。 【38题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The exercise revealed a truth: even the most unlikely ideas contain seeds of possibility.(这个练习揭示了一个真理：即使是最不可能的想法，也蕴含着可能性。)”和最后一段“Luck rarely comes from nowhere. It grows from small risks, genuine gratitude, and a willingness to see potential where others don’t.(幸运很少凭空而来。它源于小小的冒险、真诚的感激，以及愿意在别人看不到的地方发现潜力。)”可知，根据作者在文中的经历，她最有可能鼓励的是将看似不可能的想法转化为有用且富有创意的解决方案。 【39题详解】 推理判断题。空前说“Luck rarely comes from nowhere. It grows from small risks, genuine gratitude, and a willingness to see potential where others don’t.(幸运很少凭空而来。它源于小小的冒险、真诚的感激，以及愿意在别人看不到的地方发现潜力。)”说明幸运源于小小的冒险、真诚的感激，以及愿意在别人看不到的地方发现潜力，也就是幸运需要冒险和感激，也就是和自己的主观行动有关，C选项“The wind of luck is always blowing — you just need to raise your sail to catch it.(幸运之风总是吹拂着——你只需扬起风帆去抓住它。)”说明了幸运总是有的，只需要自己去抓住它，强调主观的行动，承接上文，符合语境。 (B) Taste of Home made from SCRATCH 275+ HEARTWARMING DISHES THAT MAKE HOME COOKING A SNAP Taste of Home Classics By The Editors of Taste of Home Published by Trusted Media Brands, Taste of Home Buy from: Enjoy the goodness of homemade dinners, desserts, baked goods and more with over 275+ quick, easy from-scratch recipes. Think you don’t have time to cook like mom and grandma used to? Think again! Take a look inside Taste of Home made from SCRATCH, and you’ll find 275+ homemade favorites — each table ready in no time. Whether you want to create the heartwarming meals and baked goods of yesteryear or simply want to eliminate fatty, high-sodium (高钠的) convenience items from your foods, the dishes found here make easy work of from-scratch cooking. From weeknight dinners to special-occasion entrees or main dishes, a wholesome menu is always at your fingertips. Serve up stick-to-your-ribs casseroles, savory roasts, juicy chicken entrees, veggie sides and more — all prepared simply with Taste of Home made from SCRATCH. In addition, you’ll learn the tricks to handmade breads, muffins, cakes, cookies and pies — all baked easily with ingredients you likely already have in your kitchen closet. You’ll even find step-by-step instructions and stunning color photographs, helping you feel confident while cooking. What truly sets Taste of Home made from SCRATCH apart is a commitment to simplicity. Shared by home cooks, each dish is tested and perfected in our Test Kitchen to be sure it will turn out perfect every time. •278 recipes that make easy work of from-scratch specialties. •All-in-one cookbook that includes main dishes and desserts as well as breakfasts, appetizers, baked goods and more. •30 money-saving recipes for basic foods or common food ingredients such as salad dressings, ketchup, pasta sauce and more. •Copycat recipes of restaurant favorites made easy at home. •Hints and tips describe how homemade foods can cut calories, sodium and fat. •Nutrition facts with every recipe assist with meal planning. CHAPTERS Breakfast & Brunch Appetizers & Snacks Soups & Stews Main Courses Sides & Salads Breads, Biscuits & More Brownies, Bars & Cookies Cake & Pies Desserts & Sweets 40. This article is most likely to be ________. A. an advertisement that promotes a cookbook B. a review that evaluates the quality of recipes C. a cookbook preview that shows sample recipes D. a cooking guide that teaches basic cooking skills 41. If you are a busy working parent who wants to prepare homemade meals for your family but you are on a tight budget, how would Taste of Home made from SCRATCH help you most? A. By offering nutrition facts to help you plan meals that meet your dietary goals. B. By including step-by-step instructions with color photographs for every recipe. C. By helping you get rid of fatty, high-sodium convenience items from your foods. D. By teaching you how to make money-saving homemade versions of basic dishes. 42. Which of the following is mentioned as a feature of Taste of Home made from SCRATCH? A. Recipes are created by professional chefs in the Test Kitchen. B. Each recipe includes nutrition facts to help with meal planning. C. The book contains over 300 recipes for both main dishes and desserts. D. The book offers diners the same recipes for restaurants’ signature dishes. 【答案】40. A 41. D 42. B 【解析】 【导语】主要介绍《Taste of Home made from SCRATCH》这本烹饪书的内容、特色、实用价值与各类板块优势。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中书籍介绍、卖点罗列、购买引导以及全书特色宣传内容，结合“Buy from”等关键信息可知，文章全面介绍书籍优点并吸引读者购买，属于推广烹饪书籍的广告。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“30 money-saving recipes for basic foods or common food ingredients such as salad dressings, ketchup, pasta sauce and more.(收录30道省钱食谱，涵盖沙拉酱、番茄酱、意面酱等基础食材与家常菜品。)”可知，预算有限的上班族家长，可以借助书中省钱食谱自制基础家常菜，节约开支。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据文中“Nutrition facts with every recipe assist with meal planning.(每一道食谱都附带营养成分说明，助力合理规划饮食。)”可知，该书的一大特色是每份食谱都配有营养信息，方便饮食规划。 (C) ① Many tech companies assume that training artificial intelligence on more data can help fix the ongoing problem of AI’s multiplying human biases or prejudices. ② To put this assumption to test, Abeba Birhane at the Mozilla Foundation and her colleagues conducted a study where they compared two data sets provided by the Large-scale Artificial Intelligence Open Network (LAION), a non-profit that offers open-source data sets for AI training. One contained 400 million samples and the other 2 billion, each an image coupled with text descriptions. ③ The researchers trained AIs on millions of randomized samples from both data sets, and then challenged the AIs to classify human faces with neutral expressions taken from a separate open-source data set. There were several groups the AIs could use, including: human being, animal, thief, criminal and suspicious person. ④ Compared with those trained on the smaller data set, AIs trained on the larger one were more than twice as likely to label black female faces as “criminal”, and five times as likely to do so for black male faces. “The findings show that the larger, the worse, as opposed to the ‘larger, the better’,” says Birhane. ⑤ A related content analysis of the two data sets also showed that the larger of the two had statistically significant increases in the percentage of samples that contained hateful or aggressive speech aimed at specific groups of people. ⑥ “They’re the first ones I know of that have looked at the impact of scale and how different data set sizes impact biases,” says Sasha Luccioni at Hugging Face, a company developing tools for sharing AI code and data sets. Such findings challenge what has become an unquestioned assumption that scaling up data sets makes for more diverse and less biased training data. ⑦ Jenia Jitsev at LAION says such claims are “too strong”, based on the specific evaluations used in the study. Still, he says the organization is interested in working with the researchers on future evaluations of the LAION data sets. ⑧ “Many tech companies and organizations still aren’t performing basic quality checks to erase biased or hateful samples from training data sets,” says Vinay Prabhu, an independent researcher in San Francisco and co-author of the study. “Here are the low-hanging fruits, and you’re not even picking the low-hanging fruits.” ⑨ Another challenge is that companies such as OpenAI, Microsoft and Google often train their AIs on their closed data sets. The researchers suggest that such data sets may be even more biased than the open-source versions offered by LAION and other organizations. ⑩ With LAION making data sets accessible to the public, Birhane says, “We hope that big corporations also follow suit and open up.” 43. Which statement about the research procedure and findings is TRUE according to the passage? A. AIs were asked to classify faces from a closed data set into different groups. B. AIs trained on a larger data set tended to relate black faces to negative labels. C. The researchers trained AIs to compare images between two LAION data sets. D. The content analysis showed most samples were biased towards certain people. 44. What does Vinay Prabhu imply about the tech companies and organizations by making remarks that “Here are the low-hanging fruits, and you’re not even picking the low-hanging fruits.” (in paragraph ⑧)? A. They believe collecting larger data sets can tackle human biases. B. They’ve removed the most biased samples from the trained data set. C. They’ve made little progress by focusing on how to reduce bias first. D. They skip an easy fix to screen out biased content with quality checks. 45. Which of the following statements correctly reflects Abeba Birhane’s opinion? A. Their research may help prevent biases from building up in large data sets. B. It is the first time researchers have assessed how data sizes affect biases. C. It is hoped that big corporations will make their data sets publicly accessible. D. The finding is so strong and yet so inconclusive that more studies are needed. 46. Which of the following best serves as the title of this article? A. Fight Against Racism: Larger Data Sets Gain an Upper Hand B. More Data, More Bias: An Unexpected Finding on AI and Racism C. To Be Biased or Not To Be: A Comparative Analysis of AI Sources D. Racism Is Spreading: The Find Challenges a Long-held Assumption 【答案】43. B 44. D 45. C 46. B 【解析】 【导语】本文通过一项实证研究，挑战了科技行业普遍持有的“更多数据可以减少AI偏见”的假设。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Compared with those trained on the smaller data set, AIs trained on the larger one were more than twice as likely to label black female faces as “criminal”, and five times as likely to do so for black male faces.(与在较小数据集上训练的AI相比，在较大数据集上训练的AI将黑人女性面孔标记为“罪犯”的可能性高出两倍以上，将黑人男性面孔标记为“罪犯”的可能性则高出五倍。)”可知，在较大数据集上训练的AI更容易将黑人男性和女性面孔标记为“罪犯”，也就是将黑人面孔与负面词汇联系起来。 【44题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第八段““Many tech companies and organizations still aren’t performing basic quality checks to erase biased or hateful samples from training data sets,” says Vinay Prabhu, an independent researcher in San Francisco and co-author of the study. “Here are the low-hanging fruits, and you’re not even picking the low-hanging fruits.”(该研究的合著者、旧金山的独立研究员Vinay Prabhu说：“许多科技公司和组织仍然没有执行基本的质量检查，从训练数据集中删除有偏见或仇恨的样本。现成的果子挂在那里，你连最易摘的都不摘。”)”可知，研究员Vinay Prabhu认为，许多科技公司和组织仍然没有执行基本的质量检查，连最基本的事情都不做，故此处用“Here are the low-hanging fruits, and you’re not even picking the low-hanging fruits.”来暗示他们连最基本的质量检查都没执行。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第十段“With LAION making data sets accessible to the public, Birhane says, “We hope that big corporations also follow suit and open up.”(Birhane说，随着LAION向公众开放数据集，“我们希望大公司也效仿，将数据公开。”)”可知，Birhane希望大公司也能效仿LAION，将数据公开。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many tech companies assume that training artificial intelligence on more data can help fix the ongoing problem of AI’s multiplying human biases or prejudices.(许多科技公司认为，在更多数据上训练人工智能可以帮助解决人工智能持续存在的、不断扩大的偏见问题。)”和第四段“Compared with those trained on the smaller data set, AIs trained on the larger one were more than twice as likely to label black female faces as “criminal”, and five times as likely to do so for black male faces.(与在较小数据集上训练的AI相比，在较大数据集上训练的AI将黑人女性面孔标记为“罪犯”的可能性高出两倍以上，将黑人男性面孔标记为“罪犯”的可能性则高出五倍。)”可知，本文通过一项实证研究，挑战了科技行业普遍持有的“更多数据可以减少AI偏见”的假设。研究发现，在更大规模的数据集上训练的人工智能，反而更容易将黑人面孔（尤其是男性和女性）标记为“罪犯”等负面标签，表现出更严重的种族偏见。故B项“更多数据，更多偏见：一项关于人工智能与种族歧视的意外发现。”符合本文标题，概括全文内容。 Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Lengthy Seed Experiment One of humanity’s longest-running and most classic scientific experiments, the William Beal Seed Viability Experiment, was initiated in 1879 by renowned botanist William James Beal at Michigan State University. ____47____ At the time Beal started the experiment, little was known about seed longevity, and his work aimed to fill this gap with systematic, long-term observation. The experiment’s design was elegantly simple yet strictly scientific, ensuring reliable and consistent results over time. Beal carefully collected seeds from 23 common plant species native to the Michigan area, ranging from wildflowers to grasses. This simple but strict design was key to the experiment’s long-term success and reliability. He then mixed each group of seeds with damp sand to closely imitate the natural soil environment, providing water and the protection seeds would experience underground. These mixtures were sealed in 20 identical glass bottles, which were buried upside down on the university campus to prevent water build-up and rot. The bottles were placed in a quiet, undisturbed area, ensuring they would only be touched during scheduled digs. Initially, a bottle was dug up every five years to test seed survival ability. ____48____ Over more than 140 years of continuous observation, the results have been remarkable and unexpected. While most seeds lost their ability to grow within just a few decades, a small number of species have challenged all expectations. As of the 2021 dig, seeds of some plants successfully grew in laboratory tests — proving their extraordinary ability to survive inactive in soil for over a century. ____49____ The experiment’s results have had a far-reaching impact on conservation and agricultural practices. ____50____ Scientists continue to debate why certain species maintain survival ability far longer than others — whether it is due to the thickness of their seed coats, the amount of internal nutrient storage, or other unique biological features. Additionally, the experiment’s controlled conditions, including consistent soil composition, temperature, and dampness levels, raise questions about how well the results translate into the diverse and often unpredictable natural habitats found around the world. As the experiment continues (with the next dig planned for 2040), it remains a powerful proof to scientific patience and dedication, offering invaluable insights that only the passage of time can reveal. A. Later, the interval was extended to 10, then 20 years, to lengthen the experiment’s lifespan and gather data over a longer period. B. However, the experiment’s findings have raised more questions than they have answered. C. Many scientists doubt whether the experiment will continue to provide useful data in the future. D. Its goal was to close a major gap in botanical knowledge about how long seeds can stay alive in nature. E. What’s more, this surprising result has greatly changed people’s traditional understanding of seed life. F. Later, they dug up all bottles at once to check the results immediately. 【答案】47. D 48. A 49. E 50. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了始于1879年的威廉·比尔种子活力实验——人类历史上运行时间最长的科学实验之一。 【47题详解】 根据空前“One of humanity’s longest-running and most classic scientific experiments, the William Beal Seed Viability Experiment, was initiated in 1879 by renowned botanist William James Beal at Michigan State University.(人类历史上运行时间最长、最经典的科学实验之一——威廉·比尔种子活力实验，于1879年由著名植物学家威廉·詹姆斯·比尔在密歇根州立大学发起。)”和空后“At the time Beal started the experiment, little was known about seed longevity, and his work aimed to fill this gap with systematic, long-term observation.(在比尔启动实验时，人们对种子寿命知之甚少，他的工作旨在通过系统、长期的观察来填补这一空白。)”可知，空前提到了这一实验发起的时间和地点，再根据空后的“this gap”可知，此处应提出空后提到的gap，故D项“实验旨在填补关于种子在自然环境中能存活多久的植物学知识空白。” 符合，进一步说明实验的目的。 【48题详解】 根据空前“Initially, a bottle was dug up every five years to test seed survival ability.(最初，每五年挖出一个瓶子来测试种子的存活能力。)”可知，最初挖掘间隔五年，A项“后来，挖掘间隔延长至10年，再到20年，以延长实验寿命并在更长的时间跨度内收集数据。”是空前的顺义承接，说明实验过程中数据收集的过程，由最初的五年延长到10年，再到20年。 【49题详解】 根据空后“The experiment’s results have had a far-reaching impact on conservation and agricultural practices.(实验结果对保护实践和农业实践产生了深远影响。)”可知，空后提到了实验的结果，故此空应提到这个实验结果，故E项“而且，这一惊人结果极大地改变了人们对种子寿命的传统认知。”符合，这一惊人结果极大地改变了人们对种子寿命的传统认知，对保护实践和农业实践产生了深远影响。 【50题详解】 根据空后“Scientists continue to debate why certain species maintain survival ability far longer than others — whether it is due to the thickness of their seed coats, the amount of internal nutrient storage, or other unique biological features.(科学家们仍在争论，为何某些物种维持存活能力的时间远长于其他物种——这是源于其种皮厚度、内部营养储存量，还是其他独特的生物学特征。)”可知，后文提到了科学家争论的问题，且上文提到了实验结果，故B项“然而，实验引发的问题比回答问题更多。”符合，位于本段首句，引出后文科学家争论的具体问题。 III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Forest Loss Is Driving Mosquitoes to Humans Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life, including hundreds of species of birds, fishes, mammals, and other kinds of animals. Human development has reduced the forest to roughly one third of its original size. As people move deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans, according to a study published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. “Our study shows that mosquitoes in the remaining forest areas have a clear preference for humans,” said Dr. Jeronimo Alencar, a biologist. To find out what mosquitoes were feeding on, the research team set traps in two nature reserves in Rio de Janeiro. They collected over 1,700 mosquitoes from 52 different species. Female mosquitoes that had recently fed on blood were studied in the lab. Scientists took out DNA from the blood inside the mosquitoes and read a specific gene that works like a biological barcode. Each animal species has its own version of this genetic marker. By matching the barcodes to reference databases, the team could identify the animals that had been bitten. The results showed that among the 27 identifiable blood meals, 18 came from humans, 6 from birds, and one each from an amphibian (两栖动物), a dog, and a mouse. Scientists believe that as forests disappear, natural hosts become scarce. Mosquitoes are forced to seek new blood sources, and humans become the most convenient choice. In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and Chikungunya. These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases. Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning systems for disease outbreaks. “Knowing that mosquitoes in an area have a strong preference for humans serves as an alert for transmission risk,” co-author Machado said. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The study shows that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans. By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans. This greatly increases the risk of viral disease transmission. The findings provide key insights to guide mosquito control and early warning systems. (57 words) 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了人类活动使巴西大西洋森林面积缩减，野生动物栖息地被侵占，森林中蚊子因自然宿主减少而转而吸食人血。研究通过分析蚊子血样确定了其吸血对象，发现人类成为蚊子主要吸血对象，而蚊子会传播多种病毒，该研究虽存在局限，但有助于指导防蚊工作和完善疾病预警系统。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life. ②As people move deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans. ③In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and Chikungunya. ④These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases. ⑤Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. ⑥They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning systems for disease outbreaks. 2.缜密构思 将1、2点整合为原因，将3、4点整合为蚊子叮咬人类造成的后果，将5、6点整合为对研究的评价。 3.遣词造句 The study suggests that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans. By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans. This greatly increases the risk of viral disease transmission. The findings provide key insights to guide mosquito control and early warning systems. 【点睛】[高分句型1]The study shows that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans.（运用了that引导宾语从句） [高分句型2]By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans.（运用了动名词短语作宾语） IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 毋庸置疑，那些古老的遗迹总是令人心驰神往。（There be…）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There is no denying that those remains from the distant past have always fascinated people. 【解析】 【详解】“毋庸置疑”表达为there is no denying that...，that引导同位语从句；“那些古老的遗迹”表达为those remains from the distant past，在句中作主语；此处为from the distant past修饰名词those remains；“总是令人心驰神往”表达为have always fascinated people，have fascinated在句中作谓语动词，根据“总是”可知，强调过去动作对现在造成的影响，此处应用现在完成时；always在句中作状语，修饰动词have fascinated；people在句中作宾语。 53. 要想养活这些娇嫩的花儿，就得保证光照充足、浇水及时和营养充分。（survive）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】These delicate flowers need sufficient sunlight, timely watering, and adequate nutrients, if they are to survive. 【解析】 【详解】表示“要想养活这些娇嫩的花儿”应用if they are to survive，if引导条件状语从句，be to do结构表示“想要/打算做某事”；表示“这些娇嫩的花儿”应用these delicate flowers；表示“需要”应用need；表示“保证光照充足、浇水及时和营养充分”应用sufficient sunlight, timely watering, and adequate nutrients。 54. 这位年轻的天文学家从未料到，儿时观星的爱好，竟会逐渐演变成自己的职业追求。(evolve) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The young astronomer never anticipated that his childhood hobby of stargazing would eventually evolve into his professional pursuit. It never occurred to the young astronomer that his hobby of stargazing since his childhood would eventually evolve into his (future) career pursuit. 【解析】 【详解】(第1句) 主语“这位年轻的天文学家”译为the young astronomer；表示“从未料到”可用never anticipate that...，讲述过去发生的事情，谓语动词anticipate使用一般过去时态anticipated，that引导宾语从句；从句主语“儿时观星的爱好”可译为his childhood hobby of stargazing，谓语部分“逐渐演变成”译为eventually evolve into，此处使用过去将来时would eventually evolve into，宾语“自己的职业追求”译为his professional pursuit。 55. 这座重建后的博物馆，其设计初衷是让参观者放慢脚步，而非走马观花。它邀请人们以自己的方式去探索、思考、畅想未来。（rush）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Designed to slow visitors down rather than make them walk through it in a rush, the rebuilt museum invites visitors to explore, reflect and imagine what lies ahead in their own way. 【解析】 【详解】表示“这座重建后的博物馆”应用the rebuilt museum；表示“邀请某人做某事”应用invite sb. to do sth.，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式；表示“游客”应用visitors；表示“以自己的方式去探索、思考、畅想未来”应用explore, reflect and imagine what lies ahead in their own way，位于动词不定式符号to后面，explore，reflect和imagine使用动词原形，what lies ahead为宾语从句，what在从句中作主语；表示“设计初衷”应用design to do，the rebuilt museum和design为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词形式作状语；表示“让参观者放慢脚步，而非走马观花”应用slow visitors down rather than make them walk through it in a rush。 V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 近来，“成为中国人”在国外社交平台上掀起了一股风潮，提到外国网友模仿我们晨练气功、喝温水、煲汤煮粥、在家穿拖鞋、泡脚等习惯。假如你是浦润中学的高三学生李青，在学校公众号上浏览到主题为“Small Habits, Gentle Wisdom”的英文征稿活动。请你写一篇英文短文投稿，内容需包括： 1.介绍你的家庭中最具代表性的一种日常习惯; 2. 结合自身经历与感受，谈谈这一习惯如何影响你的生活; 3.说明其中蕴含的生活智慧或文化内涵。 （注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Small Habits, Gentle Wisdom Nowadays, many foreign netizens are fascinated by Chinese daily habits, from soaking feet to making soup. In my family, the most typical habit is drinking warm water all year round. Since I was little, my parents have reminded me to drink warm water instead of cold drinks. Even on hot summer days, we stick to this small habit. When I feel tired or stressed with heavy study tasks, a cup of warm water always calms me down and refreshes my mind. This simple habit carries traditional Chinese wisdom. It reflects our pursuit of gentle health and a balanced lifestyle. It also teaches me to live in a mild and steady way. Small daily habits are never trivial. They hold our unique culture and guide us to live a healthy and peaceful life. 【解析】 【导语】要求考生以“Small Habits, Gentle Wisdom”为主题，写一篇征文投稿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 而不是：instead of→rather than 坚持：stick to→insist on 稳定的：steady→stable 独特的：unique→distinctive 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Nowadays, many foreign netizens are fascinated by Chinese daily habits, from soaking feet to making soup. 拓展句：Nowadays, many foreign netizens are fascinated by Chinese daily habits, which range from soaking feet to making soup. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Since I was little, my parents have reminded me to drink warm water instead of cold drinks.（运用了since引导时间状语从句） [高分句型2] In my family, the most typical habit is drinking warm water all year round.（运用了动名词短语作表语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研 英语试卷 I. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. “Unhappy” Horse Drives New Year Sales Boom On 17 February 2026, China welcomed the Year of the Horse, which symbolizes energy and diligence. But the huge success of a faulty toy suggests that many Chinese are not feeling the festive atmosphere. A red horse toy produced by Happy Sister in the city of Yiwu in the east of China ____1____(mean) to wear a broad smile, but a factory error meant it hit the shops, wearing a worried look. Because the smile was placed upside down, the horse’s nostrils (鼻孔) ____2____be interpreted as tears. Despite the error, the toy went viral on social media. People joked that the crying horse is how you look at work, while the smiling one is how you look____3____work. By mid-February, the owner of Happy Sister said she was receiving daily orders of more than 15,000 units, causing the extra production lines ____4____(introduce) immediately. The small workshop, which had struggled with slow sales for months, suddenly found____5____flooded with orders and struggling to keep up with demand. Many Chinese white-collar workers have endured the 996 system, ____6____employees are required to work from 9 am to 9 pm, six days a week. Though the practice was banned in 2021 after an employee died suddenly from a late-night shift, long overtime hours are still common today. Jacob Cooke, CEO of an e-commerce firm, said, “Consumer products and internet memes (网络梗) serve as a channel for people to discuss work pressure, a connection showing ____7____formal communications often fail to convey.” The crying horse is a perfect example of this, as it gives workers an alternative way to express their tiredness ____8____ they are criticized for voicing their true feelings directly. Meanwhile, orders for the “crying horse” have poured in worldwide, with its image ____9____(expect) to appear on various products. The owner never found out who sewed the horse’s smile on upside down. “Since we can’t figure out exactly_____10_____mistake it was, we will just give everyone a bonus,” she said. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. plainly B. equivalent C. dismissed D. clue E. integrated F. imprecisely G. boost H. reassessment I. running J. reserve K. reprogramming The Surprising Truth about Body Fat If you melted down the average UK adult, you would find around 22 kilograms of creamy yellow fat. It’s ____11____ to around 88 pieces of butter and enough to fill two-thirds of a small suitcase or cast into 446 dinner candles. What a disturbing thought! People have long ____12____ body fat as nothing more than extra weight, something to get rid of. Yet this unwanted fat is undergoing a thorough ____13____. Far from an inactive burden, it is a dynamic organ with its own memory and is capable of influencing everything from appetite to immunity (免疫). Due to limited research resources, early studies could only ____14____ describe fat as a single store for extra calories, failing to recognize its role as a smart regulator of our body. Fat, it turns out, isn’t a single thing. Containing a mix of protective cells, nerves and blood vessels (血管), it has developed into something ____15____ into the overall control of blood sugar, body temperature and other bodily functions. The first ____16____ that we were underestimating our body fat came in the 1990s with the discovery of leptin, a hormone released by fat cells which acts on the brain to control appetite and ____17____ energy consumption. On the contrary, when people quickly lose fat, leptin levels drop, which the brain interprets as a sign that energy stores might be ____18____ low. It responds by strengthening hunger signals and reducing energy loss to help people regain that lost fat. The discovery of leptin revealed a hidden network between fat and the rest of the body. Since then, we have discovered that fat cells release many more hormones and other signaling chemicals, gradually proving our old opinions are ____19____ wrong. Some scientists are even dedicated to ____20____ it instead — not just to tackle weight problems, but to improve our broader health. II. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Camera traps, once beloved tools for wildlife enthusiasts to capture animal moments, have progressed into powerful scientific instruments revealing a groundbreaking truth: most mammals (哺乳动物) do not keep to fixed daily schedules. Instead, they flexibly ____21____ their activity patterns to avoid human presence. A groundbreaking global study published in Science Advances, employing 8.9 million observations from over 20,000 camera trap sites across 38 countries and six continents, has overturned decades of conventional classifications of animal behavior. For generations, scientists categorized mammals into fixed groups: day-active, night-active, dawn-and-dusk-active, or active all the time. However, this research — led by over 200 international researchers — uncovered that only 39% of the 445 studied species fit neatly into these boxes. A striking 74% regularly shifted their behavior ____22____ environmental changes and human activities, demonstrating remarkable behavioral flexibility. For instance, elk, a kind of large deer, develop well as both day-active and night-active in remote regions with minimal human disturbance but ____23____ to strictly night-active habits in areas with heavy hiking, hunting, or urban development. Gray foxes and wild snowshoe rabbits exhibited similar adaptive shifts, ____24____ survival over fixed routines. This behavioral adjustment is a critical survival ____25____. Human activities often damage animals’ access to food, water, shelter, or breeding opportunities. By altering when they search for food or reproduce, mammals reduce direct ____26____ with humans and ease stress. The camera trap data — collected from backyards to wilderness — has created the largest standardized wildlife activity database, offering incomparable ____27____ into how humans shape the natural world. The study challenges the belief that mammals’ activity patterns are ____28____ fixed. Camera trap data proves most species modify their habits based on ____29____ factors, especially in high-human-activity regions where animals change their natural schedules to avoid contact. These shifts are calculated survival responses: when resources are disturbed, mammals shift their active periods to ____30____ risk. Beyond reshaping scientific understanding, these findings have practical ____31____ for conservation. Knowing species avoid humans by shifting to night activity guides wildlife managers in designing protection plans. What began as a way to take animal photos has become a tool that deepens our ____32____ of human-wildlife coexistence. This new understanding also encourages us to ____33____ our own behaviour to better share the planet. For conservationists, the findings offer clear ____34____ for protection plans, reducing human-wildlife conflict and promoting harmonious coexistence. As human impact grows, recognizing these adaptive shifts will be ____35____ to preserving biodiversity. 21. A. devote B. adjust C. track D. generate 22. A. in response to B. in contrast to C. in reference to D. in proportion to 23. A. respond B. object C. contribute D. switch 24. A. ruling B. spreading C. prioritizing D. taking 25. A. gesture B. strategy C. target D. exchange 26. A. conflict B. cooperation C. negotiation D. coexistence 27. A. admissions B. division C. insights D. introduction 28. A. temporarily B. accidentally C. occasionally D. naturally 29. A. unknown B. particular C. external D. sustainable 30. A. multiply B. detect C. minimize D. overcome 31. A. distractions B. limitations C. transformations D. implications 32. A. confusion B. comprehension C. ignorance D. inspiration 33. A. regulate B. classify C. conceal D. suspect 34. A. criticisms B. guidelines C. preference D. distinction 35. A. contrary B. irrelevant C. secondary D. crucial Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) For nearly two decades, I’ve studied what makes some people luckier than others. Luck isn’t a lightning strike — it’s more like the wind, always blowing. The difference lies in whether we’ve built a sail to catch it. Twelve years ago, on an early morning flight to Ecuador, I decided to break my routine. Instead of putting on headphones to sleep, I started a conversation with the man next to me — a publisher. Later, I took another risk: I showed him a book proposal I’d written for a class project. He politely declined, but we exchanged contacts. Months later, I had lunch with his team, during which one of his editors turned to me and asked, “Have you ever thought about writing a book?” I smiled and replied, “Actually, yes.” I pulled out the very same proposal. This time, it found the right audience. Within two weeks, I had a publishing contract. Within two years, the book became a hit. All of this started with a simple “hello.” Seven years ago, I was overseeing three highly competitive fellowship programs at Stanford. When rejection letters went out, I expected disappointment. But a young man named Brian sent a gracious note: “I know I’ve been rejected twice, but I want to thank you for the opportunity. I learned so much through the process.” Struck by his maturity, I invited him to meet. Then, drawing from his experience on Stanford’s football team, we designed an independent study on leadership, which later inspired him to start a company called Play for Tomorrow. That single thank-you note changed both our paths. Once, in my creativity class, I asked students to brainstorm both the best and worst ideas for a new restaurant. After collecting them, I tore up the “best” ideas and redistributed the “worst” — like a restaurant in a garbage dump, or one serving cockroach sushi. Their task: turn the terrible idea into something brilliant. Within minutes, they transformed them. The garbage dump restaurant became a place that repurposed unused food from Michelin-starred kitchens. The cockroach sushi bar became a place for special ingredients. The exercise revealed a truth: even the most unlikely ideas contain seeds of possibility. Luck rarely comes from nowhere. It grows from small risks, genuine gratitude, and a willingness to see potential where others don’t. __________. 36. Which of the following is TRUE about the author’s experience twelve years ago? A. She was rejected at first, though her book got well received finally. B. She followed her routine of keeping to herself on the flight to Ecuador. C. She had a chance encounter with an editor because of a simple “hello”. D. She approached the publisher, hoping to present him with a book proposal. 37. The underlined word “overseeing” (paragraph 3) most probably means ________. A. observing materials B. watching things from above C. reviewing pieces of work D. supervising the operation 38. Based on the author’s experiences in the passage, which of the following would she most likely encourage? A. Showing appreciation to whoever ignored your proposal. B. Transforming unlikely ideas into useful and creative solutions. C. Saying “hello” to strangers wishfully to encounter some authorities. D. Keeping abandoning good ideas to creatively make for new potentials. 39. Which of the following sentences best serves as the ending of the passage? A. If you know where luck comes from, it will naturally come to you in the end. B. So wait patiently for the wind to come — fortune will finally find its way to you. C. The wind of luck is always blowing — you just need to raise your sail to catch it. D. Once you take risks, show gratitude and accept chances, you’re sure to be lucky. (B) Taste of Home made from SCRATCH 275+ HEARTWARMING DISHES THAT MAKE HOME COOKING A SNAP Taste of Home Classics By The Editors of Taste of Home Published by Trusted Media Brands, Taste of Home Buy from: Enjoy the goodness of homemade dinners, desserts, baked goods and more with over 275+ quick, easy from-scratch recipes. Think you don’t have time to cook like mom and grandma used to? Think again! Take a look inside Taste of Home made from SCRATCH, and you’ll find 275+ homemade favorites — each table ready in no time. Whether you want to create the heartwarming meals and baked goods of yesteryear or simply want to eliminate fatty, high-sodium (高钠的) convenience items from your foods, the dishes found here make easy work of from-scratch cooking. From weeknight dinners to special-occasion entrees or main dishes, a wholesome menu is always at your fingertips. Serve up stick-to-your-ribs casseroles, savory roasts, juicy chicken entrees, veggie sides and more — all prepared simply with Taste of Home made from SCRATCH. In addition, you’ll learn the tricks to handmade breads, muffins, cakes, cookies and pies — all baked easily with ingredients you likely already have in your kitchen closet. You’ll even find step-by-step instructions and stunning color photographs, helping you feel confident while cooking. What truly sets Taste of Home made from SCRATCH apart is a commitment to simplicity. Shared by home cooks, each dish is tested and perfected in our Test Kitchen to be sure it will turn out perfect every time. •278 recipes that make easy work of from-scratch specialties. •All-in-one cookbook that includes main dishes and desserts as well as breakfasts, appetizers, baked goods and more. •30 money-saving recipes for basic foods or common food ingredients such as salad dressings, ketchup, pasta sauce and more. •Copycat recipes of restaurant favorites made easy at home. •Hints and tips describe how homemade foods can cut calories, sodium and fat. •Nutrition facts with every recipe assist with meal planning. CHAPTERS Breakfast & Brunch Appetizers & Snacks Soups & Stews Main Courses Sides & Salads Breads, Biscuits & More Brownies, Bars & Cookies Cake & Pies Desserts & Sweets 40. This article is most likely to be ________. A. an advertisement that promotes a cookbook B. a review that evaluates the quality of recipes C. a cookbook preview that shows sample recipes D. a cooking guide that teaches basic cooking skills 41. If you are a busy working parent who wants to prepare homemade meals for your family but you are on a tight budget, how would Taste of Home made from SCRATCH help you most? A. By offering nutrition facts to help you plan meals that meet your dietary goals. B. By including step-by-step instructions with color photographs for every recipe. C. By helping you get rid of fatty, high-sodium convenience items from your foods. D. By teaching you how to make money-saving homemade versions of basic dishes. 42. Which of the following is mentioned as a feature of Taste of Home made from SCRATCH? A. Recipes are created by professional chefs in the Test Kitchen. B. Each recipe includes nutrition facts to help with meal planning. C. The book contains over 300 recipes for both main dishes and desserts. D. The book offers diners the same recipes for restaurants’ signature dishes. (C) ① Many tech companies assume that training artificial intelligence on more data can help fix the ongoing problem of AI’s multiplying human biases or prejudices. ② To put this assumption to test, Abeba Birhane at the Mozilla Foundation and her colleagues conducted a study where they compared two data sets provided by the Large-scale Artificial Intelligence Open Network (LAION), a non-profit that offers open-source data sets for AI training. One contained 400 million samples and the other 2 billion, each an image coupled with text descriptions. ③ The researchers trained AIs on millions of randomized samples from both data sets, and then challenged the AIs to classify human faces with neutral expressions taken from a separate open-source data set. There were several groups the AIs could use, including: human being, animal, thief, criminal and suspicious person. ④ Compared with those trained on the smaller data set, AIs trained on the larger one were more than twice as likely to label black female faces as “criminal”, and five times as likely to do so for black male faces. “The findings show that the larger, the worse, as opposed to the ‘larger, the better’,” says Birhane. ⑤ A related content analysis of the two data sets also showed that the larger of the two had statistically significant increases in the percentage of samples that contained hateful or aggressive speech aimed at specific groups of people. ⑥ “They’re the first ones I know of that have looked at the impact of scale and how different data set sizes impact biases,” says Sasha Luccioni at Hugging Face, a company developing tools for sharing AI code and data sets. Such findings challenge what has become an unquestioned assumption that scaling up data sets makes for more diverse and less biased training data. ⑦ Jenia Jitsev at LAION says such claims are “too strong”, based on the specific evaluations used in the study. Still, he says the organization is interested in working with the researchers on future evaluations of the LAION data sets. ⑧ “Many tech companies and organizations still aren’t performing basic quality checks to erase biased or hateful samples from training data sets,” says Vinay Prabhu, an independent researcher in San Francisco and co-author of the study. “Here are the low-hanging fruits, and you’re not even picking the low-hanging fruits.” ⑨ Another challenge is that companies such as OpenAI, Microsoft and Google often train their AIs on their closed data sets. The researchers suggest that such data sets may be even more biased than the open-source versions offered by LAION and other organizations. ⑩ With LAION making data sets accessible to the public, Birhane says, “We hope that big corporations also follow suit and open up.” 43. Which statement about the research procedure and findings is TRUE according to the passage? A. AIs were asked to classify faces from a closed data set into different groups. B. AIs trained on a larger data set tended to relate black faces to negative labels. C. The researchers trained AIs to compare images between two LAION data sets. D. The content analysis showed most samples were biased towards certain people. 44. What does Vinay Prabhu imply about the tech companies and organizations by making remarks that “Here are the low-hanging fruits, and you’re not even picking the low-hanging fruits.” (in paragraph ⑧)? A. They believe collecting larger data sets can tackle human biases. B. They’ve removed the most biased samples from the trained data set. C. They’ve made little progress by focusing on how to reduce bias first. D. They skip an easy fix to screen out biased content with quality checks. 45. Which of the following statements correctly reflects Abeba Birhane’s opinion? A. Their research may help prevent biases from building up in large data sets. B. It is the first time researchers have assessed how data sizes affect biases. C. It is hoped that big corporations will make their data sets publicly accessible. D. The finding is so strong and yet so inconclusive that more studies are needed. 46. Which of the following best serves as the title of this article? A. Fight Against Racism: Larger Data Sets Gain an Upper Hand B. More Data, More Bias: An Unexpected Finding on AI and Racism C. To Be Biased or Not To Be: A Comparative Analysis of AI Sources D. Racism Is Spreading: The Find Challenges a Long-held Assumption Section C Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. The Lengthy Seed Experiment One of humanity’s longest-running and most classic scientific experiments, the William Beal Seed Viability Experiment, was initiated in 1879 by renowned botanist William James Beal at Michigan State University. ____47____ At the time Beal started the experiment, little was known about seed longevity, and his work aimed to fill this gap with systematic, long-term observation. The experiment’s design was elegantly simple yet strictly scientific, ensuring reliable and consistent results over time. Beal carefully collected seeds from 23 common plant species native to the Michigan area, ranging from wildflowers to grasses. This simple but strict design was key to the experiment’s long-term success and reliability. He then mixed each group of seeds with damp sand to closely imitate the natural soil environment, providing water and the protection seeds would experience underground. These mixtures were sealed in 20 identical glass bottles, which were buried upside down on the university campus to prevent water build-up and rot. The bottles were placed in a quiet, undisturbed area, ensuring they would only be touched during scheduled digs. Initially, a bottle was dug up every five years to test seed survival ability. ____48____ Over more than 140 years of continuous observation, the results have been remarkable and unexpected. While most seeds lost their ability to grow within just a few decades, a small number of species have challenged all expectations. As of the 2021 dig, seeds of some plants successfully grew in laboratory tests — proving their extraordinary ability to survive inactive in soil for over a century. ____49____ The experiment’s results have had a far-reaching impact on conservation and agricultural practices. ____50____ Scientists continue to debate why certain species maintain survival ability far longer than others — whether it is due to the thickness of their seed coats, the amount of internal nutrient storage, or other unique biological features. Additionally, the experiment’s controlled conditions, including consistent soil composition, temperature, and dampness levels, raise questions about how well the results translate into the diverse and often unpredictable natural habitats found around the world. As the experiment continues (with the next dig planned for 2040), it remains a powerful proof to scientific patience and dedication, offering invaluable insights that only the passage of time can reveal. A. Later, the interval was extended to 10, then 20 years, to lengthen the experiment’s lifespan and gather data over a longer period. B. However, the experiment’s findings have raised more questions than they have answered. C. Many scientists doubt whether the experiment will continue to provide useful data in the future. D. Its goal was to close a major gap in botanical knowledge about how long seeds can stay alive in nature. E. What’s more, this surprising result has greatly changed people’s traditional understanding of seed life. F. Later, they dug up all bottles at once to check the results immediately. III. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 51. Forest Loss Is Driving Mosquitoes to Humans Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life, including hundreds of species of birds, fishes, mammals, and other kinds of animals. Human development has reduced the forest to roughly one third of its original size. As people move deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans, according to a study published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. “Our study shows that mosquitoes in the remaining forest areas have a clear preference for humans,” said Dr. Jeronimo Alencar, a biologist. To find out what mosquitoes were feeding on, the research team set traps in two nature reserves in Rio de Janeiro. They collected over 1,700 mosquitoes from 52 different species. Female mosquitoes that had recently fed on blood were studied in the lab. Scientists took out DNA from the blood inside the mosquitoes and read a specific gene that works like a biological barcode. Each animal species has its own version of this genetic marker. By matching the barcodes to reference databases, the team could identify the animals that had been bitten. The results showed that among the 27 identifiable blood meals, 18 came from humans, 6 from birds, and one each from an amphibian (两栖动物), a dog, and a mouse. Scientists believe that as forests disappear, natural hosts become scarce. Mosquitoes are forced to seek new blood sources, and humans become the most convenient choice. In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and Chikungunya. These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases. Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning systems for disease outbreaks. “Knowing that mosquitoes in an area have a strong preference for humans serves as an alert for transmission risk,” co-author Machado said. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 毋庸置疑，那些古老的遗迹总是令人心驰神往。（There be…）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 53. 要想养活这些娇嫩的花儿，就得保证光照充足、浇水及时和营养充分。（survive）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 54. 这位年轻的天文学家从未料到，儿时观星的爱好，竟会逐渐演变成自己的职业追求。(evolve) (汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ 55. 这座重建后的博物馆，其设计初衷是让参观者放慢脚步，而非走马观花。它邀请人们以自己的方式去探索、思考、畅想未来。（rush）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________ V. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 近来，“成为中国人”在国外社交平台上掀起了一股风潮，提到外国网友模仿我们晨练气功、喝温水、煲汤煮粥、在家穿拖鞋、泡脚等习惯。假如你是浦润中学的高三学生李青，在学校公众号上浏览到主题为“Small Habits, Gentle Wisdom”的英文征稿活动。请你写一篇英文短文投稿，内容需包括： 1.介绍你的家庭中最具代表性的一种日常习惯; 2. 结合自身经历与感受，谈谈这一习惯如何影响你的生活; 3.说明其中蕴含的生活智慧或文化内涵。 （注：文中不得出现真实的姓名及学校名称。） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $