Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and expressions 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册

选择性必修四 Unit 1 Words and Expressions 1.________n. 小说；虚构的事→ adj.虚构的；小说中的 fiction fictional science fiction (informal Sci–Fi) (abbr. SF) 科幻小说（或影片等） novel n.小说（adj.）新颖的 story n.篇幅较短的故事 myth n.神话 tale n. 故事 fairy tale 童话 fable n. 寓言 2. 检验；测试 3. n. n.意外收获;奖金; 红利 4.more like _更像是；更接近 less like 不像 nothing like 丝毫不像;绝对不 there is nothing like 没有比 ……好的 something like 有点像 anything like 与……相像,多用于疑问句或否定句中 test out try out set out (to do sth.) turn out give out leave out carry out work out wear out 试用；测试；测验 出发；开始（做某事） 证明是；结果是 分发；用完 省略；遗漏 贯彻；执行；实施 计算出；解决；锻炼 穿破；耗尽；使厌烦 bonus “more...than...” 意为“与其说……倒不如说……” He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他看上去与其说是一台机器，倒不如说更像是一个人。 more than＋数词(＝over) 超过，不止 There are more than forty students in the class. 班里有超过四十名学生。 more than＋名词(＝not only) 不仅仅是 Reading is more than a hobby. 阅读不仅仅是一种爱好。 more than＋形容词/副词(＝very) 非常，很 The movie is more than wonderful. 这部电影非常精彩。 not more than＋数词 不多于；不超过 There are not more than fifty people in the room. 房间里不超过五十个人。 no more than＋数词 仅仅；只不过 It is no more than a small mistake. 这只不过是个小错误。 3 be more like A than B 更像是A而不是B eg.(1)He seemed more like a human than a machine. (2)社交机器人更像是一种陪伴，而不是工具。Social robots are more like companions than tools. 5._ ____adj. 愚蠢的; 荒谬的; 荒唐的→_________ adv.荒唐地;荒谬地; 令人惊奇地 It is ridiculous to do ...: 做什么是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的 It is ridiculous that ...: ...是愚蠢的/荒谬的/荒唐的 6._ ____adj. 荒谬的; 荒唐的 It is absurd of sb. to do某人做什么是荒谬的 7._ ____n. 诚实正直；完整；完好 in the integrity完整；原封不动consider/regard sb as a man of integrity 认为某人正直 admire his wisdom and integrity 欣赏他的智慧与正直 ridiculous ridiculously absurd integrity 8._ ____ n. 庄重；庄严；尊严with dignity 有尊严地 9._ ____ n.薪水;薪金 10._ ____ n.预约；约会；委任→　 　　 　 adj.指定的 →　 　　 　 vt.任命,委派  make an appointment with sb 和某人预约/约定 keep/break an appointment 守/违约 by appointment按照预约 appoint sb. as../to be sth. 任命某人为... appoint sb. to do 委派某人做某事 11._ ____n.指甲;趾甲 vt.(用钉)钉牢 hit the nail on the head 正中要害：一针见血，说话中肯 12._ ____n. 女售货员；女推销员salesman n.售货员,推销员 dignity salary appointment appoint appointed nail saleswoman 13.guilt n.犯罪,内疚→　　 　 　 adj.内疚的,有罪的 be guilty of 犯有...罪 be/feel guilty at/about 对/为...感到内疚/有愧 a sense of guilt 内疚感  out of guilt 出于内疚 14.suspend v.悬; 挂; 暂停; 暂缓→　　 　 　 n.暂缓；延迟；暂停 suspend sb from school/job 使某人停职/停学 suspension bridge 吊桥 15.　 　　 　n.梯子，阶梯 16.dismiss vt.解散,解雇→ 　　 　　n.解雇,开除→ 　　 　　 adj.轻蔑的；不屑一顾的 → 　　 　　 adv.轻蔑地；不屑一顾地dismiss sb from sth 将某人从某岗位上解雇 dismiss sb for sth 因某事解雇某人 guilty suspension ladder dismissal dismissive dismissively 17.declare vt.表明,宣称,公布→　　 　　 n.宣布,公告 declare sb/sth to be... 宣布某人/某事物为…… declare for/against sb/sth 声明赞成/反对某人/某事物 declare war on... 向……宣战 It is/was declared that... 据宣布…… 18.whereas 强调相反conj. 然而;但是;尽管 while 强调对比conj. 然而 but conj. 但是 yet conj. 然而,但是 however adv. 然而; 但是 nevertheless adv. 然而,不过 19.　　 　　 n. 谣言；传闻to start/spread a rumour 制造/散播谣言 rumour of/about sth 关于…的谣言 20. vt. & vi. 假设/假定; 认为→　 　　 　 n.假设/定   declaration although conj. 虽然/尽管 though conj. 虽然/尽管 even if/though 虽然;即使 despite prep. 即使;尽管 in spite of rumour/rumor presume presumption assume v. 假定；假设；认为 assumption n.假定；假设 (1)It is presumed that从句 “人们认为...” (2)presuming/suppose/supposing/assuming/provided/providing+ that句子… “假如; 假定” e.g. Presuming/Supposing/Assuming/Provided/Providing he is absent, what shall we do? 21. fare n. 车费；船费；飞机票价 22.weekly adj. 每周的 n. 周刊→daily adj.每日的 n.日报→monthly adj.每月的；n.月刊 →annual adj.每年的 n.年刊 23.on a ... basis 根据;以…的方式(基准) basis n. (pl.bases) 底部;基础;主要成分;基本原则或原理 base vt. 以...为基础 n.根基;底部;基础;基地 basic adj.基础的；基本的 basically adv.基本上；从根本上说 on a daily or weekly basis 以每天或每周的方式 on a regular basis 定期 on the basis of 以---为基础 on a consistent basis　　　 一贯地；持续地 24.calculate vt.计算,预测→　 　 　　n.计算,估算 →　 　 　　n.计算器 →　 　 　　adj.精明的；精于算计的 →　calculated adj. 精心策划的；蓄意的 calculate on/upon＝depend/rely/count on/upon 指望;期待 be calculated to do sth 旨在做某事 It is calculated that据计算/统计 25. chairwoman n.女主席；女董事长 26.gramme (NAmE gram) n. 克（重量单位） 27.flour n. 面粉；（谷物磨成的）粉 28.venue n. 活动场地（如音乐厅、会场等） two hundred grammes of flour 两百克面粉 a 3000-seat venue 一个3000个座位的活动场地   calculation calculator calculating 29.alien n. 外星人(生物)；外国人 adj. 陌生的；外星的；外国的contact alien life forms 联系外星生命形式 30.pros and cons事物的利与弊;支持与反对 advantages and disadvantages好处和坏处 strengths and weaknesses优缺点 31.　 　 　　adj.模糊不清的;难以区分的→　 　 　　 vt.弄脏；使…模糊 n.污点；模糊 be blurred in在...模糊不清 blurred blur blur--blurred--blurred; blurring a blurred image/picture(photo)/ memory 模糊的形象/照片/记忆 (续写心理描写) 泪水模糊了我的视线。(主谓宾句型) Tears blurred my vision. Linda took the chicken soup gratefully, tears blurring her eyes and a lump in her throat. （独立主格） 琳达感激地喝了鸡汤，泪水模糊了她的眼睛，喉咙哽咽。 32.superior adj.更好的；占优势的；(在级别或重要性上)更高的 (1)be superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹；比……级别高(to为介词) be superior in 在……方面更好/更强 (2)be inferior to 比……差；比……级别低 (3)be senior to 比……级别高；比……年纪大 superiority n. 优势；优越性 be junior to 比……级别低；比……年纪小 (4)be prior to 比……更早；在……前面 他很傲慢，总觉得自己高人一等。(分词作状语) He is arrogant, always thinking he is superior to others. 33.take over占上风；取而代之；接管；接手； 34.inaction n. 无行动; 不采取措施 inactive adj. 不活动的；不活跃的；惰性的 action n. 行动[U]; 行为[C] take action(s) to do sth. take up 拿起；占据；开始从事 take on 呈现；雇用；承担 take off 脱下；起飞；匆匆离开；突然成功 take in 吸收；理解；欺骗；收留 take advantage of 利用 35.conflict with 与...冲突或抵触 come into conflict with sb. 与某人发生冲突 36. labor n. 劳动(者)；体力劳动 vi. 奋斗；努力工作→labored adj. 吃力的；费劲的→laborious adj. 耗时费力的；辛苦的 most of our labour 我们大部分的行动labour to do sth 努力做某事 ①A conflict with B ②A be in conflict with B a conflict between...and...……和……之间的冲突 eg. 1.他们的梦想与残酷的现实相矛盾。 2.我和我的父母在选择哪个专业上有冲突。 conflict with 与...冲突或抵触 Their dreams conflict with their harsh reality. I am in conflict with my parents on/about/over which major to choose. (on/about/over sth.) 38. leather n.皮革 pl.皮衣，皮外套 39. lever n.操纵杆🕹️，杠杆 sit oneself in the leather seat坐在皮椅上 grip the lever 抓住操纵杆 40. panel n.控制板，仪表盘，专家咨询组 the main panel 主仪表盘 41. inch n.英寸 an inch 一英寸 There are 2.54 centimetres to an inch. 一英寸等于2.54厘米。 42.hazy adj.模糊的；朦胧的；困惑的→______ n.薄雾→______adv.模糊地 go hazy 变得模糊 haze hazily 43.backward(s) adv. 向后;倒着;往回 backwards and forwards 来回地 forward(s) adv.向前 upward(s) adv.向上 downward(s) adv.向下 eastward(s) adv.向东 westward(s) adv.向西 backward(s) and forward(s) 来来回回 1.我没有站稳，仰面摔倒。（分词作状语） Losing my balance, I fell backwards. 他紧张地来回踱步。 He paced nervously backwards and forwards   44.grip [ɡrɪp]: vt./vi. 紧握; 抓紧 grip--gripped---gripped grasp catch grab seize hold /take hold of (无灵主语句) Fear gripped her heart. 45. niece n.侄女，外甥女---nephew n.侄子，外甥 / ˈnefjuː / 46.fetch vt. 拿来；取来；请来：bring v. 带来 take v. 带走 fetch something 抓住一些事 fetch sb sth = fetch sth for sb 给某人拿来某物 fetch up 偶然来到；意外到达 fetch, bring 辨析 bring 为“拿来”“带来”，指将人或物拿到说话人所在地或即将要去的地方，强调一个方向的动作。 It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. fetch 为“去拿来”，指去取了某物或带上某人，再返回原处，强调动作的一往一返= go and bring。 John threw a ball away and then asked his dog to fetch it for him. 47. handkerchief n.手帕，纸巾 her handkerchief 她的手帕纸 48. lamp n.灯，台灯 lamplight n.灯光 damp adj.潮湿的 n.湿气 lump n.（不定形的）块 adj.成团的；总共的 a lamp 一盏灯 49. turn out 在场，使朝外，结果是 turn out + adj./to be.../that从句 结果是；证明是 eg.He got his first book published. It turned out (to be) a bestseller.他的第一本书出版了，结果成了畅销书。 50.pace n. 速度; 步伐; 节奏 vt. & vi. 确定速度; 调整节奏 at a ... pace 以...的速度 at a/the speed of… 以...的速度 pace up and down 踱来踱去 pace up and down 踱来踱去 keep pace with sb./sth. 与某人/某物并驾齐驱 set the pace 确定速度；起带头作用；树立榜样 51.fall away （逐渐）减少；消失 fall-fell-fallen 52.division n.分开；分隔；差异；除(法)→________ v.(使)分开，分散，分割，分成；分配 fall back 后退，撤退，退却 fall behind 落后 fall off 减少；下降 fall down 跌倒；掉下；倒塌；失败 fall ill 生病 fall in love with 爱上 divide • divisions between rich and poor 贫富差异 •social/class divisions 社会分化；阶级对立 divide sth. between/among... 在……之间分配某物；由……分享某物 divide...into... 把……分成…… divide...in half/into halves 把……分成两半 divide A by B A除以B Divide 20 by 5, and you’ll get 4. 20 除以 5 等于 4。 division between night and day 白天与黑夜的分界线 53.puff n. (烟、气等的)一缕； 少量[C]; 泡芙[C]; 喘息[U]； 1.一缕烟; 一股风; 一阵微风 2.山坡陡峭，我很快就气喘吁吁了。 a puff of smoke/wind/breeze The hill was very steep and I soon ran out of puff. 54. urge n.强烈的欲望；冲动 vt.催促；力劝；大力推荐→________ adj.迫切的，紧急的→urgency n.紧迫；急迫 (1)have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事 (2)urge sb. to do sth. = urge sb into doing sth. 催促某人做某事 (3)It's urged that... 极力主张... in urgent need of... 急需…… 55.random adj. 随机的; 不可思议的→________ adv. 随机; 随意; 未加计划地 at random 随意; 随机; 胡乱地 56.jolt n. 震动; 摇晃; 颠簸 vt./vi. (使)震动; 摇晃 shake (shook – shaken)v. 摇动; 抖动; (使)颤动; 摇头 tremblev. 颤抖; 哆嗦; 抖动; 战栗; 颤动; 轻轻摇晃 urgent randomly jolt sb into sth/ jolt sb out of sth 使受到震惊（而采取行动）；唤醒 His remark jolted her into action.他的话使她猛然醒悟而行动起来。 with a sudden jolt 突然一震 57.maximum adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量；最大限度 maximize v.使最大化 minimum adj. 最低限度的 n. 最小值；最小限度 minimize v.使最小化 at maximum speed 以最大的速度 at a minimum 至少 58.explode vi.& vt.爆炸；爆破→___________ n.爆炸→___________adj. 易爆炸的；可能引起爆炸的 n. 炸药；爆炸物 explosion explosive explode with anger/ into laughter 勃然大怒/突然大笑起来 59.flip vt./vi. (使)快速翻转; (用手指)轻抛 (flipped-flipped; flipping) flip over 翻倒；翻转 flip a coin抛硬币 60. stun v.使震惊🤯，使昏迷→stunned adj. 震惊的; 惊愕的→stunning adj. 令人震惊的/惊愕的(stunned-stunned; stunning ) 他因听到这突然的消息而目瞪口呆。 He was stunned by the sudden news. 61.mud n.泥；泥浆→_______ adj.泥泞的 soil n.泥土、土壤 sb’s name is mud 某人臭名昭著 fling(扔，掷) mud at sb（尤指政治上）故意抹黑，向…泼污水，污蔑 表示“吃惊”的词astonishing adj.惊人的surprising adj.令人惊讶的shocking adj.令人震惊的 muddy flip on its side 侧翻 be stunned for 对...感到震惊=be shock at overstatement n.夸大; 夸张 overstate v.夸大 state v. 陈述; 说明; 声明 adj.州的，政府的 statement cn.说法; 声明; 陈述 understatement n.轻描淡写；有节制地表达 more like 更像是；更接近 less like 不像 This is less like a game and more like work. 这不像游戏，更像工作。 　 nothing like 丝毫不像;绝对不 It’s nothing like what I imagined. 这和我想象的丝毫不像。 there is nothing like 没有比……好的　 There is nothing like a hot drink on a cold day. 冷天里没有比一杯热饮更好的了。 something like 有点像 It looks something like a bird. 它看起来有点像一只鸟。 anything like 与……相像,多用于疑问句或否定句中 Is it anything like what you want? 它和你想要的有一点像吗？ $