热点19 跨学科融合阅读（物理+地理+生物+心理）（时文阅读+重难词汇+长难句精析）2026年中考英语趋势性主题阅读

**基本信息** 聚焦跨学科融合阅读，以英语为载体整合物理、地理、生物、心理学科知识，通过真实情境材料训练语言能力与学科思维。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |英语+物理|2篇（彩虹形成/放大镜聚光）|现象原理分析题|从光的折射反射现象到实验验证，构建“观察-原理-应用”逻辑链| |英语+地理|1篇（太阳能净水实验）|实验步骤理解题|按“实验目的-材料-步骤-原理”流程，体现科学探究逻辑| |英语+生物|3篇（帝王蝶迁徙/种子胚胎/疾病气味检测）|生命现象分析题|从生物习性/生长过程到生态影响/技术应用，形成“特征-规律-价值”认知链| |英语+心理|1篇（笔迹与性格）|行为特征推断题|通过“笔迹特征-性格表现”对应关系，培养归纳推理思维|

热点19 跨学科融合阅读（物理+地理+生物+心理） 1 英语+物理 介绍了彩虹及其“亲属”现象（如双彩虹、雾虹和火彩虹）的形成原理、颜色排列顺序以及观测这些现象所需的特定条件。 2 英语+地理 介绍了一个利用太阳能将泥水净化为干净饮用水的实验 3 英语+生物 介绍了帝王蝶秋季南迁越冬、春季北返的迁徙习性、惊人特点以及种群数量下降的现状与原因。 4 英语+生物 介绍了种子胚胎的生长过程，以及这一过程如何在农业、材料科学等多个领域为人类提供灵感。 5 英语+物理 讲述了炎热夏日里兄弟二人验证爸爸“路面能煎熟鸡蛋”的话语，从初次尝试失败，到借助放大镜聚焦阳光成功煎熟鸡蛋 6 英语+心理 介绍了笔迹分析，并从三个方面分析了笔迹与性格的关系。 7 英语+生物 介绍了疾病会改变人体的气味，以及科学家如何利用气味来检测疾病的研究。 01 英语+物理 （2026·湖北武汉·三模） There’s always one thing that can brighten up a rainy day, and that’s a rainbow (彩虹). Rainbows are simple tricks played by sunlight and raindrops. Raindrops are like tiny, round balls—that’s what makes rainbows possible. When sunlight enters a raindrop, it first bends (折射), then reflects off the inside wall, and finally goes out. On this journey, sunlight breaks into seven colors. Red light bends the least and goes out at 42°, landing on the outer side. Purple light bends the most and goes out at 40°, landing on the inner side. All the other colors—orange, yellow, green, blue, and indigo—spread out in between. When light bends twice inside the drop, a double rainbow can form. And in that second arc (弧), the colors take a turn and appear in the opposite order. Why don’t you see rainbows every time it rains? The Sun must be behind you and no higher than 42° above the horizon (地平线). Only in that condition can light hit the drops just right and reach your eyes. A fogbow (雾虹) is like a rainbow that forgets its colors. Instead of raindrops, it’s made by tiny drops of water in fog or mist. They are so small that sunlight doesn’t bend completely, and it spreads out. This mixes the colors together, creating a large, white fogbow. Fire rainbows aren’t on fire. They’re rainbow-colored clouds. High in the freezing sky, clouds made of ice crystals (冰晶) act like colorful glass. When the Sun climbs above 58°, sunlight hits the crystals just right, bends, and breaks into colors across the sky, like the clouds that catch fire. You can usually see them in summer, within 55 degrees north or south of the equator (赤道). See them, and you’ve caught the sky doing its most magical trick. 1．What makes rainbows possible according to paragraph 1? A．Thick and heavy clouds. B．Tiny ball-like raindrops. C．Clear and blue sky. D．Low temperature. 2．The picture shows how a rainbow forms, so what degree should be in ①? A．42° B．40° C．55° D．58° 3．In which kind of rainbow does red light land on the inner side? A．The single rainbow. B．The double rainbow. C．The fogbow. D．The fire rainbows. 4．According to paragraph 6, what is a necessary condition for fire rainbows to form? A．The Sun is at the horizon. B．There is a big fire in the sky. C．The Sun is higher than 58° above the horizon. D．People must use colorful glass. 5．What does the passage mainly introduce? A．The reflection of light B．How water creates colors. C．Why the Sun is magical. D．Rainbows and their cousins. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了彩虹及其“亲属”现象（如双彩虹、雾虹和火彩虹）的形成原理、颜色排列顺序以及观测这些现象所需的特定条件。 1．第一段提到：“Raindrops are like tiny, round balls—that’s what makes rainbows possible.”，这直接说明了像微小圆球一样的雨滴是彩虹形成的必要条件。 2．第二段提到：“Red light bends the least and goes out at 42°, landing on the outer side. Purple light bends the most and goes out at 40°, landing on the inner side.”。结合图片可知，①指向彩虹外侧的红光，②指向内侧的紫光，因此①对应的度数应为42°。 3．第三段提到双彩虹时说明：“…in that second arc, the colors take a turn and appear in the opposite order.”。在普通彩虹中红光位于外侧，而双彩虹的第二道弧颜色顺序相反，因此红光会出现在内侧。 4．第六段提到：“When the Sun climbs above 58°, sunlight hits the crystals just right…”。文中明确指出，只有当太阳高度角超过58°时，阳光才能以正确的角度照射冰晶形成火彩虹，这是其形成的必要物理条件。 5．文章前四段介绍了普通彩虹和双彩虹的原理及条件，第五、六段分别引申介绍了雾虹和火彩虹。综合全篇，文章主要介绍了彩虹及其相关类似现象。 重难词汇: 1. reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 反射；映照 2. horizon /həˈraɪzn/ n. 地平线 3. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 条件；环境 4. crystal /ˈkrɪstl/ n. 晶体；冰晶 5. opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/adj. 相反的；对面的 6. magical /ˈmædʒɪkl/adj. 神奇的；魔幻的 长难句精析： 1. When sunlight enters a raindrop, it first bends, then reflects off the inside wall, and finally goes out. 翻译：当阳光进入雨滴时，光线先发生折射，再经雨滴内壁反射，最后射出雨滴。 分析：本句为 when 引导时间状语从句，从句表时间背景；主句主语 it 指代 sunlight；谓语为三个并列动词短语：bends /reflects off /goes out，由 first、then、finally 衔接，体现动作先后顺序；固定搭配：reflect off 从…… 反射。 2. Only in that condition can light hit the drops just right and reach your eyes. 翻译：只有在那种条件下，光线才能恰好照射到雨滴并进入你的眼睛。 分析：中考核心语法：Only + 状语置于句首，主句用部分倒装；正常语序：Light can hit the drops just right and reach your eyes only in that condition.句子主干：主语 light，情态动词 can，并列谓语 hit 与 reach；just right 作副词短语，修饰动词，意为 “恰好、正好”。 3. They are so small that sunlight doesn’t bend completely, and it spreads out. 翻译：这些小水滴非常微小，以至于阳光无法完全折射，从而四处散开。 分析：经典中考句型：so + adj. + that… 引导结果状语从句，表 “如此…… 以至于……”说明水滴小带来的影响；后半句 and it spreads out 并列补充结果，it 指代 sunlight。 02 英语+地理 （2026·福建漳州·一模） An Experiment about How to Get Clean Water What you need : Large cooking pot Drinking glass with a heavy base Plastic food wrap Tape Muddy water Coin What to do : Step 1. Pour about 5 cm of muddy water into the cooking pot. Step 2. Place the drinking glass right side up in the middle of the cooking pot. Step 3. Cover the cooking pot with clear plastic food wrap, stick the wrap with tape, but leave enough slack (松弛度) in the wrap so that it can hang downwards. Step 4. Place the coin in the middle of the plastic food wrap so that the wrap hangs down in the middle, directly over (but not touching) the glass. Step 5. Place the apparatus (装置) in direct sunlight. What to see : After about ten minutes or so, little drops of water begin to appear on the underside of the plastic food wrap. They go down the plastic wrap slowly and fall into the glass. The water in the glass is now clean and the mud is left at the bottom of the cooking pot. How it works : This activity uses the energy in sunlight to turn muddy water into drinking water. Now you can drink clear, clean water if you are thirsty. 1．What do you need in Step 2 of the experiment? ①a large cooking pot        ②a coin ③a drinking glass        ④plastic food wrap A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④ 2．Which picture matches Step 4 in the experiment? A． B． C． D． 3．Why is the coin put in the middle of the plastic wrap? A．To touch the glass. B．To help sunlight heat up water. C．To keep the wrap clean. D．To make the wrap hang down. 4．Where is the clean water collected in the end? A．On the coin. B．In the drinking glass. C．At the bottom of the cooking pot. D．On the surface of the plastic wrap. 5．Where can you most possibly use the apparatus? A．In the wild with no clean water. B．In the classroom at school. C．In the kitchen of a restaurant. D．In a desert with no water. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个利用太阳能将泥水净化为干净饮用水的实验，包括所需材料、操作步骤、实验现象和原理。 1．文章实验步骤部分Step 1“Pour about 5 cm of muddy water into the cooking pot.”和Step 2“Place the drinking glass right side up in the middle of the cooking pot.”指出，第二步需要用到大锅和水杯。 2．文章实验步骤部分Step 4“Place the coin in the middle of the plastic food wrap so that the wrap hangs down in the middle, directly over (but not touching) the glass.”指出，第四步是把硬币放在保鲜膜中央，使保鲜膜中间下垂。符合图A。 3．文章实验步骤部分Step 4“Place the coin in the middle of the plastic food wrap so that the wrap hangs down in the middle”指出，把硬币放在保鲜膜中央是为了让保鲜膜下垂。 4．文章实验现象部分“They go down the plastic wrap slowly and fall into the glass. The water in the glass is now clean”指出，净化后的干净水最终收集在水杯里。 5．文章实验原理部分“This activity uses the energy in sunlight to turn muddy water into drinking water.”指出，这个装置可以在没有干净饮用水的野外使用。 重难词汇: 1. plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n. 塑料；塑料制品 2. slack /slæk/ n. 松弛；宽松度 3. downwards /ˈdaʊnwədz/ adv. 向下 4. apparatus /ˌæpəˈreɪtəs/ n. 装置；仪器 5. underside /ˈʌndəsaɪd/ n. 下侧；底面 6. energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能量；能源 长难句精析： 1. Cover the cooking pot with clear plastic food wrap, stick the wrap with tape, but leave enough slack in the wrap so that it can hang downwards. 翻译：用透明食品保鲜膜盖住炖锅，用胶带固定保鲜膜，但要留出足够松弛度，让保鲜膜能够向下垂落。 分析: 整句为祈使句，三个并列动作：cover… , stick… , but leave…；固定搭配：cover…with… 用…… 覆盖；so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便、为了”；从句主语 it 指代 plastic food wrap，情态动词 can + 动词原形作谓语。 2. Place the coin in the middle of the plastic food wrap so that the wrap hangs down in the middle, directly over (but not touching) the glass. 翻译: 把硬币放在保鲜膜中央，使保鲜膜中间向下垂，正好位于玻璃杯正上方（但不接触杯子）。 分析: 主句为祈使句，主干：Place the coin（放置硬币）；地点状语：in the middle of the plastic food wrap；so that 引导目的状语从句，说明放硬币的目的；插入语 (but not touching) 省略结构，补充说明位置关系，简化句式。 3. They go down the plastic wrap slowly and fall into the glass. The water in the glass is now clean and the mud is left at the bottom of the cooking pot. 翻译:小水珠顺着保鲜膜缓缓滑落，滴进玻璃杯里。杯子里的水变干净，泥沙则留在锅底。 分析: 第一句：并列谓语 go down 与 fall into，描写水珠动态；第二句由 and 连接两个简单句，构成并列句；is left 为一般现在时被动语态，中考高频考点，意为 “被留下”；介词短语 at the bottom of 作地点状语。 03 英语+生物 （2026·广东汕头·一模）When autumn arrives in the United States and Canada, you can see one of nature’s greatest scenes—the yearly migration (迁徙) of the monarch butterflies (帝王蝶). No other butterfly in the world migrates like the orange and black monarchs of North America. They cannot live for long periods in cold weather. For this reason, each autumn around October, the butterflies travel up to 3,000 kilometers south to spend the winter in warmer locations. Some even fly to the mountains of Mexico. There are so many of them that they almost block out the sky. You can even hear their wings beating. It usually takes the butterflies two months to reach Mexico. After spending five months there, they head back north in spring. But not one butterfly finishes the whole round-trip. They lay eggs along the way and die. Three generations of butterflies will live and die during the spring journey alone. The fourth and final generation of the year is born in early autumn and will reach the north. But the butterflies hardly get to rest before starting the long journey south again to Mexico. The most amazing thing about these butterflies is that they return to the very same trees in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before. However, the populations of this colorful butterfly have dropped in recent years. In 2015, the US Fish and Wildlife Service said that nearly a billion monarchs have disappeared from the overwintering sites (越冬地点) since 1990, reported the Washington Post. One of the main reasons, experts say, is that farmers have used herbicides (除草剂) on plants that the monarchs’ larvae (幼虫) live and feed on. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By describing a scene. B．By telling a story. C．By using a saying. D．By asking a question. 2．Which of the following marks shows the direction of the monarch butterflies’ migration in spring? A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, how many generations does it take for the monarch butterflies to finish the whole round-trip? A．one B．four C．five D．eight 4．What is the most surprising thing about the monarch butterflies? A．They like to live in Mexico. B．They like the very same trees. C．They can return to the same trees that their ancestors lived in. D．They don’t like the very same trees that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before. 5．What might the writer talk about next after the passage? A．How to protect these butterflies. B．How to plant some trees these butterflies like. C．How to use herbicides. D．How to feed these butterflies. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了帝王蝶秋季南迁越冬、春季北返的迁徙习性、惊人特点以及种群数量下降的现状与原因。 1．第一段指出：“you can see one of nature’s greatest scenes—the yearly migration of the monarch butterflies.”，作者通过描绘自然景象引出文章主题。 2．第三段指出：“After spending five months there, they head back north in spring.”，帝王蝶春季向北迁徙。 3．第四段指出：“Three generations of butterflies will live and die during the spring journey alone. The fourth and final generation of the year is born in early autumn and will reach the north.”，春季迁徙途中繁衍三代帝王蝶，加上最后初秋的一代，完成完整往返迁徙共四代。 4．第四段指出：“they return to the very same trees in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before.”，帝王蝶最令人惊奇的是能回到祖辈过冬的同一棵树上。 5．最后一段指出：“However, the populations of this colorful butterfly have dropped in recent years...that farmers have used herbicides (除草剂) on plants that the monarchs’ larvae (幼虫) live and feed on.”，结尾说明了帝王蝶数量减少的原因，下文最可能讲述如何保护这些帝王蝶。 重难词汇: 1. migration /ˌmaɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 迁徙；移居 2. generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. 一代；世代 3. round-trip /ˈraʊnd trɪp/ n. 往返旅程 4. population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 种群数量；人口 5. herbicide /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ n. 除草剂 6. feed /fiːd/ v. 喂养；以…… 为食 长难句精析： 1. There are so many of them that they almost block out the sky. 翻译：它们的数量如此庞大，几乎遮蔽了天空。 分析：核心句型：so…that… 引导结果状语从句，中考必考；主句为 there be 存在句型；固定短语：block out 遮蔽；挡住。 2. The most amazing thing about these butterflies is that they return to the very same trees in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before. 翻译：这些帝王蝶最令人惊叹的一点是，它们会回到墨西哥那些恰恰是它们祖辈曾经越冬的同一棵树上。 分析：主句主干：The most amazing thing is that…第一个 that 引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用；第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 trees；very 此处为形容词，加强语气，意为 “正是、恰好”。 3. One of the main reasons, experts say, is that farmers have used herbicides on plants that the monarchs’ larvae live and feed on. 翻译：专家称，主要原因之一是农民在帝王蝶幼虫赖以生存和食用的植物上喷洒了除草剂。 分析：experts say 为插入语，可直接删除不影响句子主干；第一个 that 引导表语从句，解释原因的具体内容；第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 plants；固定搭配：feed on 以…… 为食，高频短语。 04 英语+生物 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Have you ever watched a seed sprout? Inside that seed lies an embryo (胚胎), a tiny but powerful structure that grows into a new life. How does it grow? First, the seed needs water. When it gets wet, the seed’s outer shell, called the seed coat, becomes softer and the seed becomes bigger. Next, the seed begins to wake up. Inside, a tiny baby plant, called the embryo, starts to grow. It pushes against the seed coat, trying to get out. This is called “sprouting”. Then, a tiny root, called the radicle (胚根), pops out first. This root will help the plant find water and hold it in the ground. Soon after, a tiny stem (茎) and leaves, called the shoot, start to come out. The shoot will help the plant make food from sunlight. Studies show that the way this embryo grows can inspire other fields. In agriculture, understanding how seed embryos develop helps farmers grow better crops. By studying how embryos use nutrients (营养物) and respond to the environment, scientists can create seeds that withstand(经受住) droughts and pests. These improved seeds mean better harvest and better food security for everyone. Materials scientists seek inspiration from seed embryos, too. The way embryos push through soil and grow upwards is a wonderful achievement of engineering. Engineers use this understanding to create materials that can self-repair or change shapes in response to (作为对……的回应) the environment. Imagine clothes that mend themselves or buildings that can adjust to extreme weather! Seed embryo growth is not just about plants, but also a source of inspiration across many fields. It shows us that even the smallest things in nature can have big impacts on our world. So next time you see a sprouting seed, remember—it’s a tiny wonder with endless possibilities! 1．What is the first thing a seed needs before it starts growing? A．It needs sunlight. B．It needs water. C．It needs soil. D．It needs nutrients. 2．According to the text, which process does the materials scientists base their research on to invent materials that can self-repair? A．② B．③ C．④ D．⑤ 3．Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A．Understanding seed embryos doesn’t help engineers create new materials. B．The way seed embryos grow is not important in other fields. C．Scientists have created seeds that can grow in any environment. D．The improved seeds can lead to better harvest and food safety. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The importance of planting seeds for food security. B．How seed embryos grow and inspire different fields. C．The scientific process of creating seeds to suit the drought. D．Engineering achievements inspired by plant growth. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文介绍了种子胚胎的生长过程，以及这一过程如何在农业、材料科学等多个领域为人类提供灵感。 1．根据原文第2段“First, the seed needs water.”可知，种子开始生长前首先需要水。 2．根据原文第4段“The way embryos push through soil and grow upwards is a wonderful achievement of engineering. Engineers use this understanding to create materials that can self-repair...”可知，材料科学家基于种子胚胎破土生长的过程进行研究，对应图示中胚胎突破种皮、长出茎和叶的阶段，即阶段④。 3．根据原文第3段“These improved seeds mean better harvest and better food security for everyone.”可知，改良的种子能带来更好的收成和粮食安全。 4．根据全文内容，文章介绍了种子胚胎的生长过程，以及这一过程如何在农业、材料科学等多个领域为人类提供灵感。故B选项符合题意。 重难词汇: 1. sprout /spraʊt/ v. 发芽；抽芽 2. embryo /ˈembriəʊ/ n. 胚胎；胚芽 3. nutrient /ˈnjuːtriənt/ n. 营养物；养分 4. withstand /wɪðˈstænd/ v. 经受住；抵御 5. drought /draʊt/ n. 干旱 6. security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 安全；保障 长难句精析： 1. When it gets wet, the seed’s outer shell, called the seed coat, becomes softer and the seed becomes bigger. 翻译：当种子受潮时，它的外壳（种皮）会变软，种子也会膨胀变大。 分析：When 引导时间状语从句，表条件背景；主干并列句：the seed’s outer shell becomes softer and the seed becomes bigger；插入定语：called the seed coat 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 outer shell，意为 “被称作种皮的”；形容词比较级：softer /bigger，中考基础考点。 2. By studying how embryos use nutrients and respond to the environment, scientists can create seeds that withstand droughts and pests. 翻译：通过研究胚芽如何吸收养分、适应环境，科学家能够培育出抵御干旱和虫害的种子。 分析：By doing sth. 介词短语作方式状语，表 “通过做某事”；how 引导宾语从句，作 studying 的宾语；主句主干：scientists can create seeds；定语从句：that withstand droughts and pests 修饰先行词 seeds，限定种子的特性。 3. It shows us that even the smallest things in nature can have big impacts on our world. 翻译：它向我们表明：即使是自然界中最微小的事物，也能对我们的世界产生巨大影响。 分析：主句结构：show sb. + that 宾语从句，双宾语结构；从句主干：the smallest things can have big impacts；固定搭配：have an impact on 对…… 产生影响，中考高频写作短语；最高级 the smallest 强化句意，语法考点清晰。 05 英语+物理 （2026·广东梅州·一模）It was a hot summer day. Papa had some work to do. “It’s hot enough to fry an egg on the sidewalk (人行道),” he said. “You boys keep yourselves busy while I finish my work, and we’ll do something fun together to cool off.” After hearing his father’s words, Jesse thought it was unbelievable. Was it true? So he decided to have a try himself. He came back a few minutes later. “Actually, it didn’t work,” Jesse said disappointedly. “Dad lied to us.” “What?” Sam asked. “It isn’t hot enough to fry an egg on the sidewalk,” said Jesse. Papa looked up from his work. “Did you try to do that?” he asked. “Yes, but the egg wasn’t cooked, and it didn’t even turn white around the edges (边缘),” said Jesse. “Show me the egg, Jesse,” said Sam. The egg had not changed a bit. It looked like a yellow eye. “Why don’t you use a magnifying glass (放大镜) to focus sunlight on the egg?” Sam suggested. “Miss Li told us that the magnifying glass focuses the sunlight and causes the temperature to rise. Maybe we can use it to fry the egg.” “It’s a good idea. Let’s have a try!” After a few minutes of focusing the sunlight with the magnifying glass, the egg was just fried. The two boys were so excited about that. Later, they understood, “What others say is not always right. It only takes practice and effort to find out whether it’s true or not. Therefore, when things don’t go well, we can try to think differently so that the problems can be easily solved.” 1．What did Jesse do after hearing his father’s words? A．He stayed at home. B．He bought some eggs. C．He tried to fry an egg on the road. D．He tried to cool himself down outside. 2．How did Jesse feel after first trying to fry the egg on the road? A．Excited. B．Disappointed. C．Nervous. D．Worried. 3．Which paragraph introduced the suggestion of Jesse’s brother? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 4．Which of the following pictures shows the reason why the egg can turn white with a magnifying glass? A． B． C． D． 5．What can we learn from the story? A．Eggs are easy to cook. B．Fathers always tell the truth. C．Summer is the best time for experiments. D．Practice and creative thinking can solve problems. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了炎热夏日里兄弟二人验证爸爸“路面能煎熟鸡蛋”的话语，从初次尝试失败，到借助放大镜聚焦阳光成功煎熟鸡蛋，最终明白亲身实践、变通思考才能探寻真相、解决难题的人生道理。 1．根据第二段So he decided to have a try himself.结合前文爸爸说“人行道热到可以煎鸡蛋”，可知Jesse听完爸爸的话后，去路面上尝试煎鸡蛋。 2．根据第二段“Actually, it didn’t work,” Jesse said disappointedly.可知，第一次路面煎蛋失败后，Jesse感到失望。 3．根据第四段Why don’t you use a magnifying glass to focus sunlight on the egg?” Sam suggested.可知，哥哥的建议出现在文章第4自然段。 4．根据第五段the magnifying glass focuses the sunlight and causes the temperature to rise可知，放大镜是凸透镜，对光线有会聚作用，平行光线通过凸透镜后会会聚到焦点（F），A图显示平行光线射向凸透镜，最终相交于焦点F，这是凸透镜会聚光线的正确物理光路图。 5．根据最后一段故事主旨可知，文章告诉我们：他人所言不一定全是真理，勇于实践、灵活变通思考，就能轻松解决问题。 重难词汇: 1. sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɔːk/ n. 人行道 2. disappointedly /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪdli/ adv. 失望地 3. magnify /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ/ v. 放大；扩大，magnifying glass 放大镜 4. focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ v. 聚焦；集中 n. 焦点 5. temperature /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/ n. 温度 6. therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ adv. 因此；所以 长难句精析： 1. Miss Li told us that the magnifying glass focuses the sunlight and causes the temperature to rise. 翻译：李老师告诉我们，放大镜可以聚集阳光，从而使温度升高。 分析：主句：Miss Li told us（主谓双宾语结构）；that 引导宾语从句，作 told 的宾语；从句内含并列谓语：focuses 与 causes；固定搭配：cause sth. to do sth. 使某物做某事。 2. It only takes practice and effort to find out whether it’s true or not. 翻译：只需要实践和努力，就能弄清一件事是否真实。 分析：固定句型：It takes sth. to do sth. 做某事需要……；不定式 to find out 作真正主语，It 为形式主语；whether…or not 引导宾语从句，作 find out 的宾语，意为 “是否”。 3. Therefore, when things don’t go well, we can try to think differently so that the problems can be easily solved. 翻译：因此，当事情进展不顺利时，我们可以换个角度思考，以便轻松解决问题。 分析：when 引导时间状语从句，表时间条件；so that 引导目的状语从句，表 “为了、以便”；be easily solved* 被动语态，中考高频考点；differently 副词，修饰动词 think。 06 英语+心理 （2026·湖北荆州·一模）Have you ever compared your handwriting with your friends’ to see how different it is? Like no two leaves in the world are exactly the same, no two people share the same handwriting. Your handwriting can actually say a lot about what kind of person you are. Try writing out a sentence: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. Then see what your handwriting says about you. Size of your handwriting Did you know that the size of your handwriting can show your character? Large handwriting may show that you’re easy to get along with and you want to be noticed by others. Small handwriting may mean that you’re shy and cautious, and always pay attention to details (细节). If your handwriting is medium-sized, you can get used to new places quickly. Space between words Do you often leave big spaces between your words? A study says the space between your words can show how close you want to be with others. If you leave wide spaces, you love your freedom. You like having your own space. If your words are very close to each other, you have a strong desire (愿望) to stay with your friends and family. If you leave medium spaces, you are balanced (平衡的). You like your own space, but you also enjoy being with others sometimes. Slant (倾斜) of the words The slant of your handwriting can tell how you treat people around you. Slanting to the right means you welcome or accept new ideas easily. And you consider your friends and family are more important than anything else. While slanting to the left may show that you think deeply. And you like to work behind the scenes better. If you write without slanting at all, you may be very calm. Although the handwriting doesn’t always tell the truth, we can read it for fun. What matters most is that you should write carefully. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By comparing facts. D．By listing numbers. 2．What does the underlined word “cautious” mean in paragraph 2? A．Brave. B．Outgoing. C．Careful. D．Humorous. 3．Which of the following can be put in ________ of the following mind map? A．low, wide B．low, straight C．strong, wide D．strong, straight 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To ask people to write out a sentence. B．To ask us to change our handwriting. C．To tell us handwriting may show character. D．To show people how to write beautifully. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了笔迹分析，并从三个方面分析了笔迹与性格的关系。 1．根据首句“Have you ever compared your handwriting with your friends’ to see how different it is?”，可知作者是通过设问的方式引出论点。文章开头的方式即提问。 2．根据“shy and cautious, and always pay attention to details”三个词的并列关系，可知cautious意为careful“小心”。outgoing与shy语义矛盾，humorous“幽默”和brave“勇敢”与另外两个词反映的性格特质不太相符。 3．由横轴“Spaces between words”定位到第三段；由“If your words are very close to each other, you have a strong desire to stay with your friends and family.”可知，写字间距窄，对应着和家人朋友待在一起的强烈愿望，第一空填strong；“If you leave wide spaces, you love your freedom.”说明写字间距宽反映热爱自由，第二空填wide。 4．本文是“总——分——总”结构，先通过设问引出笔迹反映性格的论点；再用三个小标题从三个方面展开具体论述；最后从测试回归认真书写的重要性。A项结构图符合。 5．全文围绕“笔迹反映性格”展开，从大小、间距、倾斜度三方面分析，符合C项“告诉我们笔迹可能反映出性格”。 重难词汇: 1. cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/adj. 谨慎的；小心的 2. medium /ˈmiːdiəm/adj. 中等的；适中的 3. desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/n. 渴望；愿望 4. balanced /ˈbælənst/adj. 均衡的；稳重的 5. slant /slɑːnt/n. 倾斜；斜面 v. 倾斜 6. matter /ˈmætə(r)/v. 要紧；重要 长难句精析： 1. Large handwriting may show that you’re easy to get along with and you want to be noticed by others. 翻译：字迹偏大可能表明你很好相处，并且希望被他人关注。 分析：主句：Large handwriting may show…；that 引导宾语从句，从句由 and 连接两个并列简单句；固定短语：get along with 相处；be noticed by others 被动语态，中考高频结构。 2. A study says the space between your words can show how close you want to be with others. 翻译：一项研究表明，单词之间的间距能体现你想要和他人保持多近的距离。 分析：省略 that 的宾语从句，作 says 的宾语；从句主干：the space can show…；how close 引导宾语从句，作 show 的宾语；介词短语 between your words 作后置定语，修饰 space。 07 英语+生物 （2026·江西九江·一模）Every person has his or her unique smell. The smell can even be used to tell if you are healthy, according to How Stuff Works. Diabetes (糖尿病), for example, can make a person’s body smell like bad apples. Yellow fever smells like a butcher shop (肉铺), and liver (肝) disease causes the breath to smell fishy. These all have to do with diseased cells (细胞). A diseased cell gives out different chemicals (化学物质) to a healthy cell. As these chemicals change, the body’s smells change, too, especially the sweat, blood, breath and urine (尿). The smells of disease aren’t new. The real news is about using smell to find disease. For example, a woman in Scotland noticed her husband’s smell was changing. It became more musky (麝香味的) as his Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) got worse. Scientists at Edinburgh University put her nose to the test. They asked her to tell whether a group of people had Parkinson’s or not. She thought 12 people had the disease. Eleven of them were confirmed (确诊) at once. Another one got the disease eight months later! If some people can do such an amazing job of smelling out diseases, just think what dogs can do. A dog’s sense of smell can be 10,000 to 100,000 times sharper than a human’s. In fact, dogs are especially good at smelling out a certain cancer. People have done several studies about it. How amazing it is! Would you like to do something to find out more about smells? 1．What makes a person’s body have smells? A．Diseased cells. B．Healthy cells. C．Blood pressure. D．Junk food. 2．Match the diseases with smells and choose the right answer. a. Parkinson’s disease.    b. Diabetes.    c. Liver disease.    d. Yellow fever. ①Bad apples.    ②Musky.    ③Fishy.    ④A butcher shop. A．a — ①, b — ②, c — ③, d — ④ B．a — ②, b — ①, c — ③, d — ④ C．a — ③, b — ④, c — ②, d — ① D．a — ④, b — ③, c — ①, d — ② 3．What does the underlined word “these” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Diseased cells. B．Chemicals. C．Diabetes. D．Body’s smells. 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①②/③④⑤/⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤⑥ 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Scientists are testing different smells of diseases. B．Scientists are studying how smells can help to detect diseases. C．Scientists are studying the chemicals of different cells. D．Scientists are using dogs to smell out diseases. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了疾病会改变人体的气味，以及科学家如何利用气味来检测疾病的研究。 1．第三段明确指出原因：“These all have to do with diseased cells (细胞). A diseased cell gives out different chemicals (化学物质) to a healthy cell. As these chemicals change, the body’s smells change, too”，说明是病变细胞导致人的身体产生气味。 2．第二段提到不同疾病对应的气味：“Diabetes (糖尿病), for example, can make a person’s body smell like bad apples”“Yellow fever smells like a butcher shop (肉铺), and liver (肝) disease causes the breath to smell fishy”以及第四段提到“It became more musky (麝香味的) as his Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) got worse”，说明帕金森病对应麝香味，糖尿病对应坏苹果味，肝病对应鱼腥味，黄热病对应肉铺味，即a—②, b—①, c—③, d—④。 3．第三段中“These all have to do with diseased cells”中的“these”指代前文提到的糖尿病、黄热病、肝病等疾病的体味变化，即“Body’s smells”。 4．文章结构：第①段总起，引出“气味可以判断身体健康”的话题；第②③④⑤段分别介绍不同疾病的气味、气味改变的原理、用气味探测疾病的案例，属于分述；第⑥段总结全文，因此结构为①/②③④⑤/⑥。 5．文章主要围绕利用气味来检测疾病展开，讲述了不同疾病的气味以及利用气味检测疾病的例子等，说明科学家正在研究气味如何帮助检测疾病。 重难词汇: 1. unique /juˈniːk/adj. 独特的；独一无二的 2. chemical /ˈkemɪkl/n. 化学物质；化学品 3. sweat /swet/n. 汗水 v. 出汗 4. confirm /kənˈfɜːm/v. 确认；确诊；证实 5. sense /sens/n. 感官；感觉；意识 6. sharp /ʃɑːp/adj. 敏锐的；灵敏的 长难句精析： 1. A diseased cell gives out different chemicals to a healthy cell. As these chemicals change, the body’s smells change, too. 翻译：病变细胞会释放出与健康细胞不同的化学物质。随着这些化学物质发生变化，人体的气味也会随之改变。 分析：前半句简单句：主语 a diseased cell，谓语固定搭配 give out 释放、散发；As 引导时间 / 原因状语从句，意为 “随着；由于”；主从句结构对称，前后语义递进，为中考常考句式。 2. They asked her to tell whether a group of people had Parkinson’s or not. 翻译：他们让她辨别一组人是否患有帕金森病。 分析：核心结构：ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事；whether…or not 引导宾语从句，作 tell 的宾语，固定搭配 “是否”；从句时态为一般过去时，与主句时态保持一致，时态考点清晰。 3. A dog’s sense of smell can be 10,000 to 100,000 times sharper than a human’s. 翻译：狗的嗅觉灵敏度可以是人类的一万到十万倍。 分析：本句为倍数 + 比较级经典中考句型； 比较级 sharper 修饰嗅觉灵敏程度；human’s 为名词性物主代词省略用法，完整形式：a human’s sense of smell，避免重复。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点19 跨学科融合阅读（物理+地理+生物+心理） 1 英语+物理 介绍了彩虹及其“亲属”现象（如双彩虹、雾虹和火彩虹）的形成原理、颜色排列顺序以及观测这些现象所需的特定条件。 2 英语+地理 介绍了一个利用太阳能将泥水净化为干净饮用水的实验 3 英语+生物 介绍了帝王蝶秋季南迁越冬、春季北返的迁徙习性、惊人特点以及种群数量下降的现状与原因。 4 英语+生物 介绍了种子胚胎的生长过程，以及这一过程如何在农业、材料科学等多个领域为人类提供灵感。 5 英语+物理 讲述了炎热夏日里兄弟二人验证爸爸“路面能煎熟鸡蛋”的话语，从初次尝试失败，到借助放大镜聚焦阳光成功煎熟鸡蛋 6 英语+心理 介绍了笔迹分析，并从三个方面分析了笔迹与性格的关系。 7 英语+生物 介绍了疾病会改变人体的气味，以及科学家如何利用气味来检测疾病的研究。 01 英语+物理 （2026·湖北武汉·三模） There’s always one thing that can brighten up a rainy day, and that’s a rainbow (彩虹). Rainbows are simple tricks played by sunlight and raindrops. Raindrops are like tiny, round balls—that’s what makes rainbows possible. When sunlight enters a raindrop, it first bends (折射), then reflects off the inside wall, and finally goes out. On this journey, sunlight breaks into seven colors. Red light bends the least and goes out at 42°, landing on the outer side. Purple light bends the most and goes out at 40°, landing on the inner side. All the other colors—orange, yellow, green, blue, and indigo—spread out in between. When light bends twice inside the drop, a double rainbow can form. And in that second arc (弧), the colors take a turn and appear in the opposite order. Why don’t you see rainbows every time it rains? The Sun must be behind you and no higher than 42° above the horizon (地平线). Only in that condition can light hit the drops just right and reach your eyes. A fogbow (雾虹) is like a rainbow that forgets its colors. Instead of raindrops, it’s made by tiny drops of water in fog or mist. They are so small that sunlight doesn’t bend completely, and it spreads out. This mixes the colors together, creating a large, white fogbow. Fire rainbows aren’t on fire. They’re rainbow-colored clouds. High in the freezing sky, clouds made of ice crystals (冰晶) act like colorful glass. When the Sun climbs above 58°, sunlight hits the crystals just right, bends, and breaks into colors across the sky, like the clouds that catch fire. You can usually see them in summer, within 55 degrees north or south of the equator (赤道). See them, and you’ve caught the sky doing its most magical trick. 1．What makes rainbows possible according to paragraph 1? A．Thick and heavy clouds. B．Tiny ball-like raindrops. C．Clear and blue sky. D．Low temperature. 2．The picture shows how a rainbow forms, so what degree should be in ①? A．42° B．40° C．55° D．58° 3．In which kind of rainbow does red light land on the inner side? A．The single rainbow. B．The double rainbow. C．The fogbow. D．The fire rainbows. 4．According to paragraph 6, what is a necessary condition for fire rainbows to form? A．The Sun is at the horizon. B．There is a big fire in the sky. C．The Sun is higher than 58° above the horizon. D．People must use colorful glass. 5．What does the passage mainly introduce? A．The reflection of light B．How water creates colors. C．Why the Sun is magical. D．Rainbows and their cousins. 重难词汇: 1. reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 反射；映照 2. horizon /həˈraɪzn/ n. 地平线 3. condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 条件；环境 4. crystal /ˈkrɪstl/ n. 晶体；冰晶 5. opposite /ˈɒpəzɪt/adj. 相反的；对面的 6. magical /ˈmædʒɪkl/adj. 神奇的；魔幻的 长难句精析： 1. When sunlight enters a raindrop, it first bends, then reflects off the inside wall, and finally goes out. 翻译：当阳光进入雨滴时，光线先发生折射，再经雨滴内壁反射，最后射出雨滴。 分析：本句为 when 引导时间状语从句，从句表时间背景；主句主语 it 指代 sunlight；谓语为三个并列动词短语：bends /reflects off /goes out，由 first、then、finally 衔接，体现动作先后顺序；固定搭配：reflect off 从…… 反射。 2. Only in that condition can light hit the drops just right and reach your eyes. 翻译：只有在那种条件下，光线才能恰好照射到雨滴并进入你的眼睛。 分析：中考核心语法：Only + 状语置于句首，主句用部分倒装；正常语序：Light can hit the drops just right and reach your eyes only in that condition.句子主干：主语 light，情态动词 can，并列谓语 hit 与 reach；just right 作副词短语，修饰动词，意为 “恰好、正好”。 3. They are so small that sunlight doesn’t bend completely, and it spreads out. 翻译：这些小水滴非常微小，以至于阳光无法完全折射，从而四处散开。 分析：经典中考句型：so + adj. + that… 引导结果状语从句，表 “如此…… 以至于……”说明水滴小带来的影响；后半句 and it spreads out 并列补充结果，it 指代 sunlight。 02 英语+地理 （2026·福建漳州·一模） An Experiment about How to Get Clean Water What you need : Large cooking pot Drinking glass with a heavy base Plastic food wrap Tape Muddy water Coin What to do : Step 1. Pour about 5 cm of muddy water into the cooking pot. Step 2. Place the drinking glass right side up in the middle of the cooking pot. Step 3. Cover the cooking pot with clear plastic food wrap, stick the wrap with tape, but leave enough slack (松弛度) in the wrap so that it can hang downwards. Step 4. Place the coin in the middle of the plastic food wrap so that the wrap hangs down in the middle, directly over (but not touching) the glass. Step 5. Place the apparatus (装置) in direct sunlight. What to see : After about ten minutes or so, little drops of water begin to appear on the underside of the plastic food wrap. They go down the plastic wrap slowly and fall into the glass. The water in the glass is now clean and the mud is left at the bottom of the cooking pot. How it works : This activity uses the energy in sunlight to turn muddy water into drinking water. Now you can drink clear, clean water if you are thirsty. 1．What do you need in Step 2 of the experiment? ①a large cooking pot        ②a coin ③a drinking glass        ④plastic food wrap A．①② B．③④ C．①③ D．②④ 2．Which picture matches Step 4 in the experiment? A． B． C． D． 3．Why is the coin put in the middle of the plastic wrap? A．To touch the glass. B．To help sunlight heat up water. C．To keep the wrap clean. D．To make the wrap hang down. 4．Where is the clean water collected in the end? A．On the coin. B．In the drinking glass. C．At the bottom of the cooking pot. D．On the surface of the plastic wrap. 5．Where can you most possibly use the apparatus? A．In the wild with no clean water. B．In the classroom at school. C．In the kitchen of a restaurant. D．In a desert with no water. 重难词汇: 1. plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n. 塑料；塑料制品 2. slack /slæk/ n. 松弛；宽松度 3. downwards /ˈdaʊnwədz/ adv. 向下 4. apparatus /ˌæpəˈreɪtəs/ n. 装置；仪器 5. underside /ˈʌndəsaɪd/ n. 下侧；底面 6. energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能量；能源 长难句精析： 1. Cover the cooking pot with clear plastic food wrap, stick the wrap with tape, but leave enough slack in the wrap so that it can hang downwards. 翻译：用透明食品保鲜膜盖住炖锅，用胶带固定保鲜膜，但要留出足够松弛度，让保鲜膜能够向下垂落。 分析: 整句为祈使句，三个并列动作：cover… , stick… , but leave…；固定搭配：cover…with… 用…… 覆盖；so that 引导目的状语从句，意为 “以便、为了”；从句主语 it 指代 plastic food wrap，情态动词 can + 动词原形作谓语。 2. Place the coin in the middle of the plastic food wrap so that the wrap hangs down in the middle, directly over (but not touching) the glass. 翻译: 把硬币放在保鲜膜中央，使保鲜膜中间向下垂，正好位于玻璃杯正上方（但不接触杯子）。 分析: 主句为祈使句，主干：Place the coin（放置硬币）；地点状语：in the middle of the plastic food wrap；so that 引导目的状语从句，说明放硬币的目的；插入语 (but not touching) 省略结构，补充说明位置关系，简化句式。 3. They go down the plastic wrap slowly and fall into the glass. The water in the glass is now clean and the mud is left at the bottom of the cooking pot. 翻译:小水珠顺着保鲜膜缓缓滑落，滴进玻璃杯里。杯子里的水变干净，泥沙则留在锅底。 分析: 第一句：并列谓语 go down 与 fall into，描写水珠动态；第二句由 and 连接两个简单句，构成并列句；is left 为一般现在时被动语态，中考高频考点，意为 “被留下”；介词短语 at the bottom of 作地点状语。 03 英语+生物 （2026·广东汕头·一模）When autumn arrives in the United States and Canada, you can see one of nature’s greatest scenes—the yearly migration (迁徙) of the monarch butterflies (帝王蝶). No other butterfly in the world migrates like the orange and black monarchs of North America. They cannot live for long periods in cold weather. For this reason, each autumn around October, the butterflies travel up to 3,000 kilometers south to spend the winter in warmer locations. Some even fly to the mountains of Mexico. There are so many of them that they almost block out the sky. You can even hear their wings beating. It usually takes the butterflies two months to reach Mexico. After spending five months there, they head back north in spring. But not one butterfly finishes the whole round-trip. They lay eggs along the way and die. Three generations of butterflies will live and die during the spring journey alone. The fourth and final generation of the year is born in early autumn and will reach the north. But the butterflies hardly get to rest before starting the long journey south again to Mexico. The most amazing thing about these butterflies is that they return to the very same trees in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before. However, the populations of this colorful butterfly have dropped in recent years. In 2015, the US Fish and Wildlife Service said that nearly a billion monarchs have disappeared from the overwintering sites (越冬地点) since 1990, reported the Washington Post. One of the main reasons, experts say, is that farmers have used herbicides (除草剂) on plants that the monarchs’ larvae (幼虫) live and feed on. 1．How does the writer lead into the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By describing a scene. B．By telling a story. C．By using a saying. D．By asking a question. 2．Which of the following marks shows the direction of the monarch butterflies’ migration in spring? A． B． C． D． 3．According to the passage, how many generations does it take for the monarch butterflies to finish the whole round-trip? A．one B．four C．five D．eight 4．What is the most surprising thing about the monarch butterflies? A．They like to live in Mexico. B．They like the very same trees. C．They can return to the same trees that their ancestors lived in. D．They don’t like the very same trees that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before. 5．What might the writer talk about next after the passage? A．How to protect these butterflies. B．How to plant some trees these butterflies like. C．How to use herbicides. D．How to feed these butterflies. 重难词汇: 1. migration /ˌmaɪˈɡreɪʃn/ n. 迁徙；移居 2. generation /ˌdʒenəˈreɪʃn/ n. 一代；世代 3. round-trip /ˈraʊnd trɪp/ n. 往返旅程 4. population /ˌpɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ n. 种群数量；人口 5. herbicide /ˈhɜːbɪsaɪd/ n. 除草剂 6. feed /fiːd/ v. 喂养；以…… 为食 长难句精析： 1. There are so many of them that they almost block out the sky. 翻译：它们的数量如此庞大，几乎遮蔽了天空。 分析：核心句型：so…that… 引导结果状语从句，中考必考；主句为 there be 存在句型；固定短语：block out 遮蔽；挡住。 2. The most amazing thing about these butterflies is that they return to the very same trees in Mexico that their great-great-grandparents used the winter before. 翻译：这些帝王蝶最令人惊叹的一点是，它们会回到墨西哥那些恰恰是它们祖辈曾经越冬的同一棵树上。 分析：主句主干：The most amazing thing is that…第一个 that 引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用；第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 trees；very 此处为形容词，加强语气，意为 “正是、恰好”。 3. One of the main reasons, experts say, is that farmers have used herbicides on plants that the monarchs’ larvae live and feed on. 翻译：专家称，主要原因之一是农民在帝王蝶幼虫赖以生存和食用的植物上喷洒了除草剂。 分析：experts say 为插入语，可直接删除不影响句子主干；第一个 that 引导表语从句，解释原因的具体内容；第二个 that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 plants；固定搭配：feed on 以…… 为食，高频短语。 04 英语+生物 （2026·河北唐山·一模）Have you ever watched a seed sprout? Inside that seed lies an embryo (胚胎), a tiny but powerful structure that grows into a new life. How does it grow? First, the seed needs water. When it gets wet, the seed’s outer shell, called the seed coat, becomes softer and the seed becomes bigger. Next, the seed begins to wake up. Inside, a tiny baby plant, called the embryo, starts to grow. It pushes against the seed coat, trying to get out. This is called “sprouting”. Then, a tiny root, called the radicle (胚根), pops out first. This root will help the plant find water and hold it in the ground. Soon after, a tiny stem (茎) and leaves, called the shoot, start to come out. The shoot will help the plant make food from sunlight. Studies show that the way this embryo grows can inspire other fields. In agriculture, understanding how seed embryos develop helps farmers grow better crops. By studying how embryos use nutrients (营养物) and respond to the environment, scientists can create seeds that withstand(经受住) droughts and pests. These improved seeds mean better harvest and better food security for everyone. Materials scientists seek inspiration from seed embryos, too. The way embryos push through soil and grow upwards is a wonderful achievement of engineering. Engineers use this understanding to create materials that can self-repair or change shapes in response to (作为对……的回应) the environment. Imagine clothes that mend themselves or buildings that can adjust to extreme weather! Seed embryo growth is not just about plants, but also a source of inspiration across many fields. It shows us that even the smallest things in nature can have big impacts on our world. So next time you see a sprouting seed, remember—it’s a tiny wonder with endless possibilities! 1．What is the first thing a seed needs before it starts growing? A．It needs sunlight. B．It needs water. C．It needs soil. D．It needs nutrients. 2．According to the text, which process does the materials scientists base their research on to invent materials that can self-repair? A．② B．③ C．④ D．⑤ 3．Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A．Understanding seed embryos doesn’t help engineers create new materials. B．The way seed embryos grow is not important in other fields. C．Scientists have created seeds that can grow in any environment. D．The improved seeds can lead to better harvest and food safety. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．The importance of planting seeds for food security. B．How seed embryos grow and inspire different fields. C．The scientific process of creating seeds to suit the drought. D．Engineering achievements inspired by plant growth. 重难词汇: 1. sprout /spraʊt/ v. 发芽；抽芽 2. embryo /ˈembriəʊ/ n. 胚胎；胚芽 3. nutrient /ˈnjuːtriənt/ n. 营养物；养分 4. withstand /wɪðˈstænd/ v. 经受住；抵御 5. drought /draʊt/ n. 干旱 6. security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 安全；保障 长难句精析： 1. When it gets wet, the seed’s outer shell, called the seed coat, becomes softer and the seed becomes bigger. 翻译：当种子受潮时，它的外壳（种皮）会变软，种子也会膨胀变大。 分析：When 引导时间状语从句，表条件背景；主干并列句：the seed’s outer shell becomes softer and the seed becomes bigger；插入定语：called the seed coat 过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 outer shell，意为 “被称作种皮的”；形容词比较级：softer /bigger，中考基础考点。 2. By studying how embryos use nutrients and respond to the environment, scientists can create seeds that withstand droughts and pests. 翻译：通过研究胚芽如何吸收养分、适应环境，科学家能够培育出抵御干旱和虫害的种子。 分析：By doing sth. 介词短语作方式状语，表 “通过做某事”；how 引导宾语从句，作 studying 的宾语；主句主干：scientists can create seeds；定语从句：that withstand droughts and pests 修饰先行词 seeds，限定种子的特性。 3. It shows us that even the smallest things in nature can have big impacts on our world. 翻译：它向我们表明：即使是自然界中最微小的事物，也能对我们的世界产生巨大影响。 分析：主句结构：show sb. + that 宾语从句，双宾语结构；从句主干：the smallest things can have big impacts；固定搭配：have an impact on 对…… 产生影响，中考高频写作短语；最高级 the smallest 强化句意，语法考点清晰。 05 英语+物理 （2026·广东梅州·一模）It was a hot summer day. Papa had some work to do. “It’s hot enough to fry an egg on the sidewalk (人行道),” he said. “You boys keep yourselves busy while I finish my work, and we’ll do something fun together to cool off.” After hearing his father’s words, Jesse thought it was unbelievable. Was it true? So he decided to have a try himself. He came back a few minutes later. “Actually, it didn’t work,” Jesse said disappointedly. “Dad lied to us.” “What?” Sam asked. “It isn’t hot enough to fry an egg on the sidewalk,” said Jesse. Papa looked up from his work. “Did you try to do that?” he asked. “Yes, but the egg wasn’t cooked, and it didn’t even turn white around the edges (边缘),” said Jesse. “Show me the egg, Jesse,” said Sam. The egg had not changed a bit. It looked like a yellow eye. “Why don’t you use a magnifying glass (放大镜) to focus sunlight on the egg?” Sam suggested. “Miss Li told us that the magnifying glass focuses the sunlight and causes the temperature to rise. Maybe we can use it to fry the egg.” “It’s a good idea. Let’s have a try!” After a few minutes of focusing the sunlight with the magnifying glass, the egg was just fried. The two boys were so excited about that. Later, they understood, “What others say is not always right. It only takes practice and effort to find out whether it’s true or not. Therefore, when things don’t go well, we can try to think differently so that the problems can be easily solved.” 1．What did Jesse do after hearing his father’s words? A．He stayed at home. B．He bought some eggs. C．He tried to fry an egg on the road. D．He tried to cool himself down outside. 2．How did Jesse feel after first trying to fry the egg on the road? A．Excited. B．Disappointed. C．Nervous. D．Worried. 3．Which paragraph introduced the suggestion of Jesse’s brother? A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2. C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4. 4．Which of the following pictures shows the reason why the egg can turn white with a magnifying glass? A． B． C． D． 5．What can we learn from the story? A．Eggs are easy to cook. B．Fathers always tell the truth. C．Summer is the best time for experiments. D．Practice and creative thinking can solve problems. 重难词汇: 1. sidewalk /ˈsaɪdwɔːk/ n. 人行道 2. disappointedly /ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪdli/ adv. 失望地 3. magnify /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪ/ v. 放大；扩大，magnifying glass 放大镜 4. focus /ˈfəʊkəs/ v. 聚焦；集中 n. 焦点 5. temperature /ˈtemprətʃə(r)/ n. 温度 6. therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ adv. 因此；所以 长难句精析： 1. Miss Li told us that the magnifying glass focuses the sunlight and causes the temperature to rise. 翻译：李老师告诉我们，放大镜可以聚集阳光，从而使温度升高。 分析：主句：Miss Li told us（主谓双宾语结构）；that 引导宾语从句，作 told 的宾语；从句内含并列谓语：focuses 与 causes；固定搭配：cause sth. to do sth. 使某物做某事。 2. It only takes practice and effort to find out whether it’s true or not. 翻译：只需要实践和努力，就能弄清一件事是否真实。 分析：固定句型：It takes sth. to do sth. 做某事需要……；不定式 to find out 作真正主语，It 为形式主语；whether…or not 引导宾语从句，作 find out 的宾语，意为 “是否”。 3. Therefore, when things don’t go well, we can try to think differently so that the problems can be easily solved. 翻译：因此，当事情进展不顺利时，我们可以换个角度思考，以便轻松解决问题。 分析：when 引导时间状语从句，表时间条件；so that 引导目的状语从句，表 “为了、以便”；be easily solved* 被动语态，中考高频考点；differently 副词，修饰动词 think。 06 英语+心理 （2026·湖北荆州·一模）Have you ever compared your handwriting with your friends’ to see how different it is? Like no two leaves in the world are exactly the same, no two people share the same handwriting. Your handwriting can actually say a lot about what kind of person you are. Try writing out a sentence: The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog. Then see what your handwriting says about you. Size of your handwriting Did you know that the size of your handwriting can show your character? Large handwriting may show that you’re easy to get along with and you want to be noticed by others. Small handwriting may mean that you’re shy and cautious, and always pay attention to details (细节). If your handwriting is medium-sized, you can get used to new places quickly. Space between words Do you often leave big spaces between your words? A study says the space between your words can show how close you want to be with others. If you leave wide spaces, you love your freedom. You like having your own space. If your words are very close to each other, you have a strong desire (愿望) to stay with your friends and family. If you leave medium spaces, you are balanced (平衡的). You like your own space, but you also enjoy being with others sometimes. Slant (倾斜) of the words The slant of your handwriting can tell how you treat people around you. Slanting to the right means you welcome or accept new ideas easily. And you consider your friends and family are more important than anything else. While slanting to the left may show that you think deeply. And you like to work behind the scenes better. If you write without slanting at all, you may be very calm. Although the handwriting doesn’t always tell the truth, we can read it for fun. What matters most is that you should write carefully. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking a question. C．By comparing facts. D．By listing numbers. 2．What does the underlined word “cautious” mean in paragraph 2? A．Brave. B．Outgoing. C．Careful. D．Humorous. 3．Which of the following can be put in ________ of the following mind map? A．low, wide B．low, straight C．strong, wide D．strong, straight 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? (①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2,…) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To ask people to write out a sentence. B．To ask us to change our handwriting. C．To tell us handwriting may show character. D．To show people how to write beautifully. 重难词汇: 1. cautious /ˈkɔːʃəs/adj. 谨慎的；小心的 2. medium /ˈmiːdiəm/adj. 中等的；适中的 3. desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/n. 渴望；愿望 4. balanced /ˈbælənst/adj. 均衡的；稳重的 5. slant /slɑːnt/n. 倾斜；斜面 v. 倾斜 6. matter /ˈmætə(r)/v. 要紧；重要 长难句精析： 1. Large handwriting may show that you’re easy to get along with and you want to be noticed by others. 翻译：字迹偏大可能表明你很好相处，并且希望被他人关注。 分析：主句：Large handwriting may show…；that 引导宾语从句，从句由 and 连接两个并列简单句；固定短语：get along with 相处；be noticed by others 被动语态，中考高频结构。 2. A study says the space between your words can show how close you want to be with others. 翻译：一项研究表明，单词之间的间距能体现你想要和他人保持多近的距离。 分析：省略 that 的宾语从句，作 says 的宾语；从句主干：the space can show…；how close 引导宾语从句，作 show 的宾语；介词短语 between your words 作后置定语，修饰 space。 07 英语+生物 （2026·江西九江·一模）Every person has his or her unique smell. The smell can even be used to tell if you are healthy, according to How Stuff Works. Diabetes (糖尿病), for example, can make a person’s body smell like bad apples. Yellow fever smells like a butcher shop (肉铺), and liver (肝) disease causes the breath to smell fishy. These all have to do with diseased cells (细胞). A diseased cell gives out different chemicals (化学物质) to a healthy cell. As these chemicals change, the body’s smells change, too, especially the sweat, blood, breath and urine (尿). The smells of disease aren’t new. The real news is about using smell to find disease. For example, a woman in Scotland noticed her husband’s smell was changing. It became more musky (麝香味的) as his Parkinson’s disease (帕金森病) got worse. Scientists at Edinburgh University put her nose to the test. They asked her to tell whether a group of people had Parkinson’s or not. She thought 12 people had the disease. Eleven of them were confirmed (确诊) at once. Another one got the disease eight months later! If some people can do such an amazing job of smelling out diseases, just think what dogs can do. A dog’s sense of smell can be 10,000 to 100,000 times sharper than a human’s. In fact, dogs are especially good at smelling out a certain cancer. People have done several studies about it. How amazing it is! Would you like to do something to find out more about smells? 1．What makes a person’s body have smells? A．Diseased cells. B．Healthy cells. C．Blood pressure. D．Junk food. 2．Match the diseases with smells and choose the right answer. a. Parkinson’s disease.    b. Diabetes.    c. Liver disease.    d. Yellow fever. ①Bad apples.    ②Musky.    ③Fishy.    ④A butcher shop. A．a — ①, b — ②, c — ③, d — ④ B．a — ②, b — ①, c — ③, d — ④ C．a — ③, b — ④, c — ②, d — ① D．a — ④, b — ③, c — ①, d — ② 3．What does the underlined word “these” refer to in Paragraph 3? A．Diseased cells. B．Chemicals. C．Diabetes. D．Body’s smells. 4．Which of the following shows the structure (结构) of the passage? A．①②/③④⑤/⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②③④⑤/⑥ D．①/②③④⑤⑥ 5．What does the passage mainly tell us? A．Scientists are testing different smells of diseases. B．Scientists are studying how smells can help to detect diseases. C．Scientists are studying the chemicals of different cells. D．Scientists are using dogs to smell out diseases. 重难词汇: 1. unique /juˈniːk/adj. 独特的；独一无二的 2. chemical /ˈkemɪkl/n. 化学物质；化学品 3. sweat /swet/n. 汗水 v. 出汗 4. confirm /kənˈfɜːm/v. 确认；确诊；证实 5. sense /sens/n. 感官；感觉；意识 6. sharp /ʃɑːp/adj. 敏锐的；灵敏的 长难句精析： 1. A diseased cell gives out different chemicals to a healthy cell. As these chemicals change, the body’s smells change, too. 翻译：病变细胞会释放出与健康细胞不同的化学物质。随着这些化学物质发生变化，人体的气味也会随之改变。 分析：前半句简单句：主语 a diseased cell，谓语固定搭配 give out 释放、散发；As 引导时间 / 原因状语从句，意为 “随着；由于”；主从句结构对称，前后语义递进，为中考常考句式。 2. They asked her to tell whether a group of people had Parkinson’s or not. 翻译：他们让她辨别一组人是否患有帕金森病。 分析：核心结构：ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事；whether…or not 引导宾语从句，作 tell 的宾语，固定搭配 “是否”；从句时态为一般过去时，与主句时态保持一致，时态考点清晰。 3. A dog’s sense of smell can be 10,000 to 100,000 times sharper than a human’s. 翻译：狗的嗅觉灵敏度可以是人类的一万到十万倍。 分析：本句为倍数 + 比较级经典中考句型； 比较级 sharper 修饰嗅觉灵敏程度；human’s 为名词性物主代词省略用法，完整形式：a human’s sense of smell，避免重复。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $