内容正文:
Unit 3 Smart Learning. Section A 知识清单
Part1核心单词
1 aloud /ə'laʊd/ adv. 出声地;大声地
aloud 为副词,没有比较级。常用短语:read aloud 大声朗读
辨析:aloud, loud 与loudly
aloud
副词(adv.),强调“发出声音,让声音能被听见”。常与read 搭配。
loud
1. 作形容词:表示“声音响亮的”,修饰voice, noise, sound 等名词;
2. 作副词:表示“声音响亮地”,常与speak, talk, laugh, sing 搭配,有比较级(louder)。
loudly
副词(adv.),表示“声音大且可能刺耳、吵闹”,侧重“音量过高,让人不适”,隐含负面情绪。
例:She reads the poem aloud to the class.她大声给全班读诗。
The teacher has a loud voice, so everyone in the class can hear her. 老师声音很大,所以班里每个人都能听见她说话。
He spoke loud enough for everyone to hear.他大声说,让所有人都能听见。
2 suit /suːt/ v. 适合;有利于 n. 套装
suit(v. 适合)→suitable(adj. 合适的)
由suit 构成的短语有:(1)suit sb 适合某人
(2)suit one’s needs 满足某人的需求
suit n. 套装
suitable 的常用短语:be suitable for 适合……。
suit 的近义词为fit,但suit 侧重“风格、颜色等匹配”;
fit 侧重“尺寸、大小合身”。
例:The dress suits her well. 这条裙子很适合她。
Reading texts in the morning suits our daily learning needs very well. 早上读课文非常契合我们日常的学习需求。
This plan suits our needs perfectly.这个计划完全满足我们的需求。
He wears a black suit to work. 他穿黑色西装去上班。
This book is suitable for children. 这本书适合儿童。
The place is suitable to relax. 这个地方适合放松。
The shirt fits him. 衬衫他穿着合身。
3 speed /spiːd/ n. 速度v. (sped; sped /speeded; speeded) 加速;促进
speed 有名词和动词两种词性。
speed 作名词时,常用短语有:
(1)at high/low/full speed 以高/ 低/ 全速
(2)at a speed of + 数值 以…… 的速度
speed 作动词时,常用短语有:
(1)speed along... 沿着……快速前行
(2)speed up 加速(反义短语为 slow down 减速)
例:The car is moving at high speed. 汽车在高速前行。
The plane flies at a speed of 800 km/h.飞机以每小时 800 公里的速度飞行。
He sped along the road to catch the bus.他沿着马路快速前行去赶公交车。
4 zero /'zɪərəʊ/ num. 零;最低程度
zero 指数字符号“0”,或人 / 物的数量、温度、分数等为“零”的状态,是基础数字概念。
zero 还指某事物的程度达到“最低极限”。
相关短语:drop to zero 降到零 zero chance 可能性为零
from zero 从零开始 below zero 零下
zero tolerance 零容忍 zero hour 行动开始时间;零时
例:The temperature dropped to zero last night.昨晚气温降到了零度。
He got zero in the math test because he didn’t answer any questions. 他数学考了零分,因为任何题都没答。
There’s zero chance of rain today—look at the blue sky! 今天下雨的可能性为零 —看蓝天!
5 actively /'æktɪvli/ adv. 积极地
active(adj. 积极的;主动的)→actively(adv. 积极地)→activity(n. 活动)
相关短语:(1)work actively 积极工作
(2) actively participate in / join in / take part in...积极参加……
(3)actively study 主动学习
(4)actively cooperate 积极合作
辨析:actively 与positively
actively
侧重“行动上的积极主动”。
positively
侧重“态度上的肯定或乐观”。
例:She actively takes part in class discussions.她积极参与课堂讨论。
He is active in sports. 他在体育活动中很活跃。
We have many after-school activities.我们有很多课后活动。
The team worked actively to finish the project.团队积极工作以完成项目。
6 correct /kə'rekt/ adj. 正确的;恰当的
correct(adj. 正确的)→correctly(adv. 正确地)→correctness(n. 正确性)
相关短语:(1)be correct in doing sth 做某事是正确的
(2)the correct answer/way/method 正确的答案/ 方式/ 方法
correct 还可以作动词,意为“纠正”。
辨析:correct 与right
correct
(adj. 正确的v. 纠正)强调“符合标准、规则或事实”,更正式。
right
(adj. 对的 n. 权利)侧重“道德、伦理或主观判断的正确性”,更口语化。
例:Your opinion is correct. 你的观点是正确的。
You are correct in choosing this book. 你选这本书是对的。
What’s the correct way to solve this problem?解决这个问题的正确方法是什么?
Can you use the tool correctly?你能正确使用这个工具吗?
7 suggest /sə'dʒest/ v. 建议;提议
suggest(v. 建议)→suggestion(n. 建议)
suggest 的常用短语:suggest doing sth 建议做某事
suggestion 的常用短语:give a suggestion 给出建议
follow one’s suggestion 遵循某人的建议
用法:① suggest 表示“建议”时:suggest + that 从句(虚拟语气),从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”的形式。
② suggest 表示“暗示”时:suggest + t hat 从句,从句用陈述语气,从句谓语根据实际情况变化形式。
近义词是advise,常用结构:advise sb to do sth/advise + that 从句 (虚拟语气)
例:We suggested that he arrive early for the meeting.我们建议他早点到,参加会议。
He suggested going out for dinner tonight.他建议今天晚上出去吃晚饭。
She suggested a new idea for the project.她对这个项目提出了一个新的想法。
His behavior suggested that he was hiding something.他的行为表明他有所隐藏。
Can you give me a suggestion on how to improve my English? 你能给我一个提高英语的建议吗?
It is my suggestion that he should not study abroad.我的建议是他不应该出国留学。
8 method /'meθəd/ n. 方法
由method 构成的短语有:
(1)a scientific method 一个科学方法
(2)a method of doing sth 做某事的一种方法
辨析:method, way 与means
method
强调系统性、步骤化、条理性的方法,与with搭配。使用场合大多为科学、学术等。如:with this method 用这种方法。
way
强调通用、灵活的方式,与in 搭配。使用场合较日常、口语化。如:in this way 用这种方法。
means
强调具体的手段或工具,常与by 搭配,且单复数同形。常用于交通、通讯等。如:by means of借助……手段。
例:Scientists use the scientific method to test hypotheses. 科学家用科学方法验证假设。
This software provides a new method of data analysis.这款软件提供了一种新的数据分析方法。
There are many ways to solve this problem.解决这个问题有很多方法。
Part2 核心短语
1 in general 总的来说;通常
in general 总的来说;通常
同义替换:in general 可与 generally speaking、on the whole 互换。
例:In general, students like summer holidays.一般来说,学生喜欢暑假。
The weather here is, in general, warm and sunny.这里的天气通常温暖晴朗。
She is kind to others in general. 她通常对他人友善。
2 step by step 逐步地;循序渐进地
step by step 意为“逐步地、循序渐进地”。
类似的结构还有:(1)one by one 逐个地 (2)little by little 渐渐地 (3)word by word 逐字地
(4)side by side 并排地 (5)day by day 一天天地
例:You should solve the problem step by step.你应该一步步解决这个问题。
English grammar is not easy, but if you learn it step by step, you’ll master it soon. 英语语法并不简单,但如果你循序渐进地学习,很快就能掌握它。
The teacher checked our homework one by one.老师逐一检查了我们的作业。
3 build up 增加;加强;创建
build up 是“动词+ 副词”结构,其宾语若为人称代词,则要置于build 与up 之间。
后接抽象名词(如 confidence、relationship)或具体事物(如 business、army),表示“通过持续努力逐渐增强或建立”。类似结构的短语还有:(1)set up 建立;开办;安排 (2)put up 张贴;建造 (3)take up 开始从事;占据(时间/空间)
例:Little by little, he built up his vocabulary.他逐渐积累了词汇量。
Swimming helps build up your strength.游泳有助于增强你的体质。
We need to build up a strong team to finish this school project.我们需要创建一个强大的团队来完成这个学校项目。
4 put off 推迟;拖延
put off 意为“推迟;拖延”,属于“动词 + 副词”结构。可跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。如果人称代词作宾语,需置于二者之间。
put off ... till/until+ 时间,意为“把……推迟到……”。
例:Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 今日事,今日毕。
Don’t put off the meeting. 别推迟会议。
We have to put it off. 我们不得不推迟它。
It’s wrong to put off doing homework.拖延做作业是错误的。
5 the best way to do sth 做某事的最佳方法
例:Teng Fei says the best way to study maths is to do maths problems.
6 work on意为“努力改善”
例:The learning app will find your weak points and give exercises to work on them.
7 the secret to (doing) sth (做)某事的秘诀/ 诀窍
例:Ella wants to know Peter’s secret to learning physics well.
8 connect...with....把……和……连接/ 联系起来
例:Peter finds that he can connect physics with something in real life
9 look up sth 查阅……,
若宾语是代词时,需放在look 和up 中间。
例:Look up words in a dictionary
10 be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
例:I’m afraid of making mistakes.
11 prepare for 为……做准备
例:Frank takes evening classes to prepare for his HSK examination.
12 based on基于;以……为根据
例:Tony wrote a play based on his favourite history lesson.
13 no matter what 意为“无论什么……”,引导让步状语从句。
例:As an active learner, Hua Luogeng stayed positive no matter what difficulties he met in his life and studies.
Part3 核心句型
1 I find it difficult to follow conversations.
find + it + adj . + to do sth 意为“发现做某事是……的”,其中it作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语。
2 Thanks for having me! For learning English, I think first you need to become an active learner.
“Thanks for…”意为“因……而感谢”,是表示感谢的句型,与“Thank you for…”同义,for后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
3 Oh, you must spend a lot of time studying!
spend + 时间+(in) doing sth 意为“花费时间做某事”。
4 I repeat the dialogues from the films I like.
长难句分析:这是一个含有定语从句的复合句。主句是I repeat the dialogues from the films,其中主语是I,谓语是repeat,宾语是the dialogues,from the films 作后置定语修饰dialogues。从句是I like,是省略了关系代词that/which 的定语从句。
5 Wow! I guess you really enjoy learning.
Binbin: Yes, it’s true! But you see, I started out at zero and came across problems.
(1)I guess 意为“我猜;我认为;我想”,用来陈述自己的观点、看法或建议等。
(2)start out开始从事;起初是
(3)come across偶然遇到;偶然发现
6 We should read and take notes very carefully, then summarize the key points.
summarize from sth 从某事 / 某物中总结→ summary n. 总结、概要 a summary of……的总结
7 “A book starts heavy and thick but becomes thinner as you understand it better.”
长难句分析:此句是复合句。A book starts heavy and thick 是主系表结构,主语是A book,系动词是starts,表语是heavy and thick。becomes thinner as you understand it better 中省略了主语A book,系动词是becomes,表语是thinner,as you understand it better 是时间状语从句。
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